915 lines
86 KiB
XML
915 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" ID-PMC="PMC5234548" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-74-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" ID-PubMed="28127236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165484" ModsDocID="1314-2003-74-35" checkinTime="1478665680339" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira, Faden, Robert B. & Almeida, Rafael Felipe de" docDate="2016" docId="66AF2A4C72AA54604DD3E3238554CBB2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 74: 35-78" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 74" docPubDate="2016-11-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" docTitle="Murdannia Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 403, pl. 95, f. 3. 1839." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668141867892" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faden, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Rafael Felipe de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Avenida Transnordestina s / n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-11-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>78</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-74-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">165484</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66AF2A4C72AA54604DD3E3238554CBB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/66AF2A4C72AA54604DD3E3238554CBB2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName LSID="66AF2A4C-72AA-5460-4DD3-E3238554CBB2" authority="Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 403, pl. 95, f. 3. 1839." authorityName="Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 403, pl. 95, f. 3. 1839." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="37" start="start">Murdannia</pageBreakToken>
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Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 403, pl. 95, f. 3. 1839.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aphylax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aphylax" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aphylax</taxonomicName>
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Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 271. 1812, nom. nud. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Salisb" authorityYear="1812" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aphylax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aphylax spiralis" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spiralis">Aphylax spiralis</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Salisb. [≡
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia spirata" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spirata">Murdannia spirata</taxonomicName>
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(L.) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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.].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Chevalier" authorityYear="1912" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Baoulia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baoulia" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Baoulia</taxonomicName>
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A.Chev., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58 (8): 217. 1912. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Chev" authorityYear="1912" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Baoulia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baoulia tenuissima" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuissima">Baoulia tenuissima</taxonomicName>
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A.Chev. [≡
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brenan" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="A. Chev." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia tenuissima" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuissima">Murdannia tenuissima</taxonomicName>
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(A.Chev.) Brenan].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wight" authorityYear="1853" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Dichaespermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dichaespermum" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dichaespermum</taxonomicName>
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Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 31. 1853. Type species (designated here).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wight" authorityYear="1853" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Dichaespermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dichaespermum lanceolatum" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">Dichaespermum lanceolatum</taxonomicName>
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Wight [≡
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia lanceolata" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">Murdannia lanceolata</taxonomicName>
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(Wight) Kammathy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Dilasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilasia" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dilasia</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 122. 1838, nom. rej. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raf" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Dilasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilasia vaginata" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginata">Dilasia vaginata</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Raf. [≡
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia vaginata" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginata">Murdannia vaginata</taxonomicName>
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(L.) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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.].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Ditelesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ditelesia" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ditelesia</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 69. 1837 nom. rej. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raf" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Ditelesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ditelesia nudiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">Ditelesia nudiflora</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Raf. [≡
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia nudiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">Murdannia nudiflora</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Brenan].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Phaeneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaeneilema" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phaeneilema</taxonomicName>
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G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Beibl. 137: 63. 1926, nom. illeg. Type species.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Phaeneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaeneilema sinicum" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinicum">Phaeneilema sinicum</taxonomicName>
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(Ker Gawl.) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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. [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia simplex" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">Murdannia simplex</taxonomicName>
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(Vahl) Brenan]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hasskarl" authorityYear="1866" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Prionostachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prionostachys" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Prionostachys</taxonomicName>
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Hassk., Flora 49: 212. 1866. Type species (designated here).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hassk. ex C. B. Clarke" authorityYear="1881" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Prionostachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prionostachys ensifolia" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensifolia">Prionostachys ensifolia</taxonomicName>
