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<document id="8DEA3F4ED666EF5C16C6EF0AE9670E7C" ID-CLB-Dataset="31177" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a141fa76-cc88-4901-944a-306171e41413" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1114473" ID-ZooBank="86DE1B94-63AE-4ABF-B28A-0ECEA22D2F10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513152258038" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mcfadden, Catherine S. &amp; Van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2017" docId="038A07766C152865FF245FA2FC354864" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4363.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4363 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tenerodus verseveldti Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen 2017, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="482" masterDocId="FFB37F0E6C0A287AFFB35C76FF964E2E" masterDocTitle="Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="482" updateTime="1698509335316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2BB70836665B522FDED341083195101F">Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85CE293C5804890B413DF17EA867D6D3">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="958269837E9EA81777735E01F782467D">Van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2AE7ECA800C9C702CB60C8E87C6B95B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038A07766C152865FF245FA2FC354864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5613966" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137679937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5613966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C152865FF245FA2FC354864" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A07766C152865FF245FA2FC354864" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C152865FF245FA2FD564DC0" box="[151,704,980,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C152865FF245FA2FD564DC0" blockId="31.[151,704,980,1006]" box="[151,704,980,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<heading id="D0D4010C6C152865FF245FA2FD564DC0" bold="true" box="[151,704,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FF245FA2FD564DC0" bold="true" box="[151,704,980,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FF245FA2FDDE4DC0" authority="(Bayer, 1995)" authorityName="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Bayer" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[151,584,980,1006]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paralcyoniidae" genus="Tenerodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FF245FA2FE0C4DC0" bold="true" box="[151,410,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Tenerodus verseveldti</emphasis>
(Bayer, 1995)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C152865FDE55FA2FD564DC0" box="[598,704,980,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C152865FF24586CFD154A1E" box="[151,643,1050,1072]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C152865FF24586CFD154A1E" blockId="31.[151,643,1050,1072]" box="[151,643,1050,1072]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FF24586CFDDA4A1E" authority="Bayer, 1995: 308" authorityName="Bayer" authorityPageNumber="308" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,588,1050,1072]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Protodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FF24586CFE014A1E" box="[151,407,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Protodendron verseveldti</emphasis>
Bayer, 1995: 308
</taxonomicName>
311.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C152865FF24582BFD3A4AB4" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C152865FF24582BFD3A4AB4" blockId="31.[151,1437,1117,1610]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<materialsCitation id="3B4BBC3D6C152865FF24582BFD3F4AB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1705513521" collectingDate="1964-09-09" collectionCode="IIOE" collectorName="V Anton Bruun" country="South Africa" county="Durban" elevation="77" latitude="-29.433332" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1227" longitude="31.766666" municipality="Natal" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" specimenCode="USNM 93230" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FF24582BFE704A58" bold="true" box="[151,486,1117,1142]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<location id="8EFCE0BB6C152865FF24582BFF694A58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C152865FF245FA2FC354864:8EFCE0BB6C152865FF24582BFF694A58" box="[151,255,1117,1142]" country="South Africa" county="Durban" latitude="-29.433332" longLatPrecision="1227" longitude="31.766666" municipality="Natal" name="Material" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Material</location>
examined.
<typeStatus id="549808C26C152865FE35582BFE704A58" box="[390,486,1117,1142]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCode id="DB851E1B6C152865FE475828FD034A58" box="[500,661,1118,1142]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">USNM 93230</specimenCode>
.
<collectingCountry id="F334F6F06C152865FD2D582BFCA64A58" box="[670,816,1117,1142]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF82C1A6C152865FC88582BFCEC4A58" box="[827,890,1117,1142]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Natal</collectingMunicipality>
, off
<collectingCounty id="62FDCEEC6C152865FC18582BFB944A58" box="[939,1026,1117,1142]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Durban</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE17D0A76C152865FBBF582BFBF34A58" box="[1036,1125,1117,1142]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" precision="925" value="-29.433332">29º26'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE17D0A76C152865FBDC582BFB5E4A58" box="[1135,1224,1117,1142]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" precision="925" value="31.766666">31º46'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<elevation id="000E51536C152865FAAB5828FAC44A5B" box="[1304,1362,1118,1141]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" unit="m" value="77.0">
<quantity id="4CDB1B856C152865FAAB5828FAC44A5B" box="[1304,1362,1118,1141]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" unit="m" value="77.0">77 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectionCode id="ED322EA56C152865FAEE5828FA0E4A58" box="[1373,1432,1118,1142]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">IIOE</collectionCode>
, R/
<collectorName id="26D6D3B66C152865FF0158F4FEF64AB7" box="[178,352,1154,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">V Anton Bruun</collectorName>
sta. 391F,
<collectingDate id="EFD969486C152865FE6A58F4FD3F4AB4" box="[473,681,1153,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" value="1964-09-09">
<date id="FF9D90A06C152865FE6A58F4FD3F4AB4" box="[473,681,1153,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" value="1964-09-09">9 September 1964</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C152865FF7458D3FC354864" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C152865FF7458D3FC354864" blockId="31.[151,1437,1117,1610]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FF7458D3FEA24A90" bold="true" box="[199,308,1189,1214]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Remarks</emphasis>
. Bayer (1995) described
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FDFC58D3FCFC4A90" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1995" box="[591,874,1189,1214]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Protodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FDFC58D3FCFC4A90" box="[591,874,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Protodendron verseveldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from material collected in deep water off Durban. It is unclear why he assigned this species to
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FD3F58BFFCB14ACC" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Dean" authorityYear="1931" box="[652,807,1225,1250]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Protodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FD3F58BFFCB14ACC" box="[652,807,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Protodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it differs considerably from the other species in that genus. Both
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FE905898FD304B28" authority="(Thomson &amp; Henderson)" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Henderson" baseAuthorityName="Thomson &amp; Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[291,678,1261,1286]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Protodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FE905898FE1E4B2B" box="[291,392,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">P. repens</emphasis>
(Thomson &amp; Henderson)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FD6F589BFBA84B28" authority="(Bayer)" authorityName="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Bayer" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[732,1086,1261,1286]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Corymbophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bruuni" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FD6F589BFC744B28" box="[732,994,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Corymbophyton bruuni</emphasis>
(Bayer)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C152865FBF75898FB334B28" box="[1092,1189,1261,1286]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have a colony growth form that consists of clusters of long polyps that are fused to one another only proximally, and are connected to other clusters by a stolon-like membrane. Their sclerites are long, thin spindles, which in
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FB2B5940FA904B60" authorityName="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Bayer" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1176,1286,1333,1358]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Corymbophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bruuni" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FB2B5940FA904B60" box="[1176,1286,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">C. bruuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C152865FABD5940FAE44B60" box="[1294,1394,1333,1358]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are modified into clubs with a sharply bent head. Although colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FC26592CFBBC4B5C" authorityName="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Bayer" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[917,1066,1369,1394]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Protodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FC26592CFBBC4B5C" box="[917,1066,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. verseveldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C152865FB81592CFB034B5C" box="[1074,1173,1369,1394]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also consist of clusters of polyps that arise from a membrane, the polyps are fused within the coenenchymal mass, similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FA345908FF414B94" authorityName="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Luttschwager" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fallax" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FA345908FF414B94" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C152865FF6C59D4FED54B94" box="[223,323,1441,1466]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The anthocodial sclerites are spindles and clubs that are arranged in eight longitudinal tracts that converge at the bases of the tentacles. Sclerites of the colony surface include spindles, clubs, radiates and some irregular forms, with mostly radiates in the interior coenenchyme. Taken together, these characters suggest that this species belongs not to
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FE215A7BFDBB4808" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Dean" authorityYear="1931" box="[402,557,1549,1574]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Protodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FE215A7BFDBB4808" box="[402,557,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Protodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but to
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C152865FD325A7BFD624808" authority="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen, 2017" authorityName="Mcfadden &amp; Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[641,756,1549,1574]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paralcyoniidae" genus="Tenerodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FD325A7BFD624808" box="[641,756,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Tenerodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C152865FD495A7BFCDE4808" box="[762,840,1549,1574]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9576A726C152865FD495A7BFCDE4808" bold="true" box="[762,840,1549,1574]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Attempts to sequence USNM 93230 failed, however, so this taxonomic placement remains unconfirmed by molecular data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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