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<mods:title id="AAD5316597C15BD02608747304BBE06E">Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="022487BFFFDBFF99FF24FC37FB51F895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4984888" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182958082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4984888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:022487BFFFDBFF99FF24FC37FB51F895" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/022487BFFFDBFF99FF24FC37FB51F895" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<subSubSection id="C2976522FFDBFF99FF24FC37FDCCFC12" box="[151,634,982,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A3236A9FFDBFF99FF24FC37FDCCFC12" blockId="6.[151,634,982,1044]" box="[151,634,982,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<heading id="D17A81C5FFDBFF99FF24FC37FDCCFC12" bold="true" box="[151,634,982,1008]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF24FC37FDCCFC12" bold="true" box="[151,634,982,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FEACFC37FDCCFC12" authority="Viets, 1927" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1927" box="[287,634,982,1008]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lohmannellinae">Lohmannellinae Viets, 1927</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C2976522FFDBFF99FF24FC1BFDF0FBF6" box="[151,582,1017,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8A3236A9FFDBFF99FF24FC1BFDF0FBF6" blockId="6.[151,634,982,1044]" box="[151,582,1017,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
[
<typeStatus id="5536880BFFDBFF99FF2DFC1BFF6BFBF6" box="[158,221,1018,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF54FC18FD88FBF6" ID-CoL="5G7G" authority="Trouessart, 1901" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1901" box="[231,574,1017,1044]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Lohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF54FC18FECDFBF1" box="[231,379,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Lohmannella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FE32FC1BFD88FBF6" author="Trouessart, E. L. &amp; Neumann, M. G." box="[385,574,1017,1044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="247 - 266" refId="ref52925" refString="Trouessart, E. L. &amp; Neumann, M. G. (1901) Note sur les Acariens marins (Halacaridae) recoltes par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville dans la region d'Omonville-la-Rogue (Manche) et dans la fosse de la Hague (Juin - Juillet 1899). Bulletin de la Societe des Amis des Sciences Naturelles de Rouen, 36, 247 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Trouessart, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2976522FFDBFF99FF24FBDEFB34FB23" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A3236A9FFDBFF99FF24FBDEFB34FB23" blockId="6.[151,1437,1087,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
Diagnosis.
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FEA6FBDEFECBFBBB" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[277,381,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Idiosoma</taxonomicName>
obovoid. Four dorsal plates (
<collectingRegion id="4849F84BFFDBFF99FD77FBDEFD46FBBB" box="[708,752,1087,1113]" country="Serbia" name="Ada" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">AD</collectingRegion>
, right and left OC, and PD) and four ventral plates (AE, right and left PE, and GA) fundamentally present, but OC occasionally reduced. Palpi slender, two- or four- segmented, and placed dorsally or laterally on the
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FDF2FB65FD7EFB7C" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[577,712,1156,1182]" class="Chromadorea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">gnathosoma</taxonomicName>
base. Rostrum elongate, almost the same length as the palpi, and parallel-sided for most of the length. Lc developed, but median claw sometimes vestigial.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2976522FFDBFF99FF63FB28FB51F895" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A3236A9FFDBFF99FF63FB28FBE1F9DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1087,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
Remarks. The subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FE49FB28FD06FB01" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1927" box="[506,688,1225,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lohmannellinae">Lohmannellinae</taxonomicName>
was originally erected by
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FC41FB28FB38FB01" author="Viets, K." box="[1010,1166,1225,1251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="83 - 173" refId="ref53208" refString="Viets, K. (1927 a) Die Halacaridae der Nordsee. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 130, 83 - 173." type="journal article" year="1927">Viets (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
to include two genera
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF24FB0DFE44FAE4" authority="Trouessart, 1888" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,498,1260,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Lohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF24FB0DFE9DFAE4" box="[151,299,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Lohmannella</emphasis>
Trouessart, 1888
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FD9CFB0DFC2AFAE4" authority="Trouessart, 1889" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1889" box="[559,924,1260,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Scaptognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FD9CFB0DFD62FAE4" box="[559,724,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Scaptognathus</emphasis>
Trouessart, 1889
</taxonomicName>
. At that time,
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB8DFB0DFADFFAE4" baseAuthorityName="Bartsch" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1086,1385,1260,1286]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Porolohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FB8DFB0DFADFFAE4" box="[1086,1385,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Porolohmannella violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was incorporated into
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FED1FAEEFE40FACB" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1888" box="[354,502,1295,1321]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Lohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FED1FAEEFE40FACB" box="[354,502,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Lohmannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Vietss system. Afterwards, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FC48FAEEFB08FACB" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1933" box="[1019,1214,1295,1321]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Porolohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FC48FAEEFB08FACB" box="[1019,1214,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Porolohmannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FF24FAD0FE95FAA9" author="Viets, K." box="[151,291,1329,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="277 - 288" refId="ref53492" refString="Viets, K. (1933) Vierte Mitteilung uber Wassermilben aus unterirdischen Gewassern (Hydrachnellae et Halacaridae, Acari). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 102, 277 - 288." type="journal article" year="1933">Viets (1933)</bibRefCitation>
based on
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FE2BFAD0FD74FAA9" baseAuthorityName="Bartsch" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[408,706,1329,1355]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Porolohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FE2BFAD0FD74FAA9" box="[408,706,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Porolohmannella violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="5536880BFFDBFF99FCA6FAD3FCFFFAAE" box="[789,841,1330,1356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
. At present,
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FC64FAD0FB3BFAA9" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1927" box="[983,1165,1329,1355]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lohmannellinae">Lohmannellinae</taxonomicName>
consists of five genera:
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF24FAB5FE40FA8C" authority="Trouessart, 1888" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,502,1364,1391]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Lohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF24FAB5FE9DFA8C" box="[151,299,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Lohmannella</emphasis>
Trouessart, 1888
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FDB6FAB5FCE0FA8C" authority="Viets, 1933" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1933" box="[517,854,1364,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Porolohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FDB6FAB5FD7EFA8C" box="[517,712,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Porolohmannella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FD62FAB5FCE0FA8C" author="Viets, K." box="[721,854,1364,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="277 - 288" refId="ref53492" refString="Viets, K. (1933) Vierte Mitteilung uber Wassermilben aus unterirdischen Gewassern (Hydrachnellae et Halacaridae, Acari). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 102, 277 - 288." type="journal article" year="1933">Viets, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FCD6FAB5FB63FA8C" authority="Trouessart, 1889" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1889" box="[869,1237,1364,1391]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Scaptognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FCD6FAB5FBBCFA8C" box="[869,1034,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Scaptognathus</emphasis>
Trouessart, 1889
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB50FAB5FEF3FA73" authority="Monniot, 1972" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Scaptognathides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FB50FAB5FA2AFA8C" box="[1251,1436,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Scaptognathides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FF24FA96FEF3FA73" author="Monniot, F." box="[151,325,1399,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="361 - 366" refId="ref48999" refString="Monniot, F. (1972) Scaptognathides, un nouveau genre d'acariens marins (Halacaridae), dans l'Atlantique ouest. Acarologia, 13, 361 - 366." type="journal article" year="1972">Monniot, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FE39FA96FD09FA73" authority="Otto, 2000" authorityName="Otto" authorityYear="2000" box="[394,703,1399,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Xenohalacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FE39FA96FD82FA73" box="[394,564,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenohalacarus</emphasis>
Otto, 2000
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FD7DFA96FC30FA70" author="Bartsch, I." box="[718,902,1399,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="67 - 99" refId="ref44341" refString="Bartsch, I. (1996 a) Halacarids (Halacaroidea, Acari) in freshwater. Multiple invasions from the Paleozoic onwards? Journal of Natural History, 30, 67 - 99." type="journal article" year="1996">Bartsch (1996a)</bibRefCitation>
moved three freshwater species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF24FA78FEECFA51" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,346,1433,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Porolohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF24FA78FEECFA51" box="[151,346,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Porolohmannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FE14FA78FDF5FA51" box="[423,579,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FE14FA78FD89FA51" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1888" box="[423,575,1433,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Lohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lohmannella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FD6AFA78FC2AFA51" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1933" box="[729,924,1433,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Porolohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FD6AFA78FC2AFA51" box="[729,924,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Porolohmannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains a single freshwater species and
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF24FA5DFE9DFA34" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,299,1468,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Lohmannella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF24FA5DFE9DFA34" box="[151,299,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Lohmannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of a large number of marine, brackishwater, and freshwater species.
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB50FA5DFA2AFA34" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1972" box="[1251,1436,1468,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Scaptognathides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FB50FA5DFA2AFA34" box="[1251,1436,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Scaptognathides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FECAFA3EFD98FA1B" author="Monniot, F." box="[377,558,1503,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="361 - 366" refId="ref48999" refString="Monniot, F. (1972) Scaptognathides, un nouveau genre d'acariens marins (Halacaridae), dans l'Atlantique ouest. Acarologia, 13, 361 - 366." type="journal article" year="1972">Monniot (1972)</bibRefCitation>
based on
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FD1BFA3EFC00FA1B" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1972" box="[680,950,1503,1529]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Scaptognathides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FD1BFA3EFC00FA1B" box="[680,950,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Scaptognathides planus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="5536880BFFDBFF99FBBDFA3EFB88FA1B" box="[1038,1086,1503,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
collected from the
<collectingCountry id="F29A7639FFDBFF99FA97FA3EFA2FFA1B" box="[1316,1433,1503,1529]" name="Bermuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Bermudas</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF24F9E0FEF7F9F9" authorityName="Otto" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,321,1537,1563]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Xenohalacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FF24F9E0FEF7F9F9" box="[151,321,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenohalacarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was most recently erected by
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FD3DF9E0FCABF9F9" author="Otto, J. C." box="[654,797,1537,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="285 - 291" refId="ref49646" refString="Otto, J. C. (2000 a) Xenohalacarus longirostris n. gen., n. sp., a marine mite (Acari: Halacaridae: Lohmannellinae) from Chilcott Islet, Australia. International Journal of Acarology, 26, 285 - 291." type="journal article" year="2000">Otto (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
based on
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FC38F9E0FB0AF9F9" authorityName="Otto" authorityYear="2000" box="[907,1212,1537,1563]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Xenohalacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FC38F9E0FB0AF9F9" box="[907,1212,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenohalacarus longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="5536880BFFDBFF99FAB4F9E3FA81F9FE" box="[1287,1335,1538,1564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
from the
<collectingRegion id="4849F84BFFDBFF99FF24F9C5FEADF9DC" box="[151,283,1572,1598]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Queensland</collectingRegion>
Plateau in
<collectingCountry id="F29A7639FFDBFF99FE24F9C5FDB7F9DC" box="[407,513,1572,1598]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Australia</collectingCountry>
. At present,
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FD3FF9C5FC80F9DC" authorityName="Otto" authorityYear="2000" box="[652,822,1572,1598]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Xenohalacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FD3FF9C5FC80F9DC" box="[652,822,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenohalacarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains a single species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3236A9FFDBFF99FF63F9A6FB51F895" blockId="6.[151,1437,1087,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
As mentioned before,
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FE74F9A6FDDEF983" author="Newell, I. M." box="[455,616,1607,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref49534" refString="Newell, I. M. (1984) Antarctic Halacaroidea. Antarctic Research Series, 40, 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1984">Newell (1984)</bibRefCitation>
raised this subfamily to the familial rank
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB84F9A6FB46F983" box="[1079,1264,1607,1633]" family="Lohmannellidae" pageId="6" pageNumber="202" rank="family">Lohmannellidae</taxonomicName>
, which in those days included marine and freshwater genera with dorsally attached palpi on the base of the
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB29F988FA93F961" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[1178,1317,1641,1667]" class="Chromadorea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">gnathosoma</taxonomicName>
. However, as
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FF0BF96DFEFDF945" author="Otto, J. C." box="[184,331,1676,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="535 - 555" refId="ref49695" refString="Otto, J. C. (2000 b) Halacaridae from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea: The genera Lohmannella, Scaptognathides and Scaptoganthus (Acarina: Halacaridae: Lohmannellinae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 45, 535 - 555." type="journal article" year="2000">Otto (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned, the dorsally attached palpi on the
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FCD2F96DFC5EF944" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1871" box="[865,1000,1676,1702]" class="Chromadorea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">gnathosoma</taxonomicName>
would be considered a plesiomorphic state, because this characteristic spreads over various taxa in
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FC89F94EFCCAF92B" baseAuthorityName="Lindquist" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[826,892,1711,1737]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acari" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Acari</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, in the present paper,
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB55F94EFA2AF92B" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1927" box="[1254,1436,1711,1737]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lohmannellinae">Lohmannellinae</taxonomicName>
retains its subfamilial rank, because positive evidence of the alteration could not be obtained under the existing circumstances. However, there still remains a possibility that the constituent of the subfamily will be changed depending on a phylogenetic tree-topology. Especially, as
<bibRefCitation id="EE1C4B58FFDBFF99FCA9F8F6FC1FF8D3" author="Otto, J. C." box="[794,937,1815,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="285 - 291" refId="ref49646" refString="Otto, J. C. (2000 a) Xenohalacarus longirostris n. gen., n. sp., a marine mite (Acari: Halacaridae: Lohmannellinae) from Chilcott Islet, Australia. International Journal of Acarology, 26, 285 - 291." type="journal article" year="2000">Otto (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
suggested, the assignment of
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FB40F8F6FA2BF8D3" authorityName="Otto" authorityYear="2000" box="[1267,1437,1815,1841]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Xenohalacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8F9EABBFFDBFF99FB40F8F6FA2BF8D3" box="[1267,1437,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Xenohalacarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4D8D4D2AFFDBFF99FF01F8D8FEDEF8B1" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1927" box="[178,360,1849,1875]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lohmannellinae">Lohmannellinae</taxonomicName>
was tentative and the systematic position has not been verified in recent molecular phylogenetics. Further molecular phylogenetic work will be required before an explicable system can be attained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>