treatments-xml/data/12/1D/8F/121D8F6875C25860934C05AC5878D13E.xml

<document id="FC696A7627ACA7D5B75356C0DEDFD586" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225" ID-ZooBank="94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" ID-publisher-id="117225" URI-arpha="255F6420-5705-5F50-9167-509E6C76FA1C" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721676390257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angus, Robert B., Maté, Jason F., Angus, Elizabeth M. &amp; Král, David" docDate="2024" docId="121D8F6875C25860934C05AC5878D13E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1207: 205-299" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1207" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/117225/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aphodius (Liothorax) krelli Angus, Maté, Angus &amp; Král, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="40001D30-4534-4350-97CB-5E286675ADC8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="255F642057055F509167509E6C76FA1C" masterDocTitle="Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1721676524171" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="5D2F697E1A81816DA903B9EE0BC3547E">Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F40C75EF16DA0908496AF7E5577D6C5">Angus, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2696BD9160A6FF430F0EEA07F4F1E326">Maté, Jason F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C5D6058D287B52788F0D35EF2A32902">Angus, Elizabeth M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CE6C3C1EE25C93C68E5E6D42D48B6BD0">Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="44D10A81E1DCFAA744C278567C553747">Král, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E8ABCF49D816C15B2FFE0D27DD73627">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C32AFD787A059299121BE8D1F837107C" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C7EBB16733D9A5D818D51ABB3EB60543">
<taxonomicName id="641D88A6C08774D39EDEFC89BBC07A57" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Liothorax">
<emphasis id="819F136BA4DF833A6704244BCCBD6CBC" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91235B625CD06F888128F306C8EF0025" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="37F9A3D35341927155E602D2BF810AB6" italics="true">krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="996E338E95030A2B1DC0D506F8971022" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B053642B1295F6ACF9DE45684B0CAB1">
<figureCitation id="15F1245A112439222FB6E69D60E646DB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a – g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">Figs 4 e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3267C155F91B22554D1E5C2168B8AB49" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 h</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C8957C8D5A8961E4CE6C418CF3AC05C5" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 j</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DAE01236610D6BEE8B06FBDF8B6C6F06" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8BDD8B2036CAB4869C212B8879234528" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 y</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E955F72A8B4D0C31631298E72FF3C92D" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">
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, n
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, 
<figureCitation id="5D466C37BB4A02CDFE9F61C48AE9932D" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a – e, g – w right lateral view f viewed from above a – c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d – f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g – i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j – l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m – o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p – r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">
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, o
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, 
<figureCitation id="326DDFAEABA127BDB24EF8CE36560001" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Spermathecae a – e A. plagiatus plagiatus a CZ, Dobre Pole b GB, Norfolk c KZ, Karaganda d, e RU, Transbaikal, Ulan Ude f, g A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN f Gansu g holotype, CN, Qinghai h, i A. discoides, TR h Kizil dag, i Muʂ j A. rutilipennis CY, Limassol distr k A. rutilipennis?, GR Thesaloniki l A. chellala, paratype, AG, Chellala m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, RU, wet but not covered n KZ, Syr-Darja o – s A. kraatzi o, p SK q RU, Astrakhan r RU, Lenkoran s AF, Kabul t A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest u A. muscorum HU, Hortobágyi v A felix, paratype, IT w, x A. bameuli, paratypes, FR y A. krelli, sp. nov., IT z A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT a ’, b ’ A. alberti sp. nov., TR paratypes c ’ A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR Ḉamildere d ’, e ’ A. wilsonae, SP d ’ paratype, SP, Madrid e ’ SP, Soria. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097499">26 y</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="BBA20CFBC6530EC11419E380C1FDD1FF" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a – d A. bameuli sp. nov., ♂ paratypes, FR, Corsica, by the Lac de Melo. Autosome 9 polymorphic in a, b homozygous submetacentric in c, d. a, c plain b and d the same nuclei C-banded e – l A. krelli sp. nov., types, IT, Sardinia e, f paratype ♂ with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 weakly developed e plain f the same nucleus C-banded g, h holotype with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 fully developed g plain h the same nucleus C-banded i, j paratype ♂ with both replicates of autosome 7 lacking the heterochromatic long arm i plain j the same nucleus C-banded k, l paratype ♀ with autosome 9 heterozygous for an inversion polymorphism k plain l the same nucleus C-banded m – p A. wilsonae SP m, n holotype ♂ m plain n the same nucleus C-banded o, p paratype ♀ from Balneario de Corconte o plain p the same nucleus C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097522">33 e – l</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="09D56CEBDA3F3191A4DC647572CA7263" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Meiotic chromosomes, metaphase I from testis a – d A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest, White Moor a, c plain b, d the same nuclei C-banded e – g A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi e plain f, g the same nucleus f plain g C-banded h A. bameuli paratype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo, plain i, j A. krelli IT, Sardinia, paratype i plain j the same nucleus C-banded k, l A. wilsonae, SP, Areños k plain l the same nucleus C-banded. The sex bivalent is indicated by an arrow. Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097526">34 i, j</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFICM" type="type material">
<paragraph id="67F114377F97BD74A239849EC6E097BC">
<heading id="0950BDA265B593BCF479CEE9899DDBD2" reason="title">Type material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCC28C9789031CCCB81381F2B6E71D1A">
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<emphasis id="0E6E2B3B417A9FE0E18BB23EC4E1E193" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="1B0EF07682684EEBF03901B66073E597" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="163606D72D16E5BDF28ABAB3F3960D48" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingRegion id="0A09620034D4F8C08C15BE073128C558" country="Italy" name="Sardegna">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="5841B3626D771E7847F8798C3C79D585">Nuoro Province</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="EC953F74D22DAD1F8DBB554A48E31C66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:121D8F6875C25860934C05AC5878D13E:EC953F74D22DAD1F8DBB554A48E31C66" municipality="Nuoro Province" name="Badde Salighes" stateProvince="Sardegna">Badde Salighes</location>
<date id="38B500A5FFB24E7A0ABF810D0644240D" value="2012-04-03">
<collectingDate id="DD609F706B1343E8FE5AC89954D4F727" value="2012-04-03">3. iv. 2012</collectingDate>
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. 
<collectorName id="B9674880B717412CC73A6283D3A3FE69">R. B. &amp; E. M. Angus.</collectorName>
L 5.0 mm, b 
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. Chromosome prep. 2, 
<date id="A3AA49316472248F3BE2EC73D1E85718" value="2012-04-05">
<collectingDate id="3F2C14B307CA22C449A0ABB522FBA5EF" value="2012-04-05">5. iv. 2012</collectingDate>
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(
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<collectionCode id="29467308FB2BB1E8888E359E94001E99" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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. 
<emphasis id="725EA3807B53AB7C8424D3E57B2A54C4" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="1742F49EDD14E9D37818601641E50A4E" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="2324B61656AE1BE8DF1FAD6DCF690150" count="4" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="35CEBE76D416412A3BB74EDC6D210F28" count="4" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, data as 
<typeStatus id="DB0A05CD30CB908D065C5DA6F03913FD" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but 
<specimenCount id="6593C422FC1EC6FF4A753E17B095AC53" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
taken on 
<date id="1F7FC6FF1A2D1395387A61486D342656" value="2012-04-01">1. iv. 2012</date>
. 
<specimenCount id="680600D908ACF24DB3E190BC91F14613" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="F31A73FF231CD99815F47DB1A807FE86" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with chromosome preparation data prep. 5: 
<date id="A8B9369C60C5B5A0C113A66232F319EF" value="2012-04-05">5. iv. 2012</date>
and prep. 1: 
<date id="39FEBC65866652F6D74354B68A6E8738" value="2012-04-10">10. iv. 2012</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="A6E842BBA75D74298E798A1E2B26A5D7" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="43B2AE0D4EA6F2CA9271E03D1AA20B89" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with data preps 3, 4, 6–8: 
<date id="F134C5021B049F2EF564A18666F7F563" value="2012-04-05">5. iv. 2012</date>
(
<named-content id="6EFFB0EE7585A0ACB8CDFA007BA30D34" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="D4F89B0A673E332FDE9DA5DDD0C404D3" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
); 
<specimenCount id="C976BEB38173DC5BD152BEF14535A721" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, data as 
<typeStatus id="5AFADC53684F66C58AE3989A7E7149BC" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<named-content id="4483DF13678C49296298A162AE9E849D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum Prague">
<collectionCode id="00A87D9CF41552DCF973534B33D70C69" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx6k-enrh" name="National Museum (Prague)" type="">NMP</collectionCode>
</named-content>
) 
<specimenCount id="8B1C74C57499993158757A59893C65E2" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, data as 
<typeStatus id="D8C7C6C46E845007FB94D68F5F896BC8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6ICM" xlink_title="Jason Maté Collection">
<collectionCode id="A474A0C06227620F844F1EC173275481">JFMC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
); 
<specimenCount id="8025F746399CFC9B3F90DA04ADEA68A9" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, chromosome prep 5, 
<date id="598E4BCF00B9014A396660CB4AAFB914" value="2012-04-05">5. iv. 2012</date>
, data as 
<typeStatus id="2A548DEB563780CA9A3268278FF66276" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<named-content id="23396BAF9FE425DBE14230C05B4113FD" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/denver-museum-nature-science" xlink_title="Denver Museum of Nature and Science">
<collectionCode id="FDF6E3733B11E4F629D1A39956990C37" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mmzs-jqix" name="Denver Museum of Nature and Science" type="Museum">DMNS</collectionCode>
</named-content>
); 
<specimenCount id="E4DF95268DBE3EE3B2DCDD180BD22551" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="B9B07298454A28DA8E708BA73F4253B9" country="Italy" name="Sardegna">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
, Sassari, Ciaccia, 
<date id="7C78D367D6E3323E6666209CBAA9759D" value="2008-07-17">17. VII. 2008</date>
, old sheep dung, R. B. Angus (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHJCM" xlink_title="Jason Maté Collection">
<collectionCode id="6CC010C91FFA95D04463067A7FAC02F2">JFMC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
); 2 unsexed, 
<collectingCountry id="D9740BABBFE439E5D9E0EE5D51522E11" name="Italy">ITALY</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="11A0F91522A223B29B1C6BADF7AC215F" country="Italy" name="Sardegna">Sardegna</collectingRegion>
, Nuoro, Altopiano della Campeda, 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EOJCM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[8.784067,40.354083]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C260639FF233ED256AC0B0AFC43B01FA" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="21.245" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.354084">40 ° 21.245 ' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B7F0EFFE14FD60B88D3510371584FE0D" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="47.044" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.784066">8 ° 47.044 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, 
<quantity id="497DD8EBEFE0777F4C8EF709D5ED811A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C375C12F2193E02B4F698EFC04F34687" value="2005-05-18">18. 5. 2005</date>
leg. Starke (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETJCM" xlink_title="Axel Bellmann Collection">
<collectionCode id="0C22AB4E737A59CA293EEE9AE54AC072">ABC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
); 1 unsexed, [
<collectingCountry id="80FC1E3F4A6B7A7FC774D98C726DC37A" name="Italy">ITALY</collectingCountry>
], Badde Salighes 
<collectingRegion id="20B4F23CF726566A206B625B8211C611" country="Italy" name="Sardegna">Sardegna</collectingRegion>
[Nuoro Pr], 
<taxonomicName id="A211247211F7C5FC184630172E973CF9" authority="Carpaneto" authorityName="Carpaneto" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" subGenus="Nialus">
<emphasis id="743CCE14D4D491F9D0BE7252FC7BBAC4" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E58A81D1B992B80EEE0E31C7457270A7" italics="true">Nialus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="6E5CC08585424CEC3BA43165F7AF487A" italics="true">niger</emphasis>
Carpaneto
</taxonomicName>
det. 1982 (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFKCM" xlink_title="Muséum d’histiore naturelle, Genève">
<collectionCode id="334F831659DE520991829F07E48CC4BE">MNHG</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJKCM" type="Differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0B3C131C1D5565F96D983692F5ABCF66">
<heading id="6372D2B2D8C418EC32D9C7E62D8D8049" reason="title">Differential diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="096526FBD12BC2DECE560EE76722FC84">
Sardinian 
<taxonomicName id="0BE8B6C98F41DC944AE3FB751A66FC38" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli">
<emphasis id="ADF21F9D2C886AA78BB73FEE849C712B" italics="true">A. krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from Corsican 
<taxonomicName id="2C8158102563935E27A1A1F7BFF23ADA" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli">
<emphasis id="8A4844B3430BF4D36B5806C211A1B747" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being less parallel-sided (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B164A51CDAC847CE269D87548EF419FA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a – g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">4 e, d</figureCitation>
) and with the pronotum more heavily punctate (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FBD7E75E6029BF75622BFDD3C236C086" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 h, g</figureCitation>
). The karyotypes of the two are very similar in the sizes and shapes of their chromosomes (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="4D24BBA1F271C2AE139F96DAE69A206D" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a – d A. bameuli sp. nov., ♂ paratypes, FR, Corsica, by the Lac de Melo. Autosome 9 polymorphic in a, b homozygous submetacentric in c, d. a, c plain b and d the same nuclei C-banded e – l A. krelli sp. nov., types, IT, Sardinia e, f paratype ♂ with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 weakly developed e plain f the same nucleus C-banded g, h holotype with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 fully developed g plain h the same nucleus C-banded i, j paratype ♂ with both replicates of autosome 7 lacking the heterochromatic long arm i plain j the same nucleus C-banded k, l paratype ♀ with autosome 9 heterozygous for an inversion polymorphism k plain l the same nucleus C-banded m – p A. wilsonae SP m, n holotype ♂ m plain n the same nucleus C-banded o, p paratype ♀ from Balneario de Corconte o plain p the same nucleus C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097522">33 e – l</figureCitation>
) but the long arm of autosome 
<quantity id="9320381447EAC616D4E0029BBAF332A0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7E413221976882F2B29822576C4087CF" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli">
<emphasis id="5C28B432B9825BCD5358C16ED1A942C4" italics="true">A. krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is heterochromatic and is polymorphic for a deletion – it may be present (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A3612F4DF6C4BCD50BE733565EF45A6D" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a – d A. bameuli sp. nov., ♂ paratypes, FR, Corsica, by the Lac de Melo. Autosome 9 polymorphic in a, b homozygous submetacentric in c, d. a, c plain b and d the same nuclei C-banded e – l A. krelli sp. nov., types, IT, Sardinia e, f paratype ♂ with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 weakly developed e plain f the same nucleus C-banded g, h holotype with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 fully developed g plain h the same nucleus C-banded i, j paratype ♂ with both replicates of autosome 7 lacking the heterochromatic long arm i plain j the same nucleus C-banded k, l paratype ♀ with autosome 9 heterozygous for an inversion polymorphism k plain l the same nucleus C-banded m – p A. wilsonae SP m, n holotype ♂ m plain n the same nucleus C-banded o, p paratype ♀ from Balneario de Corconte o plain p the same nucleus C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097522">33 f, i – l</figureCitation>
) or absent (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="068628180DF1442717D88DD3B4838236" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a – d A. bameuli sp. nov., ♂ paratypes, FR, Corsica, by the Lac de Melo. Autosome 9 polymorphic in a, b homozygous submetacentric in c, d. a, c plain b and d the same nuclei C-banded e – l A. krelli sp. nov., types, IT, Sardinia e, f paratype ♂ with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 weakly developed e plain f the same nucleus C-banded g, h holotype with the heterochromatic long arm of autosome 1 fully developed g plain h the same nucleus C-banded i, j paratype ♂ with both replicates of autosome 7 lacking the heterochromatic long arm i plain j the same nucleus C-banded k, l paratype ♀ with autosome 9 heterozygous for an inversion polymorphism k plain l the same nucleus C-banded m – p A. wilsonae SP m, n holotype ♂ m plain n the same nucleus C-banded o, p paratype ♀ from Balneario de Corconte o plain p the same nucleus C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097522">
<quantity id="77320524AD659D4672DDE261AC79584E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.3" unit="g" value="33.0">33 g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEMCM" type="description">
<paragraph id="F1038D55A61AD4D64A77D36C195C3FAF">
<heading id="726C60626188C89690A523D61E769150" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95CCFE391FB58429449704B309AA0574">
General appearance (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="EC721BE84A300D251BD024223490061C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a – g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">4 e</figureCitation>
). Length: 4.4–5.0 mm, width: 2.0– 
<quantity id="BF007B3EF0D84A557C2DF54FE673F8DA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="8ACD994447ADA48296F0FC304D5922DB" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 
<quantity id="5347CEAC78F7249AFF0E819A25CE4FC4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.1" unit="mm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.5 mm</quantity>
, width 1.7–2.0 mm (
<specimenCount id="3A7828CF44559BE23EAF4B422D290965" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Head: glossy black with no trace of reticulation, anterior margin vaguely browner. Sculpture of double punctation, the fine punctures separated by ca 2 × their width, the coarser punctures ca 3 × the diameter of the fine ones, distributed over the anterior and lateral parts of the head and on the frons. Frons elevated in a vague hump on disc. Frontoclypeal suture very fine but distinct and complete. Anterior margin of clypeus emarginated medially, the margin rounded either side of this emargination. Anterior and lateral margins of head bordered, the border extending from the back of the genae. Genae distinct, fairly abruptly divergent anteriorly from anterior margin of the eyes, widest point behind middle of genae, in front of which the genal margins curve more gently to the clypeus, which they meet at a slight angle. Epipharynx (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="EDE2985731A27E1BAB6FA028AD3FF080" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 j</figureCitation>
) with anterior margin of clithra strongly emarginate each side of the median tylus, and with a few fine acropariae. Chaetopedia stout and long, four or five each side; chaetopariae closely set, fairly stout, forming a line each side. Prophobae very fine, clustered along the edges of the mesoepitorma; apophobae fine and long, arranged in a line outside the chaetopariae. Antennae and palpi blackish brown. Head and pronotum as in Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BCB12324D9D5EE8CA476AE7A23BDCD72" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 h</figureCitation>
. Pronotum: hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely but very weakly so longitudinally in the mid-line. Lateral margins entirely visible from above. Lateral margin bordered, basal margin with very fine border, this sometimes complete but usually absent from the median 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the margin. Surface glossy black with no hint of reticulation but with double punctation. Fine punctures dot-like, extending over the whole surface, coarser punctures ca 4–8 × the diameter of the dots, sparser and tending to be smaller on the disc. Fine punctures separated by ca 4–6 × their diameter, coarse ones by 1.5–2.5 × their diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC5016A168EE30049F0E1E369E469F05">Scutellum: narrow, pentagonal, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2 then convergent to a blunt point apically. Surface glossy black with a few punctures in basal 1 / 2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46B7765B2FF420EB79E3101E220B816E">
Elytra: elongate, not quite parallel-sided, widest just behind middle, then tapered to bluntly rounded apex. Ground colour of interstices silky black with very fine faint isodiametric reticulation (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="545A429566806D32CC3D29CC467508A8" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 y</figureCitation>
). Striae glossy black. Interstices flat, ca 10 × the width of the striae, with scattered fine punctures separated by ca 4–5 × their width. Sutural interstices weakly raised longitudinally from their external margins to ca 1 / 3 of the way to the suture, then depressed to the suture. Striae narrow, with vertical sides, with a single row of punctures separated by ca 3 × their diameter, the sides of these punctures encroaching into the strial margins. Metaventrite with median diamond-shaped area fairly strongly punctate, the punctures larger than in 
<taxonomicName id="B6436CB75E547983BC6D6568919BD7E6" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli">
<emphasis id="822B2E2A8830D87219F2E1E1A75BD679" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in males concave to median impressed furrow, in females often flatter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4E59FDE37176ED8CE3742B1DAD2D9EF">
Legs: dark brown, longer spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than basal segment of tarsus, although sometimes only slightly so (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="00B6E0929716330325695E0EB9BA63D7" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">
<quantity id="5F93C2DEF00239943E29AFD5ABDC44EE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
, n
</figureCitation>
). Post tibiae with apical fringe of spines short and of even-length ventrally, longer, sparser and of uneven lengths dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7047CEF4428F07EA9B02D628D1DA81">
Aedeagus: Fig. 
<figureCitation id="75589FB84A121FFBC9B7D1CC3CA74919" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a – e, g – w right lateral view f viewed from above a – c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d – f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g – i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j – l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m – o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p – r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">
<quantity id="6600B2D06691EEAF123A92AEA5EEEA07" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
– o
</figureCitation>
. Length ca 
<quantity id="196C5D73DB870E1B3EE91465B9D77AB6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
, length of parameres ca 
<quantity id="E39B2FA86D8BB14DB3F9D81589E2D41A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, of basal piece ca 
<quantity id="89C427D5929F70918DD591948564FD24" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
, of endophallic tooth-field ca 
<quantity id="98E3BCC86C357D09ACA1D060B6998D49" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
. Length of longest endophallic teeth 56–58 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUNCM" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E9F90E3EB2FF7F60195359B01E751D4F">
<heading id="55A24C6A36912533C2E79896C85E0F4A" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="885798F8F4CCE2FDCEB12DBC6475F55D">
This species is named after Dr F. - T. Krell of the Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, 
<collectingRegion id="09CE3B6DBFF37D50E1C0A4CDDB19A250" country="United States of America" name="Colorado">Colorado</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZNCM" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D40F841F91371DBFDB1E4C21E4DAD5B1">
<heading id="1B2BC53B4C0156D900D6E25A610113C4" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A5B9E86C4B1E2869B72BFA491593527">
<taxonomicName id="985427C330A4ABE78566FFEB0C61F7D2" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6FC0F9D8A77BA07119017BB657430B22" italics="true">Aphodius krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C75C6F0B982FDE120E7A947241C4256D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is endemic to Sardinia (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="56D2D3C0FEA84C070F2FBBD28ACB1A3A" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. a distribution of niger - group taxa in Western and Central Europe b distribution of Liothorax species in Central and Eastern Palearctic c distribution of plagiatus - group species in Central and Eastern Palearctic. The record of isikdagensis with the question mark indicates a doubtful specimen from Artvin Çam, TR (Ziani Coll)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097509">29 a</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="809A285AC67E8BF5A111CE35C1D62FA1" author="Pittino R" firstAuthor="Pittino" issue="7-8" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino della Societá entomologica italiana, Genova" pagination="127-134" refId="B40" refString="Pittino R (2010) Aphodiidae interessanti della regione sardo-corsa (Col. Scarabaeoidea). Bolletino della Societá entomologica italiana, Genova 112 (7–8): 127–134." title="Aphodiidae interessanti della regione sardo-corsa (Col. Scarabaeoidea)." volume="112" year="2010">Pittino (2010)</bibRefCitation>
lists various Sardinian localities, including Badde Salighes, but all the analysed material is from Badde Salighes (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FEFAA10816380D28B78F1D8BAC41D2AB" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Habitat pictures a A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest b A. muscorum, HU, Hortobagyi c A. niger, SW, Tullgarn d A. krelli sp. nov., IT, Sardinia, Badde Salighes e A. bameuli sp. nov., FR, Corsica, Haute-Corse, Lac de Melo f A. wilsonae, SP, Cantabria, Corconte g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., IT, Sicily, Nebrodi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097502">27 d</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="471A66B3F8BD4A397EDFABCB3BB785BF" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D8E7FD730E085D1159F920DA52FF9FAB" italics="true">Aphodius krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7514438F92566427230F8F2B3C299613" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is described as a new species despite the fact that its karyotype is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="6B5843BC378435A904F79A3B4775ABC6" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FD6DC13ECE819655BE694A391F7CBBD8" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D454F5708C4BD4BB5DB737F9C108100A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F2BDF769B25B129AF9AAB6BDD81FB58F" name="France">Corsica</collectingCountry>
. In spite of the karyological similarities, it is genetically divergent from 
<taxonomicName id="B114E32B3ADDE919A22F2B60FA42A9C6" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli">
<emphasis id="3221EDCDB462E24098EFB4E3E07472A5" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by 4.7 %, and instead clusters with 
<taxonomicName id="8131D10B192A88351A30B377617FF1EE" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellumgerens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78B5F4B9E1EA6E723FB5967B60529E79" italics="true">A. bellumgerens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A34ADA6F1C30D19C7CA7E307FDBBB7C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, forming a strongly supported clade. In addition the morphometric study clusters 
<taxonomicName id="2B52E78C3865A8A0A309044A995847D5" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3A86F2647CE6C5D74C9D14FF7AB1742F" italics="true">A. krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4F190A4F28302DA89CE270336F2C85E4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
between the 
<taxonomicName id="AD1D9BD293CE2E1A5783C85338958AA6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="3FA1C4C03F692F6A513D42731049051C" italics="true">niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- crown group and the 3 B group, from which it differs in being significantly more convex. Morphologically it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="ECEFB814BCB28BF95A6090F0E50C2FBD" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="497B9A82A8ABBC55ED69A4398F72142E" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F436919608CB685B6BB9E67B10C7B90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in being generally more heavily sculptured and more rounded. Its habitat is also different – whereas 
<taxonomicName id="738A8FAE212DAED0148C8FE7C0FF0A3A" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C00D317BACF78869EAF4B93FA8B71CCE" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="48F74B251FD0C2E3439A18216425A2DA" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a dung-inhabiting species, 
<taxonomicName id="D71A6F987AAAA51B59FC17FDCEA717C8" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krelli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="57394A30E2DA018542A27D321CA53F5F" italics="true">A. krelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="467718AA623C08A5D2A61D6B6C812151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, like most 
<taxonomicName id="C94CB02D5E9CD589B8EB454DFC4BB440" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09F67281721504AA1EAC0DF0A664DD91" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is found at the edge of water. The 
<typeStatus id="FD144528B007B05B60DBA7E6120F5F84">type</typeStatus>
material, brought home alive for laboratory studies, was divided into two lots. One was given organic detritus from where it was collected while the other was given damp fibrous cow-dung of the sort eaten by 
<taxonomicName id="B8C81A093233E9A86EF40783135FA54A" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bameuli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37734413CF941176C65597D35C6AF7CF" italics="true">A. bameuli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E761AD626B50AE58EDDD773E6B1BD458" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The beetles given detritus continued feeding on the journey home but those given dung did not feed at all.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>