305 lines
32 KiB
XML
305 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="2597334F196DA6417ACC6BA8C14DFAF6" ID-CLB-Dataset="7919" ID-DOI="10.1206/3726.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c50f5780-523a-40db-bade-2289eedfa11d" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4565809" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614359498161" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rozen, Jerome G." docDate="2011" docId="B02DA82FDC37AB42922CFDF9FB6DFE7A" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2011.3726.1-52.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2011 (3726)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/3726.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Exomalopsini BASED ON MATURE LARVAE" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="4C14D057DC3DAB4F9305FF93FFA5FFCC" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Exomalopsine Bees with Notes on Nesting Biology and a Tribal Key to Mature Larvae of Noncorbiculate, Nonparasitic Apinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698931365235" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="82DD5DEB6F4BD508C3294AEA4F8F8D45">Immatures of Exomalopsine Bees with Notes on Nesting Biology and a Tribal Key to Mature Larvae of Noncorbiculate, Nonparasitic Apinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="487ED9A221EAF979BF043306D2A28956">Rozen, Jerome G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D867AF6EBDC781D2E8705F86C3D4E83D">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="332B1CCE2A740F18189784C7E714796D">
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<mods:date id="2EE6C8B01D358F0BD0A1B26522E983F0">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="04F5DD5A404E5B0D09356030257CD139">2011-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B17FC8CA5B7C16ED108DE14027ADCCD4">2011</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5670C540ACAD618A345B2EA608581BFF">3726</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B313C2DDDD29F716911EBD34C1D2DDA4" type="DOI">10.1206/3726.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B02DA82FDC37AB42922CFDF9FB6DFE7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4574317" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179984997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4574317" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B02DA82FDC37AB42922CFDF9FB6DFE7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B02DA82FDC37AB42922CFDF9FB6DFE7A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="709E4AB2DC37AB45922CFDF9FBB3FD48" box="[297,1046,617,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45922CFDF9FBB3FD48" blockId="10.[297,1046,617,644]" box="[297,1046,617,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="6373AE55DC37AB45922CFDF9FBB3FD48" box="[297,1046,617,644]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
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KEY TO SPECIES Of
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB459110FDF9FBB3FD48" ID-CoL="628DF" authority="BASED ON MATURE LARVAE" box="[533,1046,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Exomalopsini">EXOMALOPSINI BASED ON MATURE LARVAE</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="709E4AB2DC37AB4593ADFD32FF64FC9D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB4593ADFD32FF64FC9D" blockId="10.[120,1224,673,849]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Although there are slight differences among species of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB4590FEFD32FB00FD77" authorityName="Michener & Moure" authorityYear="1957" box="[1019,1189,673,699]" class="Insecta" genus="Anthophorisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4590FEFD32FB00FD77" box="[1019,1189,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anthophorisca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as reflected in their descriptions, these features are of questionable value and are not incorporated in the key. Salivary lips of
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB4592BDFD7FFD1FFCCA" box="[440,698,748,774]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Teratognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4592BDFD7FFD1FFCCA" box="[440,698,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Teratognatha modesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are projecting but not as markedly so as in other cocoon spinning exomalopsines; for that reason, this species will run both ways at couplet 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="709E4AB2DC37AB429398FC11FB6DFE7A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="key">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB459398FC11FB6DFC0D" blockId="10.[155,1224,897,1036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1. Head capsule with salivary lips not projecting or at most only slightly so (non–cocoon spinning)....................................................... 2</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45939EFC5EFB6DFBC0" blockId="10.[155,1224,897,1036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">– Head capsule with strongly projecting salivary lips (larval stage possibly cocoon spinning some time in annual life cycle)........................................ 5</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="8370019CDC37AB45937FFBB3FB6DFB39" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45937FFBB3FB6DFB49" blockId="10.[122,1224,1056,1269]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45937FFBB3FB6DFB49" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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2(1). Antennal papilla large, somewhat longer than basal diameter, and clearly longer than maxillary palpus; mandibular apex subtruncate with declivity between apical teeth shallow; lower edge of cusp bearing 5–6 very large spines..
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB4590CDFBF8FB6DFB49" ID-CoL="55DT2" box="[968,1224,1131,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Teratognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4590CDFBF8FB6DFB49" box="[968,1224,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Teratognatha modesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45939EFB02FB6DFB39" blockId="10.[122,1224,1056,1269]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45939EFB02FB6DFB39" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">– Antennal papilla small, always shorter than basal diameter and shorter than maxillary palpus; mandibular apex terminating in two or three teeth separated by distinct declivities; spines of lower cuspal edge smaller, less conspicuous......... 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="8370019CDC37AB45937FFA99FB6DFA12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45937FFA99FB6DFAA2" blockId="10.[122,1224,1289,1503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45937FFA99FB6DFAA2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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3(2). Mandibular apex nearly parallel sided in outer or inner view (fig. 31), ending in two acutely pointed teeth; abdominal segment 10 without dorsolateral patch of spicules on each side.........................
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB45900DFAC7FB6DFAA2" ID-CoL="67FHZ" box="[776,1224,1364,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncicornis" subGenus="Isomalopsis">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB45900DFAC7FC0CFAA2" box="[776,937,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anthophorula</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4590B9FAC7FBE5FAA2" box="[956,1088,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Isomalopsis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB459757FAC6FB6DFAA2" box="[1106,1224,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">uncicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45939EFAE9FB6DFA12" blockId="10.[122,1224,1289,1503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45939EFAE9FB6DFA12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">– Sides of mandibular apex broadly expanded in inner or outer view (figs. 32, 33), terminating in two or three teeth; if ending in two, these teeth obtusely rounded (figs. 6, 33); abdominal segment 10 with dorsolateral patch of spicules on each side... 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="8370019CDC37AB45937FFA60FB6DF9B1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45937FFA60FB6DF9FE" blockId="10.[122,1224,1523,1661]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45937FFA60FB6DF9FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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4(3). Mandibular apex trifid (when unworn) (fig. 35); spiracular subatrium short, consisting of approximately 6 chambers......
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB4591EDF98AFBE3F9FE" ID-CoL="3DNLN" box="[744,1094,1560,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auropilosa" subGenus="Exomalopsis">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4591EDF98AFCBEF9FE" box="[744,795,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Exo.</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB459028F98BFC18F9FE" box="[813,957,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Exomalopsis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4590CBF98BFBE3F9FE" box="[974,1094,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">auropilosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB459787F98BFB6DF9FE" ID-CoL="3DNM4" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1914" box="[1154,1224,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB459787F98BFB6DF9FE" box="[1154,1224,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">bruesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45939EF9ADFB6DF9B1" blockId="10.[122,1224,1523,1661]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45939EF9ADFB6DF9B1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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– Mandibular apex bifid; spiracular subatrium longer, consisting of approximately 12 chambers............................
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB4591D0F9F7FBB1F9B1" ID-CoL="3DNR9" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[725,1044,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani" subGenus="Stilbomalopsis">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4591D0F9F7FCADF9B1" box="[725,776,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Exo.</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB45901FF9F0FC1BF9B1" box="[794,958,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stilbomalopsis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB4590D5F9F0FBB1F9B1" box="[976,1044,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">solani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC37AB459755F9F0FB6DF9B1" ID-CoL="6HMY7" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[1104,1224,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solidaginis">
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC37AB459755F9F0FB6DF9B1" box="[1104,1224,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">solidaginis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="8370019CDC37AB44937FF902FB6DFC1A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC37AB45937FF902FB6DF91D" blockId="10.[122,1224,1681,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC37AB45937FF902FB6DF91D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5(1). Antennal papilla elongate, conical, about as long as basal diameter, and about as long as, or longer than, maxillary palpus; small-bodied species.................... 6</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6CFB49B1DC36AB4491E6FEA2FBE9FCD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4565821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4565821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4565821/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[739,840,305,329]" targetBox="[121,688,224,789]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB4491E6FEA2FBE9FCD2" blockId="11.[739,1225,304,798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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FIGURES 32–36. Apices of right mandibles of mature larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB44909AFEDDFB88FEAA" ID-CoL="628DF" box="[927,1069,334,358]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Exomalopsini">Exomalopsini</taxonomicName>
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outer surface, figures 32–36 to same scale, apical end toward bottom, showing variation in shape, as follows:
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4491E6FE35FCA6FE72" bold="true" box="[739,771,422,446]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">32.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44900CFE35FC5FFE72" box="[777,1018,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB44900CFE35FC53FE72" ID-CoL="5VFGW" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[777,1014,422,446]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completa">Anthophorula completa</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB449705FE35FB85FE72" bold="true" box="[1024,1056,422,446]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">33.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB449723FE35FB07FE72" box="[1062,1186,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB449723FE35FB3BFE72" ID-CoL="5VFGX" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1062,1182,422,446]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionura">A. chionura</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4497ADFE35FB6DFE72" bold="true" box="[1192,1224,422,446]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">34.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4491E6FE57FCD4FE17" box="[739,881,452,475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB4491E6FE57FCC8FE17" ID-CoL="67FHZ" box="[739,877,452,475]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uncicornis">A. uncicornis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44907CFE50FC3FFE17" bold="true" box="[889,922,451,475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">35.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4490A7FE50FB3CFE17" box="[930,1177,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB4490A7FE50FB30FE17" ID-CoL="3DNLN" box="[930,1173,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auropilosa">Exomalopsis auropilosa</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4491E6FE73FCA6FE34" bold="true" box="[739,771,480,504]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">36.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44900BFE72FC1CFE34" box="[782,953,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB44900BFE72FC11FE34" ID-CoL="6HMY7" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[782,948,480,504]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solidaginis">Exo. solidaginis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
FIGURES 37–40. Outer apical surface of right mandibles of mature larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB44902EFD88FBAFFDFF" ID-CoL="TZXP" authorityName="Toro" authorityYear="1976" box="[811,1034,539,563]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chilimalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44902EFD88FBAFFDFF" box="[811,1034,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chilimalopsis parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB449746FD88FC9AFD9C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB449746FD88FC9EFD9C" ID-CoL="55DT2" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Teratognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">Teratognatha modesta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
demonstrating both differences between the two taxa, and differences between predefecating and postdefecating stages of the same taxon resulting from wear.
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44973BFD03FB23FD64" bold="true" box="[1086,1158,656,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">37, 38.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44978AFD03FC37FD0A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB44978AFD03FC2BFD0A" ID-CoL="TZXP" authorityName="Toro" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chilimalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">Chilimalopsis parvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
pre- and postdefecating larva¸ respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB449060FD58FC09FD2F" bold="true" box="[869,940,715,739]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">39, 40.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4490B6FD58FB32FD2F" box="[947,1175,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB4490B6FD58FB36FD2F" ID-CoL="55DT2" box="[947,1171,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Teratognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">Teratognatha modesta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
pre- and postdefecating larva, respectively. Figures 37–40 to approximately same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB44939EFCE1FB6DFC1A" blockId="11.[155,1224,881,983]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC36AB44939EFCE1FB6DFC1A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
– Antennal papilla short, apically rounded, much shorter than basal diameter except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB449236FC04FE3FFC7C" ID-CoL="67FGM" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[307,410,919,945]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB449236FC04FE3FFC7C" box="[307,410,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which maxillary palpus clearly longer than antennal papilla; larger-bodied species......................................................... 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="8370019CDC36AB44937FFC78FB6DFAFC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB44937FFC78FB6DFB56" blockId="11.[122,1224,1003,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC36AB44937FFC78FB6DFB56" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
6(5). Mandibular cusp (figs. 41–44) narrow (i.e., lamellate) without planar surface, projecting basad of dorsal subapical tooth, its edge irregular except for large, thumblike spine rising from ventral side (figs. 41–44); mandibular apex slender in outer or inner view (fig. 42), its maximum subapical width only slightly greater than more basil width..........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB4490FEFB12FB6DFB56" ID-CoL="6GCN4" authorityName="Ogloblin" authorityYear="1956" box="[1019,1224,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eremapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4490FEFB12FB6DFB56" box="[1019,1224,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eremapis parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB44939EFB35FB6DFAFC" blockId="11.[122,1224,1003,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC36AB44939EFB35FB6DFAFC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">– Mandibular cusp broader (not lamellate) with planar surface having numerous spines basal to subapical tooth; mandibular apex broadening subapically in outer or inner view, its maximum subapical width broader than more basal width (figs. 38, 40)................................................................. 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="8370019CDC36AB44937FFAD7FB6DF945" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB44937FFAD7FB6DFA3F" blockId="11.[122,1224,1348,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC36AB44937FFAD7FB6DFA3F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
7(6). Mandibular apex rounded on postdefecating larva (fig. 38), not truncated; on predefecating larva (fig. 37), dorsal apical tooth large, extending well beyond smaller ventral tooth; salivary lips projecting more, faintly pigmented, wider; spines along ventral cuspal edge smaller, less sharply pointed; distribution
|
||
<collectingCountry id="409359A9DC36AB4493C5FA4AFF5AFA3F" box="[192,255,1497,1523]" name="Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
<superScript id="CFF1B471DC36AB4493FAFA4BFEADFA25" attach="left" box="[255,264,1496,1513]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</superScript>
|
||
....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB4490CEFA4AFB6DFA3F" ID-CoL="TZXP" authorityName="Toro" authorityYear="1976" box="[971,1224,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chilimalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4490CEFA4AFB6DFA3F" box="[971,1224,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chilimalopsis parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB44939EFA6CFB6DF945" blockId="11.[122,1224,1348,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC36AB44939EFA6CFB6DF945" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
– Mandible apex truncated, with dorsal apical angle not, or scarcely, exceeding ventral apical angle (figs. 39, 40); salivary lips less projecting, unpigmented, narrower; spines along ventral cuspal edge of mandible more robust and sharply pointed; distribution
|
||
<collectingCountry id="409359A9DC36AB4492B9F9FCFD97F945" box="[444,562,1647,1673]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB4490CDF9FCFB6DF945" ID-CoL="55DT2" box="[968,1224,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Teratognatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB4490CDF9FCFB6DF945" box="[968,1224,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Teratognatha modesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC36AB44937DF955FD1FF912" blockId="11.[120,698,1734,1758]" box="[120,698,1734,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<superScript id="CFF1B471DC36AB44937DF955FF25F918" attach="left" box="[120,128,1734,1748]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</superScript>
|
||
Another species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC36AB44924EF955FE74F912" ID-CoL="3MZS" box="[331,465,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chilimalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC36AB44924EF955FE74F912" box="[331,465,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chilimalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="409359A9DC36AB449148F955FD13F912" box="[589,694,1734,1758]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6CFB49B1DC31AB439388F9C3FC40F912" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4565823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4565823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4565823/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[141,242,1616,1640]" targetBox="[141,1204,224,1595]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC31AB439388F9C3FC40F912" blockId="12.[141,1204,1616,1758]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
FIGURES 41–44. SEM micrographs of right mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC31AB4391D9F9C2FC2BF9A4" ID-CoL="6GCN4" authorityName="Ogloblin" authorityYear="1956" box="[732,910,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eremapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC31AB4391D9F9C2FC2BF9A4" box="[732,910,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eremapis parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing presumed homologies of structures compared with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC31AB439134F9FDFCBEF94A" ID-CoL="6HMY7" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[561,795,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Exomalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solidaginis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC31AB439134F9FDFCBEF94A" box="[561,795,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Exomalopsis solidaginis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other exomalopsines.
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC31AB43972DF9FEFBEDF949" bold="true" box="[1064,1096,1645,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">41.</emphasis>
|
||
Mandibular apex, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC31AB439271F918FE31F96F" bold="true" box="[372,404,1675,1699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">42.</emphasis>
|
||
Entire mandible, inner view from direction of arrow in figure 5 slightly from above.
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC31AB4393D1F93BFF51F90C" bold="true" box="[212,244,1704,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">43.</emphasis>
|
||
Same, except viewed slightly from below, showing thinness of cuspal lamella and mandibular apex, as well as upturned apical concavity at apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC31AB439197F956FD17F911" bold="true" box="[658,690,1733,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">44.</emphasis>
|
||
Entire mandible ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<keyStep id="8370019CDC30AB42937FFF72FB6DFE7A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC30AB42937FFF72FB6DFE8A" blockId="13.[122,1224,225,439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC30AB42937FFF72FB6DFE8A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
8(5). Mandibular apex with dorsal tooth obtusely rounded, with notch separating it from rounded ventral tooth weak (fig. 32); both teeth subequal in length; when worn, apex becoming subtruncate and notch disappearing.......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC30AB429087FEBFFB6DFE8A" ID-CoL="5VFGW" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[898,1224,300,327]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completa" subGenus="Anthophorula">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB429087FEBFFC39FE8A" box="[898,924,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB4290ABFEBFFBEAFE8A" box="[942,1103,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anthophorula</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB429764FEBFFB6DFE8A" box="[1121,1224,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">completa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383B1939DC30AB42939EFEC1FB6DFE7A" blockId="13.[122,1224,225,439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<keyLead id="8375BA0CDC30AB42939EFEC1FB6DFE7A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
– Mandibular apex with both teeth acutely pointed (fig. 33); ventral tooth much shorter than dorsal tooth with notch between them well identified..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC30AB429156FE0FFC04FE7A" ID-CoL="5VFGX" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[595,929,412,439]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionura" subGenus="Anthophorisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB429156FE0FFDC8FE7A" box="[595,621,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB42917AFE0FFC83FE7A" box="[639,806,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anthophorisca</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB42903CFE0FFC04FE7A" box="[825,929,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">chionura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0AF0C52BDC30AB4290A4FE0FFB6DFE7A" box="[929,1224,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC30AB4290A8FE0FFB88FE7A" ID-CoL="5VFH8" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[941,1069,412,438]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consobrina">consobrina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC30AB42973FFE0EFB24FE7A" ID-CoL="67FGM" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1082,1153,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8462BADC30AB42978BFE0FFB6DFE7A" ID-CoL="67FGN" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1166,1224,412,438]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophorula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sidae">sidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |