treatments-xml/data/03/F5/58/03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13.xml

<document id="0B4A7C2B974847E1924BE26B97C2C979" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5501.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745355" ID-ZooBank="29E9284E-6F5C-46E5-BA25-B54F820BE0C0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726051011170" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vannachak, Viengkhone, Malzacher, Peter &amp; Sangpradub, Narumon" docDate="2024" docId="03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5501.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5501 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5501.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clypeocaenis laosensis Vannachak, Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="510" masterDocId="FFCC206FFFADFFCFFFFAFF9DFFB1FFE2" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the genus Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Lao People’s Democratic Republic with a key to Oriental species" masterLastPageNumber="523" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="503" updateTime="1726051469022" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="025F46E8B3A4F3D9095DD4DA88477BEC">Contribution to the genus Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Lao People’s Democratic Republic with a key to Oriental species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1720BF65DBB63E931D736A547F6264DC">Vannachak, Viengkhone</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B8817C57209DDC243EF7253E9B344C42">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBB6458FF0044EB14C3D8988EB57E94D">Malzacher, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8D2FD3C7E3753D9B3ADA401211A23B63">Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 63, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="380FFC0E76CFAAA9B44B718EBC6A77AB">Sangpradub, Narumon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B9A0281C313676BABFBA4956C1090954">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B7A07968FC8A6BE6E0B5350B23FC6C47">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
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<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAFFFCDFF6DFF0AFB35FF53" blockId="2.[151,1156,151,178]" box="[151,1156,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<heading id="D0AB5E6DFFAFFFCDFF6DFF0AFB35FF53" bold="true" box="[151,1156,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF6DFF0AFB35FF53" bold="true" box="[151,1156,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFAFFFCDFF6DFF0AFC24FF53" authority="Vannachak, Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityName="Vannachak, Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,917,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF6DFF0AFE1AFF50" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
Vannachak, Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFAFFFCDFC66FF0AFC4BFF53" box="[924,1018,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFBF3FF0AFBCBFF53" box="[1033,1146,151,177]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,2008,2032]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox-0="[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetBox-4="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId-0="figure-232@3.[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId-3="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId-4="figure-18@7.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., habitus. A. Female larva. B. Male larva. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Clpeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Gills III, IV. B. Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. C. Epithema. D. Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745357" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13745357/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346BA8AFFAFFFCCFF6DFF46FE2BFDBE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAFFFCDFF6DFF46FDDFFEDF" blockId="2.[151,1437,219,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF6DFF46FE32FF17" bold="true" box="[151,387,219,246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF6DFF46FECDFF14" bold="true" box="[151,380,219,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Materials examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B34E35CFFAFFFCDFE73FF46FDDFFEDF" collectingDate="2022-01-06" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Vannachak &amp; Natural History Museum" country="Thailand" county="Xe Nou River" elevation="154" latitude="17.068213" location="Male" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.070465" municipality="Xebangfai District" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFE73FF46FE47FF17" bold="true" box="[393,502,219,245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<typeStatus id="54E757A3FFAFFFCDFE73FF46FE47FF17" box="[393,502,219,245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(in ethanol): 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFD70FF46FD75FF17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFD70FF46FD75FF17" box="[650,708,219,245]" country="Thailand" county="Xe Nou River" latitude="17.068213" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.070465" municipality="Xebangfai District" name="Male" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Male</location>
larva (THNHM-I-00029764), 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFBE0FF41FBF7FF14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFBE0FF41FBF7FF14" box="[1050,1094,220,246]" country="Thailand" county="Xe Nou River" latitude="17.068213" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.070465" municipality="Xebangfai District" name="Lao" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Lao</location>
PDR, 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFB75FF46FA29FF17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFB75FF46FA29FF17" box="[1167,1432,219,245]" country="Thailand" county="Xe Nou River" latitude="17.068213" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.070465" municipality="Xebangfai District" name="Khammouane Province" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Khammouane Province</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87737BFFAFFFCDFF6DFF62FED8FEFB" box="[151,361,255,281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Xebangfai District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="6282918DFFAFFFCDFE88FE9DFDBFFEFB" box="[370,526,255,282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Xe Nou River</collectingCounty>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE688FC6FFAFFFCDFDE2FF62FD1AFEF8" box="[536,683,255,282]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" precision="1" seconds="5.56" value="17.068213">17°4’5.56”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE688FC6FFAFFFCDFD4FFF62FCD4FEF8" box="[693,869,255,282]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" precision="1" seconds="13.68" value="105.070465">105°4’13.68’’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="00710E32FFAFFFCDFC95FF62FC41FEFB" box="[879,1008,255,282]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="154.0">
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFC95FF62FC04FEF8" box="[879,949,255,282]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="154.0">154 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFE2CFC1FFAFFFCDFC01FF62FBEAFEFB" box="[1019,1115,255,281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" value="2022-01-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA63629FFAFFFCDFC01FF62FBEAFEFB" box="[1019,1115,255,281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" value="2022-01-06">6.I.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFB9FFE9DFBC8FEF8" box="[1125,1145,256,282]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26A98CD7FFAFFFCDFB7BFF62FB4DFEFB" box="[1153,1276,255,281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Vannachak</collectorName>
leg, deposited in the 
<collectorName id="26A98CD7FFAFFFCDFF27FEBEFE49FEDC" box="[221,504,291,318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34BA991FFAFFFCDFDF9FEBEFDDBFEDF" box="[515,618,291,317]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAFFFCDFF3DFEDAFDAEFE4B" blockId="2.[151,1437,219,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<materialsCitation id="3B34E35CFFAFFFCDFF3DFEDAFDAAFE4B" collectingDate="2022-01-06" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Vannachak &amp; Natural History Museum" country="Thailand" county="Xe Nou River" elevation="154" latitude="17.068213" location="Natural History Museum" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.070465" municipality="Cl" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="13" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF3DFEDAFE8EFE83" bold="true" box="[199,319,327,353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<typeStatus id="54E757A3FFAFFFCDFF3DFEDAFE8EFE83" box="[199,319,327,353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(in ethanol): 
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFE23FEDAFD95FE83" box="[473,548,327,353]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFDA6FEDAFD0FFE83" box="[604,702,327,353]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
larvae (THNHM-I-00029765–00029769) same data as holotype, deposited in the 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFEA6FEF6FDCEFE64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFEA6FEF6FDCEFE64" box="[348,639,363,390]" country="Thailand" municipality="Cl" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Natural History Museum</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34BA991FFAFFFCDFD74FEF6FD44FE67" box="[654,757,363,389]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. 
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFCF9FEF6FCD1FE67" box="[771,864,363,389]" count="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="male">10 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFC65FEF6FBB5FE67" box="[927,1028,363,389]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
larvae (
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87737BFFAFFFCDFB9DFEF6FB33FE67" box="[1127,1154,363,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Cl</collectingMunicipality>
/ 
<collectingCountry id="F34BA991FFAFFFCDFB71FEF6FB75FE67" box="[1163,1220,363,389]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Laos</collectingCountry>
.002) same data as 
<typeStatus id="54E757A3FFAFFFCDFF6DFE12FF4DFE4B" box="[151,252,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, deposited in NUoL-AIC
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAFFFCDFF3DFE2EFB35FDDB" blockId="2.[151,1437,219,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF3DFE2EFE32FE2F" bold="true" box="[199,387,435,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Other materials</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B34E35CFFAFFFCDFE6AFE2EFB4EFE13" collectingDate="2019-11-23" country="Laos" county="Cl" elevation="140" latitude="16.865131" location="Xaybury District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.90105" municipality="Lao" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Savannakhet">
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFE6AFE2EFE68FE2F" box="[400,473,435,461]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFDF7FE2EFDDDFE2F" box="[525,620,435,461]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
larvae (
<collectingCounty id="6282918DFFAFFFCDFD39FE2EFD6EFE2F" box="[707,735,435,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Cl</collectingCounty>
/ 
<collectingCountry id="F34BA991FFAFFFCDFD12FE2EFC93FE2F" box="[744,802,435,461]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Laos</collectingCountry>
.003), 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87737BFFAFFFCDFC99FE29FC3EFE2C" box="[867,911,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Lao</collectingMunicipality>
PDR, 
<collectingRegion id="499827E3FFAFFFCDFC2CFE2EFB61FE2F" box="[982,1232,435,461]" country="Laos" name="Savannakhet" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Savannakhet Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFB20FE2EFA29FE2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFB20FE2EFA29FE2F" box="[1242,1432,435,461]" country="Laos" county="Cl" latitude="16.865131" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.90105" municipality="Lao" name="Xaybury District" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Savannakhet">Xaybury District</location>
, 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFF6DFE4AFEE2FE13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFF6DFE4AFEE2FE13" box="[151,339,471,498]" country="Laos" county="Cl" latitude="16.865131" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.90105" municipality="Lao" name="Tha Hao Stream" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Savannakhet">Tha Hao Stream</location>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE688FC6FFAFFFCDFDE1FE4AFD77FE10" box="[539,710,471,498]" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" precision="1" seconds="3.77" value="104.90105">104°54’3.77”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="00710E32FFAFFFCDFD29FE4AFCE9FE13" box="[723,856,471,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="140.0">
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFD29FE4AFCABFE10" box="[723,794,471,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFE2CFC1FFAFFFCDFC9FFE4AFC59FE13" box="[869,1000,471,497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" value="2019-11-23">
<collectingDate id="EFA63629FFAFFFCDFC9FFE4AFC59FE13" box="[869,1000,471,497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" value="2019-11-23">23.XI.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, deposited in KKU-AIC
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B34E35CFFAFFFCDFAF0FE4AFB35FDDB" collectingDate="2019-11-24" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Vannachak" country="Laos" county="Cl" elevation="126" latitude="16.097618" location="Xe Bang Hieng River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.37587" municipality="Songkhone District" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Savannakhet">
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFAF0FE4AFADDFE13" box="[1290,1388,471,497]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D5A2288FFAFFFCDFF6DFE66FF55FDF7" box="[151,228,507,533]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
larvae (
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/ 
<collectingCountry id="F34BA991FFAFFFCDFE92FE66FE13FDF7" box="[360,418,507,533]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Laos</collectingCountry>
.004), 
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, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87737BFFAFFFCDFD0EFE66FC62FDF7" box="[756,979,507,533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Songkhone District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFC1AFE61FB6DFDF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55817FFAFFFC6FF6DFF0AFD53FD13:8E83BFDAFFAFFFCDFC1AFE61FB6DFDF7" box="[992,1244,507,534]" country="Laos" county="Cl" latitude="16.097618" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="105.37587" municipality="Songkhone District" name="Xe Bang Hieng River" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" stateProvince="Savannakhet">Xe Bang Hieng River</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE688FC6FFAFFFCDFB13FE66FA26FDF4" box="[1257,1431,507,534]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" precision="1" seconds="51.42" value="16.097618">16°05’51.42”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE688FC6FFAFFFCDFF6DFD82FEE0FDD8" box="[151,337,543,570]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" precision="1" seconds="33.13" value="105.37587">105°22’33.13”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="00710E32FFAFFFCDFEA6FD82FE51FDDB" box="[348,480,543,570]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="126.0">
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFEA6FD82FE12FDD8" box="[348,419,543,570]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFE2CFC1FFAFFFCDFE16FD82FDDFFDDB" box="[492,622,543,569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" value="2019-11-24">
<collectingDate id="EFA63629FFAFFFCDFE16FD82FDDFFDDB" box="[492,622,543,569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" value="2019-11-24">24.XI.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, deposited in NUoL-AIC, all 
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. 
<collectorName id="26A98CD7FFAFFFCDFC22FD82FBE2FDDB" box="[984,1107,543,569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Vannachak</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAFFFCCFF3DFDDEFB4CFE2F" blockId="2.[151,1437,219,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,605]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFF3DFDDEFE39FDBF" bold="true" box="[199,392,579,605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Mature Nymph.</emphasis>
Body length (excl. cerci): 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFD49FDDFFC8BFDBF" box="[691,826,578,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
(males) and 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFC31FDDEFBE3FDBF" box="[971,1106,579,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.7 mm</quantity>
(females); cerci 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFAF4FDDFFA29FDBF" box="[1294,1432,578,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
; antennae 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFEF9FDFBFE3EFD63" box="[259,399,614,641]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
. General coloration light yellow to pale yellow. Epidermal pigmentation: vertex in females with a transverse dark brown band between the lateral ocelli. Pronotum with a distinctive pattern as in 
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFAAAFD14FA27FD46" box="[1360,1430,649,676]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox="[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetId="figure-232@3.[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., habitus. A. Female larva. B. Male larva. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
. Females with a dark brown, butterfly-like pattern between the wing pads. Abdominal terga I, 
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, and 
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–IX in both sexes with broad transverse dark brown bands, contrasting to the light foundational coloration (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFB3EFD4DFA8FFD09" box="[1220,1342,720,747]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox="[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetId="figure-232@3.[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., habitus. A. Female larva. B. Male larva. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFAA9FD4CFA2DFD09" bold="true" box="[1363,1436,721,747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Head:</emphasis>
Head length 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFED9FD69FECBFCEC" box="[291,378,756,783]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFE30FD69FD91FCEC" box="[458,544,756,782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
, light yellow color. Compound eyes black; ocelli with the apical half black, basal half whitish. Antennae transparent; pedicel with 2–3 short setae distally on inner margin, 3 shorter setae on ventral surface. Pedicel’s length three times of scape, one and a half times of antennal segment III. Clypeus protruded, with 2 moderately long setae, longer than pedicel (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFD1FFCC3FCF3FC9A" box="[741,834,862,888]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Labrum three times wider than long, with anterior margin and semicircular curved lateral margin’s apical half bearing bipinnate setae. The dorsum presents long, fine frayed setae and long, thin setae, with a few long, thin setae scattered near basal half (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFB8DFC38FB60FC5D" box="[1143,1233,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Outer incisor of mandibles with five denticles, situated below molar with 4–5 long, thin setae. The dorso-lateral surface with two curved transverse rows of long setae; 8–12 setae on basal row and 5 setae on topical row (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFB60FC71FB42FBE4" box="[1178,1267,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Maxillae and labium with setation patterns (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFE09FB8DFDDFFBC8" box="[499,622,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 2D, F</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palp segment I narrow, about half as wide as galea-lacinia. Base of labial palp segment III not significantly broad. Hypopharynx’s superlingua with stout setae and lingua’s apical margin with thin setae at the apical margin (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFD37FBCBFC95FB93" box="[717,804,1110,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Three segmented labial palps; segment III more or less sickle-shaped, with bluntly pointed tip, as long as segments I and 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFC82FBE6FC3AFB77" box="[888,907,1147,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">II</collectionCode>
together, segment III 4.2–4.5 times of segment 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFF6DFB03FF1CFB5A" box="[151,173,1182,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">II</collectionCode>
. (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFF45FB00FEA2FB5A" box="[191,275,1181,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFEDCFB03FE39FB5A" bold="true" box="[294,392,1182,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pronotum slightly convex sides with anterior protrusion (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFBFDFB00FBC6FB5A" box="[1031,1143,1181,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox="[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetId="figure-232@3.[261,1327,626,1982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., habitus. A. Female larva. B. Male larva. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig.1A, B</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum light yellow coloration. Legs: light yellow to whitish, cover with knobs, interspersed with very delicate microtrichia, each with a few needle-shaped branches (pine-needle like, 
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFD39FB79FCAAFB1D" box="[707,795,1252,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Foreleg: length of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 0.52/ 0.42/ 0.41/ 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFEE2FA95FE31FAC0" box="[280,384,1288,1314]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
. Coxal processes sickle-shaped with a denticulated surface featuring thin setae and a serrated margin. Trochanter with one regular and another irregular row of short setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFBDFFAB6FB30FAA7" box="[1061,1153,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Femur with three long filtering setae at the middle of the inner margin, short setae on the outer margin’s proximal half, and approximately ten large, broadly spatulate bristles arranged in a transverse row on the distal half’s dorsal surface. Area apical to transverse row with denticulated and scattered with long, pine-needle-like setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFBD3FA0BFB1EFA52" box="[1065,1199,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Figs. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal side of tibia with two transverse rows of very long filtering setae, extending longitudinally on the ventral side. Tarsus with a row of long filtering setae, inner margin with eight stout setae, outer margin with scattered, thin, hair-like setae. Claw long, slender, apically bent, with 3–5 denticles, smallest basal (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFC8EF99DFC60F9F8" box="[884,977,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Midleg: length of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 0.47/ 0.29/ 0.33/ 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFE2BF9BEFD88F9DC" box="[465,569,1571,1598]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
. Coxa and trochanter similar to foreleg. Femur with rows of spatulate setae, strongly narrowed at base on outer margins, microscopic setae on inner margin, proximal half of dorsal surface with scattered, short spatulate setae. Inner margin of tibia with a row of 8–12 stout setae and submarginal row of spatulate setae, outer margins with a few hair-like setae. Inner margin of tarsus with of seven stout setae, outer margin with scattered hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFE57F92CFDB5F92E" box="[429,516,1713,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Claw long, slightly bent apically, with 4 denticles increasing in size distally (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFA95F92CFF09F90D" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Hindleg: lengths of femur/ tibia/ tarsus/ claw viz., 0.50/ 0.30/ 0.28/ 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFAFFFCDFC36F948FB82F90D" box="[972,1075,1749,1775]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="503" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
. Coxa similar to foreleg. Femur outer margin with a row of spatulate setae, inner margin’s proximal half with short spatulate setae. Tibia with a row of 13–15 stout setae on inner margin, outer and submarginal inner margins with spatulate setae. Tarsus with a row of 8–10 stout setae on inner margin, outer margins with a few hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFC1FF8A2FB8EF8BB" box="[997,1087,1855,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Claw, similar to midleg, with 4–5 denticles, basal denticle minuscule (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFDA1F8FEFD04F89F" box="[603,693,1891,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAFFFCDFD32F8FEFCF7F89F" bold="true" box="[712,838,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Terga I, 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFC53F8FEFC0FF89F" box="[937,958,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">II</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFC02F8FEFBAEF89F" box="[1016,1055,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">VII</collectionCode>
–IX with marked broad transverse dark brown bands. Posterolateral processes short, slight elongated segment 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFC1AF81AFC42F843" box="[992,1011,1927,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">II</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFBF8F81BFBEDF842" box="[1026,1116,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Tergum 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFB31F81AFB6FF843" box="[1227,1246,1927,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">II</collectionCode>
with a triangular posteromedian process, pronounced denticulation at posterior margin, surface with scales (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFB6CF837FB41F826" box="[1174,1264,1962,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Terga 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFAB0F837FAC0F826" box="[1354,1393,1962,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">VII</collectionCode>
–IX with strongly denticulate posterior margin, very small spatulate setae on tergum 
<collectionCode id="ED4D71C4FFAFFFCDFBE0F853FBF0F80A" box="[1050,1089,1998,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">VII</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAFFFCDFBAAF850FB1AF805" box="[1104,1195,1997,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="503">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Sternum IX slightly concave hind margin (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFE68FF0AFE5BFF53" box="[402,490,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), shagreen field on dorsal surface with 4 irregular rows of small denticles parallel to the hind margin. Gill I short, two segments, length one-third of gill cover. Operculate gill quadrate, with the dorsal side covered with knobs and scattered long, leaf-like, pine-needle-shaped microtrichia as described in the section on the thorax (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFEC2FE9CFE21FEF9" box="[312,400,257,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). A strongly developed medial ridge forms an elevated keel, basally with 8–10 stout spatulate setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFF18FEB9FE8AFEDD" box="[226,315,292,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). The outer ridge narrow and inconspicuous, featuring a row of very small denticles. The lateral margin adorned with short setae, the inner margin with moderate-length thin bipinnate setae, and the posterior margin with very short, broadly spatulate setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFD46FEF6FC8AFE64" box="[700,827,363,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 4D, G</figureCitation>
). The microtrichia band on the ventral side of the gill cover absent (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFECBFE12FE25FE4B" box="[305,404,399,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Figs. 4G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFE64FE12FE7FFE4B" box="[414,462,399,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Microtrichia bands on the ventral side of the operculate gill, as previously documented. A. Clypeocaenis soldani. B. Clypeocaenis multisetosa. C. Clypeocaenis oligosetosa. D. Clypeocaenis kaveri. E. Clypeocaenis afrosetosa. F. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov. G. Mekongellina sangpradubae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745395/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">12F</figureCitation>
). Gill III possesses a single filament with three branches and 30–35 filaments, each with simple or bifurcated branches (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFE09FE2FFDFCFE2F" box="[499,589,434,461]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clpeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Gills III, IV. B. Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. C. Epithema. D. Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). The cerci translucent with whorls of setae on each segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAEFFCCFF3DFE4BFAAAFDDA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFF3DFE4BFF4EFE12" bold="true" box="[199,255,470,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Egg:</emphasis>
Oval shape (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFE6BFE4BFE59FE13" box="[401,488,470,497]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clpeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Gills III, IV. B. Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. C. Epithema. D. Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), length 121–133 μm, 92–100 μm width. Chorion smooth with a single epithema that forms a cap consisting of fine threads, terminating in numerous very small knobs (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFBF0FE67FBD1FDF7" box="[1034,1120,506,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clpeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Gills III, IV. B. Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. C. Epithema. D. Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig.5C</figureCitation>
). Positioned subequatorially, micropyle moderate length, mouth not broadened and encircled by a circular sperm-guide (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFAEFFCCFB69FD83FABFFDDA" box="[1171,1294,542,569]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clpeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Gills III, IV. B. Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. C. Epithema. D. Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAEFFCCFF3DFDDEFE2BFDBE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,605]" box="[199,410,578,605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFF3DFDDEFEACFDBF" bold="true" box="[199,285,579,605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Imago:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF23B989FFAEFFCCFF6DF845FB0BF812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745357" box="[151,1210,2008,2033]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" startId="3.[151,250,2008,2032]" targetBox="[261,1327,626,1982]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAEFFCCFF6DF845FB0BF812" blockId="3.[151,1210,2008,2033]" box="[151,1210,2008,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFF6DF845FEA2F812" bold="true" box="[151,275,2008,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFAEFFCCFEE3F845FDB4F812" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,517,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFEE3F845FDB4F812" box="[281,517,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFDF1F844FDEDF813" bold="true" box="[523,604,2009,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFAEFFCCFDF1F844FDEDF813" box="[523,604,2009,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, habitus. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFD44F845FD67F812" bold="true" box="[702,726,2008,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">A.</emphasis>
Female larva. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAEFFCCFC97F844FC35F813" bold="true" box="[877,900,2009,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="504">B.</emphasis>
Male larva. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF23B989FFA9FFCBFF6DF96DFBF9F8CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" startId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFA9FFCBFF6DF96DFBF9F8CF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1776,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFF6DF96DFEA4F8EA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA9FFCBFEE4F96DFDBDF8EA" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[286,524,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFEE4F96DFDBDF8EA" box="[286,524,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFDEEF96DFDD6F8EA" bold="true" box="[532,615,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFA9FFCBFDEEF96DFDD6F8EA" box="[532,615,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFD8CF96DFD3EF8EA" bold="true" box="[630,655,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">A.</emphasis>
Head capsule, viewed dorsally. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFC1BF96DFC49F8EA" bold="true" box="[993,1016,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">B.</emphasis>
Labrum. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFB9AF96DFBC9F8EA" bold="true" box="[1120,1144,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">C.</emphasis>
Mandibles. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFB01F96DFAA5F8EA" bold="true" box="[1275,1300,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">D.</emphasis>
Maxillae. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFA7FF96DFA2DF8EA" bold="true" box="[1413,1436,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">E.</emphasis>
Hypopharynx. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA9FFCBFED5F889FEF3F8CE" bold="true" box="[303,322,1812,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">F.</emphasis>
Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF23B989FFA8FFCAFF6DF96DFE1DF8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" startId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFA8FFCAFF6DF96DFE1DF8B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1776,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFF6DF96DFEA4F8EA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA8FFCAFEE7F96DFDBAF8EA" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[285,523,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFEE7F96DFDBAF8EA" box="[285,523,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFDE9F96DFDD7F8EA" bold="true" box="[531,614,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFA8FFCAFDE9F96DFDD7F8EA" box="[531,614,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFD8FF96DFD3CF8EA" bold="true" box="[629,653,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">A.</emphasis>
Foreleg. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFD0BF96DFCB8F8EA" bold="true" box="[753,777,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">B.</emphasis>
High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFA7EF96DFA2DF8EA" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">C.</emphasis>
Forecoxa. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFEF9F889FEADF8CE" bold="true" box="[259,284,1812,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">D.</emphasis>
Foreclaw. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFE77F889FE15F8CE" bold="true" box="[397,420,1812,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">E.</emphasis>
Mid leg. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFDF3F889FDADF8CE" bold="true" box="[521,540,1812,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">F.</emphasis>
Mid claw. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFD6BF889FD1AF8CE" bold="true" box="[657,683,1812,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">G.</emphasis>
Hind leg. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA8FFCAFCE2F889FC83F8CE" bold="true" box="[792,818,1812,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">H.</emphasis>
Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF23B989FFABFFC9FF6DF96DFB2BF8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" startId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFABFFC9FF6DF96DFB2BF8B3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1776,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FF6DF96DFEA3F8EA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFABFFC9FEEDF96DFDB3F8EA" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[279,514,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaesni" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FEEDF96DFDB3F8EA" box="[279,514,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Clypeocaesni laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FDFDF96DFDE7F8EA" bold="true" box="[519,598,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFABFFC9FDFDF96DFDE7F8EA" box="[519,598,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FD98F96DFDCAF8EA" bold="true" box="[610,635,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">A.</emphasis>
Abdominal terga VI–X. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FC8EF96DFC3AF8EA" bold="true" box="[884,907,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">B.</emphasis>
Tergum II. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FC05F96DFBA9F8EA" bold="true" box="[1023,1048,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">C.</emphasis>
Sternum IX. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FB65F96DFB06F8EA" bold="true" box="[1183,1207,1776,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">D.</emphasis>
Operculate gill, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FF2FF889FF5CF8CE" bold="true" box="[213,237,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">E.</emphasis>
Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FCBEF889FCE6F8CE" bold="true" box="[836,855,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">F.</emphasis>
Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFABFFC9FB20F889FB45F8CE" bold="true" box="[1242,1268,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">G.</emphasis>
Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF23B989FFAAFFC8FF6DF96DFCCAF8CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" startId="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAAFFC8FF6DF96DFCCAF8CF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1776,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FF6DF96DFEA3F8EA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFAAFFC8FEE2F96DFE49F8EA" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[280,504,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clpeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FEE2F96DFE49F8EA" box="[280,504,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Clpeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FE07F96DFDFCF8EA" bold="true" box="[509,589,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFAAFFC8FE07F96DFDFCF8EA" box="[509,589,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FDA3F96DFDC3F8EA" bold="true" box="[601,626,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">A.</emphasis>
Gills III, IV. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FD0DF96DFCBFF8EA" bold="true" box="[759,782,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">B.</emphasis>
Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FB8CF96DFB3FF8EA" bold="true" box="[1142,1166,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">C.</emphasis>
Epithema. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FAFBF96DFAABF8EA" bold="true" box="[1281,1306,1776,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">D.</emphasis>
Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C346BA8AFFAAFFC7FF3DF8E3FD5AFDDF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFAAFFC7FF3DF8E3FD5AFDDF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1918,2017]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FF3DF8E3FEF3F87A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1918,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFAAFFC8FEB1F8E3FDE3F87A" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[331,594,1918,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FEB1F8E3FDE3F87A" box="[331,594,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FDA1F8E3FD06F87A" bold="true" box="[603,695,1918,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFAAFFC8FDA1F8E3FD06F87A" box="[603,695,1918,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
exhibits distinctive morphological characteristics, and is closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFAAFFC8FEF8F83FFCF9F85E" authority="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2021" authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[258,840,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaveri">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FEF8F83FFEDEF85E" box="[258,367,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Cl. kaveri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD94F0FFAAFFC8FE89F83FFCF9F85E" author="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M." box="[371,840,1954,1980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="377 - 388" refId="ref9722" refString="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M. (2021) Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldan, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 377 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFAAFFC8FC84F83FFF7EF802" authority="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2020" authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gayathri">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFAAFFC8FC84F83FFBB2F85E" box="[894,1027,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Cl. gayathri</emphasis>
Balasubramanian &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD94F0FFAAFFC8FB13F83FFF7EF802" author="Muthukatturaja, M. &amp; Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Murugan, A." pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="361 - 370" refId="ref10400" refString="Muthukatturaja, M., Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Murugan, A. (2020) Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India. Zootaxa, 4722 (4), 361 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.4.5" type="journal article" year="2020">Muthukatturaja, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6DEDCBAFFAAFFC8FF1AF85BFE86F802" box="[224,311,1990,2016]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[152,240,620,644]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative morphological characteristics of Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov. larvae and closely related species." pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The following combination of features distinguishes this new species from its congeners: i) the pedicel is one and a half times the length of the third antennal segment (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FC21FF0AFB86FF53" box="[987,1079,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Head capsule, viewed dorsally. B. Labrum. C. Mandibles. D. Maxillae. E. Hypopharynx. F. Labium. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–D = 200 μm; E = 100 μm; F = 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745363/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); ii) below the molar, there are 4–5 thin setae; iii) the forefemur, at the middle of the inner margin, is equipped with three long filtering setae; the outer margin features short, simple setae, and the dorsal surface presents a transverse row of large, broadly spatulate setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FF1AFE9EFEEDFEFF" box="[224,348,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
); iv) the mid and hind femora are adorned with short, marginal bristles that are basally strongly narrowed (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FEE9FEBAFE20FEA3" box="[275,401,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 3E, G</figureCitation>
); v) tarsal claws are long, slender, and slightly bent apically, with 3–5 denticles (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FAC6FEBAFF7CFE87" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Foreleg. B. High magnification view setae of transverse row forefemur. C. Forecoxa. D. Foreclaw. E. Mid leg. F. Mid claw. G. Hind leg. H. Hind claw. Scale bars: A, E, G = 500 μm; B = 300 μm; C = 200 μm; D, F, H = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745365/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 3D, F, H</figureCitation>
); vi) the posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII is strongly denticulate and bears small spatulate setae, whereas terga VIII–IX are only denticulated (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FD6DFEF2FD42FE6B" box="[663,755,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); vii) the operculate gill features short setae along the lateral margin, thin bipinnate setae along the inner margin, and very short spatulate setae along the posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FA95FE0EFF51FE33" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 4D, G</figureCitation>
); the middle ridge is notably developed with 8–10 stout spatulate setae (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FBF7FE2AFBD2FE33" box="[1037,1123,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
); viii) the operculate gill on the ventral side lacks a microtrichia band (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FD89FE46FD66FE17" box="[627,727,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeocaesni laosensis sp. nov., A. Abdominal terga VI–X. B. Tergum II. C. Sternum IX. D. Operculate gill, dorsal view. E. Higher magnification of the operculate gill, dorsal view. F. Spatulate setae on the medial ridge. G. Operculate gill, viewed from the ventral side. Scale bars: A, D, G = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, F = 200 μm; E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745367/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Figs. 4G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FD19FE46FCA3FE17" box="[739,786,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Microtrichia bands on the ventral side of the operculate gill, as previously documented. A. Clypeocaenis soldani. B. Clypeocaenis multisetosa. C. Clypeocaenis oligosetosa. D. Clypeocaenis kaveri. E. Clypeocaenis afrosetosa. F. Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov. G. Mekongellina sangpradubae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745395/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">12F</figureCitation>
); ix) the egg’s epithema is cap-shaped, constituted by fine threads terminating in numerous small knobs; the micropyle is of moderate length, the mouth is not broadened, and it is encircled by a circular sperm-guide (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA5FFC7FD99FDBEFD6EFDDF" box="[611,735,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[158,1430,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clpeocaenis laosensis sp. nov., A. Gills III, IV. B. Egg, arrow indicate the micropyle. C. Epithema. D. Detail of the micropyle. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 40 μm; D = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745371/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 5B–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF23B989FFA5FFC7FF62FDF1FA36FD66" box="[152,1415,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" startId="8.[152,240,620,644]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFA5FFC7FF62FDF1FA36FD66" blockId="8.[152,1415,620,645]" box="[152,1415,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF62FDF1FEB8FD66" bold="true" box="[152,265,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparative morphological characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA5FFC7FD1FFDF1FC60FD66" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[741,977,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FD1FFDF1FC60FD66" box="[741,977,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FC2DFDF0FB99FD67" bold="true" box="[983,1064,621,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFA5FFC7FC2DFDF0FB99FD67" box="[983,1064,621,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
larvae and closely related species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFA5FFC7FF65FD01FB5AF86F" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<table id="F95C1BA1FFA50030FF65FD01FA3EF832" box="[159,1423,668,2000]" gridcols="4" gridrows="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FD01FA3EFD52" box="[159,1423,668,688]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FD01FDB7FD52" box="[159,518,668,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FD01FEB4FD4D" bold="true" box="[159,261,668,687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FD01FC87FD52" box="[543,822,668,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA5FFC7FDE5FD00FD30FD4D" authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2020" box="[543,641,668,688]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gayathri">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FDE5FD00FD30FD4D" bold="true" box="[543,641,668,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
C. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FDC2FD01FD30FD4D" bold="true" box="[568,641,668,687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">gayathri</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FD01FBD8FD52" box="[841,1129,668,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA5FFC7FCB3FD00FC28FD4D" authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[841,921,668,688]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaveri">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FCB3FD00FC28FD4D" bold="true" box="[841,921,668,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FCB3FD00FCE6FD52" bold="true" box="[841,855,669,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FC98FD01FC28FD4D" bold="true" box="[866,921,668,687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">kaveri</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FD01FA3EFD52" box="[1145,1423,668,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FB83FD00FA9AFD52" bold="true" box="[1145,1323,668,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA5FFC7FB83FD00FB50FD4D" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[1145,1249,668,688]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FB83FD00FB36FD52" bold="true" box="[1145,1159,669,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FB68FD01FB50FD4D" bold="true" box="[1170,1249,668,687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFA5FFC7FB1DFD00FA9AFD52" box="[1255,1323,669,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FD4BFA3EFD08" box="[159,1423,726,746]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FD4BFDB7FD08" box="[159,518,726,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FD4BFE06FD0B" bold="true" box="[159,439,726,745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Length of pedicel: segment III</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FD4BFC87FD08" box="[543,822,726,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">2.5: 1</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FD4BFBD8FD08" box="[841,1129,726,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">1.5: 1</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FD4BFA3EFD08" box="[1145,1423,726,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">1.5: 1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FC88FA3EFCCB" box="[159,1423,789,809]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FC88FDB7FCCB" box="[159,518,789,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FC88FEF7FCCA" bold="true" box="[159,326,789,808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Setae below molar</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FC88FC87FCCB" box="[543,822,789,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">6 setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FC88FBD8FCCB" box="[841,1129,789,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">7 setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FC88FA3EFCCB" box="[1145,1423,789,809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">4–5 setae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FCC9FA3EFC49" box="[159,1423,852,939]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FCC9FDB7FC49" box="[159,518,852,939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FCC9FE1BFC6B" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Forefemur setae: inner margin; outer margin; transverse row</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FCC9FC87FC49" box="[543,822,852,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">4 long setae; stout and bifid setae; bifid setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FCC9FBD8FC49" box="[841,1129,852,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">4 long setae; both outer margin and transverse row with bifid setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FCC9FA3EFC49" box="[1145,1423,852,939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">3 long setae; simple setae; large broadly spatulate setae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FC4BFA3EFC08" box="[159,1423,982,1002]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FC4BFDB7FC08" box="[159,518,982,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FC4BFF69FC0B" bold="true" box="[159,216,982,1001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Coxae</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FC4BFC87FC08" box="[543,822,982,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">enlarged</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FC4BFBD8FC08" box="[841,1129,982,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">not enlarged</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FC4BFA3EFC08" box="[1145,1423,982,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">not enlarged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FB88FA3EFBA8" box="[159,1423,1045,1098]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FB88FDB7FBA8" box="[159,518,1045,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FB88FEAEFBA8" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Mid femur setae-shaped: outer margin; dorsal surface</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FB88FC87FBA8" box="[543,822,1045,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">stout setae; bifid</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FB88FBD8FBA8" box="[841,1129,1045,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">both with bifid</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FB88FA3EFBA8" box="[1145,1423,1045,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">both with spatulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FBE8FA3EFB6B" box="[159,1423,1141,1161]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FBE8FDB7FB6B" box="[159,518,1141,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FBE8FE6AFB6B" bold="true" box="[159,475,1141,1161]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Hind femur marginal setae-shaped</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FBE8FC87FB6B" box="[543,822,1141,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">stout setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FBE8FBD8FB6B" box="[841,1129,1141,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">stout bifid setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FBE8FA3EFB6B" box="[1145,1423,1141,1161]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">spatulate setae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FB28FA3EFB2A" box="[159,1423,1205,1224]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FB28FDB7FB2A" box="[159,518,1205,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FB28FDB7FB2A" bold="true" box="[159,518,1205,1224]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Number of denticles of the tarsal claws;</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FB28FC87FB2A" box="[543,822,1205,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">9–10</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FB28FBD8FB2A" box="[841,1129,1205,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">6–8</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FB28FA3EFB2A" box="[1145,1423,1205,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">3–5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FB69FA3EFAEA" box="[159,1423,1268,1288]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FB69FDB7FAEA" box="[159,518,1268,1288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FB69FEE6FAE5" bold="true" box="[159,343,1268,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fore and hind claws</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FB69FC87FAEA" box="[543,822,1268,1288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">shortened, strong bowed</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FB69FBD8FAEA" box="[841,1129,1268,1288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">not shortened, slightly bowed</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FB69FA3EFAEA" box="[1145,1423,1268,1288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">not shortened, slightly bowed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FAAEFA3EFA8A" box="[159,1423,1331,1384]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FAAEFDB7FA8A" box="[159,518,1331,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FAAEFF0EFA8A" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FAAEFC87FA8A" box="[543,822,1331,1384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">spatulate, bifid and pinnate setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FAAEFBD8FA8A" box="[841,1129,1331,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">bifid setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FAAEFA3EFA8A" box="[1145,1423,1331,1384]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">strongly denticulate, small spatulate setae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65FA09FA3EF9E9" box="[159,1423,1428,1547]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65FA09FDB7F9E9" box="[159,518,1428,1547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65FA09FF63F9E9" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Operculate gill setae on posterior margin; basal medial ridge; microtrichia band on ventral surface of gill</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5FA09FC87F9E9" box="[543,822,1428,1547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">row of short setae; 6 stout setae; not known</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3FA09FBD8F9E9" box="[841,1129,1428,1547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">small bifid setae; 9 bifid setae; 2–3 irregular row of cluster 2–6 setae</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83FA09FA3EF9E9" box="[1145,1423,1428,1547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">short broadly spatulate setae; 8–10 spatulate setae; without microtrichia band</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65F9ABFA3EF98E" box="[159,1423,1590,1644]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65F9ABFDB7F98E" box="[159,518,1590,1644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65F9ABFEACF989" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Hind margin of sternum IX and shagreen field</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5F9ABFC87F98E" box="[543,822,1590,1644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">not known</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3F9ABFBD8F98E" box="[841,1129,1590,1644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">broadly round with 5–6 irregular rows of small denticles</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83F9ABFA3EF98E" box="[1145,1423,1590,1644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">slightly concave with 4 irregular rows of small denticles</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65F90AFA3EF8EC" box="[159,1423,1687,1806]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65F90AFDB7F8EC" box="[159,518,1687,1806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65F90AFF7AF948" bold="true" box="[159,203,1687,1706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Eggs</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5F90AFC87F8EC" box="[543,822,1687,1806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">not known</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3F90AFBD8F8EC" box="[841,1129,1687,1806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">oval-shape; chorion smooth; epithema flat; micropyle short, mouth slightly broadened; sperm- guide invisible</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83F90AFA3EF8EC" box="[1145,1423,1687,1806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">oval-shape; chorion smooth; epithema cap-shaped; micropyle long, mouth not broadened; sperm-guide circular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65F8A7FA3EF8AC" box="[159,1423,1850,1870]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65F8A7FDB7F8AC" box="[159,518,1850,1870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65F8A7FEBFF8AF" bold="true" box="[159,270,1850,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Distribution</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5F8A7FC87F8AC" box="[543,822,1850,1870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">India</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3F8A7FBD8F8AC" box="[841,1129,1850,1870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">India</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83F8A7FA3EF8AC" box="[1145,1423,1850,1870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Lao PDR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356CEB43FFA50030FF65F8E4FA3EF832" box="[159,1423,1913,2000]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<th id="76BD823FFFA50030FF65F8E4FDB7F832" box="[159,518,1913,2000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FF65F8E4FEB3F86E" bold="true" box="[159,258,1913,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">References</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FDE5F8E4FC87F832" box="[543,822,1913,2000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD94F0FFA5FFC7FDE5F8E7FCA0F86F" author="Muthukatturaja, M. &amp; Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Murugan, A." box="[543,785,1914,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="361 - 370" refId="ref10400" refString="Muthukatturaja, M., Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Murugan, A. (2020) Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India. Zootaxa, 4722 (4), 361 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.4.5" type="journal article" year="2020">
Muthukatturaja 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FD52F8E7FD7CF86F" box="[680,717,1914,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FCB3F8E4FBD8F832" box="[841,1129,1913,2000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD94F0FFA5FFC7FCB3F8E7FBBCF84C" author="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="377 - 388" refId="ref9722" refString="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M. (2021) Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldan, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 377 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja (2021)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD94F0FFA5FFC7FCB3F821FBA0F832" author="Srinivasan, P. &amp; Sivaruban, T. &amp; Barathy, S. &amp; Isack, R." box="[841,1041,1980,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="39 - 75" refId="ref10643" refString="Srinivasan, P., Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack, R. (2023) Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu. Zootaxa, 5258 (1), 39 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5258.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
Srinivasan 
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA5FFC7FC52F820FC7FF82D" box="[936,974,1980,1999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76BD823FFFA50030FB83F8E4FA3EF832" box="[1145,1423,1913,2000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Present study</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C346BA8AFFA4FFC6FF3DFF0BFC55FF37" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFA4FFC6FF3DFF0BFC55FF37" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FF3DFF0BFEF9FF53" bold="true" box="[199,328,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA4FFC6FDCDFF0AFD2FFF53" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[567,670,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FDCDFF0AFD2FFF53" box="[567,670,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the country of collection, 
<collectingCountry id="F34BA991FFA4FFC6FB85FF0AFF4DFF37" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Lao People’s Democratic Republic</collectingCountry>
(Lao PDR), indicating the geographical origin of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346BA8AFFA4FFC6FF3DFF43FD53FD13" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE3E901FFA4FFC6FF3DFF43FD53FD13" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FF3DFF43FE49FF1B" bold="true" box="[199,504,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FF3DFF43FE40FF1B" bold="true" box="[199,497,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Distribution and Habitat</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA4FFC6FDFCFF42FCA3FF1B" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[518,786,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FDFCFF42FCA3FF1B" box="[518,786,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FCE5FF42FCCEFF1B" bold="true" box="[799,895,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFA4FFC6FCE5FF42FCCEFF1B" box="[799,895,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has been collected in the 
<collectingRegion id="499827E3FFA4FFC6FB33FF42FAD7FF1B" box="[1225,1382,223,249]" country="Laos" name="Khammouan" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Khammouane</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="499827E3FFA4FFC6FF6DFE9EFE97FEFF" box="[151,294,259,285]" country="Laos" name="Savannakhet" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Savannakhet</collectingRegion>
Provinces of the Lao PDR (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA4FFC6FD8EFE9EFD7BFEFF" box="[628,714,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,185,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[158,1430,181,1067]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Geographic distribution of the Clypeocaenis laosensis sp. nov. (circle), C. oligosetosa (star); C. multisetosa (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745401/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Specimens were collected from stream and rivers situated in the central and southern regions of Lao PDR, within an elevation range of 
<quantity id="4CA444E4FFA4FFC6FC01FEBBFBCCFEA3" box="[1019,1149,294,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.54" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" unit="m" value="140.0" valueMax="154.0" valueMin="126.0">126–154 m</quantity>
above sea level. The Xe Nou River (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA4FFC6FEE4FED6FE34FE87" box="[286,389,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,251,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,179,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[158,1430,179,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitats of the genus Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 in Lao PDR, A. Xe Nou River, Xebangfai District, Khammouane Province. B. Tha Hao Stream, Xaybury District, Savannakhet Province. C. Xe Bang Hieng River, Songkhone District, Savannakhet Province. D. Outlet Stream of Nam Xouang Reservoir, Naxaythong District, Vientiane Capital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745397/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) meanders through a village setting, bordered on one side by agricultural lands and forested areas. The riverbed primarily consists of bedrock and boulders, complemented by patches of gravel and sand. The water current exhibits a moderate to fast flow, particularly intensifying in the river’s central channel. The Tha Hao Stream (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA4FFC6FF0FFE2AFEE9FE33" box="[245,344,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,251,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,179,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[158,1430,179,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitats of the genus Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 in Lao PDR, A. Xe Nou River, Xebangfai District, Khammouane Province. B. Tha Hao Stream, Xaybury District, Savannakhet Province. C. Xe Bang Hieng River, Songkhone District, Savannakhet Province. D. Outlet Stream of Nam Xouang Reservoir, Naxaythong District, Vientiane Capital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745397/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
) flows adjacent to a small village, encircled by agricultural fields and a stretch of forest. Its current is characterized as moderately fast. The streambed’s composition largely includes bedrock, boulders, and sand, interspersed with snags and leaf litter, providing a diverse substrate. Bordering the Xe Bang Hieng River (
<figureCitation id="1367F584FFA4FFC6FAD0FE62FA3EFDFB" box="[1322,1423,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,251,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,179,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[158,1430,179,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Habitats of the genus Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 in Lao PDR, A. Xe Nou River, Xebangfai District, Khammouane Province. B. Tha Hao Stream, Xaybury District, Savannakhet Province. C. Xe Bang Hieng River, Songkhone District, Savannakhet Province. D. Outlet Stream of Nam Xouang Reservoir, Naxaythong District, Vientiane Capital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745397/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
), residential dwellings and vegetable gardens are prevalent. The riverbed here is distinguished by a foundation of bedrock, boulders, and remnants of concrete from old bridges, with minor sections of gravel, sand, mud, large wood debris (snags), and plant litter. This river features a moderate to fast current, especially intensifying in the river’s central channel. Larvae of this newly described species were predominantly found in the littoral zones, which are defined by their boulder, gravel, and sand substrates, accompanied by slower current velocities, providing a specific ecological niche for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C9282FFA4FFC6FE87FD4AFD30FD13" authorityName="Vannachak &amp; Malzacher &amp; Sangpradub" authorityYear="2024" box="[381,641,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FE87FD4AFD30FD13" box="[381,641,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Clypeocaenis laosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9283513FFA4FFC6FD72FD4AFD53FD13" bold="true" box="[648,738,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B8868FFA4FFC6FD72FD4AFD53FD13" box="[648,738,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>