359 lines
37 KiB
XML
359 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="3F3A5D6B23D45D5A49B6E5DE304B5B20" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.431.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13877123" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1727825735609" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bungartz, Frank, Elix, John A. & Printzen, Christian" docDate="2020" docId="F74787FDFF93FFE9FF08E1F7FDA0FE68" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.431.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 431 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.431.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Vainionora aemulans Kalb 1991" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="0B7EFF85FFDBFFA3FF80E710FF9AFFC7" masterDocTitle="Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1727831017995" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="070BDF13A32C1DB9FB15509E4A7BF510">
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<mods:title id="0C95F4A8A2F83D7AAA2E1A106862AF4B">Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="08A7D7214EE93DA6F1E9B6D79B708906" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7BD468EC58B3C133524E792EB63F480">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4C0322C5941DC102C1A5EA1CAF085189">Bungartz, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="91676A2413D6766EB3E9D90B9AC2D22F">Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 - 4108, USA; & Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador; & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador. frank. bungartz @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E8141614D80275F9A033D37FE848BED" type="email">frank.bungartz@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="EC6107199CDCA579789621B02F341E39" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4407551C445976AEFEDBF1D4653EAC49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BF689465B86F5856B9D965CB38C1DE61">Elix, John A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="670DCADA3C838F3E75CD231B37898C80">Research School of Chemistry, Building 137, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. john. elix @ anu. edu. au</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3390811336FA881982394BC3092C06C" type="email">john.elix@anu.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="85B3A77402829EAFFBCB3A847D91BF5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D7E65A7E1AD0393BA27DBDEAC68FCB39">Printzen, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CCF5ED953CA15B6F991840F861FC003B">Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 - 4108, USA; & Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Abteilung Botanik und Molekulare Evolutionsforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. christian. printzen @ senckenberg. de & Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 - 4108, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="50A2FDC5B87A8468637B02F3687C4779" type="email">christian.printzen@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EEB6B4304354244C4BE46FEF1A17115D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="152EEDB94B87498AC61B5A0B45A9DA2A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8E75FD258ED27C002E7440813683A18E">
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<mods:date id="141CC149308B77BF95D0776D62EFE2DB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA8005008D872A396D2D1D9D671F6544">2020-02-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6962F276C1AB2D77895FD3D9C6418F98">431</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="84F730FD2CEEA31AD04668F5E38A7ACA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.431.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="3E0ED501BE61060B761C378C9B05EE66">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B38256A085046E18F68C952E70CF7B9" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.431.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D6E15E7662831B49E41934381FA6AFA" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F74787FDFF93FFE9FF08E1F7FDA0FE68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F74787FDFF93FFE9FF08E1F7FDA0FE68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F74787FDFF93FFE9FF08E1F7FDA0FE68" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection id="37F46560FF93FFEBFF08E1F7FC13F8C6" box="[136,905,1767,1794]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF93FFEBFF08E1F7FC13F8C6" blockId="72.[136,1452,1767,1899]" box="[136,905,1767,1794]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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||
<heading id="24198187FF93FFEBFF08E1F7FC13F8C6" box="[136,905,1767,1794]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FFE11C5FF93FFEBFF08E1F7FC13F8C6" box="[136,905,1767,1794]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitation id="FE4F10FAFF93FFEBFF08E1F7FC99F8C6" author="Kalb, K." box="[136,771,1767,1794]" page=")" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1991">
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<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF93FFEBFF08E1F7FC99F8C6" ID-CoL="7F9ZT" authority="(Vain.) Kalb (1991: 3) MycoBank" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[136,771,1767,1794]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aemulans">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFF08E1F7FE1AF8C5" bold="true" box="[136,384,1767,1794]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Vainionora aemulans</emphasis>
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(Vain.)
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<bibRefCitation id="1B7F4B1AFF93FFEBFE5BE1F7FD1AF8C5" author="Kalb, K." box="[475,640,1767,1794]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref84648" refString="Kalb, K. (1991) Lichenes Neotropici, ausgegeben von Klaus Kalb. Fascikel XII (No. 476 - 525). Neumarkt. 16 pp." type="book" year="1991">Kalb (1991: 3)</bibRefCitation>
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MycoBank
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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no. 362888
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37F46560FF93FFE9FF08E01EFDA0FE68" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF93FFEBFF08E01EFF67F880" blockId="72.[136,1452,1767,1899]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFF08E01EFF20F8E4" bold="true" box="[136,186,1806,1827]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Type</emphasis>
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:—
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<materialsCitation id="CF863CB6FF93FFEBFF59E01EFF63F880" collectorName="Vainio, E. A." country="Brazil" location="Carassa" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="07F9767BFF93FFEBFF59E01EFEB4F8E4" box="[217,302,1806,1827]" name="Brazil" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
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.
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<smallCapsWord id="79B7A037FF93FFEBFEBBE01FFEEDF8E5" baselines="1823,1822" box="[315,375,1807,1828]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Minas" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">MINAS</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="79B7A037FF93FFEBFEFEE01EFE5EF8E3" baselines="1822,1824" box="[382,452,1806,1828]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Geraes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">GERAËS</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFE51E01EFDBEF8E3" bold="true" box="[465,548,1806,1828]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<location id="7A316030FF93FFEBFE51E01EFDBEF8E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F74787FDFF93FFE9FF08E1F7FDA0FE68:7A316030FF93FFEBFE51E01EFDBEF8E3" box="[465,548,1806,1828]" country="Brazil" name="Carassa" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Carassa</location>
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</emphasis>
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, 1885,
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFDECE01FFC92F8E3" box="[620,776,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<collectorName id="D21B533DFF93FFEBFDECE01FFD7AF8E3" box="[620,736,1807,1828]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Vainio, E.A.</collectorName>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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[= Lich. Bras. Exs. 1380] (Tur-V 5612–
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<typeStatus id="A0558849FF93FFEBFB0DE01EFB7FF8E3" box="[1165,1253,1806,1828]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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selected by Kalb, in herb.)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF93FFEBFF08E045FE90F8AD" blockId="72.[136,1452,1767,1899]" box="[136,266,1877,1899]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E7D52A6EFF93FFEBFF0FE045FE99F8AD" box="[143,259,1877,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="73.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,759,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-275@73.[150,1434,757,1830]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 20. Species of Vainionora. A–B. Thallus variation of Vainionora aemulans. A. Granular-leproid thallus growing on smooth bark of Zanthoxylon (Aptroot, A. 65060, CDS 31642). B. Granular-leproid thallus growing on coarse basalt lava (Aptroot, A. 65170, CDS 31754). C–D. Vainionora nugrae (Nugra, F. 279, CDS 33195–holotype). C. Thallus coarsely granular, pale yellowish green, with crenate lecanorine apothecia with blackened disc covered in a fine yellowish green pruina. D. Apothecial section (in water, DIC): exciple with large crystals only; epihymenium yellowish brown, lacking crystals; subhymenium well developed, distinctly yellowish brown. Scales: A, B & C = 5 mm; D =100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13877173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13877173/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF93FFEAFF08E087FE9EFF38" blockId="72.[136,1452,1943,2076]" lastBlockId="73.[136,1452,158,748]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFF08E087FF46F876" box="[136,220,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Thallus</emphasis>
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corticolous or lignicolous (possibly also saxicolous, see comments below), leproid, almost entirely composed of coarse, granular soredia which develop on the surface of a thin ±contiguous, whitish, membranaceous
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFAB9E0ABFA31F812" box="[1337,1451,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">prothallus</emphasis>
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over a discolored, ±blackened substrate;
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF93FFEBFDD3E0CEFD2FF83F" box="[595,693,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">granules</emphasis>
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pseudocorticate, yellowish green to pale greenish beige, somewhat paler where eroded, coarse [±equal in size, (43–)57–71(–114) µm in diam., irregularly aggregating], usually forming a moderately thickened, granular verrucose crust or, if particularly well developed, granules becoming branched, coralloid and forming a thick, secondary, rimose-areolate crust.
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFCE9E7D1FC41FF1C" box="[873,987,193,219]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Apothecia</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFB97E7D1FBEDFF1C" box="[1047,1143,193,219]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">pycnidia</emphasis>
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not seen in the
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<collectingRegion id="BD2AF809FF92FFEAFAB5E7D1FA31FF1C" box="[1333,1451,193,219]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF92FFEAFF3DE618FB44FEAE" blockId="73.[136,1452,158,748]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF3DE618FEAAFEE5" box="[189,304,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Chemistry</emphasis>
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: Thallus cortex P+ yellow, K+ yellow, KC+ orange, C+ orange, UV+ deep to bright orange; with atranorin [major], thuringione [major], arthothelin [minor], 3-
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFCBEE63BFCC8FE82" box="[830,850,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">O</emphasis>
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-methylthiophanic acid [minor]; [specimens analyzed with TLC:
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE84E65FFE56FEAF" box="[260,460,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Bungartz, F. 4017</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF92FFEAFE5BE65EFD89FEAF" box="[475,531,334,360]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
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27947);
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFDF8E65FFCA5FEAF" box="[632,831,334,361]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Aptroot, A. 65707</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF92FFEAFCCEE65EFC1CFEAF" box="[846,902,334,360]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
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32299),
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC6AE65EFBAAFEAF" box="[1002,1072,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">65170</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF92FFEAFBBFE65EFBEDFEAF" box="[1087,1143,334,360]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
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31754)].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF92FFEAFF3DE661FBEDFE15" blockId="73.[136,1452,158,748]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF3DE661FE45FE4C" box="[189,479,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ecology and Distribution</emphasis>
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: Pantropical; first reported from the
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<collectingRegion id="BD2AF809FF92FFEAFC0BE661FB9BFE4C" box="[907,1025,369,395]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="1B7F4B1AFF92FFEAFBB0E662FAA8FE4B" author="Bungartz, F. & Hillmann, G. & Klaus, K. & Elix, J. A." box="[1072,1330,369,396]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref83329" refString="Bungartz, F., Hillmann, G., Klaus, K. & Elix, J. A. (2013) Leprose and leproid lichens of the Galapagos, with a particular focus on Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Septotrapelia (Pilocarpaceae). Phytotaxa 150 (1): 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 150.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Bungartz
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFB20E662FB41FE4C" box="[1184,1243,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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; occurring in the humid and transition zones, on the bark of native trees and shrubs (
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<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFC4CE685FBC4FE68" box="[972,1118,405,431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC4CE685FBC4FE68" box="[972,1118,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Zanthoxylum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFBEEE685FB61FE68" box="[1134,1275,405,431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Heliotropiaceae" genus="Tournefortia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFBEEE685FB61FE68" box="[1134,1275,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Tournefortia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), in ±shaded to sheltered as well as sunny, exposed habitats; possibly also on rock (see comments below).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF92FFEAFF3DE6CCFB4CFD98" blockId="73.[136,1452,158,748]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF3DE6CCFF67FE32" box="[189,253,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Notes</emphasis>
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: All the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD2AF809FF92FFEAFEF0E6CBFE7CFE32" box="[368,486,475,501]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens examined lack apothecia but are chemically identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFA98E6CCFA3EFE32" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[1304,1444,475,501]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aemulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFA98E6CCFA3EFE32" box="[1304,1444,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">V. aemulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, only the corticolous collections could be identified with certainty. The two saxicolous specimens were previously tentatively identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFD9AE532FC72FDFB" authority="Ach. (Bungartz et al. 2011)" box="[538,1000,545,572]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Lecanora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="expallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFD9AE532FD3EFDFC" box="[538,676,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">L. expallens</emphasis>
|
||
Ach. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B7F4B1AFF92FFEAFD71E532FC7AFDFB" author="Bungartz, F. & Ziemmeck, F. & Yanez-Ayabaca Ayabaca, A. & Nugra, F. & Aptroot, A." box="[753,992,545,572]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refId="ref83455" refString="Bungartz, F., Ziemmeck, F., Yanez-Ayabaca Ayabaca, A., Nugra, F. & Aptroot, A. (2011) CDF Checklist of Galapagos Lichenized Fungi. In: Bungartz, F., Herrera, H., Jaramillo, P., Tirado, N., Jimenez-Uzcategui, G., Ruiz, D., Guezou, A. & Ziemmeck, F. (Eds.) Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist. Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / ecological-groups / lichens / (Last updated 29 September 2016)" type="url" year="2011">
|
||
Bungartz
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFCE2E532FC06FDFC" box="[866,924,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These specimens have more exuberant thalli composed of ±coralloid granules, more similar to a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFC8CE555FC00FD98" box="[780,922,581,607]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Leprocaulaceae" genus="Leprocaulon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC8CE555FC00FD98" box="[780,922,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Leprocaulon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFBC8E555FB54FD98" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[1096,1230,581,607]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aemulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFBC8E555FB54FD98" box="[1096,1230,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">V. aemulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF92FFEAFF3DE578FE1AFD2B" blockId="73.[136,1452,158,748]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF3DE578FD04FD45" bold="true" box="[189,670,615,642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF3DE578FECDFD46" bold="true" box="[189,343,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="96304E67FF92FFEAFF3DE578FEA2FD45" box="[189,312,616,642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Specimens</collectingCounty>
|
||
of
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFEDEE578FE6AFD45" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[350,496,616,642]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="aemulans">V. aemulans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE77E578FD0DFD45" bold="true" box="[503,663,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56A95782FF92FFEAFE77E578FDB7FD45" box="[503,557,616,642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; on bark
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07F9767BFF92FFEAFD26E578FCB7FD45" box="[678,813,616,642]" name="Ecuador" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD2AF809FF92FFEAFCBCE578FC23FD45" box="[828,953,616,642]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">GALÁPAGOS</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC48E578FB4FFD45" bold="true" box="[968,1237,615,642]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Isabela, Volcán Alcedo</emphasis>
|
||
, outer SE-exposed slope and crater rim, 0˚27’29”
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF92FFEAFE55E59BFE7FFD61" box="[469,485,651,678]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
, 91˚7’19”W,
|
||
<quantity id="B8169B0EFF92FFEAFDF8E59BFD51FD61" box="[632,715,651,678]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.089" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="1089.0">1089 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., humid zone, tortoise pasture with scattered trees (
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFA9FE59BFE8BFD0F" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFA9FE59BFF2DFD0F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Heliotropiaceae" genus="Tournefortia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufo">Tournefortia rufo</taxonomicName>
|
||
-sericea
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFE9FE5BEFD99FD0F" box="[287,515,686,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fagara">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE9FE5BEFD99FD0F" box="[287,515,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Zanthoxylum fagara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), on bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFD15E5BEFCBDFD0F" box="[661,807,686,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFD15E5BEFCBDFD0F" box="[661,807,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Zanthoxylum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="0B50102BFF92FFEAFCB5E5BEFC25FD0E" box="[821,959,686,713]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2006-03-05">5-Mar-2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC4AE5BFFB0BFD0F" box="[970,1169,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Aptroot, A. 65060</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF92FFEAFB20E5BEFB42FD0F" box="[1184,1240,686,712]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
|
||
31642);
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFABEE5BFFF46FD2B" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Bungartz, F. 4017</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF92FFEAFF6AE5C2FEB8FD2B" box="[234,290,722,748]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
|
||
27947).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2B916663FF92FFEAFF08E02CFE22F83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13877173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13877173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13877173/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[136,229,1852,1874]" targetBox="[151,1433,759,1829]" targetPageId="73" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF92FFEAFF08E02CFE22F83C" blockId="73.[136,1452,1852,2044]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF08E02CFE93F896" bold="true" box="[136,265,1852,1874]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFE00E02DFE71F895" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" box="[384,491,1853,1874]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE00E02DFE71F895" box="[384,491,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Vainionora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE79E02CFDB1F896" bold="true" box="[505,555,1852,1873]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
Thallus variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFD7EE02DFC57F896" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[766,973,1852,1874]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aemulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFD7EE02DFC57F896" box="[766,973,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Vainionora aemulans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC5BE02CFC69F896" bold="true" box="[987,1011,1852,1873]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Granular-leproid thallus growing on smooth bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFF52E04EFED0F8B4" box="[210,330,1886,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF52E04EFED0F8B4" box="[210,330,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Zanthoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFED8E04EFD99F8B4" box="[344,515,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Aptroot, A. 65060</emphasis>
|
||
, CDS 31642).
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFD13E04EFD33F8B4" bold="true" box="[659,681,1886,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Granular-leproid thallus growing on coarse basalt lava (
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFB46E04EFAEBF8B4" box="[1222,1393,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Aptroot, A. 65170</emphasis>
|
||
, CDS 31754).
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFF58E06FFE96F852" bold="true" box="[216,268,1919,1941]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C–D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF92FFEAFE92E090FE5DF852" authorityName="Bungartz & Elix" authorityYear="2020" box="[274,455,1920,1941]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nugrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE92E090FE5DF852" box="[274,455,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Vainionora nugrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFE54E090FDC3F853" box="[468,601,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Nugra, F. 279</emphasis>
|
||
, CDS 33195–holotype).
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFCC9E06FFCFAF852" bold="true" box="[841,864,1919,1941]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Thallus coarsely granular, pale yellowish green, with crenate lecanorine apothecia with blackened disc covered in a fine yellowish green pruina.
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFC37E0B1FC54F871" bold="true" box="[951,974,1953,1974]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Apothecial section (in water, DIC): exciple with large crystals only; epihymenium yellowish brown, lacking crystals; subhymenium well developed, distinctly yellowish brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF92FFEAFAE6E0D2FA3FF81F" bold="true" box="[1382,1445,1986,2008]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Scales</emphasis>
|
||
: A, B & C = 5 mm; D =100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F5136EBFF91FFE9FF3DE78EFDA0FE68" blockId="74.[136,1452,157,431]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FF3DE78EFD1CFF7F" bold="true" box="[189,646,157,184]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FF3DE78EFECDFF70" bold="true" box="[189,343,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="96304E67FF91FFE9FF3DE78EFEA2FF7F" box="[189,312,158,184]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Specimens</collectingCounty>
|
||
of
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FEDEE78EFE75FF7F" authorityName="Kalb" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[350,495,158,184]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Vainionora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="aemulans">V. aemulans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FE75E78DFDE5FF7F" bold="true" box="[501,639,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56A95782FF91FFE9FE75E78DFD8FFF7F" box="[501,533,157,184]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; on rock
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07F9767BFF91FFE9FD0DE78EFC8EFF7F" box="[653,788,158,184]" name="Ecuador" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD2AF809FF91FFE9FCA3E78EFC3AFF7F" box="[803,928,158,184]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">GALÁPAGOS</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FC2FE78DFB8DFF70" bold="true" box="[943,1047,157,183]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Santiago</emphasis>
|
||
, summit of Cerro Gavilan, inner N- and NE-exposed crater rim, 0˚12’20”
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF91FFE9FDB2E7D0FDD8FF1C" box="[562,578,192,219]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
, 90˚47’3”W,
|
||
<quantity id="B8169B0EFF91FFE9FD5CE7D1FCBFFF1C" box="[732,805,193,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="840.0">840 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., humid zone, N- and NE-exposed, steep basalt cliffs of crater rim with ferns (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FE2EE7F5FC2EFF39" authority="var. calomelanos" box="[430,948,228,255]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pityrogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="calomelanos" variety="calomelanos">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FE2EE7F5FD73FF39" box="[430,745,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Pityrogramma calomelanos</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FCA6E7F4FC2EFF39" box="[806,948,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">calomelanos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FC46E7F4FB3FFF39" box="[966,1189,228,254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FC46E7F4FB3FFF39" box="[966,1189,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Polypodium tridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FB37E7F5FA3FFF39" box="[1207,1445,228,254]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Doryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FB37E7F5FA3FFF39" box="[1207,1445,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Doryopteris palmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FF08E617FEE3FEE6" box="[136,377,263,289]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concinnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FF08E617FEE3FEE6" box="[136,377,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Adiantum concinnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FE08E617FD04FEE6" box="[392,670,263,289]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FE08E617FD04FEE6" box="[392,670,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Blechnum polypodioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) growing in crevices, on lava rock,
|
||
<date id="0B50102BFF91FFE9FBBDE617FB4FFEE6" box="[1085,1237,263,289]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2006-03-23">23-Mar-2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FB61E618FA31FEE6" box="[1249,1451,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Aptroot, A. 65707</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF91FFE9FF10E63BFF52FE82" box="[144,200,299,325]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
|
||
32299).
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FEB7E63BFDD4FE83" bold="true" box="[311,590,298,325]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Isabela, Volcán Alcedo</emphasis>
|
||
, outer E-exposed slope just below the crater rim, 0˚25’17”
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF91FFE9FA94E63AFABEFE82" box="[1300,1316,298,325]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
, 91˚5’8”W,
|
||
<quantity id="B8169B0EFF91FFE9FF08E65EFF41FEAF" box="[136,219,334,360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.077" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1077.0">1077 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., humid zone, basalt outcrops, SE-exposed slope with scattered shrubs of
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FBA8E65EFAD9FEAF" box="[1064,1347,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FBA8E65EFB73FEAF" box="[1064,1257,334,360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Heliotropiaceae" genus="Tournefortia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufo">Tournefortia rufo</taxonomicName>
|
||
-sericea
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FAD0E65EFF70FE4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FAD0E65EFF70FE4C" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Opuntia insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FF77E662FE76FE4C" box="[247,492,369,395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peduncularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FF77E662FE76FE4C" box="[247,492,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lantana peduncularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and occasional trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8EE4D68FF91FFE9FD73E661FC4CFE4C" box="[755,982,369,395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fagara">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FD73E661FC4CFE4C" box="[755,982,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Zanthoxylum fagara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among basalt rubble, on lava rock,
|
||
<date id="0B50102BFF91FFE9FADDE661FF59FE69" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2006-03-08">8-Mar- 2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4D9AEAF9FF91FFE9FF4EE685FE0FFE69" box="[206,405,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Aptroot, A. 65170</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="19FFAE2EFF91FFE9FE24E684FE46FE69" box="[420,476,404,430]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
|
||
31754).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |