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<document id="F2680C1B5D83FF068FEB7CDF8C84F266" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1SLASH10071" ID-CLB-Dataset="37116" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c70ca02d-ec00-4eaf-8527-d60d24db3f4c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293646" ID-ZooBank="76604CF1-A354-43F2-8715-4F7386B1519D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1486628362175" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas &amp; Podeniene, Virginija" docDate="2017" docId="704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4231.1.1SLASH10071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4231 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limonia episema Alexander 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="8C78FFD5E1500E6FFF8BFF871C36FFE8" masterDocTitle="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698436636466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="920A2D514C54753826454C616E6E241E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="722EAA1DE7F9D33D58463D0FE0E3D725">
<mods:title id="4B03723CA4222817E0FCE59A7B7867CD">Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DBF051BCB03642CC297FA4703DEBD24B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7479629DD9736C879077C2C5093D6BC6">
<mods:roleTerm id="0BE2FADF50D9A9F8B617366B2C30DCC7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DD050495748F55786714FEAB1D006E34">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F7FC14B332D3BCE5C16FB37A1476E767" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FFADA4BB9AB52F3DF61CA1BDE0CAD10A">
<mods:roleTerm id="554E8A78B51A8F579AE9BA8BF0D9EDB4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="48602866CEC8125AD821AE8A4AAA1E8B">Podeniene, Virginija</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7DDAD885F28849C2DDCDC9DBDA5AB75C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A568C2A57096FA1AF4A3883948CE7AE1" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BFF5A67BF6DD88B22EEB643D53D4153B">
<mods:title id="AEF620F4EBD2FC0335FB17E7738DEFCD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="80259BB373DEA385F10B5FDD734CA6F5">
<mods:date id="ED9B649CC7A37D1CCA85560686463F67">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D68562DB479F577A2915A3704AAF7619" type="volume">
<mods:number id="08D67DD007E482034A101CA520332AF6">4231</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="90B511C864F494180B09D6DD30E9F3E9" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E69BBD7490FD76DD589767B68E145AD8">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C1416A7CEEF865DCE8B4CC5ACC6C26AB" unit="page">
<mods:start id="04E8B2A37F690C139F3368419DBF547F">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4597AA6098CA3C4D7B29A6F600121390">37</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="9653A8DDA3DA04E9345C0F8CBCA02B87">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EB78DCB59A5E0854C00203A31B66B232" type="CLB-Dataset">37116</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2AA65BF7950314E8CC6AF73BE20BDAD7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1EF7E534CB7DEFF4E360A9A8EF53F6A0" type="GBIF-Dataset">c70ca02d-ec00-4eaf-8527-d60d24db3f4c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EC76B6AE0808291A4B57CB62067F72DC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="49F4B7E2B5E5944DEFB58790A833BF06" type="Zenodo-Dep">293646</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BCC8B101608CBA1890C99B8528CB89DA" type="ZooBank">76604CF1-A354-43F2-8715-4F7386B1519D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620689" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127662794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620689" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1590E66FF1CFD7B1D16FCDF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF1CFD7B1E01FCFE" blockId="9.[151,567,764,823]" box="[151,567,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="A31F81D7E1590E66FF1CFD7B1E01FCFE" bold="true" box="[151,567,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1590E66FF1CFD7B1E01FCFE" ID-CoL="6QCQX" authority="Alexander, 1924" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,567,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episema">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF1CFD7B1E01FCFE" bold="true" box="[151,567,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF1CFD7B1D51FCFE" bold="true" box="[151,359,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limonia episema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1590E66FEE5FD7B1E01FCFE" author="Alexander" box="[366,567,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1924) New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science, 24, 531 - 611." type="journal article" year="1924">Alexander, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF1CFC991D16FCDF" blockId="9.[151,567,764,823]" box="[151,288,798,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
(
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1590E66FF14FC991D2EFCDF" box="[159,280,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,379,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,365,1509]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Limonia episema. 9: wing; 10: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311503/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1590E66FF1CFCEF1E1BFC94" box="[151,557,870,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF1CFCEF1E1BFC94" blockId="9.[151,557,870,893]" box="[151,557,870,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F81195E1590E66FF1CFCEF1E1BFC94" box="[151,557,870,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="3FE84D38E1590E66FF1CFCEF1E1FFC94" ID-CoL="6QCQX" authority="Alexander, 1924: 551" authorityName="Alexander" authorityPageNumber="551" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,553,870,893]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episema">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF1CFCEF1D73FC95" box="[151,325,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limonia episema</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="794910AAE1590E66FEC0FCE11E1FFC94" author="Alexander" box="[331,553,870,892]" page="551" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE1590E66FEC0FCE11DC1FC94" author="Alexander" box="[331,503,870,892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1924) New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science, 24, 531 - 611." type="journal article" year="1924">Alexander, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 551
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1590E66FF1CFC2E1D09FA9A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF1CFC2E1F46FBBA" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1590E66FF1CFC2E1D72FC0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586587" collectingDate="1922-07-23" collectionCode="USNM" country="Japan" county="Teiso Esaki" location="Toyohava" municipality="Saghalien" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF1CFC2E1DB1FC2A" bold="true" box="[151,391,937,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Examined material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="27538819E1590E66FE1BFC2D1DC4FC2A" box="[400,498,938,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1590E66FE71FC2D1E6BFC2A" box="[506,605,937,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(slide-mounted wing),
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1590E66FCE2FC2D1F9AFC29" box="[873,940,938,961]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="FD376060E1590E66FC32FC2E181CFC2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8:FD376060E1590E66FC32FC2E181CFC2A" box="[953,1066,937,962]" country="Japan" county="Teiso Esaki" municipality="Saghalien" name="Toyohava" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Toyohava</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1833ACC1E1590E66FBBCFC2E189EFC2A" box="[1079,1192,937,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Saghalien</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1590E66FB3EFC2E1965FC2A" box="[1205,1363,937,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1922-07-23">
<date id="8C56107BE1590E66FB3EFC2E1965FC2A" box="[1205,1363,937,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1922-07-23">July 23, 1922</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectingCounty id="11364E37E1590E66FAEBFC2E1CE3FC0E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Teiso Esaki</collectingCounty>
(
<collectionCode id="9EF9AE7EE1590E66FF6EFC491D0AFC0E" box="[229,316,974,998]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1590E66FEDAFC491FD0FC0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586577" box="[337,998,973,998]" country="North Korea" elevation="1128" location="Seren Mts." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1590E66FEDAFC491D85FC0E" box="[337,435,973,998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(pinned),
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1590E66FDA1FC4A1E8DFC0D" box="[554,699,973,998]" name="North Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">North Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="FD376060E1590E66FD4CFC491F73FC0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8:FD376060E1590E66FD4CFC491F73FC0D" box="[711,837,974,998]" country="North Korea" name="Seren Mts." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Seren Mts.</location>
, [alt.]
<elevation id="73C5D188E1590E66FC04FC491FD0FC0E" box="[911,998,973,998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1277599999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="3700.0">
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FC04FC491FD0FC0E" box="[911,998,973,998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1277599999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="3700.0">3700 ft</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
.,
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1590E66FC7CFC491FD6FBE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586571" collectingDate="1930-06" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Yankovsky" country="North Korea" elevation="1676" location="Kankyo Nando" municipality="Puksu Pyaksan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1590E66FC7CFC491877FC0E" box="[1015,1089,974,998]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1930-06">
<date id="8C56107BE1590E66FC7CFC491877FC0E" box="[1015,1089,974,998]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1930-06">VI–30</date>
</collectingDate>
, 1938,
<collectorName id="551D536DE1590E66FB1EFC4A1924FC0E" box="[1173,1298,973,998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Yankovsky</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="9EF9AE7EE1590E66FAA9FC49194FFC0E" box="[1314,1401,974,998]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1590E66FA05FC491CD5FBE2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(pinned),
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1590E66FEDCFC761DD0FBE1" box="[343,486,1009,1034]" name="North Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">North Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="FD376060E1590E66FE7AFC761EA8FBE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8:FD376060E1590E66FE7AFC761EA8FBE2" box="[497,670,1009,1034]" country="North Korea" municipality="Puksu Pyaksan" name="Kankyo Nando" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kankyo Nando</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1833ACC1E1590E66FD21FC761F63FBE2" box="[682,853,1009,1034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Puksu Pyaksan</collectingMunicipality>
, alt.
<elevation id="73C5D188E1590E66FC01FC761FD6FBE2" box="[906,992,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="5500.0">
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FC01FC761FD6FBE2" box="[906,992,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="5500.0">5500 ft</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
.,
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1590E66FC7BFC761EC7FBC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586574" collectingDate="1925-06" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="A. Yankovsky" country="South Korea" elevation="914" location="Chonsani" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1590E66FC7BFC76180CFBE2" box="[1008,1082,1009,1034]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1925-06">
<date id="8C56107BE1590E66FC7BFC76180CFBE2" box="[1008,1082,1009,1034]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1925-06">VI–25</date>
</collectingDate>
, 1939,
<collectorName id="551D536DE1590E66FB00FC75191CFBE2" box="[1163,1322,1009,1034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. Yankovsky</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="9EF9AE7EE1590E66FAB2FC7519A6FBE2" box="[1337,1424,1010,1034]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1590E66FF1CFB911CCEFBC6" box="[151,248,1045,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(pinned), N.
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1590E66FE1AFB911DECFBC5" box="[401,474,1046,1069]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="FD376060E1590E66FE6EFB921E64FBC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8:FD376060E1590E66FE6EFB921E64FBC6" box="[485,594,1045,1070]" country="South Korea" name="Chonsani" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chonsani</location>
, [alt.]
<elevation id="73C5D188E1590E66FD10FB911EC7FBC6" box="[667,753,1045,1070]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FD10FB911EC7FBC6" box="[667,753,1045,1070]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
.,
<materialsCitation id="48803CE6E1590E66FC89FB911E36FBBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427586590" collectingDate="1940-06-07" collectorName="Yankovsky" country="South Korea" elevation="1219" location="Pontani Paiktusan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingDate id="9C12E993E1590E66FC89FB911FB3FBC6" box="[770,901,1046,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1940-06-07">
<date id="8C56107BE1590E66FC89FB911FB3FBC6" box="[770,901,1046,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1940-06-07">VI–7–1940</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="551D536DE1590E66FC42FB92187CFBC6" box="[969,1098,1045,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Yankovsky</collectorName>
;
<specimenCount id="EEEEFD32E1590E66FBDEFB911881FBC6" box="[1109,1207,1045,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(pinned), N.
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1590E66FADBFB9119AFFBC5" box="[1360,1433,1046,1069]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Korea</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="FD376060E1590E66FF1CFBBE1D55FBBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:704187ADE1590E65FF1CFD7B1EBFFEA8:FD376060E1590E66FF1CFBBE1D55FBBA" box="[151,355,1081,1106]" country="South Korea" name="Pontani Paiktusan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pontani Paiktusan</location>
, [alt.]
<elevation id="73C5D188E1590E66FE20FBBD1E36FBBA" box="[427,512,1081,1106]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="4000.0">
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FE20FBBD1E36FBBA" box="[427,512,1081,1106]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 ft</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
.,
<date id="8C56107BE1590E66FD9BFBBE1E9CFBBA" box="[528,682,1081,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1940-07-25">VII–25–1940</date>
, coll. Yankovsky.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF4CFBDA1E86FB72" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
General body coloration brownish yellow. Female body length
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FC24FBDA187CFB9D" box="[943,1098,1117,1142]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="8.5">8.5–10.5 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FB64FBD919AFFB9D" box="[1263,1433,1118,1142]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0899999999999999" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.01" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="10.899999999999999" valueMax="11.7" valueMin="10.1">10.1–11.7 mm</quantity>
. Wing reaches distinctly beyond tip of abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF4CFB221D09FA9A" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF4CFB221D32FB56" box="[199,260,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head</emphasis>
. Dark brown, dusted with gray, posterior margin dorsally narrowly rusty brown. Female antenna
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FAC3FB211CF5FB09" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.4 mm</quantity>
long, 14-segmented. Scape elongate, brownish. Pedicel oval, obscure yellow. Basal flagellomere yellow with brownish distal margin. Few terminal flagellomeres dark brown, intermediate flagellomeres dark brown with obscure yellow base. Segments covered with dense whitish pubescence. Verticils about 2.5 times as long as respective segments. Rostrum semi polished, dark brown with black spot dorso-basally, palpus black, labella grayish brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0F26530E1590E65FF4CFAFA1EBFFEA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF4CFAFA1839F8C1" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF4CFAFA1D2EFA7E" box="[199,280,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum dark brown dorsally, obscure yellow laterally. Mesonotal prescutum semi-polished, brownish-yellow with three dark brown longitudinal stripes. Median stripe getting narrower posteriorly, not reaching suture. Scutal lobe brown with yellow postero-lateral angle. Scutellum and mediotergite brownish yellow. Pleuron obscure yellow with brownish areas at the middle of episternum and ventral part of katepisternum. Wing (
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1590E66FF14F98A1CD2F9CE" box="[159,228,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,379,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,365,1509]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Limonia episema. 9: wing; 10: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311503/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) yellowish. Very small brown spots at base of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FD71F9891F20F9CD" box="[762,790,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rs</emphasis>
, tip of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FCE0F9891FBBF9C2" box="[875,909,1550,1578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sc2</emphasis>
and tip of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FB87F9891813F9C2" box="[1036,1061,1550,1578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R1</emphasis>
. Stigma light, but surrounded by brownish margin. Veins brown, except yellowish
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FD4AF9B21EEAF9A4" box="[705,732,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sc</emphasis>
. Venation:
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FCD7F9B21F48F9B9" box="[860,894,1589,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sc1</emphasis>
reaching to about middle of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FB49F9B218E8F9A4" box="[1218,1246,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rs</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FB67F9B21938F9B9" box="[1260,1294,1589,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sc2</emphasis>
at tip of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FAF8F9B219A3F9B9" box="[1395,1429,1589,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sc1</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF1CF9DB1C85F99B" box="[151,179,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rs</emphasis>
medium long, slightly arched. Basal deflection of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FC8BF9DB1F0CF990" box="[768,826,1628,1656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CuA1</emphasis>
slightly before branching point of
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FB5BF9DB18C6F99B" box="[1232,1264,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M.</emphasis>
Stem of halter yellowish at base, brownish at apex, knob brown. Female halter
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long. Coxae brownish yellow, trochanters yellow. Femora yellow, distally with two distinct dark brown rings preceded by yellow areas, middle of femur slightly darkened. Tibiae yellowish brown, distal part narrowly darkened. Tarsomeres brown, except yellowish base of basal tarsomere. Female femur I:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FD55F96A1F5EF8ED" box="[734,872,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="6.4" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="5.7">5.7–7.1 mm</quantity>
, II:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FC1DF96A1FD9F8ED" box="[918,1007,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
, III:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FBADF96A1886F8ED" box="[1062,1200,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
; tibia I:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FA85F96A19AEF8ED" box="[1294,1432,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.35" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="8.1">8.1–8.6 mm</quantity>
, II: 7.9–8.0 mm, III:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FEFCF8951E34F8C1" box="[375,514,1810,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.25" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="7.8">7.8–8.7 mm</quantity>
; tarsus I:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FDE6F8951EF3F8C1" box="[621,709,1810,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
, II:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FD79F8961F7CF8C1" box="[754,842,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
, III:
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FC0AF896183DF8C1" box="[897,1035,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="6.9" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.6">6.6–7.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF4CF8B218B1F87D" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF4CF8B21D07F8A6" box="[199,305,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Brown to dark brown, caudal margins yellowish. Basal sternite yellow, two succeeding sternites yellowish brown. Ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="60D32A3EE1590E66FE65F8DE1E77F89A" box="[494,577,1881,1906]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1516,1539]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,379,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,365,1509]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Limonia episema. 9: wing; 10: ovipositor, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311503/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) yellowish brown, base of cercus and hypovalva marked with dark brown. Cercus long and narrow, slightly arched. Hypovalva reaching to about one third of cercus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF4CF826191DF851" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" box="[199,1323,1953,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF4CF8261DCCF852" bold="true" box="[199,506,1953,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Elevation range in
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE1590E66FE22F8261DC3F852" box="[425,501,1953,1978]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Adults were collected at altitudes ranging from
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FB93F8251869F851" box="[1048,1119,1954,1978]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
to nearly
<quantity id="3F109B5EE1590E66FB44F8251911F851" box="[1231,1319,1954,1978]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE1590E66FF4CF8421855F836" blockId="9.[151,1437,937,2014]" box="[199,1123,1989,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E1590E66FF4CF8421DAFF836" bold="true" box="[199,409,1989,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Period of activity.</emphasis>
Adults are active and on the wing through entire June and July.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE15A0E65FF4CFF101CDEFF10" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E15A0E65FF4CFF101D1CFF58" bold="true" box="[199,298,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Habitat.</emphasis>
Information for the habitat of this species in
<collectingCountry id="80FF762BE15A0E65FCA9FF1F1F50FF47" box="[802,870,152,175]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Korea</collectingCountry>
is unavailable.
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE15A0E65FB9DFF101919FF58" box="[1046,1327,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Yadamsuren, O., Hayford, B., Gelhaus, J., Ariuntsetseg, L., Goulden, C., Podenas, S. &amp; Podeniene, V. (2015) Declines in diversity of crane flies (Diptera: Tipuloidea) indicate impact from grazing by livestock in the Hovsgol region of Mongolia. Journal of Insect Conservation, 19, 465 - 477." type="journal article">Yadamsuren et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
mentions that species develops in wet soils,
<bibRefCitation id="9C794B4AE15A0E65FDA7FF3B1ECAFF3C" author="Savchenko" box="[556,764,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1983) Limoniidae of South Primorye. Akademiy Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1 - 156. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1983">Savchenko (1983)</bibRefCitation>
writes that this species is flying in mixed and coniferous woods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F85736BBE15A0E65FF4CFE831EBFFEA8" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="CA9CEAA9E15A0E65FF4CFE831DF2FEF5" bold="true" box="[199,452,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">General distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known from the Far East of Russia, Mongolia and Japan, and recorded here from the Korean Peninsula for the first time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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