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Hassk. ex C.B. Clarke [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gigantea" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">Murdannia gigantea</taxonomicName>
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(Vahl) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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.].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1838" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Streptylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streptylis" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Streptylis</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 122. 1838, nom. rej. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raf" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Lam." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Streptylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streptylis bracteolata" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteolata">Streptylis bracteolata</taxonomicName>
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Raf. [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia spirata" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spirata">Murdannia spirata</taxonomicName>
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(L.) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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.].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Talipulia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Talipulia" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Talipulia</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 17. 1837, nom. rej. Type species.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Talipulia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Talipulia malabarica" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabarica">Talipulia malabarica</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Raf. [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia nudiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">Murdannia nudiflora</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Brenan].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Royle" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia scapiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scapiflora">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Murdannia scapiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Roxb.) Royle [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia edulis" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Murdannia edulis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Stokes) Faden].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Herbs</emphasis>
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, perennial or annual, rhizomatous or not, with a definite or indefinite base, terrestrial to paludal to rooted emergent aquatics.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Roots</emphasis>
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thin and fibrous or tuberous and fusiform.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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short to elongate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Stems</emphasis>
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trailing and ascending at the apex or erect, unbranched to densely branched, rooting in the rhizome and at the basal nodes, rarely at the distal ones when they touch the substrate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Leaves</emphasis>
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sessile; distichously or spirally-alternate, congested at the apex of the stem or evenly distributed along the stem; lamina flat to slightly falcate to falcate and/or conduplicate, base symmetrical, midvein inconspicuous to conspicuous, adaxially impressed or not, abaxially prominent or not, secondary veins conspicuous to inconspicuous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Synflorescence</emphasis>
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composed of a solitary main florescence or with 1-several coflorescences.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Main florescences (inflorescences)</emphasis>
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terminal or axillary in the in the uppermost nodes, not perforating the leaf-sheaths; main florescence a thyrse, composed of 1-many cincinni; basal bract reduced to leaf-like; peduncle bracts (sterile bracts) absent; cincinni bracts persistent; cincinni, sessile to pedunculate, contracted to elongate, bracteoles flat or tubular, persistent or caducous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual or male (the male ones with a reduced gynoecium), actinomorphic, zygomorphic or enantiostylous, chasmogamous, flat (not tubular); pedicels erect at anthesis and pre-anthesis, erect or deflexed at post-anthesis; sepals 3, equal, free, cucullate, membranous to chartaceous, dorsally not keeled, margins hyaline, accrescent and persistent in fruit; petals 3, sessile, equal to subequal, free, deliquescent, glabrous or with minute glandular hairs at base or medially bearded with moniliform hairs on the adaxial surface; stamens (2-)3, equal, antesepalous,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="38" start="start">filaments</pageBreakToken>
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bent ca. 30° either to the left or to the right, free, glabrous or with minute glandular hairs or medially bearded with moniliform hairs, anthers dorsifixed, rimose, connective narrow, anther sacs parallel, elongate; staminodes 3-(4), antepetalous (if 4 staminodes are present, than 1 antesepalous to the lower sepal), filaments free, glabrous, minutely glandular-puberulous basally or medially bearded with moniliform hairs, antherodes dorsifixed, 3-lobed, indehiscent, connective expanded, golden yellow or mauve to purple; ovary sessile, bent ca. 30° on the opposite direction as the stamens, smooth, glabrous or glandular-puberulous, 3-locular, locules equal, locule 1-2-(6)-ovulate, style erect or gently curved at the apex, stigma truncate to capitate, papillate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Capsules</emphasis>
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loculicidal, 3-valved, apiculate due to persistent style base, smooth, glabrous or glandular-puberulous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Seeds</emphasis>
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exarillate, farinose, uniseriate, 1-2-(6) per locule, reniform to broadly ellipsoid or cuboid to polygonal, slightly to strongly cleft towards the embryotega, ventrally flattened or not, testa costate to slightly rugose or shallowly scrobiculate to scrobiculate to foveolate, with ridges radiating from the embryotega, appendaged or not, hilum elliptic or linear, embryotega lateral to semilateral or semidorsal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
As with most aquatic plants, Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are seldom collected throughout their distribution range. Despite that, they seem to be locally common or uncommon, depending on the species. They all seem to be intimately related to permanent and seasonal water bodies of drier domains and vegetation, such as flooded grasslands in the Cerrado, Chaco and Pantanal domains, or the white sand formations in the Amazon basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="morphological relationships among the neotropical species and within the genus">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Morphological relationships among the Neotropical species and within the genus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the six (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Aneilema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.B.Clarke" authorityYear="1881" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Buforrestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Buforrestia" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Buforrestia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Commelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Commelina" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Commelina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Loureiro" authorityYear="1790" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Floscopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Floscopa" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Floscopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pollia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pollia" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Pollia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) out of 41 genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Commelinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in the Neotropics and Paleotropics. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Faden, RB" editor="Kubitzki, K" journalOrPublisher="4. Springer Verlag. Berlin" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="109 - 128" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3_12" refId="B22" refString="Faden, RB, 1998. Commelinaceae. In: Kubitzki, K, Ed., The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. 4. Springer Verlag. Berlin: 109 - 128, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3_12" title="Commelinaceae." url="10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3_12" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants, vol." year="1998">Faden 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although few in number, the Neotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit all the extremes in inflorescence morphology found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a whole. The terminal thyrse consisting of well-spaced whorls of cincinni, present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is elsewhere present only in the rare Central African
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brenan" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="De Wild." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia allardii" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allardii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia allardii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(De Wild.) Brenan, and in the Asian species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia divergens" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia juncoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia juncoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wight) R.S.Rao & Kammathy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="Calicut University, India" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" refId="B1" refString="Ancy, AA, 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India. Calicut University, India" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India" year="2014">Ancy 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Faden & Pellegrini pers. obs.). Glandular-pubescent sepals and pedicels, present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) M.Pell., comb. et stat. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia englesii" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englesii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia englesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are otherwise known only from the Asian species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Y. Hong" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Lour." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia medica" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="medica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia medica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lour.) D.Y.Hong (usually present) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kurz) Faden. Moniliform hairs on the upper surface of the petals, present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia schomburgkiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia schomburgkiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia semifoliata" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia semifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
., are recorded only in the Asian and African
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia simplex" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Vahl) Brenan. One-seeded capsule locules, which characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are known only in the Asian/Malaysian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia vaginata" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia vaginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
., and in the Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nampy & Ancy" authorityYear="2012" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia assamica" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia assamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nampy & A.Ancy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" pagination="001 - 022" refId="B2" refString="Ancy, AA, Nampy, S, 2014. Taxonomic significance of capsule and seed characters of Indian species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae). Phytotaxa 178 (1): 001 - 022" title="Taxonomic significance of capsule and seed characters of Indian species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)." volume="178" year="2014">Ancy and Nampy 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, characters present in one or more Neotropical species that are not recorded elsewhere in the genus, include: (1) inflorescences with whorls of 1-flowered cincinni (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) the presence of glandular hairs on the inflorescence axis, cincinnus peduncles and axes
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="39" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia englesii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englesii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia englesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (3) petals with minute glandular hairs at base on the adaxial surface (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (4) the presence of glandular hairs on the filaments, ovaries and capsules (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (5) long moniliform hairs on the petals and not confined to the petal bases (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia schomburgkiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia schomburgkiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia semifoliata" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia semifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and (6) appendages on the seeds (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="inflorescence architecture in murdannia">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Inflorescence architecture in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" pagination="349 - 370" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" refId="B9" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1966. The classification of Commelinaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 59: 349 - 370, DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" title="The classification of Commelinaceae." url="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" volume="59" year="1966">Brenan (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has shown a great diversity of inflorescence architecture in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with variations in the position of the main florescence, total number of cincinni, number of nodes with cincinni, number of cincinni per node, and degree of development of each cincinnus. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Panigo, E" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="294 - 299" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" refId="B36" refString="Panigo, E, Ramos, J, Lucero, L, Perreta, M, Vegetti, A, 2011. The inflorescence in Commelinaceae. Flora 206 (4): 294 - 299, DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" title="The inflorescence in Commelinaceae." url="10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" volume="206" year="2011">Panigo et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the basic inflorescence pattern for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Commelinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a many-branched, pedunculate and terminal thyrse, with verticillate cincinni, each cincinnus multi-flowered. Based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" pagination="349 - 370" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" refId="B9" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1966. The classification of Commelinaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 59: 349 - 370, DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" title="The classification of Commelinaceae." url="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" volume="59" year="1966">Brenan (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Panigo, E" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="294 - 299" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" refId="B36" refString="Panigo, E, Ramos, J, Lucero, L, Perreta, M, Vegetti, A, 2011. The inflorescence in Commelinaceae. Flora 206 (4): 294 - 299, DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" title="The inflorescence in Commelinaceae." url="10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" volume="206" year="2011">Panigo et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we could also infer that the plesiomorphic inflorescence architecture for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would correspond to the basic inflorescence pattern for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Commelinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" pagination="349 - 370" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" refId="B9" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1966. The classification of Commelinaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 59: 349 - 370, DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" title="The classification of Commelinaceae." url="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1966.tb00068.x" volume="59" year="1966">Brenan (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that most of the variation in inflorescence architecture could be derived from this basic type, as exemplified by the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia divergens" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by only three changes. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Panigo, E" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="294 - 299" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" refId="B36" refString="Panigo, E, Ramos, J, Lucero, L, Perreta, M, Vegetti, A, 2011. The inflorescence in Commelinaceae. Flora 206 (4): 294 - 299, DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" title="The inflorescence in Commelinaceae." url="10.1016/j.flora.2010.07.003" volume="206" year="2011">Panigo et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that additional changes would be necessary to express all the known variation in the inflorescence morphology for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as: (1) the production of coflorescences, in addition to the main florescence; (2) variation in the length of the peduncle and internodes of the main florescence; (3) variation in the number of cincinni per node; (4) variation in the arrangement of cincinni on each node of the main florescence; (5) variation in the length of the cincinnus peduncle; and (6) variation in the total flower number per cincinnus. These changes can occur separately or in different combinations. In the most extreme cases, the inflorescences are mainly axillary, each being fascicle-like, and composed of a few 1-flowered cincinni.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||
If we were to consider this stepwise change a possible evolutionary sequence within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then the South American species with the most plesiomorphic inflorescence type would be
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. By its reduced number of cincinni per node and change in their arrangement, the inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be morphologically derived from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shares the numerous verticillate cincinni of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but each cincinnus is reduced to a single flower.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has terminal or terminal and axillary inflorescences, that are reduced to single cincinni, but the cincinnus is 2-several-flowered. The most reduced inflorescences, and perhaps the ones that accumulated the greatest number of stepwise changes, can be observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia schomburgkiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia schomburgkiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia semifoliata" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia semifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which most inflorescences are fascicle-like, axillary in the distal leaves, and with all cincinni 1-flowered. Species with similarly reduced inflorescences are numerous in Asia [e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brenan" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Hassk." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia blumei" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia blumei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hassk.) Brenan,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia crocea" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crocea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia crocea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Griff.) Faden,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hand - Mazz" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Hassk." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia keisak" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keisak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia keisak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia lanuginosa" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanuginosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia lanuginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia pauciflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia pauciflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wight) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia triquetra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
., and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia versicolor" order="Commelinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Murdannia versicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dalzell) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.], and represented in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="start">Africa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brenan" authorityYear="1962" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia axillaris" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia axillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brenan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Faden, RB" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" refId="B25" refString="Faden, RB, 2012. Flora of East Tropical Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London" title="Flora of East Tropical Africa" year="2012">Faden 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="Calicut University, India" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" refId="B1" refString="Ancy, AA, 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India. Calicut University, India" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India" year="2014">Ancy 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, some of them show characters not present in any of the Neotropical species, such as annual habit, biseriate seeds and yellow to orange flowers. Thus, in the absence of a well sampled molecular phylogeny it would be impossible to state whether the Neotropical species represent one or several distinct lineages in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Key to the native and invasive species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Neotropics
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<table inLine="true" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Inflorescences composed of 2-several verticillate or alternate to subopposite cincinni, rarely composed of a solitary cincinnus, bracteoles persistent; flowers enantiostylous, sepals with glandular hairs or with a mixture of glandular and eglandular hairs, androecium glabrous or with minute glandular hairs; seeds with a ventri-lateral appendage</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Inflorescences composed of a solitary cincinnus or fascicle-like, bracteoles caducous; flowers non-enantiostylous, sepals glabrous, androecium medially bearded with moniliform hairs; seeds without a ventri-lateral appendage</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Bracteoles cup-shaped; pedicels erect at post-anthesis and in fruit; petals glabrous, filaments, ovaries and capsules glabrous; hilum in a deep depression</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Bracteoles flat; pedicels deflexed at post-anthesis and in fruit; petals with minute glandular hairs at base on the adaxial surface, filaments, ovaries and capsules with glandular hairs; hilum in a shallow depression</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Cincinni alternate, rarely subopposite, sinuate; plants generally delicate; stems prostrate, thin, densely branched at the base; leaves chartaceous, linear to linear-oblong; main axis of inflorescence with sparse eglandular and glandular hairs; cincinnus bracts with caudate apex; seeds densely farinose, the testa costate to slightly rugose</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) M.Pell.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Murdannia burchellii (C. B. Clarke) M. Pell. Lectotype of Aneilema gardneri var. burchellii (K barcode K 000363240). Photograph courtesy of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109949" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">1</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Cincinni verticillate, straight; plants generally robust; stems ascending to erect, succulent, little branched at base to unbranched; leaves succulent, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; main axis of inflorescence with dense glandular and sparse eglandular hairs; cincinnus bracts with acuminate apex; seeds farinose, the testa scrobiculate to foveolate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Murdannia gardneri (Seub.) G. Brueckn. A Inflorescence, showing the verticillate cincinni and open lilac flowers B detail of the inflorescence, showing the ascending and straight cincinni C flooded grassland in the state of Minas Gerais. Photographs A-B by W. Milliken, C by I. L. M. Resende." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109951" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Murdannia gardneri (Seub.) G. Brueckn. Isolectotype of Aneilema gardneri (P barcode P 02088022). Photograph courtesy of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109952" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Inflorescence reduced to a solitary cincinnus (but sometimes several clustered in a synflorescence near towards the shoot apex), peduncles with a mixture of eglandular (scabrid) and glandular to densely glandular hairs, cincinni 2-7-flowered; plants without a definite base; leaves distichously-alternate; flowers buds ovoid; capsules broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, locules 1-seeded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.Pell. & Faden
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Murdannia engelsii M. Pell. & Faden. A Sandy banks of rio Teles Pires, white arrow showing a subpopulation of Murdannia engelsii B detail of the stem, showing the conduplicate and falcate leaves, with amplexicaul bases C detail of the inflorescence, showing the deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis D side view of a male flower, showing the short and bent style. E front view of a bisexual flower, showing the long curved style F detail of a young fruit, showing the pedicel and sepals with glandular hairs, gently curved style and capitate stigma G-J seeds: G dorsal view of a seed, showing the scrobiculate and cleft testa, and the semilateral embryotega H ventral view of the same seed, showing the ventral furrows and tan appendage surrounding the hilum I dorsal view of another seed, showing the shallowly scrobiculate and slightly cleft testa, and the semidorsal embryotega J ventral view of the same seed, with the appendage removed, showing the linear hilum in a shallow depression. K, dorsal view of a seed, showing the smooth testa. Photographs A-F by M. E. Engels, G-J by R. F. Almeida." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109950" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Inflorescence a terminal thyrse composed of several whorls of 1-flowered cincinni, peduncles with glandular to densely glandular hairs, cincinni 1-flowered; plants with a definite base; leaves spirally-alternate; flower buds ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid; capsules oblongoid to broadly oblongoid, locules 2-seeded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke ex Chodat) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Murdannia paraguayensis (C. B. Clarke) G. Brueckn. A Detail of a flowering shoot, showing the succulent stem, succulent, canaliculate and falcate leaves, and an inflorescence with lilac flowers B Detail of the apex of a flowering shoot, showing a terminal inflorescence with white flowers, and pedicels deflexed post-anthesis C Inflorescence showing the 1 - flowered verticillate cincinni and open mauve flowers D Side view of a male flower, showing the sepals with glandular hairs E flooded grassland in Sidrolandia, Mato Grosso do Sul. Photograph A by I. L. M. Resende, B, E by S. N. Moreira and C-D by V. C. Souza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109954" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Leaves distichously-alternate; inflorescences long-pedunculate, exerted from the leaf-sheaths, cincinni 2-12-flowered, pendent; flowers zygomorphic, stamens 2, staminodes 4 (1 staminode antesepalous, sometimes lacking the antherode), antherodes white to cream; capsules ovoid to subglobose</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia nudiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia nudiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Brenan
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan. A Habit B detail of a stem, showing the apical and long-pedunculate inflorescence C front view of a bisexual flower. Photograph A, C by W. Vargas and B by M. E. Engels." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109953" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
Leaves spirally-alternate; inflorescences sessile, enclosed by the leaf-sheaths; cincinni 1-flowered, erect; flowers actinomorphic, stamens 3, staminodes 3, antherodes yellow (flowers uncertain in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">Murdannia aff. triquetra</taxonomicName>
|
||
); capsules oblongoid to ellipsoid
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">6</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Annuals without a definite base; roots thin; stems trailing, apex ascending, densely branched; petals glabrous; capsules with 3-seeded locules; seeds transversely ellipsoid</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">Murdannia aff. triquetra</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Murdannia aff. triquetrum (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brueckn., from Esteros de Arauca, Colombia. A Detail of a stem, showing an apical fruit B detail of an internode, showing a side view of a male flower. Photographs by M. Fernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109957" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Perennials with a definite base; roots tuberous; stems erect (only the short rhizome prostrate), unbranched; petals medially bearded with moniliform hairs on the adaxial surface; capsules with 6-seeded locules; seeds cuboid to polygonal</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">7</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Leaf-blades margins glabrous throughout, inflorescences-bearing leaves with expanded blades (2.2-13.6 cm long); anthers brown</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia schomburgkiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia schomburgkiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Murdannia schomburgkiana (Kunth) G. Brueckn. Isolectotype of Aneilema schomburgkianum (P barcode P 02088026). Photograph courtesy of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109955" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">7</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Leaf-blades margins ciliate at least at base, inflorescences-bearing leaves reduced to bladeless sheaths or with much reduced blades (0.2-1.8 cm long); anthers purple</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia semifoliata" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia semifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Murdannia semifoliata (C. B. Clarke) G. Brueckn. Lectotype of Aneilema semifoliatum (BM barcode BM 000938202). Photograph courtesy of The Natural History Museum of London." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109956" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">8</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984367" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109949" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) M.Pell. Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Aneilema gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(K barcode K000363240). Photograph courtesy of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984371" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109950" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.Pell. & Faden.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
Sandy banks of rio Teles Pires, white arrow showing a subpopulation of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the stem, showing the conduplicate and falcate leaves, with amplexicaul bases
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the inflorescence, showing the deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
|
||
side view of a male flower, showing the short and bent style.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
|
||
front view of a bisexual flower, showing the long curved style
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">F</emphasis>
|
||
detail of a young fruit, showing the pedicel and sepals with glandular hairs, gently curved style and capitate stigma
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">G-J</emphasis>
|
||
seeds:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of a seed, showing the scrobiculate and cleft testa, and the semilateral embryotega
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">H</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of the same seed, showing the ventral furrows and tan appendage surrounding the hilum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">I</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of another seed, showing the shallowly scrobiculate and slightly cleft testa, and the semidorsal embryotega
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">J</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of the same seed, with the appendage removed, showing the linear hilum in a shallow depression. K, dorsal view of a seed, showing the smooth testa. Photographs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A-F</emphasis>
|
||
by M.E. Engels,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">G-J</emphasis>
|
||
by R.F. Almeida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984373" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109951" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Seub.) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence, showing the verticillate cincinni and open lilac flowers
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the inflorescence, showing the ascending and straight cincinni
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
flooded grassland in the state of Minas Gerais. Photographs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
by W. Milliken,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
by I.L.M. Resende.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984375" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109952" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Seub.) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Isolectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Aneilema gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P barcode P02088022). Photograph courtesy of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
National
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle, Paris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984377" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109953" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia nudiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia nudiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Brenan.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of a stem, showing the apical and long-pedunculate inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
front view of a bisexual flower. Photograph
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
by W. Vargas and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
by M.E. Engels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984379" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109954" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of a flowering shoot, showing the succulent stem, succulent, canaliculate and falcate leaves, and an inflorescence with lilac flowers
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the apex of a flowering shoot, showing a terminal inflorescence with white flowers, and pedicels deflexed post-anthesis
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence showing the 1-flowered verticillate cincinni and open mauve flowers
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
|
||
Side view of a male flower, showing the sepals with glandular hairs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
|
||
flooded grassland in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sidrolândia">Sidrolandia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mato Grosso do Sul. Photograph
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
by I.L.M. Resende,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B, E</emphasis>
|
||
by S.N. Moreira and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C-D</emphasis>
|
||
by V.C. Souza.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984381" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109955" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia schomburgkiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia schomburgkiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Isolectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1843" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema schomburgkianum" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Aneilema schomburgkianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P barcode P02088026). Photograph courtesy of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
National
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle, Paris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984383" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109956" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia semifoliata" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia semifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema semifoliatum" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Aneilema semifoliatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BM barcode BM000938202). Photograph courtesy of The Natural History Museum of London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984385" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109957" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="triquetrum" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">triquetrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
|
||
., from Esteros de Arauca, Colombia.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of a stem, showing an apical fruit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of an internode, showing a side view of a male flower. Photographs by M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |