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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="5998" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ab2700-b888-4721-b7c1-fcb2d0bb38b2" ID-PMC="PMC8233300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1045-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" ID-PubMed="34228772" ID-ZooBank="2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1045-1" checkinTime="1624048151249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. &amp; Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2021" docId="27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1045: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1045" docPubDate="2021-06-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" docTitle="Crucisternum Giron &amp; Short 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" masterDocTitle="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732682494875" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="90CEB92A2769D1ED1C6B7F30223874DF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="14FCF16336315E64F04A63711DB0ED94">
<mods:title id="F845C3168345C2435361EDFEA64F9D77">The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69AFE9EE47B37D15712C6C915EB4C9B2">Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6A528D4B6CB1A4C78193DE7297F38571" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C9E4B13FD1225C6F208E416859E7580E">Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA &amp; Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E6EAC6F94911384697CF2DF04863D40" type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="91BA1C5A3CDF987084396C7C85CC583B">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CF0D72A9AD01F398037AC5BD04D6608A">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="C88CB86E5DC71E9B68DF724C0E2F74E6">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3BA3B07E266B6B76323D76C5AA01F857">1045</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="090B6302112364F6799DBDBFB6F45C51">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B8CA428BD9100C4773E8159FC3AC7E78" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182959281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Hydrophilidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Acidocerinae">
<subSubSection id="0FF3A9E955A38D83AC556A0D82BC44A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F65FC02DDA1CAD55563FD814BD6F4905" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="913EF2D6E8EF8D259F52BFC30AC00FDA" ID-CoL="8XKMQ" authority="Giron &amp; Short, 2018" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Crucisternum
<normalizedToken id="05DF17A08FA79496CB4391C957D868F0" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2018
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="546694629F3293829C5E98CBDA14BA71" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1Q</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3E476A7211004D6674235A20F529418E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of the Acidocerinae simplified from Short et al. (2021), indicating the distribution, preferred habitat, and currently described number of species for each genus. For habitat, filled black circles indicate that at least some species of the genus are commonly found in this habitat; light grey circles indicate the genus has been found in this habitat, but is rare or not typical for the group; white circles indicate no species have been recorded for the genus in this habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5AF09C46C13B460D384C4862E7B073D1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, Globulosis, Helobata, Helochares, Helopeltarium, Katasophistes, and Nanosaphes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="00A1FBCDEA9B0329A9D44C0EFC51C370" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of thorax in ventral view A, B prosternum: A Tobochares striatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection B Quadriops reticulatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection C-G mesoventrite and metaventrite: C Crucisternum ouboteri with white arrows pointing to anteriorly pointed transverse ridge and longitudinal carina of mesoventrite, metaventrite with median glabrous patch D Nanosaphes tricolor with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrows pointing to median and postero-lateral glabrous patches of metaventrite E Quadriops reticulatus with black arrow pointing to transverse carina across mesoventrite and metaventrite uniformly pubescent F Tobochares communis with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to narrow postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite G Tobochares kasikasima with black arrow pointing to transverse elevation across mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to broad postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557413" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 14C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0AD2620684C1E66E74E683829281C7E5" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B6B51DC840D2D514544306752158AF7C" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Aedeagi of Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, and Globulosis spp. A C. ouboteri B C. toboganensis C C. sinuatus D C. vanessae E C. queneyi F E. teli G E. spiculatus H E. ogmos I E. minor J G. flavus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9DB29CD314364BDD3651BE30265DA76" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0C98EDA8C181CBDEE31E059920315677" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="18556668E231AF234EF4F1E5A8694064" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crucisternum</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="D2553508CA55CA31568254622B099A7F" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2018: 116.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E92FA97E45D8F4D00A849F63A933F00" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
<paragraph id="084FB8B6AF8EDE55C4164D052F63B006" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C91ABB18C290B52F3DD949970B0D217" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A946DDA0FCDCC7311D8E3FF4EE2C151" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph id="ACD4C2953D850F0E0BF775F2CB1F8DB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F6A55F94E7558488F12EF84565E63B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A6CEBB4D0D13D1730500133A7AA89972" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum ouboteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis id="CB5117FE9EA262F51C8A19F6ECA5B092" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="72F2BF26F1B4E953C8548DA555059BF0" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2018: 121; by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78D0117DB7F7BB015FDEB9BF64282821" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="66975437A31790DEF13DF60557959B76" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="239407715B30AC98D96E9DE9526103AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Small beetles, body length 2.0-2.5 mm. Body shape elongated oval in dorsal view; moderately convex in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F704894DE3971AE008B7D424BD414E60" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29</figureCitation>
). Color orange brown to dark brown. Head trapezoid. Eyes moderate to small, projected from outline of head. Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin broadly and roundly emarginate. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum with lateral oblique ridges; anterior median depression marked by transverse carina (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2EFA378524FAA50AFA1925E000E99E0E" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Antennae with nine antennomeres, with cupule only slightly asymmetrical and rounded. Maxillary palps moderately long, slightly longer than width of head (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A157D50BB41868390AE82CB74BD515A9" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A</figureCitation>
). Elytra without sutural striae, with outer margins of elytra slightly flared; serial punctures, ground punctures and systematic punctures similar in size and degree of impression, either shallow or rather sharply marked; all punctures seemingly arranged in rows (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6D7ADC826E99A6B51A2C9927117E06DF" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A</figureCitation>
). Prosternum with well-developed median, longitudinal, laminar carina (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C573AC1907A7E28AA0BD81B023A01B13" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a strongly produced, anteriorly pointed transverse ridge, longitudinally carinate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DBAEB0AE7E054BEFED356021EA8F7DF0" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of thorax in ventral view A, B prosternum: A Tobochares striatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection B Quadriops reticulatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection C-G mesoventrite and metaventrite: C Crucisternum ouboteri with white arrows pointing to anteriorly pointed transverse ridge and longitudinal carina of mesoventrite, metaventrite with median glabrous patch D Nanosaphes tricolor with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrows pointing to median and postero-lateral glabrous patches of metaventrite E Quadriops reticulatus with black arrow pointing to transverse carina across mesoventrite and metaventrite uniformly pubescent F Tobochares communis with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to narrow postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite G Tobochares kasikasima with black arrow pointing to transverse elevation across mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to broad postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557413" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14C</figureCitation>
); anapleural sutures sinuate, separated by distance nearly 0.6
<normalizedToken id="38E7A3A9954F70AC0C33C5CA693920A5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite densely pubescent, except for median and postero-lateral glabrous patches (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F061D74C1DCAB107B11A1BBD2DC727FC" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Protibiae with spines of anterior row long and thick; apical spurs of protibiae short and stout, almost reaching apex of protarsomere 2. Metafemora covered by hydrofuge pubescence along basal 4/5 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E0409561200567FD96E4DC47122A26A0" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Metatarsomeres 2-4 gradually slightly decreasing in size; metatarsomere 5 slightly longer than 2; ventral coverage of tarsomeres composed of fine and spiniform setae. Fifth abdominal ventrite apically rounded, truncate, or slightly emarginate, without stout setae. Aedeagus trilobate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="842EC94632DC1F8F2AC7271D6F9B2676" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Aedeagi of Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, and Globulosis spp. A C. ouboteri B C. toboganensis C C. sinuatus D C. vanessae E C. queneyi F E. teli G E. spiculatus H E. ogmos I E. minor J G. flavus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30A-E</figureCitation>
); basal piece 0.2-0.25
<normalizedToken id="9DDF290451EE2AECFF5B5F44381CDF10" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of parameres; median lobe with well-developed lateral basal apodemes, and acute to narrowly rounded apex; parameres nearly as long as median lobe, with outer margins usually sinuate; gonopore situated distad of midlength of median lobe.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5C77DDEB37A735B3714B0397156B5D92" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
<paragraph id="A8008DF035091D85FA4EF4E963F293F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EF1B8AED69C8AF70A497A591EB15C251" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="C87AC2B994A49141F4001AF069485418" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum ouboteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis id="E08EA0ABE94462B5EDA7B47E1DDF9DE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="787B49727E09C769EEE7FB505CC4B09E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis id="96603206B0338BDFE9C937FD4F5A8E98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis id="4BFD1038A792B9504234BEED6DA06B2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FE7252F2EC4CF12814E0C2F26043B9BF" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
<paragraph id="5E8B8F169D28AE226325C3557456E3C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="71F15082C4E0E011AC6E4AA1E3B31115" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of
<taxonomicName id="286CBACD63A0082D4AE02E9C76125E5A" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25A306096C54F3D9146C7D84815D8D3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="82C96033324C763F59E65E196B0CF4AB" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA8DB9C8BB96C242B59B8ED8DD5B4EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C27F25A1FCBC54AD2B010430F16B5A89" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Globulosis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Globulosis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7C509671D573259328641D613FB80E89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Globulosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="C56F90516214274E190669BDF3AC856A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0D3076D902F1DC32D444E1AF9176519E" lsidName="C. ouboteri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis id="C21DD5A69BB8DE4697FF8A9EE13D9C59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="78C274B5BADF1DEC03BA397E215F13F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="622FCDE61DBD96094AAD9214D9304640" lsidName="C. toboganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="toboganensis">
<emphasis id="547C039EA17357D49CCE385EF487AE7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. toboganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D863F777098BC0FA087D839EC9EB0C60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8847303258F160DE432567B3698898C" lsidName="C. sinuatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis id="2EB06FA08895CAE6835BDA742766886D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="990F8912E888FFEF4478AE312A4E4238" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="196A5C0C8C8B66FC7CF66D623E72A2AD" lsidName="C. vanessae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vanessae">
<emphasis id="8CABD2D5577AABCA228E03CDDBE4DF1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. vanessae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="845A07CA0F1C5B54726BEC3172A0B9ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A752A186C7F80A86B2C4C9F45D3CFF9B" lsidName="C. queneyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="queneyi">
<emphasis id="103C3969E7C8E144E92863DFA64B2D82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. queneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="557508E154B05345CF9A33CFCD72162B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6E7C4142F81A4F2D5DD49D32C49A2D80" lsidName="E. teli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teli">
<emphasis id="E52F510A9AD9FF63D5AEE8EA51936393" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. teli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="46C6FF78CC953911CA3134F7E3B11619" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4354B3B7F9FD56756A2291AE3B0A8E8F" lsidName="E. spiculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spiculatus">
<emphasis id="108D55F686532977C54987F5D825EFB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. spiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B67A1626DEF87C5FE6E7243B22502112" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BF2191AA466FC05361AFFE71F9A3AE40" lsidName="E. ogmos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ogmos">
<emphasis id="3A6D43E328B99DBCC48D12F335636D87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. ogmos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="E6687194ABD56F7C8DC6E394B34CB392" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D9ED38F5F98323EE4A08DB16FFF37C42" lsidName="E. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="67E0B966E62DF8AC5760A2D2E8CAC432" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="21D5FBC0552E29ABD868CFAA2FD4A06D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="76B998793E5E7926F1E5CC40EA40259E" lsidName="G. flavus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="E8DA4D98A5D2110E1F81405A5FBC44FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8204C89F05DBA1A90E0F3D988D96807D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="342EF116E86CE932E360A40D3F2F6B38" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05520C97231859736DCD34DB62B8FAC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although
<taxonomicName id="586A4734B55351F4FED778B62DD9F2E2" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6119EA85143F4F1B273EB66B94609ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally unremarkable dorsally from other small-bodied Neotropical acidocerines, several sternal features are strikingly unique and easily separate the genus from all others. The strongly developed prosternal carina found in the genus, combined with the cruciform shape of the posterior elevation of the mesoventrite (formed by the fusion of both transverse and longitudinal ridges), is unique for this genus in the subfamily.
<taxonomicName id="03707EBB88FB8A034CF9D5DEBA58D0A6" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8A0154A9992F94E8B94A1A82B2D434FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be confused in samples as a very small
<taxonomicName id="C54F2BFE5BAFD9C0FDB532783E8B82AE" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1F69543C34BB72370B8181E416B84EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can also easily be distinguished from that genus by the lack of sutural striae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74EACBC97D74944201F42B88129891DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8843EAF81E099914CDE9ECBABE18BB8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7EC9FFD1CE3D3D6FEEDFC06605B6B1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="023F046E64036FCC6841252B5B36F5B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotropical</emphasis>
: Brazil (Minas Gerais,
<normalizedToken id="287DB1DECFECCE829A8170A76C381BDD" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela; Fig.
<figureCitation id="E2D8FD8043D46D8709034A9A72FB1A9C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, Globulosis, Helobata, Helochares, Helopeltarium, Katasophistes, and Nanosaphes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6124CE89C8694D1D14BA6438C52444B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="2C6B1616EFA0064C2C7080456F31BE78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14141A2671B715A951401AC4DE57A83F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
All species of the genus are associated with forested streams, usually along margins that contain ample detritus. A single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="F458B899F71ADAC103E54A219F0BA191" lsidName="C. ouboteri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis id="41288168AE3361529381ACBC64F4F02C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected at a black light trap.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F3BCBAAB9FF7FAD744C76C0163FC358" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larvae">
<paragraph id="79384FA61C3B2C5DABB06180249C5F5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larvae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C050AF09DA4BC53A3A9D54C1BB1C4747" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immature stages are not known for the genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97166BB3E913134BB77EF83CB9F1755B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic history">
<paragraph id="6A1B115593047E3194F5CD406EA357BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="954081638EB8F90D429479DA496A75F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The genus was only recently described.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24158349F9D3B9CE4D3FD35E238DD504" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F717FC86FCA49906D3176BA3526B709F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDB74D7A1B79D3B0791DD155C72B700F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">There are seven species currently known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="738A51134295EB9AF2DF8929C73EB38B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species examined">
<paragraph id="D50266A16A3B8E4F16DD02E25E27F6D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E93BE7D4840BDBA6C847264853E0CE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotypes and paratypes of all the known species were examined for this study.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BF2CDB44E515F0E01ADB824C2256A764" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="selected references">
<paragraph id="C555DAE21242866421514AD56A88B4E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected references.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3470A3A5B0B2ADB4CE3FD4EFEA849E91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="3DDD830B6D5CDF19790FB6CC72289698" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 158" refId="B131" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2018. Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 768: 113 - 158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" title="Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" volume="768" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="B8DCA37E30EB97C0BEA26138CDCF1C3C" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: original description of the genus and all its known species;
<bibRefCitation id="D00325151B231604A02004686548B77F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: phylogenetic placement.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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