235 lines
25 KiB
XML
235 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7B4AB9D8F1E5672FA5D5BD2977DE7E44">Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F42BE7CBA89D3CF8AAA0B0E361A0F4B0">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F05C7F11A5D5623E73A570EBB6A578E">Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0449F0A19B420D7E16761BFC13931F09">De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F7FFB8FCDA0EDBD736EBD94DD6C64079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360729" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7FFB8FCDA0EDBD736EBD94DD6C64079" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7FFB8FCDA0EDBD736EBD94DD6C64079" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Pachastrellidae" scope_order="Astrophorida" scope_phylum="Porifera" scope_subGenus="Corticellopsis">
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<subSubSection id="F87F66797FFB8861A7A57895E5841A2D" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6672B78079EF4446726BD5B9376C9C57" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="BD1E48EEE264C2D33A6E1C7B5F487FDB" ID-CoL="Q4R3" authority="Schmidt, 1868" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1868" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Corticellopsis) stelligera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligera" subGenus="Corticellopsis">
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<pageBreakToken id="EF480B8973A777E420ABC40485A3AC5C" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">Calthropella</pageBreakToken>
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Corticellopsis stelligera (Schmidt, 1868)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 32
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<normalizedToken id="C64D35D41B4DF81DE9FC86D5DFE5B84B" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A84A1411540ABA651302777E4E1A4A10" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="682533F688370206F4DFC1157AE6D14E" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="6212A5AD4D48682FCC6C41868CE6C59F" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Corticium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticium stelligerum" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligerum">Corticium stelligerum</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="DCE2BB01747DE2783A87AC977F3A9BF3" author="Schmidt, O" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Die Spongien der Kueste von Algier" volumeTitle="Mit Nachtraegen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement)" year="1868">Schmidt 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 25, pl. III fig. 6;
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<bibRefCitation id="21CBF3706D45D85388AC2D86ED9FA1D7" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R" journalOrPublisher="Museum d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="O. Schmidt Sponge Catalogue" volumeTitle="An illustrated guide to the Graz Museum Collection, with notes on additional material" year="1992">
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<normalizedToken id="7C3B107AD68FD8152851CFC3F511BF08" originalValue="Desqueyroux-Faúndez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
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||
and Stone 1992
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 10, pl. I figs 4-6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA710B19D88D9D4940D69462453DD2C2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="03E6E9C6CC42388EC4D5D200F81FD12D" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Corticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticella stelligera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligera">Corticella stelligera</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FB989F003C0576EAAA1B8F78C867A086" author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 458" title="Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876" volume="25" year="1888">Sollas 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 281;
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<bibRefCitation id="6B3BD8433C1B83EFDEFDEE42802CFCF6" author="Lendenfeld, R von" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Klasse" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="91 - 204" title="Die Tetractinelliden der Adria. (Mit einem Anhange ueber die Lithistiden)." volume="61" year="1894">Lendenfeld 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 18, pl. II fig. 11, pl. III fig. 49;
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<bibRefCitation id="589C7E3C1385878CDE63BDE2AB1C6DF6" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale (3)" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="493 - 590" title="Etude monographique des Spongiaires de France. II. Carnosa" volume="3" year="1895">Topsent 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 339, pl. XXII fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE74661E525704EE76F2B42426BE70BF" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="D3264410613AF7B8EAA474F39E79578C" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Corticellopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticellopsis stelligera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligera">Corticellopsis stelligera</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E2764BA73F2CEC8B6BDC76C04847BAAB" author="Bergquist, PR" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 105" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1. (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida)" volume="188" year="1968">Bergquist 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 62.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF302B79626991E83CE5107C771B9868" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="51C850C5F18F7E62F6EB3E2BD80180C9" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella stelligera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligera">Calthropella stelligera</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="08EAA029C9F62923BD69E9056EEB6A20" author="Cruz, T" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="75 - 87" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los espongiarios de las islas Canarias. 1. Demosponjas ' Homosclerophorida y Astrophorida' del litoral de Tenerife." volume="6" year="1982">Cruz and Bacallado 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 81;
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<bibRefCitation id="B1021071083951CA6303C031A8370B6F" author="Cruz, T" journalOrPublisher="S / C Tenerife" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Esponjas marinas de Canarias" volumeTitle="Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias" year="2002">Cruz 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 89;
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<bibRefCitation id="77AED47C07F25496C4DCEF0D13E8D9A1" author="Voultsiadou, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="593 - 598" title="Rare sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae) species from the Mediterranean Sea." volume="84" year="2004">Voultsiadou and Vafidis 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 593.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0034012B0FB227EDE15E3E109F8F0496" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="ADDDDC751E22002E6F766B3D63EF1106" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="895042798D5FD6E2FB40C72E5B51EC33" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Type fragment of LMJG 15352 from Sebenico, Northern Adriatic (slide in ZMA). There are further fragments, not examined, BMNH 1867.7.26.14, 45, 104, BMNH 1910.1.1.863, MZUS P0005, and slides BMNH 1868.3.2.5 and ZMB 6563).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65D6CDB9818A5232CD2D63A895899673" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2B98AF5C5787C9C5209960D6BEB5C18E" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6BD4648788F765DD6ED926010DAEFFED" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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From
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<bibRefCitation id="A3FFB5CFBA5F95D7D3B492F2EF2B61A1" author="Schmidt, O" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Die Spongien der Kueste von Algier" volumeTitle="Mit Nachtraegen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement)" year="1868">Schmidt (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="D4E1ADB4E8885AF8D06076D602999C38" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale (3)" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="493 - 590" title="Etude monographique des Spongiaires de France. II. Carnosa" volume="3" year="1895">Topsent (1895)</bibRefCitation>
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, based on a fragment presented to the British Museum (Natural History), BMNH 1910.1.1.863. Encrusting on corals and bridging crevices between coral branches, thickness about 5 mm. Colour white (in dry condition), yellowish inside.
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<bibRefCitation id="529F733FEA132491F1DFD9C33DA71A6F" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R" journalOrPublisher="Museum d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="O. Schmidt Sponge Catalogue" volumeTitle="An illustrated guide to the Graz Museum Collection, with notes on additional material" year="1992">
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||
<normalizedToken id="A52906D810C466D81560B1ABDC04ABC0" originalValue="Desqueyroux-Faúndez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
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||
and Stone (1992)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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picture the Schmidt specimen of which a fragment was studied from Sebenico as a massively encrusting sponge of 4
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<normalizedToken id="D67A860D70560DB11FE082AEADD5E460" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4 cm, encrusted and riddled with shells. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="F2BD35A3BA3C3A741FE2E5CA4B8990AD" author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 458" title="Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876" volume="25" year="1888">Sollas (1888)</bibRefCitation>
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it has a thickness of 5 mm.
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<bibRefCitation id="FD17960441D5F2C299157C9F7CE8F35D" author="Cruz, T" journalOrPublisher="S / C Tenerife" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Esponjas marinas de Canarias" volumeTitle="Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias" year="2002">Cruz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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reports pale yellow or greyish live colour. The World Porifera Database (
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<bibRefCitation id="84C63C4093753005E1E1C6D2DD8EEC15" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="World Porifera database" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera" year="2008">van Soest et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) has an in situ picture made by Dr B. Picton from a locality just off the coast of Marseille showing a pale yellow colour. No apparent oscules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DFF83DCCFDDE4A82AA749A544C22A91" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Skeleton: densely spiculous at the surface, organic with few spicules in the interior. No definite skeletal structure.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5E46DF9278998BAF268506A75562E85" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Spicules: calthrops, euasters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D14B4564AE7E2F0AEAE8B67DA26D6745" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Calthrops (Fig. 32B) or short-shafted triaenes (Fig. 32A), variable in size, cladi 142
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<normalizedToken id="EA9CC377E727ED36B2B4283A93D3F10F" originalValue="–288.2–">-288.2-</normalizedToken>
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356
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<normalizedToken id="661AB196DE0A6B4BCC9FA69563D5B23C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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16
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<normalizedToken id="F799AAA7BB034A56B31A690A265D1EB8" originalValue="–25.6–">-25.6-</normalizedToken>
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33
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<normalizedToken id="85F05FCD71E452E988CCA1EF1B3042E6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(cladomes 212
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<normalizedToken id="403F1D4AC2260FCEB0780E4F5DA9C8D8" originalValue="–436.0–">-436.0-</normalizedToken>
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570
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<normalizedToken id="14EFD0CBD6F4D960015B2A217DBFE62A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), Topsent gives cladus lengths 130-400
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<normalizedToken id="866214116CFC8F361E7C0FE10C98FB57" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12-30
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<normalizedToken id="A05846084377DBC06545F1F1B253D596" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F774A1B9F7486698633D5ED0EDF2C637" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Microscleres euasters in two categories (although the LMJG fragment available to us only contained a single one: strongylasters 16
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<normalizedToken id="AA09EFCD821ADD08108AB29F0897155E" originalValue="–20.2–">-20.2-</normalizedToken>
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22
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<normalizedToken id="B70C127361A4ED3B765CD4D64259D547" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter (Fig. 32C) with microspined rays in the studied fragment).
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<bibRefCitation id="2DB9B695AA29D553BDD8E60DB5C82126" author="Schmidt, O" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Die Spongien der Kueste von Algier" volumeTitle="Mit Nachtraegen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement)" year="1868">Schmidt (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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gives 20
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<normalizedToken id="17824EB2B34AD32BABC8DDA4614B5466" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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as size of the strongylasters, whereas the oxyasters were measured by him as 50
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<normalizedToken id="E551FBEFDB90BDE1299F1F92652A3658" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Topsent gives only ray lengths, 30
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<normalizedToken id="1ABD6A3AF72E12EF7EE96D0AB0171E96" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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for the oxyasters (which could conform to 50
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<normalizedToken id="C1F8E869341FAE0CC6CE7D6171A713A2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in overall diameter), and 4-7
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<normalizedToken id="1240729C8C1A3348DB3A2471B35F1F42" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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for the
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<normalizedToken id="CC9F49F339EB16F89422B75F1B29A03A" originalValue="‘chiasters’">'chiasters'</normalizedToken>
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(which seems a bit too short for an overall 20
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<normalizedToken id="F93A80881E311C702C66019D9DD98FF1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter mentioned by Schmidt). Presumably the various type specimens have considerable size variation in the asters.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="892F1BE48D855935B7025C43C4A50161" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="5B3A7C3AB4783CAA80CA1337BBA9BCAE" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Figure 32.
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<taxonomicName id="FE17D64CC8A58B50F966CE3749A8F514" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Corticellopsis) stelligera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stelligera" subGenus="Corticellopsis">Calthropella (Corticellopsis) stelligera</taxonomicName>
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, one of the types, LMJG 15352 from Sebenico, Northern Adriatic, A overview of megascleres B calthrops C cortical strongylasters (oxyasters were not present in the studied fragment).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="165B3E6DA43A540C8110E0910523DC7A" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E604D2FB125D56E344B0792FDFBD913" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0AFA80EC27DD16B8FA70D205BD367A8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fairly shallow water, from intertidal caves to 20 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="865751315D238570C1F27FE59E2A58AD" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E3BAB40A49403C031DE0E0F5326C52F" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="62525E5260EDEB2FFC224FA55A175898" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Adriatic; Marseille; Canary Islands; NW Aegean Sea, 39°N; 25°E (Algeria is given by previous authors, but this is probably based on a misunderstanding of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4286D701166CD53CFB3096305C8CF3B9" originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
|
||
text).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FDE8AE3D328BA2B6F020D6E06A7CC3C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="A795F7ED4C863A18C858516AB9C8B1CA" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AABC290BBE39C00ABB06CDE7C548E985" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The species is the type of the preoccupied genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A3E89B1B6333FC380E96822AF2C6155" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Corticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticella" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Corticella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sollas (1888) replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECA91A7C7E326E167E2FF37D29ABF9AB" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Corticellopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticellopsis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Corticellopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bergquist, 1968 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F02E4D9552036F8EBB336A4F54EAAD3E" author="Van Soest, RWM" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="127 - 133" title="Family Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1907" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges" year="2002">Van Soest and Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for details). It is apparently quite rare as there are only a few records from the Mediterranean (Northern Adriatic, Greece, and unconfirmed from Marseille). Schmidt (l.c.) mentions Algeria in his text, but very probably refers to another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD8EFF25E1EBD079B9BD31411F6B5891" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Corticium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corticium" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Corticium</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20F6B6DD9659C3376AC43242DA27BE59" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella candelabrum" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="candelabrum">Calthropella candelabrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDB9F9849B7E1EB4996DC0F5569A5B2" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella plicatum" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatum">Calthropella plicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BDE2096D7BF076E18353501B512F24" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus">Dercitus plicatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The species has been reported recently from the Canary Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21E94F85CF6B5BCB42EE62489D14BD83" author="Cruz, T" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="75 - 87" title="Contribucion al conocimiento de los espongiarios de las islas Canarias. 1. Demosponjas ' Homosclerophorida y Astrophorida' del litoral de Tenerife." volume="6" year="1982">Cruz and Bacallado 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="842A89D7741373972CDCF41467EA0F9D" author="Cruz, T" journalOrPublisher="S / C Tenerife" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="Esponjas marinas de Canarias" volumeTitle="Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias" year="2002">Cruz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as pale yellow or grey masses with a skeleton of calthrops with cladi of 60-320
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D57E0963F3052352A362E29DBED6EF27" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, irregular chiasters (strongylasters) of 8-23
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95EE216D2233321C91BE674B6C298602" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter, drawn with smooth rays,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A43309B699CC61CFA2DC74A84D876D34" originalValue="five–rayed">five-rayed</normalizedToken>
|
||
oxyasters also drawn with smooth rays of 16-40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6CC7AEA43323D0FC87D5C2AE589BFCFD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA6B15333B6D9B3AEFF2288AB6B467C4" author="Voultsiadou, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="593 - 598" title="Rare sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae) species from the Mediterranean Sea." volume="84" year="2004">Voultsiadou and Vafidis (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
give calthrops cladi of 120-240
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A45C2F0FB448F791EBA8339A769AB9FE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E2D4855EB0D18BCC88D6821FBB1B5CF6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCB3A49CF846EA662516AA9217E20706" originalValue="‘chiasters’">'chiasters'</normalizedToken>
|
||
with 5-8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FD461D8BC45D405991BFFF7F27CD14F4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
ray lengths, and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5A10F8C4B058142D7154406F50791BFC" originalValue="six–rayed">six-rayed</normalizedToken>
|
||
oxyasters of 20-28
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AA4F47AF3D397229BB09574FD987EEAB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
ray length. They also mention the presence of considerable amounts of oxeas, but these were assumed to be foreign. The various measurements
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="1354013744C1EF164FE94DA0F552DE21" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
either ray length or overall diameter make it difficult to monitor the size variation of the asters. This species needs to be revised further, based on examination of all extant specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |