223 lines
28 KiB
XML
223 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="5FE8A0B9E7ADADFECA84A567280A8EBB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="08650EE4955D0990BFD0994447897C7E">
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<mods:title id="6F6952AEC5D461EDDC47B731C6E4B79E">Heteromyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="94E4661D7763F9058CFAD8B267E3ABDD">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3C8EDFA66C0141C6F2D53B1923E0DCEF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7C96537E6A83699ABF8F9617728FF3DE">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C35F4F93E7BF7F1793F5EE8C6621144A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A2F356DB057C9941B0552DAFB1A087BA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4E231BC58FE11F1CB3D77050113A4A77">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="33BF61B02AD8AEEAB6729296EE4102A5">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="6FEA93AD29660E7EE46FAD7FE8CE0863" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="68C70A185097ED4936330D9CF1071CEE">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="741D748390A41A9A60080678A3BC84DB">
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<mods:placeTerm id="EF4E03FED574B282FB4A8D70FB4A5330">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BE4C5D12D1AA38293FB560C683873ED0">
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<mods:title id="4ECA33F84F5FA3CF000BAC956E88AC35">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3C3D87A68752B10B1EEF5E59FF7FF644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195730810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C3D87A68752B10B1EEF5E59FF7FF644" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C3D87A68752B10B1EEF5E59FF7FF644" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B1081EEF5E59FA7BF780" box="[1462,1519,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EEF5E59FA7BF780" blockId="29.[1461,2498,2123,2217]" box="[1462,1519,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8752B1081EEF5E59FA7BF780" box="[1462,1519,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<figureCitation id="2CAF2A358752B1081EEF5E59FA7BF780" box="[1462,1519,2123,2173]" captionStart="Plate 11: Heteromyidae" captionStartId="28.[107,137,3285,3310]" captionTargetBox="[13,2733,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="45. Dark Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops megacephalus), 46. Pallid Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops pallidus), 47. Desert Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys deserti), 48. Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis), 49. Nelson’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nelsoni), 50. Texas Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys elator), 51. Plateau Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ornatus), 52. Phillips’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys phillipsu), 53. San Quintin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys gravipes), 54. Merriam’s. 9 Kangaroo Rat. Dipodomys merriami (null), 55. Ord’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordu), 56. Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys compactus), 57. California Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys californicus), 58. Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys venustus), 59. Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis), 60. Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys simulans), 61. Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens), 62. Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps), 63. San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides), 64. Stephens’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephenst), 65. Heermann' ’ s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni), 66. Panamint Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys panamintinus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611358/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">47.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B1081D585E59F821F780" box="[1537,1973,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081D585E59F821F780" blockId="29.[1461,2498,2123,2217]" box="[1537,1973,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8752B1081D585E59F821F780" box="[1537,1973,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8752B1081D585E59F821F780" box="[1537,1973,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Desert Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B1081CA05E59F6A7F780" box="[2041,2355,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081CA05E59F6A7F780" blockId="29.[1461,2498,2123,2217]" box="[2041,2355,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8752B1081CA05E59F6A7F780" box="[2041,2355,2123,2173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B1081CA05E59F6A7F780" ID-CoL="36PMN" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1887" box="[2041,2355,2123,2173]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deserti">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B1081CA05E59F6A7F780" box="[2041,2355,2123,2173]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Dipodomys deserti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B1081EEF5E9DF654F759" box="[1462,2496,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EEF5E9DF654F759" blockId="29.[1461,2498,2123,2217]" box="[1462,2496,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8752B1081EEF5E9DF654F759" box="[1462,2496,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B1081EEF5E9DF995F759" bold="true" box="[1462,1537,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8752B1081D525E9DF896F759" box="[1547,1794,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Rat-kangourou du désert</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B1081C4F5E9DF8E4F759" bold="true" box="[1814,1904,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8752B1081C2E5E9DF7DFF759" box="[1911,2123,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Wiisten-Kéngururatte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B10813385E9DF728F759" bold="true" box="[2145,2236,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8752B108139F5E9DF654F759" box="[2246,2496,2191,2212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Rata canguro de desierto</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B10813415EC1F7F6F6E6" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B10813415EC1F7F6F6E6" blockId="29.[2072,2664,2259,2685]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B10813415EC1F727F709" bold="true" box="[2072,2227,2259,2292]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B108138B5EC1F7C9F6E6" ID-CoL="36PMN" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deserti">Dipodomys desert: Stephens, 1887</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B108132B5EECF65DF66C" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B108132B5EECF65DF66C" blockId="29.[2072,2664,2259,2685]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<materialsCitation id="04FC3CED8752B108132B5EECF65DF66C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802894350" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">“Mojave River, Cal.,” San Bernardino Co., California, USA. Restricted by E. R. Hall in 1981 to “3 to 4 mi [5-7 km] from, and opposite, Hesperia.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B10813405F8AF761F580" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B10813405F8AF761F580" blockId="29.[2072,2664,2259,2685]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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Based on molecular sequence analyses,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B10813415FADF704F61D" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1887" box="[2072,2192,2495,2528]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deserti">D. deserti</taxonomicName>
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is alone in a clade that is basal to all other kangaroo rats and is estimated to have diverged from the other kangaroo rats 11-4 million years ago. Four subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B1081EED5C90F62AF46D" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="E0EB66388752B1081EED5C90F62AF46D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611270/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" targetBox="[1458,2048,2268,2682]" targetPageId="29">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EED5C90F9BFF4E5" blockId="29.[1458,2663,2690,3472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B1081EED5C90F8D7F55E" bold="true" box="[1460,1859,2690,2723]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B1081EEA5CB8F9BFF4E5" authority="Stephens, 1887" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="deserti" subSpecies="deserti">D.d.desertiStephens,1887—SWUSAandNWMexico(fromWC&SNevadaandSEUtah,throughECandSECaliforniaandWArizona,toNEBajaCaliforniaandNWSonora).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EEA5D37F66AF4BF" blockId="29.[1458,2663,2690,3472]" box="[1459,2558,2853,2882]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B1081EEA5D37F66AF4BF" authority="Nader, 1965" authorityName="Nader" authorityYear="1965" box="[1459,2558,2853,2882]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="deserti" subSpecies="aquilus">D.d.aquilusNader,1965—SWUSA(NECaliforniaandadjacentNWNevada).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EEA5D59F7FFF495" blockId="29.[1458,2663,2690,3472]" box="[1459,2155,2891,2920]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B1081EEA5D59F7FFF495" authority="Huey, 1955" authorityName="Huey" authorityYear="1955" box="[1459,2155,2891,2920]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="deserti" subSpecies="arizonae">D.d.arizonaeHuey,1955—SWUSA(SCArizona).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EEA5D61F62AF46D" blockId="29.[1458,2663,2690,3472]" box="[1459,2494,2931,2960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338752B1081EEA5D61F8F7F46D" authority="Goldman, 1923" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1923" box="[1459,1891,2931,2960]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="deserti" subSpecies="sonoriensis">D. d. sonoriensis Goldman, 1923</taxonomicName>
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— NW Mexico (coastal plain of W Sonora).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8752B1081EEB5D84F68BF26D" pageId="29" pageNumber="922" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08752B1081EEB5D84F68BF26D" blockId="29.[1458,2663,2690,3472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28752B1081EEB5D84F938F44A" bold="true" box="[1458,1708,2966,2999]" pageId="29" pageNumber="922">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 134-155 mm, tail mean 201 mm (males) and 195 mm (females), ear 12-15 mm, hindfoot 50-58 mm; weight 91-148 g (males) and 83-141 g (females). Male Desert Kangaroo Rats are slightly larger than females. Tail is c.143% of head-body length. This is one of the largest kangaroo rats with large hindfeet, four toes on hindfeet,flat skull, and greatly inflated auditory bullae. As opposed to all other kangaroo rats, mastoids of the Desert Kangaroo Rat meet immediately behind parietals, so that interparietal is usually absent in adults, and supraoccipital is compressed to a barely visible spicule (1 mm or less). Upper parts are pale brown to grayish;tail is bicolored, but ventral tail stripe is lacking or poorly defined, with large white tail-tuft lacking bordering dark-colored band of hairs. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62-64 and FN = 108-110. The Desert Kangaroo Rat is easily distinguished from other species of kangaroo rats byits large size, light coloration, absence offifth (vestigial) toe on hindfoot, and usual absence of darker ventral stripe on tail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B06570CFD3CFB86" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B06570CFD3CFB86" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B06570CFF5AFEC2" bold="true" box="[95,206,286,319]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Sand dune habitat at elevations of 60-1710 m in North America’s lowest, hottest, and most arid regions from the head of the Gulf of California and along the lower Colorado River drainage, through the Mojave Desert and along low-elevation western edge of the Great Basin Desert. In the Mojave Desert, Desert Kangaroo Rats inhabit open sand and sand dune habitat, sparsely vegetated with creosote bush (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1F8557AEFF13FDF9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larrea</taxonomicName>
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tridentata,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1A4557F1FE6EFDF9" box="[284,506,483,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zygophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
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), big galleta grass (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B185C57F1FCF2FDF9" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" box="[773,870,483,516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hilaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hilaria</taxonomicName>
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rigida,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B189257F1FBD7FDF9" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[971,1091,483,516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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), ocotillo (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1F8257F1FF2EFDD1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fouquieriaceae" genus="Fouquieria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fouquieria</taxonomicName>
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splendens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1A0F541DFDA1FDD1" box="[342,565,527,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fouquieriaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fouquieriaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bursage (Franseria,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1829541DFB9AFDD1" box="[880,1038,527,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), cholla (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1FC7541DFA9AFDD1" box="[1182,1294,527,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Opuntia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1B385420FF67FDAE" box="[97,243,562,595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and yucca (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1AE15420FD92FDAE" box="[440,518,562,595]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Yucca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Yucca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B194E5420FD4AFDAE" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[535,734,562,595]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the Great Basin Desert, vegetation is dominated by greasewood (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B194A544BFD09FD87" box="[531,669,601,634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sarcobataceae" genus="Sarcobatus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sarcobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
vermiculatus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1838544BFBBBFD87" box="[865,1071,601,634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sarcobataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sarcobataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), four-wing saltbush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1BE75497FEB1FD5F" box="[190,293,645,674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Atriplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
canescens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1AE45497FD35FD5F" box="[445,673,645,674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and sagebrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B18F35497FBB3FD5F" box="[938,1063,645,674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artemisia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1F635497FB4DFD5F" box="[1082,1241,645,674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In some areas of the Great Basin, natural shifts in vegetation have led to replacement of rodent communities that include kangaroo mice (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B180754DDFB8EFD0D" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1891" box="[862,1050,719,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Microdipodops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microdipodops</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by communities that include the Desert Kangaroo Rat, and vice versa. Burrows of the Desert Kangaroo Rat are located in lumpy, uneven mounds 3-9 m across in open spaces, away from rapidly shifting dunes, and usually under vegetation. Burrow systems are 0-3-1-2 m deep, with numerous chambers in which seeds are stored and a spherical nest chamber. A wide variety of rodents are found together with the Desert Kangaroo Rat across its distribution, including ten other heteromyid rodents: four silky pocket mice, one coarse-haired pocket mouse, both species of kangaroo mice, and four other kangaroo rats. Desert Kangaroo Rats share active burrows with Round-tailed Ground Squirrels (Xerospermophilus tereticaudus) and Desert Cottontails (Sylvilagus audubonii), but they are highly intolerant of their own species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B3B5293FE98FA22" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B3B5293FE98FA22" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B3B5293FEF8FB5F" bold="true" box="[98,364,1153,1186]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet of the Desert Kangaroo Rat contains seeds of forbs, grasses, and shrubs, including creosote bush, sagebrush, saltbush, and mesquite (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1FFF52BAFA84FB34" box="[1190,1296,1192,1225]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Prosopis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1B3A52C2FF7EFB0C" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[99,234,1232,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), dried plants from previous years, and blossoms and stems of penstemon (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1B3752E5FF63FAE5" box="[110,247,1271,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Penstemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Penstemon</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B1A5F52E5FE4EFAE5" box="[262,474,1271,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Plantaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and onyxflower (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B198552E5FC1CFAE5" box="[732,904,1271,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Achyronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Achyronychia</taxonomicName>
|
||
cooperi,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338751B10B18AA52E5FB74FAE5" box="[1011,1248,1271,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In one experiment, bags containing 13 kinds of seeds were partially buried between two mounds of the Desert Kangaroo Rat. In two nights, two kangaroo rats, and presumably only two, carried away more than 10 kg of seeds, apparently into their burrows. They selected seeds highest in carbohydrates and could detect bags of seeds buried up to 20 cm deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B3A53F6FDAEF9A9" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B3A53F6FDAEF9A9" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B3A53F6FF7DF9F8" bold="true" box="[99,233,1508,1541]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season of the Desert Kangaroo Rat occurs in January-July, with a peak in February, and reproductive success closely follows success of winter annuals. Average litter sizes are 3—4 young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B3B5048FEE9F8BC" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B3B5048FEE9F8BC" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B3B5048FED8F986" bold="true" box="[98,332,1626,1659]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Desert Kangaroo Rat is most active outside of its burrow at night, but it is often out during the day, kicking sand out of burrow, plugging or opening the burrow, and digging new tunnels. It is active year-round. During nocturnal foraging, individuals may harvest large amounts of seeds. Burrow opening is sometimes plugged with sand during the daytime. Experiments indicate that Desert Kangaroo Rats are excellent swimmers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B3D5154FEF6F736" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B3D5154FEF6F736" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B3D5154FCD5F89A" bold="true" box="[100,833,1862,1895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Desert Kangaroo Rat uses foot drumming more than any other kangaroo rat. Young begin to stamp their feet when just 30 days old and communicate this way throughout their lives. In captivity, young have soft, squeaky voices and cry like newborn puppies. Densities are typically 0-2-1-4 ind/ha, but abundance varies considerably at the same locality throughout the year and from year to year. Mounds of Desert Kangaroo Rats appear to be arranged in widely spaced colonies in clusters of 6-12 burrow systems. Colonies appear to be abandoned from time to time, perhaps as local food resources are depleted. Well-worn, straight-line trails often extend from burrow openings, deviating only to go around a bush.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B3F5EC2FB05F6E4" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B3F5EC2FB05F6E4" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B3F5EC2FE51F70C" bold="true" box="[102,453,2256,2289]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. High-use areas of recreational vehicles threaten populations of Desert Kangaroo Rats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8751B10B1B3E5F3AFF7FF644" pageId="30" pageNumber="225" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08751B10B1B3E5F3AFF7FF644" blockId="30.[94,1305,286,2489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28751B10B1B3E5F3AFF6BF6BC" bold="true" box="[103,255,2344,2369]" pageId="30" pageNumber="225">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Alexander & Riddle (2005), Best (1993a, 1999c), Best et al. (1989), Ceballos & Oliva (2005), Eisenberg (1963, 1993), Hafner et al. (2007), Hall (1981), Hoffmeister (1986), Ingles (1954), Jones (1993), Linzey, Timm, Alvarez-Castaneda, Castro-Arellano & Lacher (2008a), Nader (1978), Patton & Rogers (1993), Williams et al. (1993).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |