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<document id="BB70A3A84C2CFB964BD1F0DFFBA752F3" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2509" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030293" ID-ZooBank="231BF669-4E64-4EAD-8305-4AEA0481D807" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1713777232052" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chowdhury, Ismael A., Martino, Emanuela Di, Lee, Hannah, Windecker, Claire C. &amp; Craig, Sean" docDate="2024" docId="8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.932.34-68.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 932" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2509/11237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.39:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="39" docTitle="Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="7958910CBC3AFFB47944CC0BFF82E442" masterDocTitle="Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1713799267896" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B0B9B8AE647AD6E555622385C04DB245">Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B2C75C507C954E475A80F9A06B3F20A">Chowdhury, Ismael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3D4C24455AE8F99319A2DCE233A5625">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A7189C4FB429DFB006AAD69E8F382B41">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="818A8268BF0920A81F9F89AF76C5EB30">Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. &amp; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C664CAB9D106CEA9D58E0785E538FC54" type="email">emanuela.dimartino@unict.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="992408272D20B5FA0262F9F3A6ADFEFD">Lee, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6E521F9D515C091794C8E9ED39A25F8">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F5C1DB93E5E9055592EFE4C6556BB3CF" type="email">hannahelee56@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="03E21790B72C9191E54719857A508FAD">Windecker, Claire C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DAC461800C7D33E853EB1BC54CDC0343">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="99103CFB7744461CE7DDA7048D971293">Craig, Sean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9FD94AE415E3D0F028445359E27DD270">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="97F90DEAB0301A0A09FCBDDBFBFE19C1">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC35FFBB7894CFDCFBE6E7B0" box="[464,1124,983,1010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB7894CFDCFBE6E7B0" blockId="15.[368,1219,983,1080]" box="[464,1124,983,1010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC35FFBB7894CFDCFBE6E7B0" box="[464,1124,983,1010]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC35FFBB7894CFDCFB80E7B3" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[464,1026,983,1010]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB7894CFDCFD45E7B0" bold="true" box="[464,711,983,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Microporella similis</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC35FFBB7D4DCFD3FBE6E7B0" box="[1033,1124,984,1010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC35FFBB7834CFF1FCEDE07A" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB7834CFF1FB41E057" blockId="15.[368,1219,983,1080]" box="[368,1219,1018,1045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<uri id="79595460BC35FFBB7834CFF1FB41E057" box="[368,1219,1018,1045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="796E62B7BC35FFBB7BCBCFF1FB41E057" box="[655,1219,1018,1045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">FD102F85-A00A-44F7-BD69-744CF802D773</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB7B81C816FCEDE07A" blockId="15.[368,1219,983,1080]" box="[709,879,1053,1080]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC35FFBB7B81C816FC8EE075" box="[709,780,1053,1079]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="404A6DD9BC35FFBB7A5CC816FCEDE07A" box="[792,879,1053,1080]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Summary of sampling sites reporting the number of colonies collected for each species of Microporella Hincks, 1877. Sites in bold font lie within the marine realm known as the Montereyan Pacific Transition Region, whereas the remaining sites lie in the Mendocinian Region." pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC35FFBB79F9C854FC22E03B" box="[189,928,1119,1146]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79F9C854FC22E03B" blockId="15.[189,928,1119,1146]" box="[189,928,1119,1146]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2DD87F4CBC35FFBB79F9C854FC22E03B" box="[189,928,1119,1146]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC35FFBB79F9C854FE41E03B" ID-CoL="4347L" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,451,1119,1145]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB79F9C854FE41E03B" box="[189,451,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Microporella cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="8C697E73BC35FFBB78A5C854FD6AE03B" author="Soule D. F. &amp; Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W." box="[481,744,1119,1146]" page="144" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC35FFBB78A5C854FD6AE03B" author="Soule D. F. &amp; Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W." box="[481,744,1119,1146]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
Soule
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB7B6FC86BFDE5E03B" box="[555,615,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
1995: 144
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 50 figs a–c.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC35FFBB79F9C8ABFF74E241" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79F9C8ABFEB5E0F8" blockId="15.[189,311,1184,1210]" box="[189,311,1184,1210]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC35FFBB79F9C8ABFEB5E0F8" bold="true" box="[189,311,1184,1210]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB79F9C8ABFEB5E0F8" bold="true" box="[189,311,1184,1210]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79F9C8C4FF74E241" blockId="15.[189,1400,1231,1539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
Encrusting
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC35FFBB7809C8C4FE6BE0AB" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[333,489,1231,1257]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB7809C8C4FE6BE0AB" box="[333,489,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with interzooidal communications through multiporous septula; zooids with paired, rarely single, distolaterally directed adventitious avicularia, with crossbar at same level as ascopore; primary orifice with smooth, straight proximal margin, and small condyles at corners; 5–7 robust oral spines, two or none retained in ovicellate zooids; frontal shield tubercular, smooth, with reticulate pseudopores and distinct, elliptical marginal areolae; ascopore delicately cribrate with thin distal projection and eight-shaped/trifoliate pores, close to orifice, with proximal, smooth umbo, becoming squared and curved inwards; ovicells prominent, large, with numerous, well defined radial ribs, few pseudopores in grooves between ribs, and central to proximal smooth, imperforate, umbonate area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC35FFBB79F9CA21FD33E2D4" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79F9CA21FEC7E206" blockId="15.[189,325,1578,1604]" box="[189,325,1578,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC35FFBB79F9CA21FEC7E206" bold="true" box="[189,325,1578,1604]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB79F9CA21FEC7E206" bold="true" box="[189,325,1578,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79F9CA53FD33E2D4" blockId="15.[189,1398,1624,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
Latin
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC35FFBB7840CA52FED9E230" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[260,347,1624,1651]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis">
‘
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB784ACA53FED9E230" box="[270,347,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, similar, alluding to the resemblance of this species to both
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC35FFBB7D78CA53FAC6E230" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1084,1348,1624,1650]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB7D78CA53FAC6E230" box="[1084,1348,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Microporella cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC35FFBB79FBCA77FDD2E2D4" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[191,592,1660,1686]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB79FBCA77FE94E2D7" box="[191,278,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">M. rota</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC35FFBB7B13CA77FD33E2D4" box="[599,689,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC35FFA479F9CAB6FCD7E7D1" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79F9CAB6FEEFE295" blockId="15.[189,365,1725,1751]" box="[189,365,1725,1751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC35FFBB79F9CAB6FEEFE295" bold="true" box="[189,365,1725,1751]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB79F9CAB6FEEFE295" bold="true" box="[189,365,1725,1751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC35FFBB79AECAE7FBA0E32D" blockId="15.[189,1399,1772,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC35FFBB79AECAE7FBA0E32D" collectingDate="1941-02-15" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="T. B. Scanland" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" elevation="35" latitude="33.6375" location="San Pedro Breakwater" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-118.20416" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="SBMNH 704271" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC35FFBB79AECAE7FEDFE344" bold="true" box="[234,349,1772,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC35FFBB79AECAE7FEDFE344" box="[234,349,1772,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC35FFBB79F9CB04FF78E36B" box="[189,250,1807,1833]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC35FFBB7855CB04FDC9E36B" box="[273,587,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">colony of ca 100 zooids</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC35FFBB7B24CB04FCB5E36B" box="[608,823,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">several ovicellate</specimenCount>
, detached from the substrate;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC35FFBB7DF9CB04FAB5E36B" box="[1213,1335,1807,1833]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="E41620EEBC35FFBB7C0ECB04FE03E30E" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
, Velero 1232–41,
<quantity id="CA30F587BC35FFBB7B20CB39FD3DE30E" box="[612,703,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" unit="mi" value="5.0">
<locationDeviation id="1CC54140BC35FFBB7B20CB39FD3DE30E" box="[612,703,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 miles</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
from
<location id="08170EB9BC35FFBB7A54CB39FBA6E30E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC35FFBB7A54CB39FBA6E30E" box="[784,1060,1842,1868]" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="33.6375" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-118.20416" name="San Pedro Breakwater" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="California">San Pedro Breakwater</location>
; depth
<quantity id="CA30F587BC35FFBB7DC6CB39FB44E30F" box="[1154,1222,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="35.0">
<elevation id="86E5BF51BC35FFBB7DC6CB39FB44E30F" box="[1154,1222,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC35FFBB7D93CB3BFAF0E30F" box="[1239,1394,1840,1869]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" precision="15" seconds="15" value="33.6375">33°38′15″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC35FFBB79F9CB5FFE34E332" box="[189,438,1876,1904]" degrees="118" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" precision="1" seconds="15.00012" value="-118.20416">118°12′15.00012″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="79767EA2BC35FFBB7886CB5EFDE2E32D" box="[450,608,1877,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" value="1941-02-15">
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC35FFBB7886CB5EFDE2E32D" box="[450,608,1877,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" value="1941-02-15">15 Feb. 1941</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC35FFBB7B2FCB5DFC93E32D" box="[619,785,1877,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49">T.B. Scanland</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC35FFBB7A16CB5EFB9CE32D" box="[850,1054,1877,1903]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">SBMNH 704271</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479AECD02FD3EE591" blockId="16.[189,1398,265,467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC2AFFA479AECD02FE97E5CF" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="Allan Hancock Foundation" country="United States of America" county="Orange County" latitude="33.542" location="Laguna Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-117.788" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="SBMNH 702583" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2AFFA479AECD02FEEBE561" bold="true" box="[234,361,265,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC2AFFA479AECD02FEEBE561" box="[234,361,265,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC2AFFA479F9CD27FF78E504" box="[189,250,300,326]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA47854CD27FDA9E504" box="[272,555,300,326]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">1 colony of 30 zooids</specimenCount>
, several ovicellate, detached from the substrate;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC2AFFA47DD0CD27FA8CE504" box="[1172,1294,300,326]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="E41620EEBC2AFFA47C64CD27FE97E52B" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Orange County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="08170EB9BC2AFFA47861CD44FE54E52B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC2AFFA47861CD44FE54E52B" box="[293,470,335,361]" country="United States of America" county="Orange County" latitude="33.542" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-117.788" name="Laguna Beach" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="California">Laguna Beach</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA478A3CD46FD15E52B" box="[487,663,333,361]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="31.2" value="33.542">33°32′31.2″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47BECCD46FCEEE52B" box="[680,876,333,361]" degrees="117" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="16.8" value="-117.788">117°47′16.8″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC2AFFA47A3FCD44FB41E52B" box="[891,1219,335,361]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Allan Hancock Foundation</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC2AFFA47C4ACD44FE97E5CF" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SBMNH 702583</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC2AFFA47876CD79FD3AE591" collectingDate="1972-08-27" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="Allan Hancock Foundation" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="33.45" location="Santa Catalina Island" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-118.416664" municipality="Channel Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="SBMNH 703675" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA47876CD79FDBEE5CE" box="[306,572,370,396]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">1 colony of 40 zooids</specimenCount>
, none ovicellate, on echinoid spine;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC2AFFA47AB1CD79FBEDE5CE" box="[1013,1135,370,396]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="E41620EEBC2AFFA47D39CD78FAF1E5CE" box="[1149,1395,370,397]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="ED13C218BC2AFFA479FBCD9EFEFFE5ED" box="[191,381,405,431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Channel Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="08170EB9BC2AFFA478CCCD9EFD00E5ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC2AFFA478CCCD9EFD00E5ED" box="[392,642,405,431]" country="United States of America" county="Los Angeles County" latitude="33.45" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-118.416664" municipality="Channel Islands" name="Santa Catalina Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="California">Santa Catalina Island</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47BC9CD9FFC9DE5F2" box="[653,799,404,432]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="00" value="33.45">33°27′00″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47A6DCD9FFB91E5F2" box="[809,1043,404,432]" degrees="118" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="0.00012" value="-118.416664">118°25′0.00012″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="79767EA2BC2AFFA47D5ACD9EFB3CE5ED" box="[1054,1214,405,431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1972-08-27">
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC2AFFA47D5ACD9EFB3CE5ED" box="[1054,1214,405,431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1972-08-27">27 Aug. 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC2AFFA47D83CD9EFEC1E590" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Allan Hancock Foundation</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC2AFFA478C1CDB2FDCEE591" box="[389,588,440,467]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SBMNH 703675</specimenCode>
(slide 2)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9CDF1FD5CE618" blockId="16.[189,1399,506,602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC2AFFA479F9CDF1FD58E618" collectingDate="1938-07-02" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="J. Q. Burch" country="Mexico" elevation="28" latitude="31.8" location="Bahia Todos Santos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-116.7" municipality="Bahia California" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="SBMNH 668408" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mexico">
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC2AFFA479F9CDF1FEB3E656" box="[189,305,506,532]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA47810CDF1FDEAE656" box="[340,616,506,532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">1 colony of 70 zooids</specimenCount>
, several ovicellate, detached from the substrate;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC2AFFA47D81CDF1FAA0E656" box="[1221,1314,506,532]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="ED13C218BC2AFFA47C76CDF1FEB6E675" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Bahia California</collectingMunicipality>
(Norte),
<location id="08170EB9BC2AFFA478E7CE16FD10E675" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC2AFFA478E7CE16FD10E675" box="[419,658,541,567]" country="Mexico" latitude="31.8" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-116.7" municipality="Bahia California" name="Bahia Todos Santos" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Mexico">Bahia Todos Santos</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47BE4CE17FC14E67A" box="[672,918,540,568]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="59.997254" value="31.8">31°47′59.997254″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47AE0CE17FB2FE67A" box="[932,1197,540,568]" degrees="116" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="59.989014" value="-116.7">116°41′59.989014″ W</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="CA30F587BC2AFFA47C41CE16FAF3E67A" box="[1285,1393,541,568]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">
<elevation id="86E5BF51BC2AFFA47C41CE16FAF3E67A" box="[1285,1393,541,568]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="79767EA2BC2AFFA479F9CE4BFEC0E618" box="[189,322,576,602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1938-07-02">
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC2AFFA479F9CE4BFEC0E618" box="[189,322,576,602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1938-07-02">2 Jul. 1938</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC2AFFA4780ACE4BFE4FE618" box="[334,461,576,602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">J.Q. Burch</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC2AFFA47B4ACE4BFD58E618" box="[526,730,576,602]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SBMNH 668408</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479AECE8AFE66E6D9" blockId="16.[188,1399,641,915]" box="[234,484,641,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2AFFA479AECE8AFE66E6D9" bold="true" box="[234,484,641,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9CEAEFCD7E7D1" blockId="16.[188,1399,641,915]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC2AFFA479F9CEAEFB53E6A0" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="R. J. Menzies" country="United States of America" county="Marin County" latitude="38.25" location="Dillon Beach" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-122.95" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="SBMNH 668407" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC2AFFA479F9CEAEFF78E6FD" box="[189,250,677,703]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA4784DCEAEFD89E6FD" box="[265,523,677,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">1 colony of 40 zooids</specimenCount>
, several ovicellate, detached from the substrate;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC2AFFA47D02CEAEFB42E6FD" box="[1094,1216,677,703]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="E41620EEBC2AFFA47D8FCEAEFAF1E6FD" box="[1227,1395,677,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Marin County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="08170EB9BC2AFFA479F9CEC3FEDCE6A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC2AFFA479F9CEC3FEDCE6A0" box="[189,350,712,738]" country="United States of America" county="Marin County" latitude="38.25" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-122.95" name="Dillon Beach" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="California">Dillon Beach</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA4782FCECCFD81E6A1" box="[363,515,711,739]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="00" value="38.25">38°15′00″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47B54CECCFC99E6A1" box="[528,795,711,739]" degrees="122" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="59.989014" value="-122.95">122°56′59.989014″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC2AFFA47A6DCEC2FC40E6A0" box="[809,962,712,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">R.J. Menzies</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC2AFFA47D4CCEC3FB53E6A0" box="[1032,1233,712,738]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SBMNH 668407</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC2AFFA47DA9CEC3FE05E70E" collectingDate="1940-11" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="Allan Hancock Foundation" county="Monterey County" latitude="36.633327" location="Lighthouse Point" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.9397" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="SBMNH 673403" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California">
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA47DA9CEC3FEDDE747" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">1 colony of ca 100 zooids</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA4782FCEE0FDBBE747" box="[363,569,747,773]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">several ovicellate</specimenCount>
, detached from the substrate;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC2AFFA47AD7CEE0FB8FE747" box="[915,1037,747,773]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="E41620EEBC2AFFA47D5CCEE7FB6AE747" box="[1048,1256,747,774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Monterey County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="08170EB9BC2AFFA47DB6CEE0FF7CE76A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC2AFFA47DB6CEE0FF7CE76A" county="Monterey County" latitude="36.633327" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.9397" name="Lighthouse Point" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="California">Lighthouse Point</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47849CF06FE7AE76B" box="[269,504,781,809]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="59.97864" value="36.633327">36°37′59.97864″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47B43CF06FD5BE76B" box="[519,729,781,809]" degrees="121" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="22.92" value="-121.9397">121°56′22.92″ W</geoCoordinate>
; intertidal;
<date id="79767EA2BC2AFFA47A21CF04FC64E76B" box="[869,998,783,809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1940-11">
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC2AFFA47A21CF04FC64E76B" box="[869,998,783,809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1940-11">Nov. 1940</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC2AFFA47AB0CF05FABBE76A" box="[1012,1337,782,808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Allan Hancock Foundation</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC2AFFA479F9CF39FE05E70E" box="[189,391,818,844]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SBMNH 673403</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC2AFFA478E0CF39FCD3E7D1" collectingDate="1976-08-26" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="Allan Hancock Foundation" county="Ventura County" latitude="33.249443" location="San Nicolas Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.49944" municipality="Channel Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="SBMNH 695087" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California">
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA478E0CF39FD2CE70E" box="[420,686,818,844]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">1 colony of 60 zooids</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC2AFFA47BF9CF39FC0CE70E" box="[701,910,818,844]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">several ovicellate</specimenCount>
, detached from the substrate;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC2AFFA47DBCCF39FAF0E70E" box="[1272,1394,818,844]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="E41620EEBC2AFFA479FBCF5EFEFBE72D" box="[191,377,853,879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Ventura County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="ED13C218BC2AFFA478C7CF5EFDB4E72D" box="[387,566,853,879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Channel Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="08170EB9BC2AFFA47B04CF5EFC9CE72D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC35FFA77894CFDCFEF3E504:08170EB9BC2AFFA47B04CF5EFC9CE72D" box="[576,798,853,879]" country="United States of America" county="Ventura County" latitude="33.249443" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.49944" municipality="Channel Island" name="San Nicolas Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="California">San Nicolas Island</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47A6DCF58FB8EE72D" box="[809,1036,851,879]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="57.99984" value="33.249443">33°14′57.99984″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC2AFFA47D53CF58FA8DE72D" box="[1047,1295,851,879]" degrees="119" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="57.99984" value="-119.49944">119°29′57.99984″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="79767EA2BC2AFFA47C5ECF5EFF79E7D0" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1976-08-26">
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC2AFFA47C5ECF5EFF79E7D0" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" value="1976-08-26">26 Aug. 1976</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC2AFFA47842CF73FDC6E7D0" box="[262,580,888,914]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Allan Hancock Foundation</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC2AFFA47BC1CF73FCD3E7D1" box="[645,849,888,915]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SBMNH 695087</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC2AFFA679F9CFB2FCA3E6A1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9CFB2FECDE791" blockId="16.[189,335,953,979]" box="[189,335,953,979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC2AFFA479F9CFB2FECDE791" bold="true" box="[189,335,953,979]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="50" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2AFFA479F9CFB2FECDE791" bold="true" box="[189,335,953,979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9CFE3FEADE067" blockId="16.[189,1398,1000,1061]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar; interzooidal communications through multiporous septula (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA4798CC800FEA3E067" box="[200,289,1035,1061]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9C846FAA6E0B6" blockId="16.[189,1399,1101,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
Autozooids hexagonal, ZL = 398–563 µm (475±37 µm, N = 20), ZW = 259–467 µm (378±51 µm, N = 20), mean L/W = 1.26, boundaries marked by deep grooves (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47AFDC87BFB9AE0C8" box="[953,1048,1136,1162]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Frontal shield flat to slightly convex, tubercular, smooth, with elliptical marginal areolae (30–60 µm long) at zooidal lateral corners usually distinguishable from much smaller, circular pseudopores; pseudopores reticulate (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47C4DC8BDFAE8E092" box="[1289,1386,1206,1232]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6L</figureCitation>
), D = 10–25 µm, numbering 20–30, evenly distributed on the frontal shield proximal to ascopore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9C910FC3AE24A" blockId="16.[188,1399,1307,1544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
Primary orifice transversely D-shaped; OL = 75–97 µm (83±7 µm, N = 9), OW = 114–160 µm (138±14 µm, N = 15), mean OL/OW = 0.60, mean ZL/OL = 5.70; hinge-line straight, smooth, with small triangular condyles at corners (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47B2DC96AFD44E139" box="[617,710,1377,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Five to seven robust, long (190–260 µm), articulated, oral spines visible in non-ovicellate zooids (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47BC3C98EFCCBE1DD" box="[647,841,1412,1439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6A, C, E, G</figureCitation>
); two spines or none visible in ovicellate zooids (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47981C9A3FED5E180" box="[197,343,1448,1474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6A, I–J</figureCitation>
); proximalmost pair of spines thicker, placed almost at level with the proximal margin of orifice (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA4785FC9C0FE23E1A7" box="[283,417,1483,1509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
); spines indenting proximal margin of distal zooid and becoming embedded until completely obliterated by frontal shield calcification (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47A76C9E5FC28E24A" box="[818,938,1518,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6D, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA479F9CA3BFE19E2B8" blockId="16.[186,1399,1584,1786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
Ascopore (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA4787ECA3BFE31E208" box="[314,435,1584,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6B, K</figureCitation>
) moderately depressed or at level with adjacent frontal shield, transversely elliptical, D = 27–81 µm, less than one ascopore width from orifice; ascopore opening delicately cribrate with thin distal projection expanding proximally; pores of ascopore plate eight-shaped or trifoliate; smooth, low, knobby, rounded umbo developing proximally to ascopore, sometimes becoming quadrangular and curved inwards (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA478C6CAB7FE56E294" box="[386,468,1724,1750]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
), hiding ascopore. In some zooids multiple umbones forming on frontal shield with age (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47876CAEBFE0FE2B8" box="[306,397,1760,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2AFFA679F9CB2AFEB0E504" blockId="16.[188,1399,1825,1992]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1398,265,326]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">
Avicularia more often paired (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47B70CB2AFD6BE379" box="[564,745,1825,1852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6A, D, H</figureCitation>
), sometimes single (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47AAECB2AFBF2E379" box="[1002,1136,1825,1851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6D–E</figureCitation>
); in two zooids third avicularium was observed at zooidal mid-length, budded from one of lateral areolae (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC2AFFA47DD3CB4FFB6BE31C" box="[1175,1257,1860,1886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
, see arrow); relatively large, AvL = 77–115 µm (95±17 µm, N = 20), AvW = 56–80 µm (69±6 µm, N = 20), mean AvL/AvW = 1.38; located laterally in zooidal distal half, on either side, with thin complete crossbar usually at same level as ascopore; rostrum acutely triangular, narrowly channelled distally, directed distolaterally, distally raised. Mandible long (120–150 µm), with setose end, and pair of basal hooks (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC28FFA67982CD27FEA6E504" box="[198,292,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="59B708EABC2BFFA579F9CA65FD1BE3AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="51" startId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" targetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC2BFFA579F9CA65FD1BE3AB" blockId="17.[188,1398,1646,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA579F9CA65FE8DE2CA" bold="true" box="[189,271,1646,1672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC2BFFA5785ECA65FCD8E2CA" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,858,1646,1672]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA5785ECA65FD8DE2CA" box="[282,527,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">Microporella similis</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC2BFFA57A20CA64FC41E2CB" box="[868,963,1647,1673]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57A88CA65FB87E2CA" bold="true" box="[972,1029,1646,1672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">A–C</emphasis>
. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57D47CA99FB9AE2EE" bold="true" box="[1027,1048,1682,1708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57B0DCABFFD03E28C" bold="true" box="[585,641,1716,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">E–G</emphasis>
. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57849CAD3FEC5E2B0" bold="true" box="[269,327,1752,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">H–L</emphasis>
. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57D01CAD3FBD8E2B0" bold="true" box="[1093,1114,1752,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA578CECAF0FE1CE357" bold="true" box="[394,414,1787,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
. Close-up of ascopore.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57B87CAF0FD5AE357" bold="true" box="[707,728,1787,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57D85CAF0FB54E357" bold="true" box="[1217,1238,1787,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57B75CB15FDC7E37A" bold="true" box="[561,581,1822,1848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57DA8CB15FB7CE37A" bold="true" box="[1260,1278,1822,1848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
. Close-up of multiporous septula.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57894CB4AFE65E319" bold="true" box="[464,487,1857,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57803CB6EFEDCE33D" bold="true" box="[327,350,1893,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
. Close-up of an open mandible.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57B9CCB6EFD61E33D" bold="true" box="[728,739,1893,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57DABCB6EFB7CE33D" bold="true" box="[1263,1278,1893,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow).
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57A6FCB83FCC0E3E0" bold="true" box="[811,834,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">K</emphasis>
. Close-up of ascopore.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC2BFFA57D13CB83FBE9E3E0" bold="true" box="[1111,1131,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51">L</emphasis>
. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9CD65FBB9E675" blockId="18.[189,1399,365,568]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
Ovicell globular, prominent (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC28FFA67B54CD65FD1CE5CA" box="[528,670,365,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6A, I–J</figureCitation>
), large, OvL = 286–335 µm (306±18 µm, N = 6), OvW = 338– 430 µm (384±37 µm, N = 6), mean OvL/OvW = 0.80; occupying frontal shield of next distal zooid up to the proximal margin of avicularia; calcification smooth, radially ribbed, with about 20 well defined ribs, and five circular pseudopores, D = 5–20 µm, arranged in radial rows between ribs, extending from ovicell periphery but not reaching centre, which is occupied by more or less raised, smooth and imperforate umbo; in some ovicells umbo more proximally placed (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC28FFA67A9ECE15FBACE675" box="[986,1070,541,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9CE54FCA3E6A1" blockId="18.[189,1400,607,739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
Ancestrula tatiform (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC28FFA678F1CE54FD90E63B" box="[437,530,607,633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionTargetBox="[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[353,1235,265,1609]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Microporella similis Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704271), Velero 1232–41, 5 miles from San Pedro Breakwater, California, USA. D. Paratype (SBMNH 702583), Laguna Beach, California, USA. E–G. Paratype (SBMNH 703675), Santa Catalina Island, California, USA. H–L. Paratype (SBMNH 668408), Bahia Todos Santos, Mexico. A. Group of autozooids, some ovicellate. B. Close-up of ascopore. C. Ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. D. Close-up of autozooids showing the orifice. E. Autozooids with multiple umbones on the frontal shield. F. Close-up of multiporous septula. G. Close-up of a young autozooid at colony growing edge showing the length of oral spines. H. Close-up of an open mandible. I. Ovicellate zooids with quadrangular umbo. J. Group of zooids, one showing a third avicularium (see arrow). K. Close-up of ascopore. L. Close-up of reticulate pseudopores. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C, I = 500 µm; D = 250 µm; E, G = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; H = 120 µm; J = 300 µm; K–L = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030317/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), elliptical, 370 µm long by 260 µm wide, with 10 circumopesial spines, arranged seven distolaterally closely spaced and three proximally widely spaced, indenting opesia outline which appears undulate, opesia 260 µm long by 185 µm wide, surrounded by seven zooids; first two zooids budded distolaterally, lacking avicularia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC28FFA679F9CF01FBD5E2BD" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9CF01FEB2E766" blockId="18.[189,304,778,804]" box="[189,304,778,804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC28FFA679F9CF01FEB2E766" bold="true" box="[189,304,778,804]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA679F9CF01FEB2E766" bold="true" box="[189,304,778,804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9CF32FB82E0B8" blockId="18.[188,1399,824,1274]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA679F9CF32FD5DE711" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,735,825,851]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA679F9CF32FE29E711" box="[189,427,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Microporella similis</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC28FFA67BA0CF32FCBFE711" box="[740,829,825,851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to both
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67D41CF32FB0CE711" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1029,1166,825,851]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67D41CF32FB0CE711" box="[1029,1166,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC28FFA67DD8CF32FB62E711" box="[1180,1248,824,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,284,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[189,1398,284,1643]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Microporella cribrosa Osburn, 1952, holotype (SBMNH 668403) (previously AHF 80), Corona del Mar (36°31′59.998169″ N, 121°56′59.989014″ W), Newport Harbor, Orange County, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate zooids with two oral spines visible and paired avicularia with setiform mandibles. B. Group of zooids, most ovicellate, with umbones hiding the ascopore; one zooid showing five robust oral spines. C. Close-up of frontal shield and ovicells showing the simple (i.e., nonreticulate) pseudopores. D–E. Close-ups of ascopore showing well-developed distal projections and radial denticulations converging towards the centre giving to the lunate aperture a reticulate appearance. F. Tatiform ancestrula, seemingly regenerated as a kenozooid with adventitious avicularium, and early astogeny with zooids showing up to 7 oral spines. Scale bars: A–B, F = 500 µm; C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030313/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67C5BCF32FE71E734" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67C5BCF32FAF6E710" box="[1311,1396,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. rota</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC28FFA678BECF57FDD4E734" box="[506,598,860,886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC28FFA67B22CF57FD32E734" box="[614,688,860,886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,265,1644]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[242,1346,265,1644]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Microporella rota Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., all California, USA. A, D, F. Paratype (SBMNH 704769), Pillar Point. B–C. Holotype (SBMNH 704766), Shelter Cove. E, G. Paratype (SBMNH 704767), Mill Creek.H. Paratype (SBMNH 706126), Marshall Gulch.A. Group of autozooids with umbonate frontal shield. B. Group of ovicellate zooids. C. Close-up of the ascopore, reticulate pseudopores (see also insert), and orifice. D. Partially overgrown tatiform ancestrula and first budded autozooid lacking an avicularium. E. Close-up of multiporous septula. F. Aberrant zooids, lacking an orifice but with avicularium and ascopore (seemingly triple in the aberrant zooid at the bottom), formed at the edge of encounter between two colonies. G. Autozooid with two avicularia on the same side. H. Autozooids having avicularia with preserved mandibles. Scale bars: A–B, F, H = 500 µm; C = 200 µm; D = 150 µm; E = 50 µm; G = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030309/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Like
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67A40CF56FC0DE734" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[772,911,860,886]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67A40CF56FC0DE734" box="[772,911,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it has robust spines ranging from five to seven and typically has paired avicularia; like
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67B98CF8BFCB1E7DB" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[732,819,896,921]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67B98CF8BFCB1E7DB" box="[732,819,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. rota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it has reticulate pseudopores. Nonetheless, there are notable distinguishing traits. Despite having a cribrate ascopore as the two aforementioned species, the one in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67871CFCDFE2BE79D" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[309,425,965,991]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67871CFCDFE2BE79D" box="[309,425,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67BD0CFCDFD69E79D" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[660,747,966,991]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67BD0CFCDFD69E79D" box="[660,747,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. rota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a distal projection expanding mid-proximally and a different shape of the cribrate plate pores, wich are mostly eight-shaped as well as trifoliate in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA679FBC806FEB6E064" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[191,308,1036,1062]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA679FBC806FEB6E064" box="[191,308,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but simply rounded in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67B02C806FD1CE064" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[582,670,1037,1062]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67B02C806FD1CE064" box="[582,670,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. rota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In comparison to
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67A38C806FB85E064" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[892,1031,1036,1062]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67A38C806FB85E064" box="[892,1031,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67D52C806FB09E064" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[1046,1163,1036,1062]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67D52C806FB09E064" box="[1046,1163,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more delicate distal projection. Additionally, the frontal shield and ovicell surface of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67D5EC83BFB10E00B" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[1050,1170,1071,1097]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67D5EC83BFB10E00B" box="[1050,1170,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are tubercular and smooth, while in the other two species they are tubercular but also finely to coarsely granular. Ovicells of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67998C87DFECDE0CD" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[220,335,1141,1167]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67998C87DFECDE0CD" box="[220,335,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are larger, displaying a higher number of better defined ribs, while a lower number of pores are present in the grooves between ribs. In ovicellate zooids, the proximalmost pair of spines may either be retained, as observed in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67B43C8B6FD10E094" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[519,658,1212,1238]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67B43C8B6FD10E094" box="[519,658,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or obliterated, as seen in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67A96C8B6FBA8E094" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[978,1066,1213,1238]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67A96C8B6FBA8E094" box="[978,1066,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. rota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of a distinct, quadrangular umbo is another characteristic that sets this species apart.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9C92BFE94E18A" blockId="18.[188,1399,1312,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC28FFA679F9C92BFE27E179" author="Soule D. F. &amp; Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W." box="[189,421,1312,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
Soule
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA6784FC92AFEC9E178" box="[267,331,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
reassigned to
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67B1EC92AFD6AE178" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[602,744,1312,1338]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67B1EC92AFD6AE178" box="[602,744,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67DE4C92AFACFE178" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1184,1357,1312,1338]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67DE4C92AFACFE178" box="[1184,1357,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC28FFA679F9C94FFE11E11C" author="Robertson A." box="[189,403,1348,1374]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" pagination="253 - 344" refId="ref18950" refString="Robertson A. 1908. The Incrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast of North America 4: 253 - 344." type="journal article" year="1908">Robertson (1908)</bibRefCitation>
. However, upon reviewing the description and illustration provided by
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC28FFA67DBAC94FFEC0E1C3" author="Robertson A." pageId="18" pageNumber="52" pagination="253 - 344" refId="ref18950" refString="Robertson A. 1908. The Incrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast of North America 4: 253 - 344." type="journal article" year="1908">Robertson (1908: 281</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 18 figs 32–34), particularly noting the depiction of the cribrate ascopore with delicate distal projection, it is likely that those specimens actually belong to
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67A8FC980FAF5E1E6" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[971,1399,1418,1444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67A8FC980FBBDE1E6" box="[971,1087,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC28FFA679F8C9A5FE94E18A" box="[188,278,1454,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9C9E4FBD5E2BD" blockId="18.[189,1401,1519,1792]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
Following the SEM examination of the
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC28FFA67BD8C9E4FC81E24B" box="[668,771,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67A6BC9E4FBB4E24B" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[815,1078,1519,1545]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67A6BC9E4FBB4E24B" box="[815,1078,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Microporella cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it becomes evident that it represents a complex of species. This evidence prompts the need for a comprehensive re-evaluation of prior records attributed to
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67B5ACA3DFD2BE20D" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[542,681,1589,1615]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67B5ACA3DFD2BE20D" box="[542,681,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may lead to the identification of additional colonies belonging to both
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA678D1CA52FCABE230" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[405,809,1624,1650]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA678D1CA52FE6EE230" box="[405,492,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. rota</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC28FFA67A74CA52FC09E231" box="[816,907,1625,1651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67A81CA52FAF5E230" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[965,1399,1624,1650]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67A81CA52FBB8E230" box="[965,1082,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. similis</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC28FFA679F9CA77FE9CE2D4" box="[189,286,1660,1686]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as well as potentially revealing the existence of more previously unidentified species. This might imply a more restricted distribution for
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA67BAFCA94FCF4E2FB" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[747,886,1695,1721]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA67BAFCA94FCF4E2FB" box="[747,886,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting also that it may not be among the commonest species of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA678B3CAC9FD11E29E" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[503,659,1730,1756]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA678B3CAC9FD11E29E" box="[503,659,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC28FFA67BFDCAC9FCB2E29E" box="[697,816,1730,1756]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">California</collectingRegion>
as previously thought, a notion supported by our sampling where we did not encounter any specimens of this particular species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC28FFA779F9CB2DFEF3E504" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA679F9CB2DFE77E303" blockId="18.[189,501,1830,1857]" box="[189,501,1830,1857]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC28FFA679F9CB2DFE77E303" bold="true" box="[189,501,1830,1857]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA679F9CB2DFE77E303" bold="true" box="[189,501,1830,1857]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC28FFA779F9CB5DFEF3E504" blockId="18.[189,1399,1877,1974]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,265,326]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">
To date,
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC28FFA6786CCB5EFCE1E32D" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,867,1877,1903]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA6786CCB5EFD9EE32D" box="[296,540,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">Microporella similis</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC28FFA67A29CB5DFC48E332" box="[877,970,1878,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was recorded at three Pacific sites, two in
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC28FFA67857CB73FE08E3D0" box="[275,394,1912,1938]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">California</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC28FFA678DFCB73FE5BE3D0" box="[411,473,1912,1938]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">USA</collectingCountry>
) waters (i.e., Dillon Beach and
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC28FFA67A1DCB73FC51E3D0" box="[857,979,1912,1938]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
Bay) down to
<quantity id="CA30F587BC28FFA67DCECB73FB54E3D1" box="[1162,1238,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC28FFA67C76CB73FEBEE3F4" author="Soule D. F. &amp; Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W." pageId="18" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. &amp; Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
Soule
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC28FFA679FBCB97FF78E3F7" box="[191,250,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
), and one in Mexican waters (i.e., Bahia Todos Santos) at
<quantity id="CA30F587BC28FFA67A9BCB90FBC4E3F4" box="[991,1094,1947,1974]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 m</quantity>
depth. Studied specimens are usually detached from the substrate except in one instance in which the colony was encrusting an echinoid spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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