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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus pascuorum" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668168933079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>939</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>87</mods:start>
<mods:end>165</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName LSID="D339190D-D364-53C5-AB6E-2B13D177D4A1" authority="(Gyllenhal, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">Mecinus pascuorum (Gyllenhal, 1813)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
7 L3 larvae and 13 pupae, Serbia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Staničenje">Stanicenje</normalizedToken>
, 6.07.2017,
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12.915" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.21525">43°12.915'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="30.495" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.50825">22°30.495'E</geoCoordinate>
, 364 m., ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago lanceolata" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lgt. I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
. Accession numbers of sequenced specimens MN992009 (larva), MN992010 (pupa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2A-F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 1.60-1.96. Body width (metathorax): 1.00-1.20. Head width: 0.36-0.40.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1A-D</figureCitation>
) white, slender, curved. Chaetotaxy of thoracic segments relatively well developed, setae capilliform, different in length, light yellow, on thoracic segments elongated or medium, on abdominal segments very short. Prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1B</figureCitation>
) with eight
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
of almost equal length, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1B</figureCitation>
) with one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
, equal in length; one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, equal in length; one long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Pedal area with five long, equal in length
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1C, D</figureCitation>
) with one very short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, four short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
(arranged along the posterior margin), two minute
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, two short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
and two short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1D</figureCitation>
) with three medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, all located close to the posterior margin, one short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and two short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Each of anal lobes with two minute
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pascuorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- alar,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
- epipleural,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
- eusternal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
- laterosternal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
- pedal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
- postdorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
- pronotal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
- prodorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
- pleural,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
- spiracular,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
- sternal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
- terminal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2A-F</figureCitation>
) white, almost rounded.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1-3, 5</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
two times shorter than
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs1</emphasis>
as long as
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs4, 5</emphasis>
elongated, equal in length.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
medium,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
long; both
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
very short, and two very short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2A</figureCitation>
). Antennae (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2B</figureCitation>
) with conical, elongated sensorium (Se), four times as long as wide, and three sensilla basiconica. Clypeus (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2C</figureCitation>
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly concave;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
short;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
close to
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
. Labrum (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2C</figureCitation>
) narrow, trapezium-shaped, anterior margin distinctly sinuate;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
medium. Epipharynx (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2D</figureCitation>
) with three finger-like
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
of almost equal length; two finger-like
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
, different in length; two short finger-like
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
; surface smooth; labral rods very short, rounded. Mandibles (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2E</figureCitation>
) conical, rather wide, with divided apex (teeth of different lengths, curved); small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; with two medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
capilliform, equal in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2F</figureCitation>
) with one medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
and two medium
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
short; mala with six long rod-like
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
of almost equal size, five
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
different in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere distinctly wider and longer than distal. Prelabium (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2F</figureCitation>
) cup-like with one long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with two short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
of different length; premental sclerite weakly developed, cup-like. Postlabium (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2F</figureCitation>
) with short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
, long
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
, and short
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pascuorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, head and mouth parts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
- antenna,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
- clypeal sensorium,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
- anterolateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
- anteromedial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
- clypeal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
- dorsal malar,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
- frontal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
- ligular,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
- labral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral epicranial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
- malar basiventral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
- mandibular,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
- median,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
- maxillary palp,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
- postepicranial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
- ventral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
- palpiferal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
- postlabial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
- prelabial,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
- stipal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
- ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mecinus pascuorum pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">3A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.32-0.40. Body width: 0.90-1.20. Body length: 1.52-2.10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
moderately stout, slightly curved, white. Rostrum moderately slender, medium long, about 2.5 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Antennae rather short. Pronotum 1.7 times as wide as long, with two, conical, protuberances apically (p-pr). Urogomorpi (ur) short, conical, with sclerotised apex (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mecinus pascuorum pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">3A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
well visible, all setae (except those on rostrum and ventral part of abdomen) almost equal in length, medium. Head with one
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
. Rostrum with one minute
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mecinus pascuorum pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">3A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
placed beside protuberances, two
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
and three
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae placed laterally. Abdominal segments I-VIII with three setae situated posteriorly, two elongated setae laterally and three short setae ventrally (median setae distinctly bigger than others). Abdominal segment IX with two micro-setae ventrally.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pascuorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- apical,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- discal,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
- femoral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
- orbital,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
- posterolateral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
- rostral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
This species lives on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago lanceolata" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. In spring, the female lays one egg per developing pyxidium, and each larva consumes the contents of a pyxidium, usually two seeds, without causing externally visible modification. Pupation takes place within the same pyxidium. Adults emerge from the beginning of summer until September. They overwinter in the soil (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoffmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B23" refString="Hoffmann, A, 1958. Faune de France 62 Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie). Le Chevalier, Paris, 1209-1839." title="Faune de France 62 Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie). Le Chevalier, Paris, 1209 - 1839." year="1958">Hoffmann 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Scherf, H" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos Entomoloxicos" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B36" refString="Scherf, H, 1964. Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Oekologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 506, 335 pp." title="Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Oekologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 506, 335 pp." year="1964">Scherf 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dickason, EA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists' Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="11 - 15" refId="B14" refString="Dickason, EA, 1968. Observations on the biology of Gymnaetron pascuorum (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists' Bulletin 22: 11 - 15" title="Observations on the biology of Gymnaetron pascuorum (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="22" year="1968">Dickason 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.50914" author="Nieminen, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="30 - 52" refId="B32" refString="Nieminen, M, Vikberg, V, 2015. The insect community of Plantago lanceolata spikes in the Aland Islands, SW Finland. Entomologica Fennica 26: 30 - 52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.50914" title="The insect community of Plantago lanceolata spikes in the Aland Islands, SW Finland." url="https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.50914" volume="26" year="2015">Nieminen and Vikberg 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
This species is one of the most common species in the genus, with a very large range of distribution: Europe, the Caucasian states, the Middle East, central Asia, and Algeria (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B8" refString="Caldara, R, Fogato, V, 2013. Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species. Zootaxa 3654: 1 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" title="Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" volume="3654" year="2013">Caldara and Fogato 2013</bibRefCitation>
). It has been imported to North America, Australia and New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 382" refId="B33" refString="O'Brien, CW, Wibmer, GJ, 1982. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 34: 1 - 382" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)." volume="34" year="1982">
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
and Wibmer 1982
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98081.x" author="Debinski, DM" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="342 - 355" refId="B11" refString="Debinski, DM, Holt, RD, 2000. A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conservation Biology 14: 342 - 355, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98081.x" title="A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98081.x" volume="14" year="2000">Debinski and Holt 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and recently collected in South Africa (
<bibRefCitation author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="129 - 167" refId="B7" refString="Caldara, R, Colonnelli, E, Osella, G, 2009. On recently collected South African Tychiini and Mecinini, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Fragmenta Entomologica 41: 129 - 167" title="On recently collected South African Tychiini and Mecinini, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)." volume="41" year="2009">Caldara et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Morphologically, this species is more closely related to other species of the group, i.e.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. latiusculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="latiusculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. latiusculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jacquelin du Val, 1855) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. ictericus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ictericus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. ictericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. labilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="labilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. labilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied herein, and this seems also to be corroborated by the preliminary molecular data (I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
, unpublished data). However, the relationships among the immatures of these species are closer than their relationships with all the other species currently known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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