Immatures of Exomalopsine Bees with Notes on Nesting Biology and a Tribal Key to Mature Larvae of Noncorbiculate, Nonparasitic Apinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Author Rozen, Jerome G. text American Museum Novitates 2011 2011-11-07 2011 3726 1 52 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/3726.2 journal article 7919 10.1206/3726.2 c50f5780-523a-40db-bade-2289eedfa11d 0003-0082 4565809 KEY TO SPECIES Of EXOMALOPSINI BASED ON MATURE LARVAE Although there are slight differences among species of the subgenus Anthophorisca as reflected in their descriptions, these features are of questionable value and are not incorporated in the key. Salivary lips of Teratognatha modesta are projecting but not as markedly so as in other cocoon spinning exomalopsines; for that reason, this species will run both ways at couplet 1. 1. Head capsule with salivary lips not projecting or at most only slightly so (non–cocoon spinning)....................................................... 2 – Head capsule with strongly projecting salivary lips (larval stage possibly cocoon spinning some time in annual life cycle)........................................ 5 2(1). Antennal papilla large, somewhat longer than basal diameter, and clearly longer than maxillary palpus; mandibular apex subtruncate with declivity between apical teeth shallow; lower edge of cusp bearing 5–6 very large spines.. Teratognatha modesta – Antennal papilla small, always shorter than basal diameter and shorter than maxillary palpus; mandibular apex terminating in two or three teeth separated by distinct declivities; spines of lower cuspal edge smaller, less conspicuous......... 3 3(2). Mandibular apex nearly parallel sided in outer or inner view (fig. 31), ending in two acutely pointed teeth; abdominal segment 10 without dorsolateral patch of spicules on each side......................... Anthophorula ( Isomalopsis ) uncicornis – Sides of mandibular apex broadly expanded in inner or outer view (figs. 32, 33), terminating in two or three teeth; if ending in two, these teeth obtusely rounded (figs. 6, 33); abdominal segment 10 with dorsolateral patch of spicules on each side... 4 4(3). Mandibular apex trifid (when unworn) (fig. 35); spiracular subatrium short, consisting of approximately 6 chambers...... Exo. ( Exomalopsis ) auropilosa and bruesi – Mandibular apex bifid; spiracular subatrium longer, consisting of approximately 12 chambers............................ Exo. ( Stilbomalopsis ) solani and solidaginis 5(1). Antennal papilla elongate, conical, about as long as basal diameter, and about as long as, or longer than, maxillary palpus; small-bodied species.................... 6 FIGURES 32–36. Apices of right mandibles of mature larvae of Exomalopsini outer surface, figures 32–36 to same scale, apical end toward bottom, showing variation in shape, as follows: 32. Anthophorula completa , 33. A. chionura , 34. A. uncicornis , 35. Exomalopsis auropilosa , and 36. Exo. solidaginis . FIGURES 37–40. Outer apical surface of right mandibles of mature larvae of Chilimalopsis parvula and Teratognatha modesta , demonstrating both differences between the two taxa, and differences between predefecating and postdefecating stages of the same taxon resulting from wear. 37, 38. Chilimalopsis parvula , pre- and postdefecating larva¸ respectively. 39, 40. Teratognatha modesta , pre- and postdefecating larva, respectively. Figures 37–40 to approximately same scale. – Antennal papilla short, apically rounded, much shorter than basal diameter except in A. nitens in which maxillary palpus clearly longer than antennal papilla; larger-bodied species......................................................... 8 6(5). Mandibular cusp (figs. 41–44) narrow (i.e., lamellate) without planar surface, projecting basad of dorsal subapical tooth, its edge irregular except for large, thumblike spine rising from ventral side (figs. 41–44); mandibular apex slender in outer or inner view (fig. 42), its maximum subapical width only slightly greater than more basil width.......................................... Eremapis parvula – Mandibular cusp broader (not lamellate) with planar surface having numerous spines basal to subapical tooth; mandibular apex broadening subapically in outer or inner view, its maximum subapical width broader than more basal width (figs. 38, 40)................................................................. 7 7(6). Mandibular apex rounded on postdefecating larva (fig. 38), not truncated; on predefecating larva (fig. 37), dorsal apical tooth large, extending well beyond smaller ventral tooth; salivary lips projecting more, faintly pigmented, wider; spines along ventral cuspal edge smaller, less sharply pointed; distribution Chile 3 .................................................... Chilimalopsis parvula – Mandible apex truncated, with dorsal apical angle not, or scarcely, exceeding ventral apical angle (figs. 39, 40); salivary lips less projecting, unpigmented, narrower; spines along ventral cuspal edge of mandible more robust and sharply pointed; distribution Argentina .............................. Teratognatha modesta 3 Another species of Chilimalopsis is found in Argentina . FIGURES 41–44. SEM micrographs of right mandible of Eremapis parvula showing presumed homologies of structures compared with those of Exomalopsis solidaginis and other exomalopsines. 41. Mandibular apex, ventral view. 42. Entire mandible, inner view from direction of arrow in figure 5 slightly from above. 43. Same, except viewed slightly from below, showing thinness of cuspal lamella and mandibular apex, as well as upturned apical concavity at apex. 44. Entire mandible ventral view. 8(5). Mandibular apex with dorsal tooth obtusely rounded, with notch separating it from rounded ventral tooth weak (fig. 32); both teeth subequal in length; when worn, apex becoming subtruncate and notch disappearing....... A. ( Anthophorula ) completa – Mandibular apex with both teeth acutely pointed (fig. 33); ventral tooth much shorter than dorsal tooth with notch between them well identified.............................. A. ( Anthophorisca ) chionura , consobrina , nitens , sidae