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<document id="DC60B44CE8825590CB854B84E2515663" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184" ID-ZooBank="D45D45AB-9525-4911-825D-900982CFE71C" ID-publisher-id="124184" URI-arpha="55833123-007C-5413-8766-335FB1AFBFC3" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/D45D45AB-9525-4911-825D-900982CFE71C" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723647139889" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ji, Bao-Yue, Guo, Tong-Yang, Gu, Mei-Chang, Ren, Guo-Dong &amp; Li, Xiu-Min" docDate="2024" docId="BD497C5011705A5989D3C389B2E9E952" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1209: 295-314" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1209" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/124184/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="314" masterDocId="55833123007C54138766335FB1AFBFC3" masterDocTitle="Description of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnoses" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="295" pageNumber="295" updateTime="1723647202906" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="0A415710801DC31E92EAD63F0A1BCBCE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="D54C1B12E87CBF8A847967F48EBD64A4">Description of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnoses</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2A9DA4446BF76009505C03CACA2DA97B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3FDBEAE8ADCA7A46BC92172EBE9D1557">Ji, Bao-Yue</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F6658754857B0528E43716F73629EE8A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9250-5481</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A49B48B3A5A17B4C3BF23EF1F8B43838">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6A5EA1C1CB4A9DD7C1F29B6A6944C457">Guo, Tong-Yang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F5F00C4A957A74E95EA37265B477856E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1880-7045</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0AEE4F04B7974D38AABE3CC2D74C04D6">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="6B98EBDBB8972D999FC10B67087F5F8E">Gu, Mei-Chang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A3F7C87A4DF03B62103FF333D3B8B899" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6617-4572</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F027435AE960469950DA259CDAD14918">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="1160C15D61758638B53F746CCC402F35">Ren, Guo-Dong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3295195B15E07666F993199D91ADBF0F" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5808-9122</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="18B557F0DDF3EE13B3BD9DF221F5F893">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6DDAA75FBD1DDD8A6383D59D7D864D32">Li, Xiu-Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B35FAAEBFBE8DBF796B841AA47CA76E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0575-1869</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DE93F900150C10CE2E1FC4455C3DC3B8">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="413871A2BC9C13DDA6C6385B15489E6E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="F682D3FAF9440468DB3CB35AB6F498BC">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D0F8C4ED3168B321EBBC9B058E229F1E">2024-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3C187B3BAE5178433FEC1B2D4D3B8084">1209</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="52B21B9A38ACD27E9FD78035CC7A3232">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A6ACEBF761866C62956A5181DC551AFB" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="810733579F4692232788A5C1A6F0761F" type="ZooBank">D45D45AB-9525-4911-825D-900982CFE71C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BD497C5011705A5989D3C389B2E9E952" ID-arpha="BD497C50-1170-5A59-89D3-C389B2E9E952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD497C5011705A5989D3C389B2E9E952" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD497C5011705A5989D3C389B2E9E952">
<subSubSection id="81C5878263CB205FCA76BF8D88AAAF68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42D3418A4BD6DC39055F7614812F4E2">
<taxonomicName id="F7CB655DFBCE5EB405BE325A7C98471D" authority="Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007" authorityName="Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gnaptorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kangmar">
<emphasis id="91586F9E290F301A7C98FD18299F7076" italics="true">Gnaptorina kangmar</emphasis>
Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EI3AG" type="material">
<paragraph id="E94E5E176A5F6D51DE65EFFB172CA6C6">
<heading id="73C6F8C313C517FD0C0C36B1963B5D6A" reason="title">Examined materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5B24FE0CA55AB90B612898B3EC48BAB">
<emphasis id="3904B55267867A51EF931B33EAF1614A" bold="true">Larvae.</emphasis>
27 exx. (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EQ3AG" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="52FA1DC7BFAA39F8D5B4696E5CBDA622">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Nai Chin Kangsang Snow Mountain,
<collectingRegion id="1EB556AD0AD4F470AF94DCE4788729DC" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EY3AG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[90.164167,28.898333]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9F586ACA0A9D1D8E4631F1E44513B682" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="53.90" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="28.898333">28 ° 53.90 ’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C745C86823BC52556EBB69F95646B554" degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="09.85" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="90.16417">90 ° 09.85 ’ E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
/ Alt.
<quantity id="EB2A2AA5106A43490BCCA1DBF6975A2A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029999999999999" unit="m" value="5030.0">5030 m</quantity>
/
<date id="45D7F4B10CE26E76EED3AAA43BD622AC" value="2014-08-06">2014 - VIII- 6</date>
/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.; 21 exx. (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E43AG" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="3616FAE8128168D5F8ECC400374BE439">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
): Gyangzê County,
<collectingRegion id="C94AA6CFF1C561341DA9FA8F977EB58C" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang</collectingRegion>
/
<date id="C7202D1ED3BAEC13816D66B33F80D53B" value="2014-08-06">2014 - VIII- 6</date>
/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EC4AG" type="description">
<paragraph id="C83B4D62B30926D2D041C28073AEF36C">
<heading id="7F27842080D49A8FAE8CBAED159C1F07" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="835CBB92A9ED1B7DD221AC67B758A25C">
<emphasis id="0991A4146BEBEBA9E506C39F06282626" bold="true" italics="true">Body</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="69E0613537731400D47394EF6C98DE4C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 A – C</figureCitation>
). Larvae length 19.2–20.0 mm, width
<quantity id="2D1555F7FA3AFE0A447374D51B4DBF01" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
, moderately thickened. Body yellowish brown, shiny, body wall ossified; median line obvious on pronotum and mesonotum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7A32AA05D05A2D2EBDC16F530F0FB998" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" ID-arpha="3C1440E3-D5DE-57FC-9A20-ACF0398CB96B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="9A12C24334DCD8D628E8CF534CCEDA3F">
<label id="7008E5B7702E06F1FB3FEE581E78F713">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D87468DEBAFD2F3F17A35B0483B7C59">
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="B32175A0C41F9EFB457C39D41EA42624" authority="Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007" authorityName="Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gnaptorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kangmar">
<emphasis id="A5ABD07AAAF9F92E31A7F281EE8FE6C2" italics="true">Gnaptorina kangmar</emphasis>
Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0BE745DDD44F303135F7D3959A304D19" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis id="2E739C9F8597B66F3AE978538E072697" bold="true">B</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis id="2DE087CF79DD7C2019C5B6A7D18AE6C7" bold="true">C</emphasis>
habitus, ventral view
<emphasis id="014BE6CC0DDF94C6635FD5010D22BB91" bold="true">D</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis id="39719922CEE124FFAE6081699FE0EEBE" bold="true">E</emphasis>
head, ventral view
<emphasis id="8280B4353B6E8E4CFE1A4CA0D0F06156" bold="true">F</emphasis>
head, vertex view
<emphasis id="770AAAA9BEBA9BB5D30B3D467A7249AB" bold="true">G</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis id="684FA906C3A7B59905AB244C3B066C19" bold="true">H</emphasis>
prothoracic leg, lateral view
<emphasis id="948E9FB7B792B1E886853AC269C4752A" bold="true">I</emphasis>
mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view
<emphasis id="36DBE18F1D4DE5FE891D319165EBEB46" bold="true">J</emphasis>
pygopods, dorsal view
<emphasis id="A4CB523451EA918B5C75A29D09EEB40B" bold="true">K</emphasis>
pygopods, ventral view
<emphasis id="AAD41FE99F93A8B27405108F294D4E2A" bold="true">L</emphasis>
pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis id="71B1D1B0D74746945F864EB806077A92" bold="true">A – C</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis id="ED927F1F41A91EBFDD49E04EFE8B9B64" bold="true">D – F, H – L</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="FDFDC9FDA3F90B99A2A69F5BA8761E8E" bold="true">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AE49978004D5FF794E6E9EF13D172834">
<emphasis id="193EFC083906032549F8FC50F0CB92B1" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="D9EB600D17CCADE9996B12E67382C988" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 B, D – G</figureCitation>
). Labrum transverse; apical part with six setae; anterior margin with two discal and six slender lateral marginal setae; epipharynx with sparse setae on lateral margin, with two basal spines on central area, between the basal spines with four mastoids, with six mastoids above the basal spines; mandible left-right unsymmetrical, membranous elevation with two setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B8C3E5D24551D6B53886DD5EB27BC1F8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 D, E, G</figureCitation>
). Epicranial stem Y-shaped; frons convex, with sparse setae on lateral margins, with four pairs of setae at apex (a pair on anterior margin, a pair on middle margin, two pairs on mid-posterior margin) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0DC50E3403FC00EA83A5E194D2BA60D6" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 D, F</figureCitation>
). Ocelli evident, two parallel rows arranged transversely (Fig.
