254 lines
41 KiB
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254 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="01280DA1BE907B47BFB2B18A8D7AD7F2" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2023.024" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621434" ID-ZooBank="B94E1D89-5827-404D-821F-2DA8339FFB58" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707165741765" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A. & Rafael, José Albertino" docDate="2023" docId="C00B8781CC04F1505A815C2F25C6139F" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.63.2.383-395.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2023.024" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Chalarus connexus Rafael 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="389" masterDocId="3C32FFF9CC01F156593658522770174A" masterDocTitle="Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species" masterLastPageNumber="395" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="388" updateTime="1707166334007" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="99BA244B7BD2D2BC5E94D9F5F16044F9">Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA44707B8476ACA879C0F3D4A978C45">Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9C4861A1B9889EFFEEFF488D3F5B02B">Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, - LEUA-, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia: e-mail: ya. ramos @ udla. edu. co; ORCID: 0000 - 0002 - 3193 - 6659 & Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FB669BC893CEACCD52918EB6660D69D2">Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2F272607B46DDF15EB0EE51785EAE85">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9953E2C6D8E14284DFD10F34EB3DBE70">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B9F5A3AB086B4BFCCBE0F3F7F6DBDF36">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3859A147544C5566071E4E0E6162BE92">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" ID-CoL="TFJR" authority="Rafael, 1988" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1988" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexus">
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" bold="true" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A815C2F23FD13DF" bold="true" box="[951,1165,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Chalarus connexus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535DA25C2C225013DF" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1172,1312,1150,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9615" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1988: Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao Neotropical. I. Redescricao de Chalarus chilensis Collin, comb. n. e descricao de duas especies novas da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1988">Rafael, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535D135CCE23C313E5" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[1061,1203,1180,1199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC04F1535D1D5CCE23FE13E5" box="[1067,1166,1180,1199]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Figs 33–43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC04F1535DA05CCE23DC13E5" box="[1174,1196,1180,1199]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-164@10.[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621452/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">55</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1535A0A5CEC248A126B" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5CEC227E139B" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1294,1214,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535A0A5CEC2319139B" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[828,1129,1214,1233]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1988">
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<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC04F1535A0A5CEC2319139B" ID-CoL="TFJR" authority="Rafael, 1988: 6" authorityName="Rafael" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1988" box="[828,1129,1214,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexus">
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5CEC24AF139B" box="[828,991,1214,1233]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Chalarus connexus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535AD35CEC2319139B" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[997,1129,1214,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9615" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1988: Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao Neotropical. I. Redescricao de Chalarus chilensis Collin, comb. n. e descricao de duas especies novas da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1988">Rafael, 1988: 6</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC04F1535D455CEC227A139B" box="[1139,1290,1214,1233]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–11" captionStart-1="Figs 12–22" captionStartId-0="3.[151,188,1881,1900]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,188,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1431,184,1863]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,188,2012]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@3.[138,1449,170,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[136,1447,172,2026]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs 1–11. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990 (IAvH–M1271). Male. 1 – habitus, left lateral view; 2 – habitus, dorsal view; 3 – antenna; 4 – thorax, dorsal view; 5 – wing; 6 – abdomen, dorsal view; 7 – terminalia, dorsal view; 8 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 9 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 10a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, right lateral view, 10b – phallus dorsal view; 11 – ejaculatory apodeme." captionText-1="Figs 12–22. Chalarus boyacensis sp. nov. (IAvH–M1271). Holotype male. 12 – habitus, left lateral view; 13 – habitus, dorsal view; 14 – antenna; 15 – thorax, dorsal view; 16 – wing; 17 – abdomen, dorsal view; 18 – terminalia, dorsal view; 19 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 20 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 21a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 21b – phallus dorsal view; 22 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621436" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621440" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10621436/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10621440/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Figs 1–13, 20–21</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5C8B248A126B" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="68B211B9CC04F1535A0A5C8B248A126B" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC04F1535A0A5C8B249013A6" ID-CoL="TFJR" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1988" box="[828,992,1241,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexus">
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5C8B249013A6" box="[828,992,1241,1260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Chalarus connexus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535ADA5C8B23FE13A6" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1004,1166,1241,1260]" page="48" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535ADA5C8B23FE13A6" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1004,1166,1241,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">RAFAEL (1990: 48)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535DAE5C8B224813A6" author="JERVIS M. A." box="[1176,1336,1241,1260]" page="346" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535DAE5C8B224813A6" author="JERVIS M. A." box="[1176,1336,1241,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="243 - 352" refId="ref9111" refString="JERVIS M. A. 1992: A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">JERVIS (1992: 346)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535C775C8B24C2124D" author="DE MEYER M." page="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535C775C8B24C2124D" author="DE MEYER M." pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref8944" refString="DE MEYER M. 1996: World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 86: 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1996">DE MEYER (1996:15)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535A8C5CA623AC124D" author="KEHLMAIER C. & ASSMANN T." box="[954,1244,1268,1287]" page="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535A8C5CA623AC124D" author="KEHLMAIER C. & ASSMANN T." box="[954,1244,1268,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref9247" refString="KEHLMAIER C. & ASSMANN T. 2010: Molecular analysis meets morphology based systematics - a synthetic for Chalarinae (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 181 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2010">KEHLMAIER &ASSMANN (2010:12)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; RODRÍGUEZ & RAFAEL (2012: 17, 28, 43).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1535A0A5D63239812E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D6322EC120E" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1436,1323,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5D63249B120E" bold="true" box="[828,1003,1329,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Material examined</emphasis>
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(1 J).
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535D075D6323DA120E" bold="true" box="[1073,1194,1329,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC04F1535D075D6323DA120E" box="[1073,1194,1329,1348]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535D815D632274120E" bold="true" box="[1207,1284,1329,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC04F1535D815D632274120E" box="[1207,1284,1329,1348]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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, San Vicente del
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D1922ED1214" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1437,1355,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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Caguán, / Vda.[Vereda] Alto Quebradón, Fca.[Finca] Rancho
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<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC04F1535C7D5D1922E91214" box="[1355,1433,1355,1374]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D3422ED1233" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1437,1382,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
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||
/ Bosque piso,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D965050CC04F1535AFE5D3423331233" box="[968,1091,1382,1401]" degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" precision="1" seconds="55.8" value="2.2988334">02º17’55.8’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D965050CC04F1535D7D5D3423BF1233" box="[1099,1231,1382,1401]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" precision="1" seconds="29.3" value="-74.74147">74º44’29.3’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, /
|
||
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC04F1535DDC5D3422561233" box="[1258,1318,1382,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.14" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="414.0">414 m</quantity>
|
||
[eters], 1–15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5DD322EC12DE" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1436,1409,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
Feb[
|
||
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC04F1535A525DD3240312DE" box="[868,883,1409,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">II</collectionCode>
|
||
].2017, / trampa Malaise en el piso del bosque, / Y.Ramos-Pastrana
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5DC9239812E4" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1256,1435,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC04F1535A775DC9240B12E4" box="[833,891,1435,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">LEUA</collectionCode>
|
||
–00000049808) (photographed specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1505A0A5D9525C6139F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D9523CA1014" blockId="5.[828,1437,1479,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5D9524C01294" bold="true" box="[828,944,1479,1502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Cell r 1 closed to the confluence of the veins R 1 and R 2+3. Both surstyli with one lobe apically, inward directed, inner margins curved and outer margins nearly straight; both surstyli without sinus at junction with epandrium; left surstylus with lower margin rounded; right surstylus with upper margin nearly straight; both surstyli with apex upwards directed, without sinus in union with epandrium in lateral view. Gonopods thickened, with apices acute; right gonopod slightly more acute than left one. Tip of distiphallus straight and acute, without phallic processes. Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts situated little before apex; lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner margins forming straight line in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5F35221C10B4" blockId="5.[828,1437,1479,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5F35233B1034" bold="true" box="[828,1099,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Intraspecific variability.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535D665F35239C1034" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1104,1260,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9615" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1988: Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao Neotropical. I. Redescricao de Chalarus chilensis Collin, comb. n. e descricao de duas especies novas da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1988">RAFAEL (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a complete description and illustration of the Brazilian
|
||
<typeStatus id="97198835CC04F1535C0E5FD522E810D4" box="[1336,1432,1927,1950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; however, we found intraspecific variation, therefore, we provide a comparison of the Colombian and Brazilian specimens (between parenthesis, when comparable).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F150598358EF250F137F" blockId="6.[151,761,189,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150598358EF2785179F" bold="true" box="[181,245,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150598358EF279D179F" bold="true" box="[181,237,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059CD58EC2645179F" box="[251,309,190,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F150587558EC26CF179F" box="[323,447,190,213]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 33–34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occiput dark brown, brown pruinose. Antenna brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505885588C257217BF" box="[435,514,222,245]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505B2F588C252D17BF" box="[537,605,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
|
||
antenna black in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="97198835CC07F15059ED58AC264D165F" box="[219,317,254,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150587958AC26EC165F" box="[335,412,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F150589D58AC2559165F" box="[427,553,254,277]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 34–36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Postpronotal lobe light brown, light brown pruinose. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron brown, brown pruinose. Mediotergite brown pruinose.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058ED590C2562163F" box="[475,530,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B17590C2501163F" box="[545,625,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length
|
||
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F1505BE0590C27B116DF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059E2592C266916DF" box="[212,281,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F1505815592C260D16DF" box="[291,381,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), width
|
||
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F15058EC592C254016DF" box="[474,560,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505B75592C25F816DF" box="[579,648,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F1505BA4592C259C16DF" box="[658,748,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), membrane slightly infuscate, pterostigma occupying 2/3 of third costal section (
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058AD59EC26AF169F" box="[411,479,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
|
||
pterostigma occupying a little more than half of third costal section). Halter brown (
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150599659AC2794155F" box="[160,228,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
|
||
halter dark brown).
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058F059AC255B155F" box="[454,555,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B0C59AC25C9155F" box="[570,697,510,533]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 34–38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 1 light brown basally, dark brown posterolaterally; syntergosternite 8 dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with long apical setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058545A0C26A7153F" box="[354,471,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058DF5A0C251B153F" box="[489,619,606,629]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 39–43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrium and surstyli brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058455A2C26B515DF" box="[371,453,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surstyli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B0B5A2C25C915DF" box="[573,697,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 39–41</figureCitation>
|
||
) subsymmetrical, completely setose, with long setae apically; both surstyli with one lobe apically, directed inward, inner margin curved and outer margin nearly straight and lower margin slightly truncated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058925AAC2680145F" box="[420,496,766,789]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
); left surstylus with lower margin rounded, right surstylus with upper margin nearly straight, both surstyli with apex upwards directed, without sinus in union with epandrium in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B455B0C259C143F" box="[627,748,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 40–41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonopods subsymmetrical, thickened, with apices acute, right slightly more acute than left one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B1B5BCC25D914FF" box="[557,681,926,949]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 40–41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tip of distiphallus straight and acute, without phallic processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15059A95B8C267114BF" box="[159,257,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 42A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ejaculatory apodeme parasol-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505BA85B8C259C14BF" box="[670,748,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts situated little before apex in dorsal and lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058DA5C4C2503137F" box="[492,627,1054,1077]" captionStart="Figs 33–43" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 42A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15C6C266313DF" blockId="6.[151,761,189,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15C6C2785131F" bold="true" box="[151,245,1086,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen was collected in preserved areas of tropical rainforest in the Colombian Amazon, Department of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F15059825C2C267F13DF" box="[180,271,1150,1173]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15CCC25C6139F" blockId="6.[151,761,189,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15CCC26B713FF" bold="true" box="[151,455,1182,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F15058FB5CCC257E13FF" box="[461,526,1182,1205]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505B2B5CCC25E113FF" box="[541,657,1182,1205]" country="Colombia" name="Amazonas" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F1505B915CCC27A0139F" author="RAFAEL J. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">RAFAEL 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F15059D55CEC263C139F" box="[227,332,1214,1237]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F150586C5CEC26C5139F" box="[346,437,1214,1237]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (new record) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B6C5CEC25DA139F" box="[602,682,1214,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-164@10.[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |