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<document id="44F97C7D9D406F52E9BF766785E50D24" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5402202" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5402202" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630336249082" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Messing, Charles G." docDate="2003" docId="494A87B9FF834D192A0E11DCFE5E2CA7" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2003.25.1.149-162.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 25 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Comactinia titan Messing 2003, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="B573FFC1FF824D1C29581435FFD32A22" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Comasteridae (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1699233543560" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="D1E263D7BBE274ADAAAE86754500AC52" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1278063013D0C42F776EDBD3CF4E55B6">
<mods:title id="2FEA32177D7E1342F78D04E732AFCC39">Three new species of Comasteridae (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="34E40E65ADFD3F010CEF75621A6DED12" type="personal">
<mods:role id="42DF22D13AD75A2EC514E83591C3158C">
<mods:roleTerm id="0AC291CD9E123DA1A289C932CD7CECA1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="871B11B0175EE7CF9EEEBBFF58E7BDCF">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BC781C9217CD2360302C935C969B3192">Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004 (USA) messingc @ nova. edu ..</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="92999F717DA23FF08DC3B0FE61A1776B" type="email">messingc@nova.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AF7D2A78460923706D4ED36CC01DE467">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9B99458A82C69DCC6FA3CCA60481A078" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5CA71558523AB3BF822B797C6ED83C35">
<mods:title id="22E0EEB2503B89048A5B96E95BD1EFB2">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9A9DCEE376A7AD48CB6ABFD65376D298">
<mods:date id="F29CF12EACB8D28998ABF308D5CD94AB">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AD73E2CB54685ED211287E3697CE1D5D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E2EF8800FD81DE75D3631078FF5C002C">25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AC627E2D0626172DD26203931141E2DC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="151F27E158E55FE0B760A0D8B04CC9CE">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="0EAC795DA8A7EBD885CA43890116BE0A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="96664D12830CEBA7896EC009021467BE">149</mods:start>
<mods:end id="709DA0FF5212C125F0F6644CEBE3073B">162</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="9B699F02EE010721D9143B43BA1AADC2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E1B6BB76B105D8C7F702FA3750EEB69F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5402202</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C55186C3160197CD833B2456107E4869" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4CF407A6CC616BDF7F847DEA4A9E1568" type="Zenodo-Dep">5402202</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="494A87B9FF834D192A0E11DCFE5E2CA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:494A87B9FF834D192A0E11DCFE5E2CA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/494A87B9FF834D192A0E11DCFE5E2CA7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<subSubSection id="89F96524FF834D1D2A0E11DCFB802C26" box="[854,1107,1513,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF834D1D2A0E11DCFB802C26" blockId="1.[854,1107,1513,1573]" box="[854,1107,1513,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<heading id="9A1481C3FF834D1D2A0E11DCFB802C26" box="[854,1107,1513,1540]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF834D1D2A0E11DCFBC22C21" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[854,1041,1513,1539]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF834D1D2A0E11DCFBC22C21" bold="true" box="[854,1041,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Comactinia titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF834D1D2D4011DFFB802C26" box="[1048,1107,1514,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89F96524FF834D1D2AF4123EFC2E2C07" box="[940,1021,1547,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" type="description">
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF834D1D2AF4123EFC2E2C07" blockId="1.[854,1107,1513,1573]" box="[940,1021,1547,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
(
<figureCitation id="59D82A2AFF834D1D2AEC123EFC212C07" box="[948,1010,1547,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[151,162,1604,1621]" captionTargetBox="[167,1231,287,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[159,1247,273,1575]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — Comactinia titan n. sp.; A, B, P1 pinnule comb in aboral (A) and lateral (B) views (MNHN EcCh 185); C, cirrus (MNHN EcCh 186); D, cirrus (MNHN EcCs 10234); E, portion of centrodorsal and base of one ray (with abnormal br4+5 on right arm) (MNHN EcCh 186); F-H, pinnules (MNHN EcCh 186); F, P14; G, P5; H, P1. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-H, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5402204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5402204/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89F96524FF834D192B921208FE5E2CA7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF834D1D2B921208FC4D2CAB" blockId="1.[714,1247,1597,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<materialsCitation id="718B3CF2FF834D1D2B921208FC4D2CAB" collectingDate="1985-06-03" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Philippines" elevation="79" latitude="-12.133333" location="Philippines" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="121.28333" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF834D1D2B921208FCEB2C71" box="[714,824,1597,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF834D1D2A32120BFC3A2C74" bold="true" box="[874,1001,1598,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<collectingCountry id="B9F4763FFF834D1D2A32120BFC362C74" box="[874,997,1598,1622]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP121,
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF834D1D2A7D1262FCAE2C4D" box="[805,893,1623,1647]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" precision="925" value="-12.133333">12°08’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF834D1D2AD31262FC202C4D" box="[907,1011,1623,1647]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" precision="925" value="121.28333">121°17’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF834D1D2D5A1262FBB12C4C" box="[1026,1122,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="78.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="73.0">
<elevation id="4ACED19CFF834D1D2D5A1262FBB12C4C" box="[1026,1122,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="78.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="73.0">73-84 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B55D106FFF834D1D2D371262FB0C2C4D" box="[1135,1247,1623,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" value="1985-06-03">
<collectingDate id="A519E987FF834D1D2D371262FB0C2C4D" box="[1135,1247,1623,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" value="1985-06-03">3.VI.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="A7F2AE6AFF834D1D2B891244FCF62CAB" box="[721,805,1649,1673]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">MNHN</collectionCode>
EcCh 186).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF149CFE702AF9" blockId="2.[151,684,169,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF804D1E29CF149CFED62A9D" box="[151,261,169,192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
. —
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E286F149FFE642AE0" bold="true" box="[311,439,170,194]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<collectingCountry id="B9F4763FFF804D1E286F149FFE602AE0" box="[311,435,170,194]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
MUSORSTOM 3 (no data) (
<collectionCode id="A7F2AE6AFF804D1E298E14F6FEF92AF9" box="[214,298,195,219]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">MNHN</collectionCode>
EcCh 185).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF14E9FF362B05" blockId="2.[151,684,169,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E29CF14E9FE972AD7" bold="true" box="[151,324,220,245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<collectingCountry id="B9F4763FFF804D1E29CF14E9FE932AD7" box="[151,320,220,245]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
SMIB 5, stn DW100,
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF804D1E2B6614E8FD7B2AD7" box="[574,680,221,245]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="23.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" precision="92" value="-23.398333">23°23.9’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF804D1E29CF14C3FEDD2B2C" box="[151,270,246,270]" degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="05.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" precision="92" value="168.09">168°05.4’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E284314C3FE562B2E" box="[283,389,245,270]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="80.0">80-120 m</quantity>
,
<date id="B55D106FFF804D1E28CA14C3FDDB2B2C" box="[402,520,246,270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" value="1989-09-14">14.IX.1989</date>
(
<collectionCode id="A7F2AE6AFF804D1E2B4014C3FDBD2B2C" box="[536,622,246,270]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">MNHN</collectionCode>
EcCs 10234).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF1502FE902BED" blockId="2.[151,684,169,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF804D1E28B81502FDDE2B6C" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[480,525,311,334]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E28B81502FDDE2B6C" box="[480,525,311,334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one of a family of mythological giants that ruled the earth until overthrown by the Olympian gods; now, more broadly, one of gigantic size or power, a reference to the great thickness of the arms of this species relative to those of other comatulids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF15EBFEEA28D6" blockId="2.[151,684,169,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the
<collectingCountry id="B9F4763FFF804D1E2B6415EAFD782BD5" box="[572,683,479,503]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B9F4763FFF804D1E299B15C2FE8E2832" box="[195,349,503,528]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
in
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E28DA15CDFE0A282C" box="[386,473,503,528]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="78.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="73.0">73-84 m</quantity>
(possibly to
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2B0315CDFD732832" box="[603,672,504,528]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
). The specimen lacking data was found in a jar with a label for RV
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E2844161EFEB62861" box="[284,357,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Coriolis</emphasis>
stn 116. However, the depth at this station was
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E281A1671FE642878" box="[322,439,579,604]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.08" metricValueMax="8.12" metricValueMin="8.04" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="808.0" valueMax="812.0" valueMin="804.0">804-812 m</quantity>
and the accompanying specimens included
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF804D1E28381668FF0B28AD" authority="(Carpenter, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Carpenter" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Crinoidea" family="Asterometridae" genus="Asterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longicirra">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E28381668FDE12854" box="[352,562,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Asterometra longicirra</emphasis>
(Carpenter, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
, typical of
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E280A1642FE1828AF" box="[338,459,630,655]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200-300 m</quantity>
, and
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF804D1E2B5F1642FE9E288A" authority="(Carpenter, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Carpenter" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E2B5F1642FD7F28AF" box="[519,684,630,655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Comatella nigra</emphasis>
(Carpenter, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
, characteristic of &lt;
<specimenCount id="D7E5FD26FF804D1E2B4916A5FD9D2884" box="[529,590,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="generic">
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2B4916A5FD992884" box="[529,586,655,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The correct label is thus considered lost. RV
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E2B5D169FFD9E28E0" box="[517,589,682,706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Coriolis</emphasis>
occupied all 54 MUSORSTOM 3 stations in the vicinity of Mindoro Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF1731FE5B29EC" blockId="2.[151,684,169,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
DIAGNOSIS. — A species of
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF804D1E28941731FD952939" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[460,582,772,795]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E28941731FD952939" box="[460,582,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Comactinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reaching extremely large size, with proximal arms bearing strong alternating articular tubercles and reaching a diameter of
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E28481764FE9C2945" box="[272,335,848,873]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; cirri up to XXXVI in number, up to
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E29E9175FFEDF29A2" box="[177,268,873,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="31.4">31.4 mm</quantity>
in length with 22 segments; proximal segments of proximal pinnules smooth and cylindrical or rounded rhombic; combs tapering to a point, present to P
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E29E717F7FF3029EC" box="[191,227,950,979]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="in" value="5.0">
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E29E717F7FF1B29F1" attach="left" box="[191,200,962,979]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">5</subScript>
in
</quantity>
large specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF103FFEFB2E00" blockId="2.[151,684,1034,1669]" box="[151,296,1034,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF101EFDC92E87" blockId="2.[151,684,1034,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
Centrodorsal discoidal, up to 10.0 mm across; polar area flat or slightly concave, smooth, up to
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E29CF105EFF3E2EA6" box="[151,237,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
across. Polar area of small specimen with crescentic traces of obsolete sockets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E29CF109EFC7C2AC7" blockId="2.[151,684,1034,1669]" lastBlockId="2.[714,1248,170,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
Cirri of large specimens XXVII-XXXVI (up to X regenerating), 16-22, maximum length
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2B1910FEFD7B2EC6" box="[577,680,1226,1253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="31.4">31.4 mm</quantity>
, in crowded single and partly double marginal row. Proximal cirrals cylindrical; c1 short; following segments increasing in length to c5-7; L/W of longest cirral 1.0; following cirrals gradually shorter and slightly compressed with L/W becoming 0.8, sometimes wider than proximal cirrals. Distal 2-3 cirrals preceding penultimate slightly narrower and more elongated, L/
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF804D1E2B0411FEFD772FC7" box="[604,676,1483,1509]" degrees="1.0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" precision="5555" value="-1.0">W 1.0</geoCoordinate>
- 1.1; antepenultimate distally polished; penultimate cirral smaller than preceding, L/
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF804D1E2B6B123EFDAE2C07" box="[563,637,1547,1573]" degrees="0.9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" precision="5555" value="-0.9">W 0.9</geoCoordinate>
-1.1, with erect conical opposing spine; claw curved, longer than penultimate cirral. Small specimen with cirri XXII, 14-15, up to
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E28BB125EFD9A2CA6" box="[483,585,1642,1669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
long; c4 longest, L/
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF804D1E2A1A149EFC5F2AE7" box="[834,908,171,197]" degrees="1.4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" precision="5555" value="-1.4">W 1.4</geoCoordinate>
; antepenultimate cirral with a weak aboral tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E2B9214DEFC8A2907" blockId="2.[714,1248,170,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
Radials visible in interradial angles or completely hidden by centrodorsal. Single tip of basal ray possibly visible under edge of centrodorsal in one interradius of
<specimenCount id="D7E5FD26FF804D1E2AF1157FFB9D2B47" box="[937,1102,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
. IBr2 short, apposed laterally and flattened aborally, joined by close synarthry (possibly cryptosynarthry). Ibr
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2BB3158DFD262BE9" attach="left" box="[747,757,440,459]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1</subScript>
oblong with diverging lateral margins, partly hidden by centrodorsal in the two large specimens; W/L
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF804D1E2A0A15DFFCB02821" box="[850,867,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">c.</emphasis>
5.0 in small specimen. Ibr
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2DCA15CDFB4F2829" attach="left" box="[1170,1180,504,523]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">2</subScript>
(axil) pentagonal with short diverging lateral margins, or triangular; W/L 1.9-3.0. Lateral aboral margins of brachitaxes ossicles and exterior lateral margins of proximal few arm ossicles thickened and covered with superficial pale reticulated stereom. Articulations between brachitaxes ossicles and proximal brachials also sometimes covered with pale yellowish tissue that obscures articulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E2B92171EFC5B2E86" blockId="2.[714,1248,170,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
Arms 10; anterior arms longer; small specimen with anterior ray length
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2AB8177EFB932946" box="[992,1088,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="145.0">145 mm</quantity>
and posterior
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2B92175EFCCD29A6" box="[714,798,874,901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
. Large
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF804D1E2A35175FFC1A29A6" box="[877,969,874,900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with posterior ray length
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2B9217BEFCF82986" box="[714,811,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="137.0">137 mm</quantity>
; anterior rays broken at
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2D6017BEFB492986" box="[1080,1178,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
. Arms of
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF804D1E2BB2179EFC9F29E7" box="[746,844,939,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
broken at
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2A95179EFBFD29E6" box="[973,1070,938,965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
or less; longest arm fragment tapering rapidly near broken tip as in posterior arms of small specimen. An apparently anterior arm (remaining ray length
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2B92101EFCF82E66" box="[714,811,1066,1093]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
) is
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2A0E101EFC632E66" box="[854,944,1066,1093]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
across at its broken tip. A comparison with the small specimen suggests that the holotype’s intact anterior ray length may have reached
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2A7C10BEFC562E86" box="[804,901,1162,1189]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF804D1E2B92109EFB0C2CA7" blockId="2.[714,1248,170,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
Arm ossicles (except brr
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2A93108DFC342EE9" attach="left" box="[971,999,1208,1227]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1-2</subScript>
and slender distalmost ossicles) with convex lateral margins; middle brachials with thickened distal margins, the combination making each ossicle appear swollen. Brachials from brr
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2ACF110DFC602F69" attach="left" box="[919,947,1336,1355]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">2-5</subScript>
to brr
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2AA6110DFBF72F69" attach="left" box="[1022,1060,1336,1355]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">9-13</subScript>
(br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2D17110DFB8A2F69" attach="left" box="[1103,1113,1336,1355]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">2</subScript>
to brr
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF804D1E2DFB110DFB0C2F67" box="[1187,1247,1323,1355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2DFB110DFB6C2F69" attach="left" box="[1187,1215,1336,1355]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">5-7</subScript>
in
</quantity>
small specimen) with well developed alternating articular swellings. br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2A9B114DFC1E2FA9" attach="left" box="[963,973,1400,1419]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1</subScript>
oblong (slightly longer exteriorly in small specimen), united interiorly; W/L 3.0-4.4. br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2ADA118DFC5F2FE9" attach="left" box="[898,908,1464,1483]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">2</subScript>
longer exteriorly and with P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2D8C118DFB0D2FE9" attach="left" box="[1236,1246,1464,1483]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1</subScript>
articulation clearly visible in aboral view; W/L 2.6-3.1. Exterior lateral margins of both br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2DFB11CDFB7E2C29" attach="left" box="[1187,1197,1528,1547]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1</subScript>
and br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2BB9122DFD382C09" attach="left" box="[737,747,1560,1579]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">2</subScript>
thickened, apposed and flattened against ossicles of adjacent rays; midaboral surface of brr
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2D9B120DFB0C2C69" attach="left" box="[1219,1247,1592,1611]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1-2</subScript>
with low synarthrial swelling. br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF804D1E2D7B126DFB912C49" attach="left" box="[1059,1090,1624,1643]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">3+4</subScript>
short, oblong; syzygial articulation usually sinusoidal; W/L 2.3-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF814D1F29CC16C4FF742928" blockId="3.[148,167,753,778]" box="[148,167,753,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">C</paragraph>
<caption id="959C6627FF814D1F29CF1271FC602CA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5402204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5402204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5402204/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" startId="3.[151,162,1604,1621]" targetBox="[167,1231,287,1550]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF814D1F29CF1271FC602CA2" blockId="3.[151,1246,1604,1669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
FIG. 1. —
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF814D1F29BF1271FEBD2C77" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[231,366,1604,1621]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F29BF1271FEBD2C77" box="[231,366,1604,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Comactinia titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF814D1F282B1271FE762C77" box="[371,421,1604,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F28F41271FE6A2C77" bold="true" box="[428,441,1604,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F289B1271FE032C77" bold="true" box="[451,464,1604,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">B</emphasis>
, P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF814D1F28BF127BFE3C2C79" attach="left" box="[487,495,1614,1627]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1</subScript>
pinnule comb in aboral (
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2BE41271FD1A2C77" bold="true" box="[700,713,1604,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">A</emphasis>
) and lateral (
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2A6C1271FC922C77" bold="true" box="[820,833,1604,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">B</emphasis>
) views (MNHN EcCh 185);
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2D7B1271FBE22C77" bold="true" box="[1059,1073,1604,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">C</emphasis>
, cirrus (MNHN EcCh 186);
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F299D126FFF002C49" bold="true" box="[197,211,1626,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">D</emphasis>
, cirrus (MNHN EcCs 10234);
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2891126FFE062C49" bold="true" box="[457,469,1626,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">E</emphasis>
, portion of centrodorsal and base of one ray (with abnormal br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF814D1F2ABA1256FC292C52" attach="left" box="[994,1018,1635,1648]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">4+5</subScript>
on right arm) (MNHN EcCh 186);
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F299D125AFF362CA2" bold="true" box="[197,229,1647,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">F -H</emphasis>
, pinnules (MNHN EcCh 186);
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2886125AFE3A2CA2" bold="true" box="[478,489,1647,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">F</emphasis>
, P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF814D1F2B58124DFDC32CA7" attach="left" box="[512,528,1656,1669]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">14</subScript>
;
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2B42125AFDFB2CA2" bold="true" box="[538,552,1647,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">G</emphasis>
, P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF814D1F2B66124DFD952CA7" attach="left" box="[574,582,1656,1669]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">5</subScript>
;
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF814D1F2B08125AFD8D2CA2" bold="true" box="[592,606,1647,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">H</emphasis>
, P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF814D1F2B2D124DFDAE2CA7" attach="left" box="[629,637,1656,1669]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">1</subScript>
. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-H, 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D1829CF149EFF122847" blockId="4.[151,684,170,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">3.0; diameter 2.5-4.0 mm. One to several following brachials short, oblong; W/L 2.8-3.8. Following few brachials cuneate, becoming triangular with smooth, thickened distal margins concave in aboral view (with fine short tooth-like spines in the small specimen). Middle brachials short, triangular, with distal margins as in preceding brachials; W/L 2.8-4.1. Some arms of larger specimens distinctly wider in middle than at base, up to 5.0 mm across. Brachials becoming cuneate distally, proportionally not as short as middle brachials; lateral margins not as convex; distal margins neither concave nor thickened; W/L 1.5- 2.5.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D1829CF165EFD472E67" blockId="4.[151,684,170,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
First syzygy at br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182800164DFEAB28A9" attach="left" box="[344,376,632,651]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">3+4</subScript>
(br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D1828FB164DFE1128A9" attach="left" box="[419,450,632,651]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">4+5</subScript>
on one arm of large
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF864D1829CF16BFFF2A2886" box="[151,249,650,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); second chiefly at br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D1828B016ADFDCF2889" attach="left" box="[488,540,664,683]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">11+12</subScript>
, but varying from br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D1829B5168DFEDE28E9" attach="left" box="[237,269,696,715]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">8+9</subScript>
to br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182815168DFE5128E9" attach="left" box="[333,386,696,715]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">24+25</subScript>
. Following interval widely variable with no uniform pattern; chiefly 4-5 (rarely 3, 7 or 8) in small specimen. In the
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF864D182B2A16DEFF1A2906" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, second syzygies between br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182B5C172DFDF72909" attach="left" box="[516,548,792,811]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">8+9</subScript>
and br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182B2F172DFD7F2909" attach="right" box="[631,684,792,811]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">12+13</subScript>
chiefly followed by two to five intervals of 4-7 muscular articulations each, with intervals of chiefly 8-9 thereafter. In the large
<typeStatus id="1E58880DFF864D182B4E175FFDA529A6" box="[534,630,874,900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, two to three intervals following second syzygies at br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D1829F6178DFF3029E9" attach="left" box="[174,227,952,971]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">10+11</subScript>
or br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D18287A178DFE8529E9" attach="left" box="[290,342,952,971]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">11+12</subScript>
consist of four or five articulations and intervals of 6-10 thereafter. Intervals following a second syzygy at br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D1828BA17CDFDC52E29" attach="left" box="[482,534,1016,1035]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">23+24</subScript>
or br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182B0917CDFD552E29" attach="left" box="[593,646,1016,1035]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">24+25</subScript>
are chiefly 11-12; arm with br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D1828E6102DFE0E2E09" attach="left" box="[446,477,1048,1067]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">4+5</subScript>
followed by intervals of 17, 17, 8 and 12 muscular articulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D1829CF107EFF3D2CA7" blockId="4.[151,684,170,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
Proximal pinnules decreasing in length from P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182BF9106DFD782E49" attach="left" box="[673,683,1112,1131]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">1</subScript>
to P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D18299B104DFF1E2EA9" attach="left" box="[195,205,1144,1163]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">4</subScript>
or P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D18285A104DFEDF2EA9" attach="right" box="[258,268,1144,1163]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">5</subScript>
, robust proximally, slender and flagellate distally. P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D18286C10ADFEED2E89" attach="left" box="[308,318,1176,1195]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">1</subScript>
of up to 52 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182B1D10BEFD7F2E86" box="[581,684,1162,1189]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="33.4">33.4 mm</quantity>
long, with up to 13 low, separated, nonconfluent teeth with flat or rounded apical profiles; fully developed teeth often slightly displaced toward one lateral margin; two or three distal pinnulars with diminishing teeth, tapering to a terminal pinnular that lacks a tooth. Proximal pinnulars cylindrical (rounded rhombic in the small specimen), wider than long; middle segments cylindrical and about as long as wide; distal segments preceding comb slightly constricted with L/
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF864D182BC911FEFF122C27" degrees="1.5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="-1.5">W 1.5</geoCoordinate>
-1.7. Large specimens with all segments smooth. P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182850122DFEC12C09" attach="left" box="[264,274,1560,1579]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">1</subScript>
of small specimen with 32 segments and six teeth,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182874121EFE432C66" box="[300,400,1578,1605]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
long, with numerous very short spines on lateral margins of pinnulars facing arm tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D182B92149FFBA229E7" blockId="4.[714,1248,170,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182B82148DFD372AE9" attach="left" box="[730,740,184,203]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">2</subScript>
similar to P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182A2D148DFCAC2AE9" attach="left" box="[885,895,184,203]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">1</subScript>
, up to 51 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182D2E149EFB0C2AE6" box="[1142,1247,170,197]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="32.4">32.4 mm</quantity>
long, with up to 16 teeth; the longest segments preceding the comb shorter than in P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182D3914CDFBB82B29" attach="left" box="[1121,1131,248,267]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">1</subScript>
, L/
<geoCoordinate id="A4D75068FF864D182DCB14DEFB082B27" box="[1171,1243,235,261]" degrees="1.2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="-1.2">W 1.2</geoCoordinate>
. P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182B82152DFD372B09" attach="left" box="[730,740,280,299]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">2</subScript>
distinctly shorter than P
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182AA6152DFBF52B07" box="[1022,1062,267,299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="1.0">
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182AA6152DFBDB2B09" attach="left" box="[1022,1032,280,299]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">1</subScript>
in
</quantity>
small specimen. P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182B81150DFD302B69" attach="left" box="[729,739,312,331]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">3</subScript>
similar to P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182A36150DFCAB2B69" attach="left" box="[878,888,312,331]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">2</subScript>
but not quite as wide across the base, 44 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182AC6157EFBD42B46" box="[926,1031,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="26.9">26.9 mm</quantity>
, 15 teeth; proximal teeth short and flat-topped; more distal teeth rounded and proportionally taller than on preceding pinnules; distal three pinnulars tapering to point. P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182A7F15EDFCE22BC9" attach="left" box="[807,817,472,491]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">3</subScript>
on small specimen much shorter and less robust than P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182AC215CDFC772829" attach="right" box="[922,932,504,523]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">2</subScript>
, 18 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182D0D15DEFB602826" box="[1109,1203,490,517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
, six teeth (the first rudimentary). P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182D69162DFBE82809" attach="left" box="[1073,1083,536,555]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">4</subScript>
up to 36 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182A46161EFC582866" box="[798,907,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="21.5">21.5 mm</quantity>
, with 13 teeth (not including two rudimentary initial teeth); small specimen with P
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of 12 segments,
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long, no comb and with distal pinnulars compressed and longer than wide. P
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with or without comb in large specimens; comb-bearing P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182D5516EDFBC428C9" attach="left" box="[1037,1047,728,747]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">5</subScript>
of up to 28 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182A7A16DEFC422926" box="[802,913,746,773]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
, with eight teeth (including tapering final three pinnulars); P
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF864D182D69172DFBE82909" attach="left" box="[1073,1083,792,811]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">5</subScript>
without comb of up to 23 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182AE3171EFBF12966" box="[955,1058,810,837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
; proximal pinnulars short and cylindrical as in preceding pinnules; middle segments squarish; distal segments longer than wide, compressed and with fine spines on lateral margin facing arm tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D182B9217FEFC742F27" blockId="4.[714,1248,170,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
Middle pinnules longer than those immediately following oral pinnules, of up to 33 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182B92103EFCE52E06" box="[714,822,1034,1061]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="20.3">20.3 mm</quantity>
; basal few pinnulars short, following segments squarish with distal adambulacral margins thickened; distal segments slender and elongated, L/W to 2.4. Distal pinnules more slender than middle pinnules, up to 26 segments,
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182B92109EFCEA2EE6" box="[714,825,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
; pinnulars beyond basal few longer than wide; distal pinnulars in small specimen with L/W up to 3.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D182B92113EFB692F07" blockId="4.[714,1248,170,1509]" box="[714,1210,1290,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Mouth marginal; anus central; tegmen naked.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D182B92111EFC962FC7" blockId="4.[714,1248,170,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Color of rays (preserved) tan or pinkish tan with short bands of darker faded purple. Cirri and pinnules tan. One large specimen with distal cirrals dark brown; the other with the proximal parts of the rays faded purple. The small specimen is faded pink.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D182B92123FFC9F2C00" blockId="4.[714,1247,1546,1669]" box="[714,844,1546,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF864D192B92121EFD7028E6" blockId="4.[714,1247,1546,1669]" lastBlockId="5.[151,684,170,1669]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
At a maximum diameter of
<quantity id="061B9B4AFF864D182AA1121EFBEE2C66" box="[1017,1085,1578,1605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF864D182D11121FFB4F2C61" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[1097,1180,1578,1604]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF864D182D11121FFB4F2C61" box="[1097,1180,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF864D182DFB121FFB0C2C66" box="[1187,1247,1578,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has thicker, more massive arms than any other comasterid. The arms actually appear wider because the distance from the left side of one brachial to the right side of the succeeding brachial is slightly greater than the diameter of each brachial. The species is placed in
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1929CF151FFECE2B66" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,285,298,324]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1929CF151FFECE2B66" box="[151,285,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Comactinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it shares with the other two members of the genus –
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1928A0157FFE812BA7" authority="(Agassiz, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1928A0157FFD7F2B47" box="[504,684,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
(Agassiz, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1928CA155FFF332B87" authority="(Muller, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1928CA155FFDEE2BA7" box="[402,573,362,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. echinoptera</emphasis>
(Müller, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
– the following diagnostic features: 10 arms; IBr2 series joined by synarthry; first brachial syzygy at br
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; mouth excentric, and oral pinnule combs consisting of nonconfluent, often off-center, single teeth flattened along the pinnule axis.
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D192863161FFE442861" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[315,407,554,580]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D192863161FFE442861" box="[315,407,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF874D1928F9161FFE372866" box="[417,484,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also shares with
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1929CF167FFEEA2847" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,313,586,613]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1929CF167FFEEA2847" box="[151,313,586,613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
terminal oral pinnulars that taper to a point, and short cirrals of similar length, almost completely lacking any aboral ornamentation. The small specimen of
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D192B5E169FFDB228E1" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[518,609,682,708]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D192B5E169FFDB228E1" box="[518,609,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF874D192B33169FFD7028E6" box="[619,675,682,708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF874D1929CF16FEFE032EA7" blockId="5.[151,684,170,1669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
shares with some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1928A316FFFD4428C7" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[507,663,714,741]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1928A316FFFD4428C7" box="[507,663,714,741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. echinoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a weak, rudimentary aboral spine on the antepenultimate cirral (
<bibRefCitation id="A5724B5EFF874D19282F173EFDCD2907" author="MESSING C. G." box="[375,542,779,805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="49 - 80" refId="ref9232" refString="MESSING C. G. 1978. - A revision of the comatulid genus Comactinia A. H. Clark (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Bulletin of Marine Science 28: 49 - 80." type="journal article" year="1978">Messing 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A5724B5EFF874D192B75173EFE962967" author="MESSING C. G. &amp; DEARBORN J." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref9420" refString="MESSING C. G. &amp; DEARBORN J. 1990. - Marine Flora and Fauna of the northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Crinoidea. NOAA Technical Report, National Marine Fisheries Service No. 91, 33 p." type="book" year="1990">Messing &amp; Dearborn 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from its longer cirri with more numerous segments and strongly developed alternating articular tubercles, both of which may derive simply from its much greater size,
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D192994179FFEF229E1" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[204,289,938,964]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D192994179FFEF229E1" box="[204,289,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF874D192871179FFEB529E6" box="[297,358,938,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the other two in having the proximal segments of the oral pinnules smooth and cylindrical or rounded rhombic. In
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1929BF103FFE592E07" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[231,394,1034,1061]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1929BF103FFE592E07" box="[231,394,1034,1061]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these ossicles are spinose, rhombic and sometimes strongly projecting; in
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1929CF107FFEEA2E47" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,313,1098,1125]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinoptera">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1929CF107FFEEA2E47" box="[151,313,1098,1125]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. echinoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the basal pinnulars of the oral pinnules bear rounded keels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15C36AFFF874D1929CF10BEFE5E2CA7" blockId="5.[151,684,170,1669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
With the addition of
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1928DF10BFFE082E81" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[391,475,1162,1188]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1928DF10BFFE082E81" box="[391,475,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF874D1928BD10BFFDF72E86" box="[485,548,1162,1188]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D192B6A10BFFD7F2E86" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[562,684,1162,1188]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D192B6A10BFFD7F2E86" box="[562,684,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Comactinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes the only comasterid genus known from the tropical western regions of both Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D19281510DEFD7F2F27" authority="de Freminville, 1811" authorityName="de Freminville" authorityYear="1811" box="[333,684,1259,1285]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D19281510DEFE792F27" box="[333,426,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Antedon</emphasis>
de Freminville, 1811
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1929B5113EFDF52F07" authority="Norman, 1865" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1865" box="[237,550,1290,1317]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Antedonidae Norman, 1865</taxonomicName>
) is the only other comatulid genus known from shelf depths in both regions, but it is far more widespread, also occurring in European and West African waters. The possibility exists that
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D192B5911BFFD802F81" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[513,595,1418,1444]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D192B5911BFFD802F81" box="[513,595,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF874D192B0211BFFD462F86" box="[602,661,1418,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is convergent rather than congeneric with the two Atlantic species, especially given the relatively generalized features of the genus (i.e., 10 arms, excentric mouth, IBr2 with a synarthry, and first syzygy at br
<subScript id="5D6734EAFF874D19284D120DFEE62C69" attach="left" box="[277,309,1592,1611]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">3+4</subScript>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="06E34D2CFF874D1928E4121FFDDD2C61" authority="Messing, 2003" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2003" box="[444,526,1578,1604]" class="Crinoidea" family="Comasteridae" genus="Comactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="titan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F397EABDFF874D1928E4121FFDDD2C61" box="[444,526,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. titan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A457C6FF874D192B4E121FFD822C66" box="[534,593,1578,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
exhibits no characteristics that place it outside the genus as currently construed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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