<figureCitation id="89D515D936351B31D5AC0B428F07F0A7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 B</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpi (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DFD50DA2F1E98F1E74C0EC9EC6C4AB08" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 E</figureCitation>
) three-segmented, cylindrical, and conical at apex; I widest, II longest. Labial palps two-segmented, short; II conical; prementum short, with two setae on anterior margin, apex with two long setae; mentum convex, trapezoidal, base of mentum straight; mentum wide and short, lateral margin with five or six long setae, mid-posterior margin with two long setae; submentum with nine setae on middle margin. Antennae three-segmented, cylindrical at apex; I longest; III shortest and narrowest (Fig.
<figureCitation id="778E6D34BFE242E184921E9AB37B4788" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 B, D – G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="347AC6886DE8C342FDFB85A477BD1EB4">
<emphasis id="ABB0520634384B5CCEAD512297476C69" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="A9E1306A2C426B28CE8C86FD4E8EF6A2" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum and mesonotum with four pairs of setae (two pairs of setae on anterior margin, two pairs of setae on posterior margin); metanotum with three pairs of long setae, a pair on mid-anterior margin, two pairs on middle. Anterior and posterior borders of pronotum with brown longitudinal stripes; posterior border of mesonotum and metanotum with a brown longitudinal stripe. Pronotum longest, 2.03 × as long as mesonotum, 1.89 × as long as metanotum, mesonotum shortest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6695E614F69BCFC8AFF46902167403DF">
<emphasis id="097AA856C5B51B1DCB1EB8D40E6E37B9" bold="true" italics="true">Legs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="F0C2D466AE912DDA5FDA5B61429B5743" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 H, I</figureCitation>
). Protarsungulus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base. Profemora and protibiae gradually narrowing towards apex; inner margin setal formula of prothoracic leg 5 (1): 7 (5–6): 2 (2); outer margin of tibiae with two strong and short spines; outer margin of femora with two setae; trochanter with three setae. Mesotarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of mesothoracic leg 4 (2): 4 (2): 2 (2); outer margin of tibiae with two spines; outer margin of femora with two spines; outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta (Fig.
<figureCitation id="747CAEE3D652C06E9973CAF01D7B997E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 H</figureCitation>
). Metatarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of metathoracic leg 4 (3): 5 (2): 2 (2), outer margin of tibiae with two spines, outer margin of femora with two spines, outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="17D432954C64BB2235C57DF267ACE545">
<emphasis id="AEABC7C2D721CB525F14AA73A15FB76E" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="E24F421B61E01E056D5243666ABB1567" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 A, C</figureCitation>
). Not constricted between VIII and IX segments Approximately 2.68 × as long as thorax; abdominal segments I – VIII subcylindrical, with transverses plicae; ventral side of abdominal segment I with 12 setae on anterior margin and six setae on each side, with two pairs of setae on posterior margin; ventral side of abdominal segment II with seven pairs of setae (five pairs of setae on lateral margin, two pairs of setae on posterior margin); ventral side of abdominal segments III – VIII with three pairs of setae (two pairs of setae on mid-lateral margin, a pairs of setae on posterior margin); ventral side of abdominal segment VIII with four pairs of setae on lateral margin and two pairs of setae on posterior margin. Last segment conical, 0.91 × as long as VIII, distinctly narrower than VIII; last segment surface of convex disc with sparse long setae in ventral view, with a row of short spines on each side (five spines on left, five spines on right); last segment dorsally flattened, urogomphi inconspicuous, with two short spines (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1EA89A288ED8A9DABE090C5BDA22974F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 J – L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A660EE0F43F031FF4C0422A9BDFB24C3">
<emphasis id="D0F877DDD3DB69D8F7DE55D604ADB050" bold="true">
<emphasis id="A0E49468F7EF845183088A7FAC4B28A7" bold="true" italics="true">Spiracles</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="7D7217F7669D53483F5A98F161BAB60E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larva of Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren &amp; Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A – C); 1 mm (D – F, H – L); 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113499">7 C</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
). Lateral margins of abdominal segments I – VIII and mesothorax each with a pair of oval spiracles, mesothorax spiracles much larger than abdominal spiracles, abdominal segments I – VIII spiracles gradually shrinking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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