318 lines
47 KiB
XML
318 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="C200DDE0801B9EC93F0C90DBE51E54B9" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae021" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14291325" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1732847136500" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vilhelmsen, Lars, Boudinot, Brendon, Jenkins Shaw, Josh, Hammel, Jörg U & Perrichot, Vincent" docDate="2024" docId="039E87B0FFAFFFAA18B610D2FD8AF87A" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae021.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 202 (3)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae021" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Orussus judagroehnae Vilhelmsen and Perrichot, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFA7FFC8FFA7FFA6182C145CFFDCFFC1" masterDocTitle="Echoes from the Cretaceous: new fossils shed light on the evolution of host detection and concealed ovipositor apparatus in the parasitoid wasp superfamily Orussoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1733518441416" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4ADCD5EC149221F1B21AEE0C6EAF9DE8">Echoes from the Cretaceous: new fossils shed light on the evolution of host detection and concealed ovipositor apparatus in the parasitoid wasp superfamily Orussoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BAC951798AE396E3A5C70EB81E69B87">Vilhelmsen, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="563201107428152D272C338BAFB4740B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="14B990AA7D9B183ABAE6668A75188C37">Boudinot, Brendon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CACA3E98DFE6CAB60857BF5608CB6BD3">Jenkins Shaw, Josh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15F8402CEB18DF9E97A99EE0B830128C">Hammel, Jörg U</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12D52309360CD87D2E67EA7EDAF8D706">Perrichot, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8FBA6A13733DF880EBD056278F31B5E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="29D680C844AA38AC2C5456266966DEAC">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="360F6E6F6DFE1861955C4D2CC9A5E4E9">
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<mods:date id="517FF8401D26E4FF092426147A205133">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="ACA33A3D26D852406EC7EFAA0836E4A4">Zool. J. Linn. Soc.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="DD14B6FB57B0810A725553380443B336">2024-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="786D75CE4CAD0A02B3462ACADE9E0843">202</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="159AA02BE41298DCCFE0C84C65E817F4">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="499BE794692505F09352C2D783EF25B8">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae021</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8DD845AD42F7F933DC958A917B9DF83C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CC5EFA6D0288729D86231D993464783B" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae021</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="085185D56D1C539F2295EF1188AE5EBE" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B6E85874367FF512D0842562D9E83FC4" type="Zenodo-Dep">14291325</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E87B0FFAFFFAA18B610D2FD8AF87A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87B0FFAFFFAA18B610D2FD8AF87A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87B0FFAFFFAA18B610D2FD8AF87A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFAFFFAE18B610D2FD33FB69" box="[154,751,1166,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE18B610D2FD33FB69" blockId="8.[154,751,1166,1193]" box="[154,751,1166,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0C081CAFFAFFFAE18B610D2FD33FB69" box="[154,751,1166,1193]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE18B610D2FD33FB69" bold="true" box="[154,751,1166,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFAFFFAE188A10D2FD46FB69" authority="Vilhelmsen and Perrichot" authorityName="Vilhelmsen and Perrichot" box="[166,666,1166,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="judagroehnae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE188A10D2FE59FB68" bold="true" box="[166,389,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
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Vilhelmsen and Perrichot
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057CFFFAFFFAE1A8F10D2FD33FB69" box="[675,751,1166,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFAFFFAE19A110E1FE23FAF4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE19A110E1FE21FB16" blockId="8.[397,509,1213,1239]" box="[397,509,1213,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0C081CAFFAFFFAE19A110E1FE21FB16" box="[397,509,1213,1239]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE19A110E1FE21FB16" bold="true" box="[397,509,1213,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE19B410E1FE2EFB16" box="[408,498,1213,1239]" captionStart-0="Figure 6" captionStart-1="Figure 7" captionStart-2="Figure 8" captionStart-3="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="9.[113,178,1265,1289]" captionStartId-1="10.[129,194,1523,1547]" captionStartId-2="11.[113,178,1631,1655]" captionStartId-3="12.[129,194,1517,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,144,1237]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetBox-2="[114,1438,144,1603]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1466,152,1489]" captionTargetId-0="figure-289@9.[114,1458,144,1237]" captionTargetId-1="figure-211@10.[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetId-2="figure-112@11.[114,1458,144,1603]" captionTargetId-3="figure-149@12.[129,1473,144,1489]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionText-0="Figure 6. †Orussus juttagroehnae sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). Dorsal habitus (A). Photomicrograph. B, rendered from synchrotron scans (head and wings removed in reconstruction). White arrow = vein 1-Rs; red arrow = vein cu-a; green arrow = median metanotal carina; blue arrow = lateral metanotal carina; yellow arrow = mesoscutellar arm; dc = discal cell; n1 = pronotum; n2 = mesoscutum; pt = pterostigma; sc2 = mesoscutellum; t[n] = abdominal tergum [n]." captionText-1="Figure 7. †Orussus juttagroehnae sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). A, ventral habitus. B, lateral habitus. Green arrows = 3rd valvulae; white arrow = labrum; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; blue arrows = lateral carina of subantennal groove; black arrows = coronal teeth; cx3 = hind coxa; fe3 = hind femur; n1 = pronotum; pl1 = propleuron; pl2 = mesopleuron; s7 = abdominal sternum 7; t9 = tergum 9; tb1 = fore tibia." captionText-2="Figure 8. Orussus jutagroehnae sp* nov*, female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288)* A, photomicrograph* B–F, rendered from synchrotron scans* A, head, anterior* B, head, posterior* C, head, lateral, showing position of tentorium* D, tentorium in lateral view* E, head, dorsal, showing position of tentorium* F, tentorium in dorsal view* Black arrows = coronal teeth (ventral tooth with white head); white arrows = median longitudinal frontal carina; blue arrow = lateral carina of subantennal groove; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; yellow arrow = labrum; green arrows = occipital carina; violet arrow = glossa of labium; ata = anterior tentorial bridge; dta = dorsal tentorial bridge; lp = labial palp; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp; mtl = median tentorial lamella; of = occipital foramen; sc = scapus; teb = tentorial bridge*" captionText-3="Figure 9. Orussus jutagroehnae sp* nov*, female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288)* Ovipositor; Rendered from synchrotron scans* A, habitus, lateral with position of views indicated* B, profurca, posterior view* C, profurca and ovipositor loop, posterolateral view* D, complete ovipositor loop, lateral view* Black arrow = median groove on profurcal bridge; green arrows = dorsal branch of ovipositor loop; red arrows = ventral branch of ovipositor loop; blue arrows = profurca; fua = profurcal arm; fub = profurcal bridge; S1 = prosternum; 3vv = 3rd valvula*" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291337" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291339" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291341" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291343" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14291337/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14291339/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14291341/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14291343/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 6–9</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE18AD10A2FE23FAF4" blockId="8.[129,777,1278,1333]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE18AD10A2FEACFAD7" box="[129,368,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FF910C73FFAFFFAE1ABC10A2FE29FAF4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2195267A- 2F76-4A67-A2BD-893D44C90CD2</uuid>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFAFFFAE18AD110BFE52FA6C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE18AD110BFE52FA6C" blockId="8.[129,778,1366,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE18AD110BFE9DFAAE" box="[129,321,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5F3CFBFFAFFFAE1964110BFE52FA6C" collectionCode="CCGG" location="Priabonian" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="GPIH 5081" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="548C8804FFAFFFAE1964110BFE77FAAE" box="[328,427,1367,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="DB919EDDFFAFFFAE199D110BFDF7FAAF" box="[433,555,1366,1391]" collectionCode="GPIH" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8qxf-pkip" name="Geologisch-Palaeontologiches Institut der Universitt Haemburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">GPIH 5081</specimenCode>
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(CCGG no. 1288), a complete
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<specimenCount id="9D31FD2FFFAFFFAE18C4112AFEF0FA4F" box="[232,300,1398,1422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">female</specimenCount>
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preserved in a piece of Baltic amber dated as
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<geologicalTimeScale id="F917B60DFFAFFFAE18AD11CAFF23FA6C" box="[129,255,1430,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Late Eocene</geologicalTimeScale>
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(
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<location id="8EE8607DFFAFFFAE192711C9FEA2FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87B0FFAFFFAA18B610D2FD8AF87A:8EE8607DFFAFFFAE192711C9FEA2FA6C" box="[267,382,1429,1453]" name="Priabonian" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Priabonian</location>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFAFFFAE18AD1193FD75F8E1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE18AD1193FD75F8E1" blockId="8.[129,778,1487,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE18AD1193FF3BFA27" box="[129,231,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Ventral coronal teeth present, connected by faint U-shaped carina (Fig. 8A). Ventral transverse longitudinal carina fully developed, with median notch (
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<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE1A5D1251FD1AF9E7" box="[625,710,1549,1574]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-211@10.[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. †Orussus juttagroehnae sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). A, ventral habitus. B, lateral habitus. Green arrows = 3rd valvulae; white arrow = labrum; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; blue arrows = lateral carina of subantennal groove; black arrows = coronal teeth; cx3 = hind coxa; fe3 = hind femur; n1 = pronotum; pl1 = propleuron; pl2 = mesopleuron; s7 = abdominal sternum 7; t9 = tergum 9; tb1 = fore tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291339/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE1AF71251FD25F9E4" box="[731,761,1549,1573]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[114,1438,144,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-112@11.[114,1458,144,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Orussus jutagroehnae sp* nov*, female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288)* A, photomicrograph* B–F, rendered from synchrotron scans* A, head, anterior* B, head, posterior* C, head, lateral, showing position of tentorium* D, tentorium in lateral view* E, head, dorsal, showing position of tentorium* F, tentorium in dorsal view* Black arrows = coronal teeth (ventral tooth with white head); white arrows = median longitudinal frontal carina; blue arrow = lateral carina of subantennal groove; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; yellow arrow = labrum; green arrows = occipital carina; violet arrow = glossa of labium; ata = anterior tentorial bridge; dta = dorsal tentorial bridge; lp = labial palp; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp; mtl = median tentorial lamella; of = occipital foramen; sc = scapus; teb = tentorial bridge*" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291341/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8A</figureCitation>
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). Antennomeres 4 and 5 combined approximately the same length as antennomere 6, maxillary palp elongate, five-segmented (Fig. 8B). Fore coxa expanded medially. Median mesoscutal sulcus and notauli at most weakly developed, mesoscutellum triangular, acute, raised compared to surrounding sclerites (Fig. 6A, B). Forewing vein 1r arises from approximately middle of pterostigma; vein 1r-Rs well developed, elongate, discal cell trapezoid, proximal part broader than distal part (Fig. 6A).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFAFFFAF18AD131EFC5AF8FD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE18AD131EFB57FF06" blockId="8.[129,778,1857,1913]" lastBlockId="8.[825,1163,175,199]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE18AD131EFF2BF898" box="[129,247,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description:</emphasis>
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Female (
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<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE1971131DFE40F898" box="[349,412,1857,1881]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1265,1289]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1237]" captionTargetId="figure-289@9.[114,1458,144,1237]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. †Orussus juttagroehnae sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). Dorsal habitus (A). Photomicrograph. B, rendered from synchrotron scans (head and wings removed in reconstruction). White arrow = vein 1-Rs; red arrow = vein cu-a; green arrow = median metanotal carina; blue arrow = lateral metanotal carina; yellow arrow = mesoscutellar arm; dc = discal cell; n1 = pronotum; n2 = mesoscutum; pt = pterostigma; sc2 = mesoscutellum; t[n] = abdominal tergum [n]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291337/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE1986131EFE6BF898" box="[426,439,1858,1881]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-211@10.[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. †Orussus juttagroehnae sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). A, ventral habitus. B, lateral habitus. Green arrows = 3rd valvulae; white arrow = labrum; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; blue arrows = lateral carina of subantennal groove; black arrows = coronal teeth; cx3 = hind coxa; fe3 = hind femur; n1 = pronotum; pl1 = propleuron; pl2 = mesopleuron; s7 = abdominal sternum 7; t9 = tergum 9; tb1 = fore tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291339/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length 3.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B43FFAFFFAE1A41131DFD7AF898" box="[621,678,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Original body coloration not observable. Specimen very well preserved and well observable from most angles except for distal margin of right forewing, which is obscured by narrow cracks extending from the wings. Forewings folded above abdomen, obscuring it and the hindwings in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAE1B1514B5FA58FB4C" blockId="8.[825,1474,233,1165]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE1B1514B5FCAAFEC0" box="[825,886,233,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Ocellar corona narrow, distance between median ocellus and lateral coronal tooth less than ocellar width; ventral coronal teeth present, situated slightly medial to median coronal teeth; faint median frontal carinae extend ventrally from ventral coronal teeth and converge medially, forming U-shaped loop (Fig. 8A). Dorsal transverse and longitudinal frontal carinae absent. Ventral transverse frontal carina continuous medially and with slight incision, covering toruli in anterior view (Fig. 8A); carina laterally continuous with lateral carina of subantennal groove (Fig. 7). Frons and vertex areolate (Fig. 8A), genae with scattered punctures; frons, vertex, and genae without conspicuous pilosity. Postocular carina well developed for most of height of eye, occipital carinae present (Fig. 8B), continuous with distinct lateral carina of subantennal groove ventrally. Tentorium with median lamellae on anterior arm broadening posteriorly (Fig. 8E, F), lateral lamellae hardly developed; tentorial bridge narrow, arched, with distinct anterior process (Fig. 8F); dorsal tentorial arms arise posteriorly on anterior arms, short, apparently do not reach head capsule (Fig. 8C, D). Antennae with 10 antennomeres, covered with short hairs; scapus short, subcylindrical (Fig. 8A); combined length of antennomeres 4 and 5 approximately equal to antennomere 6; antennomere 9 longer than antennomeres 7 and 8 combined, swollen subapically, without carina laterally; antennomere 10 short, cylindrical, inserted subapically on antennomere 9 (Fig. 7). Labrum visible between mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE1DB41784FC8BFBD1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-211@10.[129,1473,144,1495]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. †Orussus juttagroehnae sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). A, ventral habitus. B, lateral habitus. Green arrows = 3rd valvulae; white arrow = labrum; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; blue arrows = lateral carina of subantennal groove; black arrows = coronal teeth; cx3 = hind coxa; fe3 = hind femur; n1 = pronotum; pl1 = propleuron; pl2 = mesopleuron; s7 = abdominal sternum 7; t9 = tergum 9; tb1 = fore tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291339/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A23FFAFFFAE1B4B17A4FC58FBD1" box="[871,900,1016,1040]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[114,1438,144,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-112@11.[114,1458,144,1603]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Orussus jutagroehnae sp* nov*, female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288)* A, photomicrograph* B–F, rendered from synchrotron scans* A, head, anterior* B, head, posterior* C, head, lateral, showing position of tentorium* D, tentorium in lateral view* E, head, dorsal, showing position of tentorium* F, tentorium in dorsal view* Black arrows = coronal teeth (ventral tooth with white head); white arrows = median longitudinal frontal carina; blue arrow = lateral carina of subantennal groove; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; yellow arrow = labrum; green arrows = occipital carina; violet arrow = glossa of labium; ata = anterior tentorial bridge; dta = dorsal tentorial bridge; lp = labial palp; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp; mtl = median tentorial lamella; of = occipital foramen; sc = scapus; teb = tentorial bridge*" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291341/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
), small, globose, with distinct ventrally directed hairs. Mandibles chisel-like, no teeth developed, with conspicuous distally pointing hairs laterally. Maxillary palps elongate, five-segmented, labial palps short, three-segmented (Fig. 8B); glossa of labium folded longitudinally, concave in posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAFFFAF1B1510F3FF64F9A0" blockId="8.[825,1474,1198,1911]" lastBlockId="9.[113,762,1421,1633]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAFFFAE1B1510F3FC54FB07" box="[825,904,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum dorsally short, of equal length throughout, deeply incurved posteriorly (Fig. 6B), laterally evenly punctured. Prosternum mostly concealed by propleura, diamondshaped, lateral margins diverging anteriorly, discrimen and discrimenal lamella distinct; profurcal arms extend obliquely anteriorly from posterior corners of prosternum, profurcal bridge low and straight, with distinct median groove accommodating lower branch of curved ovipositor (Fig. 9B), bridge not bent posteriorly. Fore coxa expanded medially; ventral carina on fore femur not observed; fore tibia swollen distally and subdivided by groove (Fig. 7); fore tarsus with three tarsomeres, basitarsus elongate and terminating in spur overlapping tarsomere 2. Mesoscutum finely punctate, not densely covered with hairs, median mesoscutal sulcus absent, notauli only developed as shallow grooves not reaching transscutal articulation posteriorly, parapsides present laterally and transscutal articulation posteriorly (Fig. 6); axillar flanges well developed; scutoscutellar sulcus well developed; mesoscutellum areolate-punctate, rounded triangular posteriorly (Fig. 6), raised and with smooth carinate lateral margins; mesoscutellar arms curved posteriorly, area anterior to arms raised to same level as arms; mesonotum continuous posterior to mesoscutellum. Mesopleuron areolate–punctate lateroventrally, mesosubalar carina present, mesepisternal carina absent; mid-coxa subdivided, with distinct lateral carina. Metanotum with median and lateral metanotal carinae well developed (Fig. 6B); metapleuron areolate across most of its surface; hind coxae not especially hairy laterally, with angled medioventral margin and well-developed posterolateral carina; ventral part of hind femur concealed; hind tibia with distinct pegs dorsally, longitudinal and ventral carinae not observed; apical hind tibial spurs short, of approximately equal length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48662EFFAEFFAF185D10ADFC63FA9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14291337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291337/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[113,178,1265,1289]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1237]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAEFFAF185D10ADFC63FA9C" blockId="9.[113,1440,1265,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAEFFAF185D10ADFF15FAC8" bold="true" box="[113,201,1265,1289]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFAEFFAF18F610ADFE7DFAC8" box="[218,417,1265,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAEFFAF18F610ADFE7DFAC8" box="[218,417,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). Dorsal habitus (A). Photomicrograph. B, rendered from synchrotron scans (head and wings removed in reconstruction). White arrow = vein 1-Rs; red arrow = vein cu-a; green arrow = median metanotal carina; blue arrow = lateral metanotal carina; yellow arrow = mesoscutellar arm; dc = discal cell; n1 = pronotum; n2 = mesoscutum; pt = pterostigma; sc2 = mesoscutellum; t[n] = abdominal tergum [n].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAEFFAF185D12D5FEA4F8FC" blockId="9.[113,763,1672,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAEFFAF185D12D5FF6AF961" box="[113,182,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing apparently without marked bands of infuscation; vein 2r-rs arise from approximately middle of pterostigma; vein 1-Rs well developed, elongate, discal cell trapezoid, proximal part higher than distal part (Fig. 6A); vein cu-a inserts on Cu1 only slightly distally to vein M. Hindwing venation cannot be observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAEFFAF185D1302FC5AF8FD" blockId="9.[113,762,1886,1910]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1459,1421,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAEFFAF185D1302FF0AF8B7" box="[113,214,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsally covered by wings, hence obscuring structural detail; laterally not particularly hairy, sculpture finely imbricate. Tergum 1 with weakly developed postspiracular carina, subspiracular carinae absent. Tergum 2 without median carina (Fig. 6B), with rectangular smooth area laterally abutting antecosta. Median apodemes observed on several abdominal sterna; sternum 7 externally with narrow median part delimited laterally and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 7A). Tergum 9 punctate, with low, longitudinal carinae delimiting concave depression medially, smooth areas and depressions absent. Tip of ovipositor slightly protruding from tip of abdomen, third valvulae exposed ventrally (Fig. 7A). Internally, complete ovipositor loop can be traced (Fig. 9D), loop simple, hairpin-like, anterior part of ventral branch runs through dorsal longitudinal groove of profurcal bridge (Fig. 9C); traces of ovipositor sack containing loop observed. Composite tergum 10/cercus triangular, not continuous medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFAEFFAF1B061301FCA9F875" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFAEFFAF1B061301FCA9F875" blockId="9.[810,1459,1885,1909]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1459,1916,1972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFAEFFAF1B061301FC45F8B4" box="[810,921,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet honours Mrs Jutta Gröhn, wife of Carsten Gröhn and longterm supporter of his passion for amber insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF48662EFFADFFAC18AD11AFFE79F99E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14291339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291339/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1523,1547]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1495]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFADFFAC18AD11AFFE79F99E" blockId="10.[129,1476,1523,1632]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC18AD11AFFF04F9CA" bold="true" box="[129,216,1523,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC18C511A8FE6CF9CA" box="[233,432,1523,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC18C511A8FE6CF9CA" box="[233,432,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). A, ventral habitus. B, lateral habitus. Green arrows = 3rd valvulae; white arrow = labrum; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; blue arrows = lateral carina of subantennal groove; black arrows = coronal teeth; cx3 = hind coxa; fe3 = hind femur; n1 = pronotum; pl1 = propleuron; pl2 = mesopleuron; s7 = abdominal sternum 7; t9 = tergum 9; tb1 = fore tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D652DFFADFFAA18AD12CCFD8AF87A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFADFFAC18AD12CCFADFF800" blockId="10.[129,778,1679,1923]" lastBlockId="10.[825,1474,1930,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC18AD12CCFF2DF966" box="[129,241,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC192612CCFE35F966" box="[266,489,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC192612CCFE35F966" box="[266,489,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays a character combination that unequivocally places it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC1A0D12F3FCD5F907" authority="Latreille 1796" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[545,777,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1A0D12F3FDB3F907" box="[545,623,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille 1796
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Diagnosis); this is corroborated by the phylogentic analyses (Fig. 10), which places the new species nested well inside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC18AD1351FF13F8E5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[129,207,1805,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC18AD1351FF13F8E5" box="[129,207,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC19781351FF6EF885" authority="Vilhelmsen and Blank 2014" authorityName="Vilhelmsen and Blank" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanumanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC19781351FDC0F8E5" box="[340,540,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus hanumanus</emphasis>
|
||
Vilhelmsen and Blank 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The RoguePlots (Supporting Information, Fig. S8) in a single instance places †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC19A51317FDF1F8A2" box="[393,557,1867,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC19A51317FDF1F8A2" box="[393,557,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC1AA61317FD04F8A3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[650,728,1867,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1AA61317FD04F8A3" box="[650,728,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with low probability. A putative autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC1AA01337FD06F843" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[652,730,1899,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1AA01337FD06F843" box="[652,730,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that
|
||
<pageTitle id="CBA8EEC1FFADFFAC18AD13D6FCD5F800" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
could not be confirmed in †
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC198413D6FD97F863" box="[424,587,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
is the presence of white spots on at least some legs (Vilhelmsen 2003) and also
|
||
</pageTitle>
|
||
on other body parts (e.g. face, antennae, pronotum, abdominal tip) in some species; given that the natural colour of the fossil specimen is not observable, white spots might well be present. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC1B6A12B2FBFCF8C4" box="[838,1056,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1B6A12B2FBFCF8C4" box="[838,1056,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC1D5812B2FC85F8E4" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1D5812B2FA1EF8C4" box="[1396,1474,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus</emphasis>
|
||
spp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. by the unique U-shaped configuration of the short median frontal carinae and the comparatively well-developed vein 1-Rs in the forewing. †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFADFFAC1BDC1317FB15F8A2" box="[1008,1225,1867,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1BDC1317FB15F8A2" box="[1008,1225,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the first fossil species described from the genus, and the oldest member of an extant
|
||
<pageTitle id="CBA8EEC1FFADFFAC1B1513D6FADFF800" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
orussid genus recorded so far; †
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFADFFAC1CA813D6FA9AF860" box="[1156,1350,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ophrynopus peritus</emphasis>
|
||
Engel 2008 is from the much younger Dominican amber.
|
||
</pageTitle>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48662EFFACFFAD185D1203FAF2F8C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14291341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14291341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14291341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1631,1655]" targetBox="[114,1438,144,1603]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFACFFAD185D1203FAF2F8C2" blockId="11.[113,1456,1631,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD185D1203FF15F9B6" bold="true" box="[113,201,1631,1655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD18E2123CFE49F9B6" box="[206,405,1631,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD18E2123CFE49F9B6" box="[206,405,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orussus juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., female holotype (GPIH 5081, CCGG nº 1288). A, photomicrograph. B–F, rendered from synchrotron scans. A, head, anterior. B, head, posterior. C, head, lateral, showing position of tentorium. D, tentorium in lateral view. E, head, dorsal, showing position of tentorium. F, tentorium in dorsal view. Black arrows = coronal teeth (ventral tooth with white head); white arrows = median longitudinal frontal carina; blue arrow = lateral carina of subantennal groove; red arrows = ventral frontal carina; yellow arrow = labrum; green arrows = occipital carina; violet arrow = glossa of labium; ata = anterior tentorial bridge; dta = dorsal tentorial bridge; lp = labial palp; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp; mtl = median tentorial lamella; of = occipital foramen; sc = scapus; teb = tentorial bridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836A6FFACFFAA18A11368FD8AF87A" blockId="11.[113,764,1843,1899]" lastBlockId="12.[129,777,1923,1979]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8804FFACFFAD1896136FFECAF88A" box="[186,278,1843,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD196A1368FE3BF88A" box="[326,487,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD196A1368FE3BF88A" box="[326,487,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also among the smallest specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD18D3130FFEA8F8AA" box="[255,372,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD18D3130FFE91F8AB" box="[255,333,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orussus</emphasis>
|
||
spp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. recorded; its body length of 3.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B43FFACFFAD1AED130FFD20F8AB" box="[705,764,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
ties with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD18FA132EFD9DF84B" authority="Middlekauff 1983" authorityName="Middlekauff" authorityYear="1983" box="[214,577,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD18FA132EFEA1F84B" box="[214,381,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orussus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
Middlekauff 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the lower end of the size range for this genus; the upper limit observed by Vilhelmsen (2004: table 2) being 16.0 mm (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD1A8013EDFBD2F88A" authority="Scopoli 1763" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[684,1038,1843,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abietinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD1A8013EDFC5DF88A" box="[684,897,1843,1992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orussus abietinus</emphasis>
|
||
Scopoli 1763
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This is the more remarkable as the †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD1DB01368FC72F8AA" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD1DB01368FC72F8AA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen is a female and females tend to be significantly larger than males; the smallest specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFACFFAD1D49132EFCA5F868" authorityName="Middlekauff" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFACFFAD1D49132EFCA5F868" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orussus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured by Vilhelmsen (2004) was a male. There is, of course, preservational bias favouring smaller insect fossils in amber, but †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFABFFAA19081294FE14F91E" box="[292,456,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jutagroehnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFABFFAA19081294FE14F91E" box="[292,456,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. juttagroehnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not the smallest orussid recorded. Among extant taxa, a female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFABFFAA1A2612BBFE68F8DF" authority="Schmidt and Vilhelmsen 2002" authorityName="Schmidt and Vilhelmsen" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Orussobaius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFABFFAA1A2612BBFCD5F93F" box="[522,777,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orussobaius minutissimus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B57FFABFFAA18AD135AFE68F8DF" author="Schmidt and Vilhelmsen" box="[129,436,1798,1822]" firstAuthor="Schmidt" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="226 - 35" refId="ref11398" refString="Schmidt S, Vilhelmsen L * Revision of the Australasian genus Orussobaius Benson, 1938 (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Orussidae) * Australian Journal of Entomology 2002; 41: 226 - 35 * hups: // doi * org / 10 * 1046 / j * 1440 - 6055 * 2002 * 00300 * x" type="journal article" year="2002">Schmidt and Vilhelmsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest with a body length of 2.0 mm (see:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B57FFABFFAA190D1379FDE4F8FC" author="Blank and Vilhelmsen" box="[289,568,1829,1853]" firstAuthor="Blank" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="83 - 103" refId="ref10349" refString="Blank SM, Vilhelmsen L * Two new parasitoid wasp species of the Australasian genus Orussobaius (Hymenoptera: Orussidae) * Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 2016; 74: 83 - 103 * hups: // doi * org / 10 * 3897 / asp * 74 * e 31841" type="journal article" year="2016">Blank and Vilhelmsen 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 11); among fossils, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFABFFAA18941319FDE3F89C" authority="Basibuyuk et al. 2000" authorityName="Basibuyuk" authorityYear="2000" box="[184,575,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Minyorussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFABFFAA18941319FEBAF89C" box="[184,358,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minyorussus luzzi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B57FFABFFAA19461319FDE3F89C" author="Basibuyuk" box="[362,575,1861,1885]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Basibuyuk" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="305 - 11" refId="ref10240" refString="Basibuyuk HH, Quicke DLJ, Rasnitsyn AP * A new genus of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber * In: Grimaldi D (ed *), Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey * Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2000, 305 - 11 *" type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Basibuyuk
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFABFFAA19F61319FDDBF89C" box="[474,519,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male, 2.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B43FFABFFAA1AB01319FD0FF89D" box="[668,723,1861,1885]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and possibly †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D25FFABFFAA18C51339FDA5F8BD" authority="Rasnitsyn 1977" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1977" box="[233,633,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Orussidae" genus="Mesorussus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taimyrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAB4FFABFFAA18C51339FE11F8BD" box="[233,461,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesorussus taimyrensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B57FFABFFAA19FB1338FDA5F8BD" author="Rasnitsyn" box="[471,633,1892,1916]" firstAuthor="Rasnitsyn" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="349 - 357" refId="ref11217" refString="Rasnitsyn AP * New Hymenoptera from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Asia * Paleontological Journal 1977; 11: 349 - 357 [English translation from Russian of Paleontologiceskij Zurnal 3: 98 - 108] *" type="journal article" year="1977">Rasnitsyn 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[female,
|
||
<pageTitle id="CBA8EEC1FFABFFAA18AD13DFFD8AF87A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">possibly 1.75 mm—body length of incomplete fossil estimated by Vilhelmsen (2004)] are the smallest recorded.</pageTitle>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |