406 lines
33 KiB
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406 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-209-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" ModsDocID="1314-2003-209-1" checkinTime="1663958886913" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="3CC7DA1CAB255F94AD9666E1ECAE841F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 209: 1-134" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 209" docPubDate="2022-09-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" docTitle="Lycianthes kaernbachii (Lauterb. & K. Schum.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as “ kaernbachii ”." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" masterDocTitle="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1663958886913" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>209</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>134</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-209-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CC7DA1CAB255F94AD9666E1ECAE841F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3CC7DA1CAB255F94AD9666E1ECAE841F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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8.
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<taxonomicName LSID="3CC7DA1C-AB25-5F94-AD96-66E1ECAE841F" authority="(Lauterb. & K. Schum.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as " kaernbachii "." authorityName="(Lauterb. & K. Schum.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as “ kaernbachii ”." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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Lycianthes kaernbachii (Lauterb. & K.Schum.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“kaernbachii”">"kaernbachii"</normalizedToken>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Lycianthes kaernbachii (Lauterb. & K. Schum.) Bitter. Drawing by M. L. Szent-Ivany, first published in Symon (1985: fig. 13, as S. kaernbachii Lauterb. & K. Schum.). Courtesy of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746674" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Lycianthes kaernbachii herbarium specimen. Papua New Guinea. Morobe: Kairo & Streimann NGF- 30943 (A). Courtesy of the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746675" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">Solanum kaernbachii</taxonomicName>
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Lauterb. & K.Schum., Fl. Schutzgeb.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südsee">Suedsee</normalizedToken>
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[Schumann & Lauterbach] 535. 1900 [
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“1901”">"1901"</normalizedToken>
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], as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“kaernbachii”">"kaernbachii"</normalizedToken>
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. Type. Papua New Guinea. Morobe: "Kaiser Wilmhelmsland, Sattelberg, nach Selilo", 800 m, 10 Dec 1893,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Kaernbach 77</emphasis>
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(holotype: B [destroyed]). Papua New Guinea. Morobe: Sattelberg, 20 Dec 1935,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M.S. Clemens 1289</emphasis>
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(neotype, designated here: L [L.2881629]; isoneotypes: G [G00415794], L [L.2881630]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schlechterianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schlechterianum">Solanum schlechterianum</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 111. 1917, as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Schlechterianum”">"Schlechterianum"</normalizedToken>
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. Type. Papua New Guinea. Madang: "Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Waldern am Djamu", ca. 700 m, 24 Feb 1908,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.R.R. Schlechter 17339</emphasis>
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(holotype: B [B 10 0278656]; isotype: P [P00379697]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes schlechteriana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schlechteriana">Lycianthes schlechteriana</taxonomicName>
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(Bitter) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 504. 1919, as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Schlechteriana”">"Schlechteriana"</normalizedToken>
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. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schlechterianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schlechterianum">Solanum schlechterianum</taxonomicName>
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Bitter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lauterb. & K.Schum.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746674" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lauterb. & K.Schum.) Bitter. Drawing by M.L. Szent-Ivany, first published in
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<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B89" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon (1985</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 13, as
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lauterb. & K.Schum.). Courtesy of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium (Adelaide,
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="South Australia">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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), reproduced with permission.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Woody climber or large liana, size not recorded; stems terete, densely to moderately pubescent with simple uniseriate 3-7-celled weak-walled, trichomes to 1 mm long, these occasionally forked, drying golden tan; new growth densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems, bright golden tan in dry material; bark of older stems brown, not markedly glabrescent on twigs. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate, the leaves of a pair different in size and shape. Leaves simple; blades of major leaves 9-21 cm long, 3.5-11 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, widest in the middle, discolorous, coriaceous (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“greasy”">"greasy"</normalizedToken>
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fide
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kairo & Streimann NGF-30943</emphasis>
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); adaxial surfaces shiny, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes, these denser along the veins; abaxial surfaces moderately to densely and even pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long, these 3-7-celled, weak-walled, drying golden tan, denser along the veins; principal veins 7-10 pairs, the midrib somewhat keeled, the veins impressed above; base acute to somewhat cordate-truncate, oblique; margins entire, slightly revolute; apex acute to abruptly acuminate; petioles 0.5-3 cm long, densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; blades of minor leaves 2.5-6.5 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, broadly elliptic to orbicular, texture and pubescence like that of the major leaves; base rounded or cordate; margins entire to slightly revolute; apex rounded or obtuse; petioles absent to 0.6 cm long, pubescence like thatof the major leaves. Inflorescences paired rows of cauliflorous pedicels along the stem between the nodes and in leaf axils with groups of more than 10 flowers, many flowers open simultaneously, pubescence like that of the stems; pedicels 0.8-1.1 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, slender and spreading, purple or green, glabrous to sparsely to moderately pubescent with golden simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.25 mm long, these less dense than stem pubescence, articulated at the base; pedicel scars closely spaced in rows along the stems. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla more or less strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous and unisexual, individual specimens with either short-styled or long-styled flowers, the plants probably dioecious. Calyx tube 2-2.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm in diameter, urn-shaped, thick and woody in dry material (fleshy in live plants?), slightly tuberculate, with scattered to denser simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the pedicels, without appendages, the rim constricted and thickened. Corolla 0.8-0.9 cm in diameter, creamy white to reddish cream (fragrant fide
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kairo & Streimann NGF-30943</emphasis>
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), stellate, lobed nearly to the base, interpetalar tissue absent, the lobes 3-4 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, spreading or reflexed, thick and fleshy (live plants), glabrous adaxially, minutely puberulent abaxially, the tips and margins densely papillate, the tips strongly cucullate. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, plumply ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with age. Ovary globose to conical, glabrous, vestigial in short-styled flowers; style in short-styled flowers apparently absent, in long-styled flowers ca. 4.5 mm long, straight, glabrous; stigma strongly bifid, the lobes ca. 1 mm long, the surfaces minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.5-0.6 cm in diameter, green, the pericarp glabrous, hard and somewhat woody in dried material, opaque; fruiting pedicels 0.9-1.1 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading, more or less woody, slightly tuberculate; fruiting calyx a cup around the basal third of the berry, woody in dry material (fleshy in live plants?), with a few simple uniseriate trichomes, somewhat tuberculate. Seeds 2-20 per berry, 3-3.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, without a deep notch, reddish tan, the surfaces deeply pitted, especially near the margins, the testal cells sinuate in outline. Stone cells absent. Chromosome number not known.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746675" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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herbarium specimen. Papua New Guinea. Morobe:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kairo & Streimann NGF-30943</emphasis>
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(A). Courtesy of the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, reproduced with permission.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Distribution of Lycianthes kaernbachii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746676" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to the island of New Guinea; it has only been collected in Papua New Guinea (Madang, Morobe) in the eastern Finisterre Range.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746676" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a plant of primary lowland rainforest, between 30 and 700 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Papua New Guinea. nigukwaa (Schumann and Lauterbach 1901).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B38" refString="2020. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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EOO (8,882 km2 - VU); AOO (24 km2 - EN).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from five localities, all in the Finesterre range. Its small range, coupled with the lack of collections from protected areas suggest a preliminary threat status of Endangered (EN[B1,2ab(iii,iv)]) for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is probably the most distinctive and unusual of the New Guinea species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It is a large canopy liana with softly pubescent leaves and is cauliflorous, a character not seen elsewhere in the genus, and one that I have not seen elsewhere in the family. The inflorescence axis is apparently adnate to the stem, and the buds, flowers and fruits are in two parallel rows of varying length between the nodes. Flowers of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, at less than 1 cm in diameter, are among the smallest (with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. peranomala" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peranomala">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. peranomala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) amongst New Guinea
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Corolla lobes of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are valvate in bud and thick and fleshy on live plants, becoming somewhat woody on dry specimens and completely lack interpetalar tissue. This type of corolla is shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. oliveriana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. peranomala" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peranomala">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. peranomala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is easily distinguished from those taxa by its soft pubescence on abaxial leaf surfaces (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. oliveriana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is glabrous and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. peranomala" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peranomala">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. peranomala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has sparse pubescence of stiff antrorse trichomes only along the veins) and its cauliflory (the other two species have strictly axillary inflorescences).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Millar NGF-23365</emphasis>
|
|
is less pubescent than most of the other collections of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
I have seen and was tentatively identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. oliveriana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliveriana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. oliveriana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Symon based on a non-reproductive specimen; he later suggested it might be a mixed collection (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B89" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It does, however, have the distinctive linear cauliflory of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on other duplicates and the pubescence of the new growth indicates it is not a mixed collection but rather an unusual sparsely pubescent plant of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The type specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was held in Berlin and was destroyed in the Second World War, along with the many other types no longer extant (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595024" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1585 - 1601" refId="B98" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2010. Lost Berlin (B) types of Solanum (Solanaceae) - found in Goettingen (GOET). Taxon 59 (5): 1585 - 1601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595024" title="Lost Berlin (B) types of Solanum (Solanaceae) - found in Goettingen (GOET)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595024" volume="59" year="2010">Vorontsova and Knapp 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); no duplicates have been found. As a neotype (L.2881629) I have selected a collection from the same locality
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Sattelberg”">"Sattelberg"</normalizedToken>
|
|
in eastern Papua New Guinea (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clemens 1289</emphasis>
|
|
) that corresponds to the description in the protologue and is held in several herbaria.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schlechterianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schlechterianum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schlechterianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was not destroyed along with other New Guinea collections at Berlin;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 113" refId="B11" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59 - 113" title="Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum." volume="55" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
acknowledged the similarity of his new species with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kaernbachii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and his illustration clearly shows the distinctive caulescent inflorescences.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1908-04-24" collectingDateMax="1984-06-18" collectingDateMin="1908-04-24" collectorName="Clemens, Sankwet L. A., Kairo, Streimann., Emos, Millar, Vinas" country="US" county="Buso River" elevation="700" location="Bupu village" municipality="Bupu village" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madang">
|
|
Papua New Guinea.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang">Madang</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: "Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Waldern am Djamu",
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1908-04-24">24 Apr 1908</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schlechter 17339</emphasis>
|
|
(P).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Wareo,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="610.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1935-01-01">1 Jan 1935</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectorName>Clemens</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName>Clemens</collectorName>
|
|
1426
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(L);
|
|
<collectorName>Sankwet L.A.</collectorName>
|
|
, Lae,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1967-11-30">30 Nov 1967</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectorName>Kairo</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName>Streimann.</collectorName>
|
|
NGF-30943
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(A, E, K, L, NSW),
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1968-01-05">5 Jan 1968</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectorName>Kairo</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName>Emos</collectorName>
|
|
NGF-30983
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(A, E, K, L, LAE);
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CC7DA1CAB255F94AD9666E1ECAE841F:112691E037ACD3C0C4968A6B83106839" country="US" county="Buso River" municipality="Bupu village" name="Bupu village" stateProvince="Madang">Bupu village</location>
|
|
above Wampit,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" unit="m" value="762.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" unit="m" value="762.0">762 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-03-03">3 Mar 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Millar NGF-23260</emphasis>
|
|
(K, L, LAE, NY, US);
|
|
<collectingMunicipality>Bupu village</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
above Wampit,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.01" unit="m" value="701.0">
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.01" unit="m" value="701.0">701 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1964-03-04">4 Mar 1964</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectorName>Millar</collectorName>
|
|
NGF-23365
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(A, K, L, LAE,
|
|
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
|
|
); midway of
|
|
<collectingCounty>Buso River</collectingCounty>
|
|
,
|
|
<locationDeviation location="Buso Camp">SE of Buso Camp</locationDeviation>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate value="1984-06-18">18 Jun 1984</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectorName>Vinas</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName>Kairo</collectorName>
|
|
308
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(K)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |