385 lines
52 KiB
XML
385 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="444A3F585F76D9DA3CCEE30675354382" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1SLASH10071" ID-CLB-Dataset="37116" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c70ca02d-ec00-4eaf-8527-d60d24db3f4c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293646" ID-ZooBank="76604CF1-A354-43F2-8715-4F7386B1519D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1486628362175" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas & Podeniene, Virginija" docDate="2017" docId="704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4231.1.1SLASH10071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4231 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limonia macrostigma Schummel 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="8C78FFD5E1500E6FFF8BFF871C36FFE8" masterDocTitle="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698436636466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="EE56642AED1D23D586B3B60C9534D6C0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="256D0FE19B3C23CB1979E125AD2BAA30">Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C79CD57A08C26E93EDA0DC752633839E">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8AD9E0D3930ABF0BE22C32BB4FB4F697">Podeniene, Virginija</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3BF80F96345344D3D6B7E0755FA107F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="916AF21D7374EE8AF58FBA0D2FB02749">
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<mods:date id="5A7D6137EA924039904855B285A477CF">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD6921B2AE3C2A2796133FB8A13E8CE5">4231</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CFAD65219DAC7C15930688AB746FF8B9">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6D4303C1D7442E827580479F85E819F8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127662791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="B0F26530E15F0E60FF1CF8BB1D18F890" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F85736BBE15F0E60FF1CF8BB1EBFF8BE" blockId="15.[151,649,1852,1912]" box="[151,649,1852,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="A31F81D7E15F0E60FF1CF8BB1EBFF8BE" bold="true" box="[151,649,1852,1878]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E15F0E60FF1CF8BB1EBFF8BE" ID-CoL="6QCQN" authority="Schummel, 1829" authorityName="Schummel" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,649,1852,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
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<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E15F0E60FF1CF8BB1EBFF8BE" bold="true" box="[151,649,1852,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E15F0E60FF1CF8BB1D97F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,417,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE15F0E60FE3BF8BB1EB7F8BE" author="Schummel" box="[432,641,1852,1878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Schummel, T. E. (1829) Beschreibung der in Schlesien einheimischen Arten einiger Dipteren-Gattungen. 1. Limnobia. Meigen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 1, 97 - 201." type="journal article" year="1829">Schummel, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F85736BBE15F0E60FF1CF8D81D18F890" blockId="15.[151,649,1852,1912]" box="[151,302,1887,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE15F0E60FF14F8D81D10F890" box="[159,294,1887,1912]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 24 – 27" captionStart-1="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1394,205,1926]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[169,1407,193,1940]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 24 – 27. Limonia macrostigma. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/311509/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 24–36</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E15F0E60FF1CF82F1EE1F833" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE15F0E60FF1CF82F1E7CF855" blockId="15.[151,727,1959,2012]" box="[151,586,1959,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F81195E15F0E60FF1CF82F1E7CF855" box="[151,586,1959,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E15F0E60FF1CF82F1E73F855" ID-CoL="72DXN" authority="Alexander, 1938: 134" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,581,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
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<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E15F0E60FF1CF82F1D54F855" box="[151,354,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limonia venerabilis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="794910AAE15F0E60FEE3F8201E73F855" author="Alexander" box="[360,581,1959,1981]" page="134" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1938">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE15F0E60FEE3F8201E25F855" author="Alexander" box="[360,531,1959,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1938) New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XL. Philippine Journal of Science, 67, 129 - 166." type="journal article" year="1938">Alexander, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 134
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE15F0E60FF1CF8401EE1F833" blockId="15.[151,727,1959,2012]" box="[151,727,1989,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F81195E15F0E60FF1CF8401EE1F833" box="[151,727,1989,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E15F0E60FF1CF8401E56F833" ID-CoL="6QCQN" authority="Savchenko, 1985: 167" authorityName="Savchenko" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,608,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
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<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E15F0E60FF1CF8401D43F834" box="[151,373,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="794910AAE15F0E60FEF0F8421E56F833" author="Savchenko" box="[379,608,1989,2011]" page="167" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1985">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE15F0E60FEF0F8421E1BF833" author="Savchenko" box="[379,557,1989,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1985) Komary-limoniidy [Limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae. Fauna Ukrainy, 14 (4), 1 - 180. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1985">Savchenko, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 167
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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; 1989: 333.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="AC976633E1400E7FFF1CF8301D25F804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311509/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[178,1394,205,1926]" targetPageId="16">
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||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1400E7FFF1CF8301D25F804" blockId="16.[151,1436,1975,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1400E7FFF1CF8301D60F825" bold="true" box="[151,342,1975,1998]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURES 24–27.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1400E7FFED5F83E1E09F826" box="[350,575,1977,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
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||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1400E7FFED5F83E1E09F826" box="[350,575,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<caption id="AC976633E1410E7EFF1CF8EF186EF832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" targetPageId="17">
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||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1410E7EFF1CF8EF186EF832" blockId="17.[151,1436,1896,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1410E7EFF1CF8EF1D62F895" bold="true" box="[151,340,1896,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURES 28–36.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1410E7EFED1F8EE1E0EF896" box="[346,568,1897,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
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<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1410E7EFED1F8EE1E0EF896" box="[346,568,1897,1918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28–33 after Lindner, 1959; 34–36 after Brindle, 1967.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1420E7DFF1CFF1019ABFE23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF1CFF101D34FED6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1420E7DFF1CFF101D01FF1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586602" collectingDate="1923-06" collectorName="A. Yankovsky & No" country="South Korea" location="Examined" municipality="Ompo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF1CFF101DBEFF58" bold="true" box="[151,392,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<location id="FD376060E1420E7DFF1CFF101D26FF58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C:FD376060E1420E7DFF1CFF101D26FF58" box="[151,272,151,176]" country="South Korea" municipality="Ompo" name="Examined" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Examined</location>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="27538819E1420E7DFE19FF101DCCFF58" box="[402,506,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1420E7DFDAFFF1E1F3EFF58" box="[548,776,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
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<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFDAFFF1E1F3EFF58" box="[548,776,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Limonia venerabilis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, male (genitalia, wing and leg slide mounted), N.
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||
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1420E7DFAD9FF1F19AEFF58" box="[1362,1432,152,176]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Corea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1833ACC1E1420E7DFF1CFF3B1CD6FF3C" box="[151,224,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ompo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 600’,
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||
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1420E7DFEB9FF3B1D4BFF3C" box="[306,381,188,212]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1923-06">
|
||
<date id="8C56107BE1420E7DFEB9FF3B1D4BFF3C" box="[306,381,188,212]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1923-06">VI–23</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
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||
, ’37 [1937],
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||
<collectorName id="551D536DE1420E7DFD9DFF3B1E8BFF3C" box="[534,701,187,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. Yankovsky</collectorName>
|
||
; metatype of
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||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1420E7DFCD7FF3B1FCFFF3C" box="[860,1017,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFCD7FF3B1FCFFF3C" box="[860,1017,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. venerabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, male (genitalia, wing and leg slide mounted),
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||
<collectorName id="551D536DE1420E7DFE9AFF671D01FF1F" box="[273,311,224,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">No</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1420E7DFEC8FF671FC5FF1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586606" box="[323,1011,222,247]" collectingDate="1922-06" collectorName="A. Yankovsky" country="South Korea" location="Seren Mts." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1420E7DFEC8FF671DBCFF1F" box="[323,394,224,247]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FD376060E1420E7DFE1DFF581E25FF1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C:FD376060E1420E7DFE1DFF581E25FF1F" box="[406,531,223,247]" country="South Korea" name="Seren Mts." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Seren Mts.</location>
|
||
, 3000’,
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1420E7DFDFBFF581E8DFF1F" box="[624,699,223,247]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1922-06">
|
||
<date id="8C56107BE1420E7DFDFBFF581E8DFF1F" box="[624,699,223,247]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1922-06">VI–22</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, ’38 [1938],
|
||
<collectorName id="551D536DE1420E7DFCC5FF581FC5FF1F" box="[846,1011,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. Yankovsky</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1420E7DFC74FF591D34FED6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586598" collectingDate="1938-06-12" collectingDateMax="1938-07-03" collectingDateMin="1938-06-12" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Yankovsky" country="North Korea" elevation="838" location="Seren Mts." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1420E7DFC74FF59186FFF1F" box="[1023,1113,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1420E7DFBEEFF5818F1FF1F" box="[1125,1223,222,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(pinned and slidemounted),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1420E7DFE98FE851D90FEF2" box="[275,422,258,283]" name="North Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">North Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FD376060E1420E7DFE3EFE841E02FEF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C:FD376060E1420E7DFE3EFE841E02FEF2" box="[437,564,259,283]" country="North Korea" name="Seren Mts." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Seren Mts.</location>
|
||
, altitudes from
|
||
<elevation id="73C5D188E1420E7DFD67FE841F91FEF3" box="[748,935,258,283]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" metricValueMax="10.668" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="ft" value="2750.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="2000.0">
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFD67FE841F91FEF3" box="[748,935,258,283]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" metricValueMax="10.668" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="ft" value="2750.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000 to 3500 ft</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
., from
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1420E7DFC71FE841926FEF3" box="[1018,1296,258,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1938-06-12" valueMax="1938-07-03" valueMin="1938-06-12">
|
||
<date id="8C56107BE1420E7DFC71FE841926FEF3" box="[1018,1296,258,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1938-06-12" valueMax="1938-07-03" valueMin="1938-06-12">June 12 to July 3, 1938</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="551D536DE1420E7DFA94FE8519AAFEF3" box="[1311,1436,258,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Yankovsky</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="9EF9AE7EE1420E7DFF14FEA11CC0FED6" box="[159,246,294,318]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFECE193EFE6D" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1420E7DFF4CFECE1DAEFE8A" author="Savchenko" box="[199,408,329,354]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1985) Komary-limoniidy [Limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae. Fauna Ukrainy, 14 (4), 1 - 180. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1985">Savchenko (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1420E7DFDD9FECD1F8CFE89" authority="Alexander, 1938" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1938" box="[594,954,329,354]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFDD9FECD1EC7FE8A" box="[594,753,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. venerabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1420E7DFD77FECE1F8CFE89" author="Alexander" box="[764,954,329,354]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1938) New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XL. Philippine Journal of Science, 67, 129 - 166." type="journal article" year="1938">Alexander, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1420E7DFB69FECD19A3FE89" box="[1250,1429,330,353]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFB69FECD19A3FE89" box="[1250,1429,330,353]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on that,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1420E7DFEB6FEE91DDAFE6C" box="[317,492,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFEB6FEE91DDAFE6C" box="[317,492,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was listed for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1420E7DFD31FEEB1F70FE6C" box="[698,838,364,389]" name="North Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">North Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1420E7DFCDEFEEB182DFE6D" author="Savchenko" box="[853,1051,364,389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1989) Limoniid crane flies of the USSR fauna. " Naukovaya Dumka ", Kiev, 378 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1989">Savchenko, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1420E7DFBACFEEB18CAFE6D" author="Oosterbroek" box="[1063,1276,364,389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Oosterbroek, P. (2016) Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW). Available from: http: // nlbif. eti. uva. nl / ccw / index. php (accessed 9 January 2017)" type="journal article" year="2016">Oosterbroek, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFE1719ABFE23" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF4CFE171D3DFE41" bold="true" box="[199,267,400,425]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFE90FE171D46FE40" box="[283,368,400,425]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 27" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[178,1394,205,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[169,1407,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 27. Limonia macrostigma. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). General body coloration brown. Male body length
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFC48FE17187BFE40" box="[963,1101,400,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="6.7">6.7–7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, that of female
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFB74FE17196EFE40" box="[1279,1368,400,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length of male
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFEB6FE331DE2FE23" box="[317,468,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="8.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="9.6" valueMax="10.3" valueMin="8.9">8.9–10.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, that of female
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFDF4FE331ED0FE23" box="[639,742,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="10.7">10.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wing extends distinctly beyond tip of abdomen in both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1420E7CFF4CFE5018ABFCFD" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFE501964FDDE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF4CFE501D32FE18" box="[199,260,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Brownish gray. Male antenna
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFDEBFE501F34FE07" box="[608,770,471,496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="1.85" valueMin="1.75">1.75–1.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, that of female
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFC62FE501879FE07" box="[1001,1103,471,496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.95">1.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 14-segmented. Antenna dark brown. Scape elongate, nearly cylindrical, pedicel short, oval. Basal flagellomeres oval, distal flagellomeres elongate, nearly cylindrical. Verticils twice as long as respective segments. Rostrum and palpus dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFDC61D68FBE1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF4CFDC61D2EFDB2" box="[199,280,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Cervical sclerite dark brown. Pronotum dark brown dorsally, somewhat lighter laterally. Mesonotal prescutum yellowish-reddish brown, with three wide dark brown longitudinal stripes and widely dark brown fronto-lateral margins. Median stripe sometimes posteriorly with narrow yellowish vitta. Some specimens with stripes reaching one another, thus nearly whole sclerite completely dark brown. Scutal lobe dark brown with pale median margin. Scutellum sometimes yellowish. Mediotergite dark brown. Pleuron generally dark brown, margins of sclerites yellowish. Wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFE6FFD741E00FCE4" box="[484,566,755,780]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 27" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[178,1394,205,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[169,1407,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 27. Limonia macrostigma. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) brownish with distinct brown stigma and without any dark markings. Veins brown. Venation:
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFEEDFC901DBFFCDB" box="[358,393,791,819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sc1</emphasis>
|
||
short, reaching to about one third of
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFCC3FC901F52FCC6" box="[840,868,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rs</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFCFEFC901FAEFCDB" box="[885,920,791,819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sc2</emphasis>
|
||
slightly beyond tip of
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFB22FC9018FAFCDB" box="[1193,1228,791,819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sc1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFB56FC9018CFFCC6" box="[1245,1273,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rs</emphasis>
|
||
long, slightly arcuate. Basal deflection of
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFE5BFCBA1E3CFCB1" box="[464,522,829,857]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CuA1</emphasis>
|
||
before branching point of
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFCBEFCB91F62FCBD" box="[821,852,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M.</emphasis>
|
||
Halter
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFC23FCBB1819FCBC" box="[936,1071,828,853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in male,
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFB5BFCBA1913FCBC" box="[1232,1317,829,853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female, dark brown with pale yellow base. Frontal coxa dark brown with reddish brown distal part, second and third pairs yellow, patterned with brown. Trochanters yellow. Femur brownish yellow with yellowish base and wide dark brown subapical ring. Tibia yellowish brown. Tarsus dark brown. Male femur I:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFB94FC2E1890FC29" box="[1055,1190,937,962]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.199999999999999" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.199999999999999" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="5.1">5.1–5.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, II:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFA85FC2E19AEFC29" box="[1294,1432,937,962]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.4" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, III:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFF48FC4A1D78FC0D" box="[195,334,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.55" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tibia I:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFE25FC4A1E0FFC0D" box="[430,569,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.85" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.8">6.8–6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, II: 6.0–
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFD11FC4A1EC5FC0D" box="[666,755,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, III:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFCA7FC4A1F81FC0D" box="[812,951,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.9" valueMax="7.3" valueMin="6.5">6.5–7.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tarsus I:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFBACFC4A1887FC0D" box="[1063,1201,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.4">6.4–6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, II:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFB6AFC49195DFC0D" box="[1249,1387,973,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="4.9">4.9–6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, III:
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFF1CFC771D28FBE0" box="[151,286,1008,1033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.95" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.4">5.4–6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFB931DBFFAEA" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF4CFB931D0EFBC5" box="[199,312,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Dark brown. Distal margins of tergites brownish yellow. Proximal sternites brownish-yellow in male, female sternites usually entirely yellow. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFCE2FBB01F88FBB8" box="[873,958,1079,1104]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 27" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[178,1394,205,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[169,1407,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 27. Limonia macrostigma. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
) light brown. Ninth tergum with shallow emargination at posterior margin. Gonocoxite with large setose ventromesal lobe. Gonostylus elongate, setose, widened at base, distal part turns narrower towards apex, slightly arcuate. Paramere wide at base, distal part long and slender with blackened apex. Penis comparatively long, reaching distinctly beyond distal margin of gonocoxite. Ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFE3BFB421E33FB36" box="[432,517,1221,1246]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 27" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[178,1394,205,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[169,1407,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 27. Limonia macrostigma. 24: male, general view; 25: wing; 26: male genitalia, dorsal view; 27: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
) brownish yellow with dark brown subbasal spots. Cercus narrow and slightly arched, blunt-apexed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFA8B1D48FA67" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF4CFA8B1D21FACD" bold="true" box="[199,279,1292,1317]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1420E7DFEF8FA8A1DD9FACC" box="[371,495,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Abdominal segments II–VII with dorsal and ventral creeping welts, first abdominal segment with ventral creeping welt only. Creeping welts with brown spines, arranged into longitudinal rows. First thoracic and abdominal segments II–VIII wider than longer. Second and third thoracic and first abdominal segments very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1420E7DFF4CFA1D1F47F802" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1420E7DFF4CFA1D1D54FA5B" box="[199,354,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
. Oval in shape, depressed dorsoventrally and slightly reduced, dorsal suture reaches only one third of head capsule lenght (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFE6DFA3A1E45FA3E" box="[486,627,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 28, 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum elongate-oval with numerous sensory structures: long seta in the middle of anterior part, small papilla and long seta next to it; sensory circle area with three sensory papilae inside it and two separate sensory pits located nearby posterio-lateral side of labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFBEEF983188DF9F5" box="[1125,1211,1540,1565]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus distinctly divided from labrum, consisting of sclerotised narrow postclypeus and membranous wide preclypeus (preclypeus with anterio-lateral projection). A long seta located nearby anterio-lateral side of clypeus. Frons separated from clypeus and fused with internolateralia, wide, T-shaped. Three sensory pits and long seta near the base of antenna. Five sensory pits below the base of antenna. Caudal end of head capsule tridentate. Basal segment of antenna cylindrical, more than three times as long as wide, with few very short sensory structures apically. Apical segment short, button-shaped. Sensory pit located at one third of basal segment‘s length. Mandible conus-shaped, with three large similar in shape and size apical teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFD0CF97A1EEDF8FD" box="[647,731,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
), three smaller triangular teeth on ventral side and small blunt tooth on dorsal side. Maxilla well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFD12F8A71ED8F8D1" box="[665,750,1824,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
); stipes and galea large and similar in size. Stipes: apical part with short setae; button shaped apical papilla with sensory structures on the apex. Galea: basal part sclerotised; sensory papilla on inner margin of ventral sclerite; apical part covered with short setae, large sensory papilla (with small sensory structures inside) on apical part. Cardo large, wedge shaped; large pore located near inner margin and two setae (one short and one long) near outer margin of sclerite. Hypopharynx and prementum dentated. Hypostoma bears 9 teeth, middle tooth most prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1420E7DFC9BF8561F52F802" box="[784,868,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFF101EF2FEA8" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFF101D6DFF58" box="[199,347,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anal division</emphasis>
|
||
. Spiracular lobes reduced. Spiracular field trapezoidal and fringed with short firm setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1430E7CFAB7FF1019B9FF58" box="[1340,1423,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
), it bears two pairs of sclerites (dorsal and ventral). Dorsal sclerite elongated, extending to and encircling spiracle, heavily sclerotised. Three setae located on dorsal margin of spiracular field. Ventral sclerite large, triangularly shaped, heavily sclerotised. It bears two short setae apically. Spiracle oblong and placed obliquely. Anal field consists of two pairs of white, blunt anal papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFECB1DD9FD88" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFECB1D3BFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,269,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1430E7CFEDCFECB1DD5FE8C" box="[343,483,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="9.45" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="9.1">9.1–9.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1430E7CFDCDFECB1EDCFE8C" box="[582,746,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="11.35" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="10.8">10.8–11.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Abdomen yellowish brown. Head, thorax, wings, legs and terminal segment darker than the rest of the body. Head with cephalic crest absent. Surface smooth. Antennal sheaths short, only slightly extending beyond base of wing. Thorax: pronotal horns flattened, horn twice as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1430E7CFF6BFE301D0EFE38" box="[224,312,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum of thorax smooth. Abdomen: segments III–VII with dorsal and ventral creeping welts. Surface of abdominal segments smooth. Male terminalia with short anterior and posterios spines, dorsum of terminal segment with additional large finger-shaped outgroove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1430E7CFCF0FE781FE6FDF0" box="[891,976,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female terminalia elongate, sheaths of cerci longer than valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1430E7CFE31FDA31E27FDD5" box="[442,529,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[179,1397,229,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[156,1426,217,1866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 36. Limonia macrostigma. 28: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, dorsal aspect; 29: head capsule of last instar larva, general view, ventral aspect; 30: clypeus and labrum, dorsal view; 31: left mandible, dorsal view; 32: hypostoma, ventral view; 33: spiracular field; 34: pronotal horn of pupa, lateral view; 35: male pupa terminalia, lateral view; 33: female pupa terminalia, lateral view. 28 – 33 after Lindner, 1959; 34 – 36 after Brindle, 1967." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311514/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cercus bears small apical spine. Dorsum of terminal segment with additional large finger-shaped outgroove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFDEB18DAFD6C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1260,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1430E7CFF4CFDEB18DAFD6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586603" box="[199,1260,620,645]" country="South Korea" elevation="600" location="Elevation" municipality="Adults" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="900">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFDEB1DCCFD6D" bold="true" box="[199,506,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location id="FD376060E1430E7CFF4CFDEB1D0FFD6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE15F0E7CFF1CF8BB1DCCFC4C:FD376060E1430E7CFF4CFDEB1D0FFD6D" box="[199,313,620,645]" country="South Korea" municipality="Adults" name="Elevation" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Elevation</location>
|
||
range in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1430E7CFE22FDEB1DC3FD6D" box="[425,501,620,645]" name="South Korea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1833ACC1E1430E7CFD8AFDEB1E7AFD6D" box="[513,588,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Adults</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
were collected at altitudes from
|
||
<elevation id="73C5D188E1430E7CFC30FDEB1834FD6C" box="[955,1026,620,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="600.0">
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1430E7CFC30FDEB1834FD6C" box="[955,1026,620,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
to more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1430E7CFB16FDEB18DAFD6C" box="[1181,1260,620,644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="73C5D188E1430E7CFB16FDEB18D1FD6C" box="[1181,1255,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="900.0">
|
||
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1430E7CFB16FDEB18D1FD6C" box="[1181,1255,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFD081955FD40" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1379,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFD081DAFFD40" bold="true" box="[199,409,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Period of activity.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults are active and on the wing from the middle of June through the middle of July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFD3318A3FD18" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFD331D1CFD25" bold="true" box="[199,298,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
It is most abundant in moist habitats, especially forested areas, near water bodies, but could be found also in wet meadows and swamps. Larvae and pupae develop in leaf litter and rotten wood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFD7B18ABFCFD" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1181,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFD7B1DF5FCFD" bold="true" box="[199,451,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">General distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widely distributed in the whole Palearctic and Oriental Regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1430E7CFF4CFC981DCCFC4C" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1430E7CFF4CFC981DCCFC4C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFF4CFC981D7AFCD0" bold="true" box="[199,332,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
No differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1430E7CFDF9FCA61832FCD0" authority="Schummel, 1829" authorityName="Schummel" authorityYear="1829" box="[626,1028,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFDF9FCA61F13FCD0" box="[626,805,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1430E7CFCBCFC981FCAFCD0" author="Schummel" box="[823,1020,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Schummel, T. E. (1829) Beschreibung der in Schlesien einheimischen Arten einiger Dipteren-Gattungen. 1. Limnobia. Meigen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 1, 97 - 201." type="journal article" year="1829">Schummel, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="27538819E1430E7CFBE4FC9818E7FCD0" box="[1135,1233,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1430E7CFB75FCA61D52FCB4" authority="Alexander, 1938" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFB75FCA619AAFCD0" box="[1278,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. venerabilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1430E7CFF15FCC31D6DFCB4" author="Alexander" box="[158,347,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1938) New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XL. Philippine Journal of Science, 67, 129 - 166." type="journal article" year="1938">Alexander, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found. Thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1430E7CFDB2FCC21EE2FCB5" box="[569,724,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFDB2FCC21EE2FCB5" box="[569,724,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. venerabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confirmed as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1430E7CFBF7FCC2191DFCB4" box="[1148,1323,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFBF7FCC2191DFCB4" box="[1148,1323,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as it was suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1430E7CFEBDFCE01E3EFC68" author="Savchenko" box="[310,520,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1985) Komary-limoniidy [Limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae. Fauna Ukrainy, 14 (4), 1 - 180. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1985">Savchenko (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but synonymy was not certain at that time, because Savchenko was unable to study the
|
||
<typeStatus id="27538819E1430E7CFE8FFC0A1D02FC4D" box="[260,308,909,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1430E7CFED2FC0A1DC5FC4D" box="[345,499,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1430E7CFED2FC0A1DC5FC4D" box="[345,499,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. venerabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |