277 lines
43 KiB
XML
277 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="913C5909E60602EDCFAE402A442FE811">Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="451877DB3100ADC839E3839F9B9D0D6C">2017</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FB96629FD729BB4C4" ID-CoL="5JBY" ID-ENA="1914968" authorityName="Henrard & Jocqué" authorityYear="2017" box="[301,478,1192,1213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Macroctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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.
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.
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D829807159B572" blockId="21.[147,762,1237,1290]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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http://zoobank.org/
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<subSubSection id="169EA8A93200FF8FB8D8286477A3B6EA" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D82864725AB53E" blockId="21.[147,762,1329,1442]" box="[147,287,1329,1350]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<typeStatus id="813F45803200FF8FB8D82864738CB53E" box="[147,201,1329,1350]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D828057102B5DA" blockId="21.[147,762,1329,1442]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FB8D828057390B5FB" authority="(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Macroctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingsleyi">
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FB8D8280572D8B51C" box="[147,413,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Macroctenus kingsleyi</emphasis>
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(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Designated here. Detailed description in
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<bibRefCitation id="3A1586D33200FF8FBAF3283B7265B5D9" author="Steyn TL & Van der Donckt J-F" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" pagination="129 - 166" refId="ref35261" refString="Steyn TL, Van der Donckt J-F, Jocqu <20> e R. 2003. The Ctenidae (Araneae) of the rainforests in eastern Cote d'Ivoire. Annales, Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques 290: 129-166." type="journal article" year="2003">
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Steyn
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FB8D828D8738BB5D9" box="[147,206,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. See also
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||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FB9DB28D97106B5DA" box="[400,579,1420,1442]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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Figures S6A
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBA5428DA716EB5D9" box="[543,555,1423,1441]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
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H
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||
</figureCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D8289C724FB5A6" blockId="21.[147,762,1481,1626]" box="[147,266,1481,1502]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FB8D8289C724FB5A6" box="[147,266,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D828BD72E7B622" blockId="21.[147,762,1481,1626]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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The generic name is a combination of ‘Macro’ (large) and ‘
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<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FB8932B527263B664" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[216,294,1543,1564]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FB8932B527263B664" box="[216,294,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Ctenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’. Representatives of this genus are among the largest Araneomorphae. The gender of the genus is masculine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D82BD47246B6EE" blockId="21.[147,762,1665,1870]" box="[147,259,1665,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FB8D82BD47246B6EE" box="[147,259,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FB8D82BF57150B736" blockId="21.[147,762,1665,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FB8D82BF572C5B6CD" box="[147,384,1695,1717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FB8D82BF57267B6CD" box="[147,290,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Macroctenus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the remaining
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<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FB9582BEB723CB6AC" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1877" box="[275,377,1726,1748]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenidae</taxonomicName>
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by the male palp with the short subdistal
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<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FB94E2B89727CB689" box="[261,313,1756,1777]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">RTA</collectionCode>
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and the
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<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FB9EC2B897295B689" box="[423,464,1756,1777]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">MA</collectionCode>
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rounded or elongate; the
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<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FB8D82BAE73FFB768" box="[147,186,1787,1808]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">MS</collectionCode>
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of the epigyne is wider or as wide as long and has three sections, the
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<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FB9EC2A4F7282B757" box="[423,455,1818,1839]" country="United Kingdom" name="Linnean Society of London" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">LS</collectionCode>
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have a short
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<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBA252A4F71D4B757" box="[622,657,1818,1839]" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">LP</collectionCode>
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, and the spermathecae are small and oval.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FBB612D9270E9B0A4" blockId="21.[810,1426,199,1413]" box="[810,940,199,220]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB612D9270E9B0A4" box="[810,940,199,220]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FBB612DB0708BB5FD" blockId="21.[810,1426,199,1413]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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Ecribellate ctenids. Very large, body length (males and females) 20
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBBE72C5270FDB161" box="[940,952,263,281]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
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34. Carapace piriform (
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<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC892C51760EB161" box="[1218,1355,260,282]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[163,242,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,198,1204]" captionTargetId="figure-266@22.[170,1436,198,1205]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945); C, D, Pt female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914); A, male, habitus, dorsal view; B, as previous, lateral view; C, female, carapace, dorsal view; D, eye region, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806602/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Figs 11A, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBD132C517005B140" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="27.[147,226,1616,1635]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-107@27.[155,1421,198,1583]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 16. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A, Ht female (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119) found in a dry adit at ‘Ch^ateau’; B, Pt female (DNA-N02, MRAC 238211) found at ‘Geology Base’, adit ‘K2’; C, female defending her cocoon in the adit ‘T4’ at ‘Bassin 3’, Sempere; D, Pt male (DNA-N01, MRAC 237842) in the adit ‘K1’ at ‘Geology Base’; E, female feeding on prey fixed to the wall photographed in the adit ‘K2’; F, female in captivity, having caught a roach. Note the prey fixed on the glassy wall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806610/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
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16A
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBDCE2C5276D4B161" box="[1413,1425,263,281]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
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D
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB072C7770F0B140" box="[844,949,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[164,243,1229,1248]" captionTargetBox="[172,1438,198,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-476@28.[172,1438,198,1195]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A. male in captivity; B, as previous, detail; C, sperm web (arrows); D, as previous, detail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806612/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">17A, B; S</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBBFE2C7770B7B14F" box="[949,1010,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">6A, S</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBBB92C777751B14F" box="[1010,1044,290,311]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[166,245,1240,1259]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,198,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-300@16.[174,1440,198,1207]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Amicactenus mysticus sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, D, Pt female (MRAC 238919); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, female carapace, dorsal view; D, female abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806598/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">7A</figureCitation>
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), dark background with contrasting pale pattern; covered with short setae; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with long erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBCA82CF577AAB1CA" box="[1251,1263,416,434]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
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4
|
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<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBCB62CF5764CB1CA" box="[1277,1289,416,434]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
|
||
2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs, with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs more elongate and slender than female legs; with dense scopulae on t, Mt and
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBC4A2E1C7750B326" box="[1025,1045,841,862]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB212E3270B0B304" box="[874,1013,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="27.[147,226,1616,1635]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-107@27.[155,1421,198,1583]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 16. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A, Ht female (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119) found in a dry adit at ‘Ch^ateau’; B, Pt female (DNA-N02, MRAC 238211) found at ‘Geology Base’, adit ‘K2’; C, female defending her cocoon in the adit ‘T4’ at ‘Bassin 3’, Sempere; D, Pt male (DNA-N01, MRAC 237842) in the adit ‘K1’ at ‘Geology Base’; E, female feeding on prey fixed to the wall photographed in the adit ‘K2’; F, female in captivity, having caught a roach. Note the prey fixed on the glassy wall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806610/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Figs 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC482E327734B305" box="[1027,1137,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[164,243,1229,1248]" captionTargetBox="[172,1438,198,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-476@28.[172,1438,198,1195]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 17. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A. male in captivity; B, as previous, detail; C, sperm web (arrows); D, as previous, detail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806612/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">17A, B; S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC3A2E3277F5B304" box="[1137,1200,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">6A, S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBCFB2E327796B304" box="[1200,1235,871,892]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[166,245,1240,1259]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,198,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-300@16.[174,1440,198,1207]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Amicactenus mysticus sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, D, Pt female (MRAC 238919); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, female carapace, dorsal view; D, female abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806598/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with dispersed short setae. Male palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC0B2ED37789B3E3" box="[1088,1228,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[164,243,205,224]" captionText="Figure 12. Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945); C, Pt female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914); A, male palp, ventral view; B, as previous, retrolateral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Figs 12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC912ED37669B3E3" box="[1242,1324,902,923]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[164,243,1277,1296]" captionTargetBox="[172,1438,366,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-366@24.[172,1438,366,1244]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov., Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945): A, male palp, ventral view; B, as previous, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806604/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBD702ED376C9B3E3" box="[1339,1420,902,923]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="29.[147,226,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,198,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-28@29.[155,1421,198,1676]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 18. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A, B, Pt male (MRAC 238215); C, D, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, as previous, dorsal view. Arrow indicates plug. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806614/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">18A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB612EF1703CB3C2" box="[810,889,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="32.[163,242,207,226]" captionText="Figure 19. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A, B, Pt male (MRAC 238212); C, D, Pt male (MRAC 238215); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, detail of RTA; C, male palp, ventral view; D, as previous, detail. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
19A
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB1C2EF27026B3C1" box="[855,867,935,953]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
|
||
D
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBBCE2EF17090B3C2" box="[901,981,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="33.[147,226,1850,1869]" captionText="Figure 21. Macroctenus vandenspiegeli sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (MRAC 238909); C, Pt female (MRAC 238908); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="103">21A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBBA92EF1770FB3C2" box="[994,1098,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="35.[147,226,1351,1370]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,198,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-226@35.[155,1421,198,1318]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 22. Macroctenus vandenspiegeli sp. nov., Ht male (DNA-N16, MRAC 238909): A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, as previous, detail; D, male palp, tibia, retrolateral view; E, as previous, ventral view. Scale bars A–C = 1 mm, D, E = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
22A
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBC442EF2775EB3C1" box="[1039,1051,935,953]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
|
||
E; S
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC012EF177C9B3C1" box="[1098,1164,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
6F
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBC222EF27730B3C1" box="[1129,1141,935,953]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
|
||
H
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): tibia with dorsal and ventral processes on distal margin;
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBCF62E9677B5B3A0" box="[1213,1264,963,984]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">RTA</collectionCode>
|
||
short, subdistal, rarely surpassing distal margin of tibia; cymbium with elongate tip, without horns or swellings; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval;
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBCC9294A77EEB44C" box="[1154,1195,1055,1076]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">MA</collectionCode>
|
||
with dorsal concavity, narrow at base, oval or subcircular; embolus with wide, short and curved apex; locking lobes present; conductor short, hyaline, c-shaped. Epigyne (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBD6F292F76C9B4F7" box="[1316,1420,1146,1168]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[164,243,205,224]" captionText="Figure 12. Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945); C, Pt female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914); A, male palp, ventral view; B, as previous, retrolateral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB6129CC703FB4D6" box="[810,890,1177,1198]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[147,226,1206,1225]" captionTargetBox="[155,1418,198,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-328@25.[155,1418,198,1173]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov., Pt Female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914): A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, digested; C, as previous, dorsal view; D, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806606/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBBCC29CC70F3B4D6" box="[903,950,1177,1198]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="29.[147,226,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,198,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-28@29.[155,1421,198,1676]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 18. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A, B, Pt male (MRAC 238215); C, D, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, as previous, dorsal view. Arrow indicates plug. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806614/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB8829CC7772B4D6" box="[963,1079,1177,1198]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[163,242,1750,1769]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,351,1698]" captionTargetId="figure-74@32.[170,1436,351,1717]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov., female genitalia: A–C, Ht female (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119); D–F, Pt female (DNA-N02, MRAC 238211); G–I, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, dorsal view; C, as previous, dorsolateral view; D, epigyne, ventral view; E, as previous, dorsal view; F, as previous, dorsolateral view; G, epigyne, ventral view; H, as previous, dorsal view; I, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806616/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">20A, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC0829CC7734B4D6" box="[1091,1137,1177,1198]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="33.[147,226,1850,1869]" captionText="Figure 21. Macroctenus vandenspiegeli sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (MRAC 238909); C, Pt female (MRAC 238908); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="21" pageNumber="103">21C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC3429CC778CB4D7" box="[1151,1225,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="36.[163,242,1206,1225]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,198,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-229@36.[170,1436,198,1173]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 23. Macroctenus vandenspiegeli sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N16, MRAC 238909); C–E, Pt female (DNA- N11, MRAC 238908); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, as previous, dorsal view; E, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars A, B = 5 mm; C–E = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806620/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">23C; S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC8229CC7662B4D6" box="[1225,1319,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">6B, E, S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBD6329CC7005B4B4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[166,245,1240,1259]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,198,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-300@16.[174,1440,198,1207]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Amicactenus mysticus sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, D, Pt female (MRAC 238919); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, female carapace, dorsal view; D, female abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806598/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">7B, C, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
): divided into
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBB9429E27743B4B4" box="[991,1030,1207,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">MS</collectionCode>
|
||
and two
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBC2629E277CAB4B4" box="[1133,1167,1207,1228]" country="United Kingdom" name="Linnean Society of London" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">LS</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBCD129E27784B4B4" box="[1178,1217,1207,1228]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">MS</collectionCode>
|
||
composed of three parts: frontal oval densely hairy, central wide with sclerotized margins, short posterior densely hairy, constriction between the latter two shows short straight
|
||
<collectionCode id="389563E73200FF8FBBC4286770F6B53F" box="[911,947,1330,1351]" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">LP</collectionCode>
|
||
. Vulva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC5C286477E0B53F" box="[1047,1189,1329,1351]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[147,226,1206,1225]" captionTargetBox="[155,1418,198,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-328@25.[155,1418,198,1173]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Macroctenus herbicola sp. nov., Pt Female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914): A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, digested; C, as previous, dorsal view; D, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806606/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Figs 14C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBCFF286477A0B53E" box="[1204,1253,1329,1350]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="29.[147,226,1709,1728]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,198,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-28@29.[155,1421,198,1676]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 18. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov.: A, B, Pt male (MRAC 238215); C, D, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, as previous, dorsal view. Arrow indicates plug. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806614/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">18D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBCBF28647019B51D" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[163,242,1750,1769]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,351,1698]" captionTargetId="figure-74@32.[170,1436,351,1717]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Macroctenus nimba sp. nov., female genitalia: A–C, Ht female (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119); D–F, Pt female (DNA-N02, MRAC 238211); G–I, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, dorsal view; C, as previous, dorsolateral view; D, epigyne, ventral view; E, as previous, dorsal view; F, as previous, dorsolateral view; G, epigyne, ventral view; H, as previous, dorsal view; I, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806616/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">20B, C, E, F, H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB2028057098B51E" box="[875,989,1360,1382]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="36.[163,242,1206,1225]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,198,1173]" captionTargetId="figure-229@36.[170,1436,198,1173]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 23. Macroctenus vandenspiegeli sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N16, MRAC 238909); C–E, Pt female (DNA- N11, MRAC 238908); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, as previous, dorsal view; E, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars A, B = 5 mm; C–E = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806620/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">23D, E; S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB9628057704B51D" box="[989,1089,1360,1382]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">6C, D, S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBC0A28057786B51D" box="[1089,1219,1360,1381]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[166,245,1240,1259]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,198,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-300@16.[174,1440,198,1207]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Amicactenus mysticus sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, D, Pt female (MRAC 238919); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, female carapace, dorsal view; D, female abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806598/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">7E, F, H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) with small, oval spermathecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FBB6128F270F2B5C4" blockId="21.[810,1426,1447,1590]" box="[810,951,1447,1468]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB6128F270F2B5C4" box="[810,951,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Composition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FBB6128907669B64E" blockId="21.[810,1426,1447,1590]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB6128907080B5A2" box="[810,965,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Five species</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FBBA1289077BAB5A2" authorityName="Henrard & Jocqué" authorityYear="2017" box="[1002,1279,1477,1498]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Macroctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbicola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBBA1289077BAB5A2" box="[1002,1279,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Macroctenus herbicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77C39A4B3200FF8FBD56289076C8B5A2" box="[1309,1421,1477,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FBB6128B170F3B580" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[810,950,1507,1529]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Macroctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingsleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB6128B170F3B580" box="[810,950,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">M. kingsleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB8328B6770AB580" box="[968,1103,1507,1529]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[163,242,1450,1469]" captionTargetBox="[205,1438,223,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-244@14.[205,1439,223,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Evolution of the characters mapped on the majority rule consensus tree based on morphological data (Fig. 5). Black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes, and white circles homoplasious changes. Character numbers are placed over the circles, and the states are shown below the circles. A, Non-Cteninae; B, Cteninae, part 1; C, Cteninae, part 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806596/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Fig. S6A
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBC6728B3777DB580" box="[1068,1080,1510,1528]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
|
||
H
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FBC2D28B17793B580" authorityName="Henrard & Jocqué" authorityYear="2017" box="[1126,1238,1507,1529]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Macroctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimba" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBC2D28B17793B580" box="[1126,1238,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">M. nimba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77C39A4B3200FF8FBCAB28B17679B581" box="[1248,1340,1508,1529]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FBD0128B1767BB66F" authority="(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)" authorityName="Henrard & Jocqué" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Barylestis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBD0128B170DDB66F" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">M. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77C39A4B3200FF8FBD042B57701FB64E" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6BFE7A73200FF8FBB212B7570A0B64E" box="[874,997,1568,1590]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[166,245,1240,1259]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,198,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-300@16.[174,1440,198,1207]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Amicactenus mysticus sp. nov.: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, D, Pt female (MRAC 238919); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, female carapace, dorsal view; D, female abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14806598/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Fig. S7A
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB852B76709FB64D" box="[974,986,1571,1589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">–</emphasis>
|
||
I
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="998480A13200FF8FBBB72B74778EB64D" authorityName="Henrard & Jocqué" authorityYear="2017" box="[1020,1227,1568,1590]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Macroctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandenspiegeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBBB72B74778EB64D" box="[1020,1227,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">M. vandenspiegeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77C39A4B3200FF8FBC982B747669B64E" box="[1235,1324,1569,1590]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FBB612B0870F0B60A" blockId="21.[810,1254,1629,1682]" box="[810,949,1629,1650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF027303200FF8FBB612B0870F0B60A" box="[810,949,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E3BFB223200FF8FBB612B2977A3B6EA" blockId="21.[810,1254,1629,1682]" box="[810,1254,1660,1682]" pageId="21" pageNumber="103">Rainforest of Central and West Africa.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |