treatments-xml/data/C0/0B/87/C00B8781CC04F1505A815C2F25C6139F.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:15 +02:00

254 lines
41 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="01280DA1BE907B47BFB2B18A8D7AD7F2" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2023.024" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621434" ID-ZooBank="B94E1D89-5827-404D-821F-2DA8339FFB58" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707165741765" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A. &amp; Rafael, José Albertino" docDate="2023" docId="C00B8781CC04F1505A815C2F25C6139F" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.63.2.383-395.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2023.024" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Chalarus connexus Rafael 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="389" masterDocId="3C32FFF9CC01F156593658522770174A" masterDocTitle="Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species" masterLastPageNumber="395" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="388" updateTime="1707166334007" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
<mods:mods id="EC6934C8D4B60838CE9C185DB4209D0F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DBA0175AD2A3DED4121AC4A1868209BA">
<mods:title id="99BA244B7BD2D2BC5E94D9F5F16044F9">Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="853B86DD368307491C5776A833E5EF34" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A9206A8EDF922E052AD65012589EAFBA">
<mods:roleTerm id="0E12CDB07A2A979E9F9193DB56F85C5F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BFA44707B8476ACA879C0F3D4A978C45">Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9C4861A1B9889EFFEEFF488D3F5B02B">Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, - LEUA-, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia: e-mail: ya. ramos @ udla. edu. co; ORCID: 0000 - 0002 - 3193 - 6659 &amp; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="22ACE12D383B4D6664F29673E427FBE1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6DD7F70075523DAA31FD1802EBA085B4">
<mods:roleTerm id="C4E545BC818565F1F5B85F0DA26501F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FB669BC893CEACCD52918EB6660D69D2">Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A2F272607B46DDF15EB0EE51785EAE85">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2D14951E72BAB53CAF3368873F9051FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E8DEF4E3A74148937682BDC8076B60D5">
<mods:roleTerm id="A23D27BC632AA3318B0D1C4CA8C9D180">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9953E2C6D8E14284DFD10F34EB3DBE70">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4073AE1B9BB369B1F45B9D8E6ADD4A06">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AF922E50EE99EE550649014D4A7C3C61">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0435A21C335836255A60957900C79479" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F5379E14EEB19A7BC7BF7A251D14570B">
<mods:title id="B9F5A3AB086B4BFCCBE0F3F7F6DBDF36">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="04B6EBE228711DDAD244BC43D923D5EF">
<mods:date id="3859A147544C5566071E4E0E6162BE92">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="31A5D0393AB5B7ED004ABB79778BB839" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F4C58791ED0A9621C460BE667B5FACB2">2023-12-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4FC6FF2420DC817A3BC486610127A723" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0B271CBF75E9AD5CE3EE3D09BE7875C2">63</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="91D25B8CA729BAE2B151599B15A60B33" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1207ED0AFFD2D3AC68A3A35205004D6F">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F913E600E77884FE5C6631B61D082141" unit="page">
<mods:start id="53DF6D13DA9DC21667F5D119872A8AC3">383</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0EB32BF2AF66D192357BF0D414C2AC60">395</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="46AEB7359847AF2E5889A809C45B474E">
<mods:url id="DFDA3C64F0D298588B436CF929832189">http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2023.024</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="5ADA88CD83070F46684AD230A9A15EA7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="758F670D9DC69D994FE2FC188E9D6A2F" type="DOI">10.37520/aemnp.2023.024</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A4B647C074B04B7C2FF88BF86528B3B" type="ISSN">1804-6487</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41544AED90C85760632752CD44169A91" type="Zenodo-Dep">10621434</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D0D6FE56D296AD37F26AD0059FCC9D77" type="ZooBank">B94E1D89-5827-404D-821F-2DA8339FFB58</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C00B8781CC04F1505A815C2F25C6139F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C00B8781CC04F1505A815C2F25C6139F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C00B8781CC04F1505A815C2F25C6139F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" blockId="5.[951,1312,1149,1173]" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<heading id="135581FBCC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" ID-CoL="TFJR" authority="Rafael, 1988" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1988" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexus">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A815C2F225013DF" bold="true" box="[951,1312,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A815C2F23FD13DF" bold="true" box="[951,1165,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Chalarus connexus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535DA25C2C225013DF" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1172,1312,1150,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9615" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1988: Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao Neotropical. I. Redescricao de Chalarus chilensis Collin, comb. n. e descricao de duas especies novas da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1988">Rafael, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1535D135CCE23C313E5" box="[1061,1203,1180,1199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="description">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535D135CCE23C313E5" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[1061,1203,1180,1199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC04F1535D1D5CCE23FE13E5" box="[1067,1166,1180,1199]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Figs 3343</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC04F1535DA05CCE23DC13E5" box="[1174,1196,1180,1199]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-164@10.[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621452/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">55</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1535A0A5CEC248A126B" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5CEC227E139B" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1294,1214,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="68B211B9CC04F1535A0A5CEC227E139B" box="[828,1294,1214,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535A0A5CEC2319139B" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[828,1129,1214,1233]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1988">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC04F1535A0A5CEC2319139B" ID-CoL="TFJR" authority="Rafael, 1988: 6" authorityName="Rafael" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1988" box="[828,1129,1214,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexus">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5CEC24AF139B" box="[828,991,1214,1233]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Chalarus connexus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535AD35CEC2319139B" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[997,1129,1214,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9615" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1988: Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao Neotropical. I. Redescricao de Chalarus chilensis Collin, comb. n. e descricao de duas especies novas da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1988">Rafael, 1988: 6</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC04F1535D455CEC227A139B" box="[1139,1290,1214,1233]" captionStart-0="Figs 111" captionStart-1="Figs 1222" captionStartId-0="3.[151,188,1881,1900]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,188,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1431,184,1863]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,188,2012]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@3.[138,1449,170,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[136,1447,172,2026]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs 111. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990 (IAvHM1271). Male. 1 habitus, left lateral view; 2 habitus, dorsal view; 3 antenna; 4 thorax, dorsal view; 5 wing; 6 abdomen, dorsal view; 7 terminalia, dorsal view; 8 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 9 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 10a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, right lateral view, 10b phallus dorsal view; 11 ejaculatory apodeme." captionText-1="Figs 1222. Chalarus boyacensis sp. nov. (IAvHM1271). Holotype male. 12 habitus, left lateral view; 13 habitus, dorsal view; 14 antenna; 15 thorax, dorsal view; 16 wing; 17 abdomen, dorsal view; 18 terminalia, dorsal view; 19 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 20 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 21a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 21b phallus dorsal view; 22 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621436" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621440" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10621436/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10621440/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Figs 113, 2021</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5C8B248A126B" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="68B211B9CC04F1535A0A5C8B248A126B" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC04F1535A0A5C8B249013A6" ID-CoL="TFJR" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1988" box="[828,992,1241,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="connexus">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5C8B249013A6" box="[828,992,1241,1260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Chalarus connexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535ADA5C8B23FE13A6" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1004,1166,1241,1260]" page="48" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535ADA5C8B23FE13A6" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1004,1166,1241,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">RAFAEL (1990: 48)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535DAE5C8B224813A6" author="JERVIS M. A." box="[1176,1336,1241,1260]" page="346" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535DAE5C8B224813A6" author="JERVIS M. A." box="[1176,1336,1241,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="243 - 352" refId="ref9111" refString="JERVIS M. A. 1992: A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">JERVIS (1992: 346)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535C775C8B24C2124D" author="DE MEYER M." page="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535C775C8B24C2124D" author="DE MEYER M." pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref8944" refString="DE MEYER M. 1996: World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 86: 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1996">DE MEYER (1996:15)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC04F1535A8C5CA623AC124D" author="KEHLMAIER C. &amp; ASSMANN T." box="[954,1244,1268,1287]" page="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535A8C5CA623AC124D" author="KEHLMAIER C. &amp; ASSMANN T." box="[954,1244,1268,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref9247" refString="KEHLMAIER C. &amp; ASSMANN T. 2010: Molecular analysis meets morphology based systematics - a synthetic for Chalarinae (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 181 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2010">KEHLMAIER &amp;ASSMANN (2010:12)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; RODRÍGUEZ &amp; RAFAEL (2012: 17, 28, 43).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1535A0A5D63239812E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D6322EC120E" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1436,1323,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5D63249B120E" bold="true" box="[828,1003,1329,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Material examined</emphasis>
(1 J).
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535D075D6323DA120E" bold="true" box="[1073,1194,1329,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC04F1535D075D6323DA120E" box="[1073,1194,1329,1348]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535D815D632274120E" bold="true" box="[1207,1284,1329,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC04F1535D815D632274120E" box="[1207,1284,1329,1348]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, San Vicente del
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D1922ED1214" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1437,1355,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
Caguán, / Vda.[Vereda] Alto Quebradón, Fca.[Finca] Rancho
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC04F1535C7D5D1922E91214" box="[1355,1433,1355,1374]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D3422ED1233" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1437,1382,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
/ Bosque piso,
<geoCoordinate id="2D965050CC04F1535AFE5D3423331233" box="[968,1091,1382,1401]" degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" precision="1" seconds="55.8" value="2.2988334">02º1755.8N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="2D965050CC04F1535D7D5D3423BF1233" box="[1099,1231,1382,1401]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" precision="1" seconds="29.3" value="-74.74147">74º4429.3W</geoCoordinate>
, /
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC04F1535DDC5D3422561233" box="[1258,1318,1382,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.14" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="414.0">414 m</quantity>
[eters], 115.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5DD322EC12DE" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1436,1409,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
Feb[
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC04F1535A525DD3240312DE" box="[868,883,1409,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">II</collectionCode>
].2017, / trampa Malaise en el piso del bosque, / Y.Ramos-Pastrana
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5DC9239812E4" blockId="5.[828,1437,1180,1454]" box="[828,1256,1435,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
(
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC04F1535A775DC9240B12E4" box="[833,891,1435,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">LEUA</collectionCode>
00000049808) (photographed specimen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC04F1505A0A5D9525C6139F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5D9523CA1014" blockId="5.[828,1437,1479,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5D9524C01294" bold="true" box="[828,944,1479,1502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Cell r 1 closed to the confluence of the veins R 1 and R 2+3. Both surstyli with one lobe apically, inward directed, inner margins curved and outer margins nearly straight; both surstyli without sinus at junction with epandrium; left surstylus with lower margin rounded; right surstylus with upper margin nearly straight; both surstyli with apex upwards directed, without sinus in union with epandrium in lateral view. Gonopods thickened, with apices acute; right gonopod slightly more acute than left one. Tip of distiphallus straight and acute, without phallic processes. Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts situated little before apex; lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner margins forming straight line in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC04F1535A0A5F35221C10B4" blockId="5.[828,1437,1479,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC04F1535A0A5F35233B1034" bold="true" box="[828,1099,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388">Intraspecific variability.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC04F1535D665F35239C1034" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1104,1260,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9615" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1988: Pipunculidae (Diptera) da regiao Neotropical. I. Redescricao de Chalarus chilensis Collin, comb. n. e descricao de duas especies novas da Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 5: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1988">RAFAEL (1988)</bibRefCitation>
provided a complete description and illustration of the Brazilian
<typeStatus id="97198835CC04F1535C0E5FD522E810D4" box="[1336,1432,1927,1950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; however, we found intraspecific variation, therefore, we provide a comparison of the Colombian and Brazilian specimens (between parenthesis, when comparable).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F150598358EF250F137F" blockId="6.[151,761,189,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150598358EF2785179F" bold="true" box="[181,245,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150598358EF279D179F" bold="true" box="[181,237,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Male</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059CD58EC2645179F" box="[251,309,190,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F150587558EC26CF179F" box="[323,447,190,213]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 3334</figureCitation>
). Occiput dark brown, brown pruinose. Antenna brown (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505885588C257217BF" box="[435,514,222,245]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505B2F588C252D17BF" box="[537,605,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
antenna black in the
<typeStatus id="97198835CC07F15059ED58AC264D165F" box="[219,317,254,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150587958AC26EC165F" box="[335,412,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F150589D58AC2559165F" box="[427,553,254,277]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 3436</figureCitation>
). Postpronotal lobe light brown, light brown pruinose. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron brown, brown pruinose. Mediotergite brown pruinose.
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058ED590C2562163F" box="[475,530,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B17590C2501163F" box="[545,625,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F1505BE0590C27B116DF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059E2592C266916DF" box="[212,281,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F1505815592C260D16DF" box="[291,381,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
), width
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F15058EC592C254016DF" box="[474,560,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505B75592C25F816DF" box="[579,648,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F1505BA4592C259C16DF" box="[658,748,382,405]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
), membrane slightly infuscate, pterostigma occupying 2/3 of third costal section (
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058AD59EC26AF169F" box="[411,479,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
pterostigma occupying a little more than half of third costal section). Halter brown (
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F150599659AC2794155F" box="[160,228,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
halter dark brown).
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058F059AC255B155F" box="[454,555,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B0C59AC25C9155F" box="[570,697,510,533]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 3438</figureCitation>
). Tergite 1 light brown basally, dark brown posterolaterally; syntergosternite 8 dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with long apical setae.
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058545A0C26A7153F" box="[354,471,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058DF5A0C251B153F" box="[489,619,606,629]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 3943</figureCitation>
). Epandrium and surstyli brown (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058455A2C26B515DF" box="[371,453,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
). Surstyli (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B0B5A2C25C915DF" box="[573,697,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 3941</figureCitation>
) subsymmetrical, completely setose, with long setae apically; both surstyli with one lobe apically, directed inward, inner margin curved and outer margin nearly straight and lower margin slightly truncated (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058925AAC2680145F" box="[420,496,766,789]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
); left surstylus with lower margin rounded, right surstylus with upper margin nearly straight, both surstyli with apex upwards directed, without sinus in union with epandrium in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B455B0C259C143F" box="[627,748,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 4041</figureCitation>
). Gonopods subsymmetrical, thickened, with apices acute, right slightly more acute than left one (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B1B5BCC25D914FF" box="[557,681,926,949]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 4041</figureCitation>
). Tip of distiphallus straight and acute, without phallic processes (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15059A95B8C267114BF" box="[159,257,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 42A</figureCitation>
). Ejaculatory apodeme parasol-shaped (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505BA85B8C259C14BF" box="[670,748,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts situated little before apex in dorsal and lateral view (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058DA5C4C2503137F" box="[492,627,1054,1077]" captionStart="Figs 3343" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1976,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[134,1455,171,1982]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 3343. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA00000049808). Male. 33 habitus, left lateral view; 34 habitus, dorsal view; 35 antenna; 36 thorax, dorsal view; 37 wing; 38 abdomen, dorsal view; 39 terminalia, dorsal view; 40 left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b phallus dorsal view, 43 ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 42AB</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15C6C266313DF" blockId="6.[151,761,189,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15C6C2785131F" bold="true" box="[151,245,1086,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Habitat.</emphasis>
The specimen was collected in preserved areas of tropical rainforest in the Colombian Amazon, Department of
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F15059825C2C267F13DF" box="[180,271,1150,1173]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15CCC25C6139F" blockId="6.[151,761,189,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15CCC26B713FF" bold="true" box="[151,455,1182,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F15058FB5CCC257E13FF" box="[461,526,1182,1205]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505B2B5CCC25E113FF" box="[541,657,1182,1205]" country="Colombia" name="Amazonas" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F1505B915CCC27A0139F" author="RAFAEL J. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">RAFAEL 1990</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F15059D55CEC263C139F" box="[227,332,1214,1237]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F150586C5CEC26C5139F" box="[346,437,1214,1237]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
) (new record) (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505B6C5CEC25DA139F" box="[602,682,1214,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-164@10.[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>