185 lines
22 KiB
XML
185 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A166B23EEE8184AB6CCE5BEC304B6D36">Phalangeridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AE0AD6546DAFF3F51E3DAE776DF766AB">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C52D17698A4400E35DCC96606C72C8CC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="AD2AB81D8CCDA2086B82A94C27372939">2015</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8D1C489C33FA4023268788E1BD18BA48" type="pubDate">2015-06-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="1ABBFA1C9A789F4F0961807756487322">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="17D80A648B53C100370707AD83139B7C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="416B2195B1438235DF0DCB3043815142">
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<mods:title id="1205A0108C8BF84308F413E4244FF7BB">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5 Monotremes and Marsupials</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D344591F5336070226C6FA7D1D91FD7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620411" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195958992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D344591F5336070226C6FA7D1D91FD7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D344591F5336070226C6FA7D1D91FD7C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070526C6FA7D1AE4FA07" box="[1449,1506,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C6FA7D1AE4FA07" blockId="11.[1447,2241,1452,1546]" box="[1449,1506,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<heading id="001A5F655336070526C6FA7D1AE4FA07" box="[1449,1506,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<figureCitation id="C3D6F48C5336070526C6FA7D1AE4FA07" box="[1449,1506,1452,1502]" captionStart="Plate 27: Phalangeridae" captionStartId="13.[109,139,3459,3480]" captionTargetBox="[12,2741,13,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="11. Peleng Cuscus (Phalanger pelengensus), 12. Moluccan Cuscus (Phalanger ornatus), 13. Gebe Cuscus (Phalanger alexandrae), 14. Obi Cuscus (Phalanger rothschildi), 15. Ground Cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis), 16. Woodlark Cuscus (Phalanger lullulae), 17. Northern Common Cuscus (Phalanger orientalis), 18. Eastern Common Cuscus (Phalanger intercastellanus), 19. Southern Common Cuscus (Phalanger mimicus), 20. Telefomin Cuscus (Phalanger matanim), 21. Stein’s Cuscus (Phalanger vestitus), 22. Silky Cuscus (Phalanger sericeus), 23. Mountain Cuscus (Phalanger carmelitae), 24. Black Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus rufoniger), 25. Waigeo Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus papuensis), 26. Admiralty Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus kraemeri), 27. Blue-eyed Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus wilsoni), 28. Common Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus), 29. Australian Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus nudicaudatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657492/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">22.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB8253360705269CFA7D19E9FA07" box="[1523,1775,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="5B52E80953360705269CFA7D19E9FA07" blockId="11.[1447,2241,1452,1546]" box="[1523,1775,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<heading id="001A5F6553360705269CFA7D19E9FA07" box="[1523,1775,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<vernacularName id="D5EE982753360705269CFA7D19E9FA07" box="[1523,1775,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Silky Cuscus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533607052459FA7D177DFA07" box="[1846,2171,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052459FA7D177DFA07" blockId="11.[1447,2241,1452,1546]" box="[1846,2171,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<heading id="001A5F65533607052459FA7D177DFA07" box="[1846,2171,1452,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052459FA7D177DFA07" ID-CoL="4FR64" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[1846,2171,1452,1502]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sericeus">
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<emphasis id="6999341B533607052459FA7D177DFA07" box="[1846,2171,1452,1502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Phalanger sericeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070526C8FA2117C6F9DC" box="[1447,2240,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C8FA2117C6F9DC" blockId="11.[1447,2241,1452,1546]" box="[1447,2240,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<heading id="001A5F655336070526C8FA2117C6F9DC" box="[1447,2240,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="6999341B5336070526C8FA211AF5F9DC" bold="true" box="[1447,1523,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE9827533607052692FA2119AAF9DC" box="[1533,1708,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Phalanger soyeux</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="6999341B5336070525AFFA21181DF9DC" bold="true" box="[1728,1819,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE982753360705244BFA2118A8F9DC" box="[1828,1966,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Seidenkuskus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="6999341B5336070524ACFA211719F9DC" bold="true" box="[1987,2079,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE9827533607052B47FA2117C6F9DC" box="[2088,2240,1520,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Cuscus sedoso</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533607052B64F9EB1753F9A2" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052B64F9EB1753F9A2" blockId="11.[2059,2653,1594,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="6999341B533607052B64F9EB17A0F98A" bold="true" box="[2059,2214,1594,1619]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052BA8F9EB1756F9A2" ID-CoL="4FR64" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sericeus">Phalanger sericeus Thomas, 1907</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533607052B08F98F176DF913" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052B08F98F176DF913" blockId="11.[2059,2653,1594,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<materialsCitation id="EB85E254533607052B08F98F176DF913" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3813123308" elevation="6000" location="Owgarra" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="S. E. New Guinea">
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“
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<location id="5E32BED2533607052B1CF98F17E8F9A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D344591F5336070226C6FA7D1D91FD7C:5E32BED2533607052B1CF98F17E8F9A2" box="[2163,2286,1630,1659]" name="Owgarra" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" stateProvince="S. E. New Guinea">Owgarra</location>
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,
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<location id="5E32BED2533607052A6DF98F16F9F9A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D344591F5336070226C6FA7D1D91FD7C:5E32BED2533607052A6DF98F16F9F9A2" box="[2306,2559,1630,1659]" name="Angabunga River" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" stateProvince="S. E. New Guinea">Angabunga River</location>
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(
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<locationDeviation id="4AE0F12B533607052975F98F17DDF97B" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">near the Aroa River</locationDeviation>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="992926EB533607052B9DF95416DDF97B" box="[2290,2523,1669,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">S.E. New Guinea</collectingRegion>
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. Altitude 6000.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533607052B64F90116C6F928" box="[2059,2496,1744,1777]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052B64F90116C6F928" blockId="11.[2059,2653,1594,2013]" box="[2059,2496,1744,1777]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Two subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533607052B63F92A1716F7F5" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<caption id="0F92B881533607052B63F92A1716F7F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657463/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" targetBox="[1444,2035,1597,2012]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052B63F92A169DF8C1" blockId="11.[2059,2653,1594,2013]" box="[2060,2459,1787,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="6999341B533607052B63F92A169DF8C1" bold="true" box="[2060,2459,1787,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052B63F8F2169AF8BE" blockId="11.[2059,2653,1594,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052B63F8F21676F899" authority="Thomas, 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[2060,2416,1827,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sericeus" subSpecies="sericeus">P.s. sericeus Thomas, 1907</taxonomicName>
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— E New Guinea Central Range (E of 143°E).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533607052B63F8A7177CF804" blockId="11.[2059,2653,1594,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">P s. occidentalis Menzies & Pernetta, 1986 — W New Guinea Central Range (W of 143°E).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C9F8351716F7F5" blockId="11.[1446,2654,2020,3471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">An additional isolated population was recently documented on the outlying volcanic peak of Mt Bosavi in SC Papua New Guinea.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070526C8F7E21660F66F" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C8F7E21660F66F" blockId="11.[1446,2654,2020,3471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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Descriptive notes. Head-body 37-5—46 cm,tail 27-32 cm; weight 1.7-2.4 kg. The Silky Cuscusis a medium-sized cuscus (condylobasal length 70-85 mm). It can be identified by a combination of very thick, dark, silky fur; a smooth tail; small, conical third premolar; absent upper second premolar; and only one or two lower unicuspids. These features help to distinguish the Silky Cuscus from the Mountain Cuscus (
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052ACDF701154AF728" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[2466,2636,2256,2289]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmelitae">P. carmelitae</taxonomicName>
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), with which it is most easily confused, and Stein’s Cuscus (
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052BBFF6D11650F6C0" box="[2256,2390,2304,2329]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestitus">P. vestitus</taxonomicName>
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), with which it was taxonomically confused in the past. Externally, the Silky Cuscus and the Mountain Cuscus can be distinguished most easily by the tail, which is not tuberculated in the Silky Cuscus (strongly so in the Mountain Cuscus) and has a short white tip if present at all (usually longer, prominent, white tip in the Mountain Cuscus).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070526C8F66C161BF4C0" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C8F66C161BF4C0" blockId="11.[1446,2654,2020,3471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Habitat. Most primary montane forests along the Central Range at elevations of c.1500 m to the tree line at ¢.3900 m. The Silky Cuscus is uncommon in primary oak forest in the Telefomin region at elevations of ¢.1500 m, where it is sympatric with the Ground Cuscus, the Telefomin Cuscus, the Mountain Cuscus, and Stein’s Cuscus. In more disturbed forests, such as on Mount Albert Edward, the Silky Cuscus appears to be restricted to a higher elevation of ¢.2000 m, where it is sympatric with the Mountain Cuscus. In this region, the Silky Cuscus is most common at elevations of 2900-3100 m. Due to their adaptation to higher elevations where they naturally occur, Silky Cuscuses appear to readily suffer heat stress if moved to lower elevations.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070526C8F4CE19ADF38D" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C8F4CE19ADF38D" blockId="11.[1446,2654,2020,3471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="6999341B5336070526C8F4CE19A9F499" bold="true" box="[1447,1711,2847,2880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Silky Cuscus appears to be mostly folivorous, with more than 90% of its diet being leaves and the remainder fruits. Genera of plants eaten by Silky Cuscuses include
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052591F4BF173AF456" box="[1790,2108,2926,2959]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Acronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acronychia (Rutaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052B3EF4BF16FEF456" box="[2129,2552,2926,2959]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052963F4BF19C3F46F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" genus="Eurya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eurya (Pentaphylacaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5336070525B2F4441717F46F" box="[1757,2065,2965,2998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Garcinia (Clusiaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052B48F4441635F46F" box="[2087,2355,2965,2998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Litsea (Lauraceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052A26F4441917F407" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Planchonella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Planchonella (Sapotaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A53360705254CF46C18BFF407" box="[1571,1977,3005,3038]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5336070524A5F46C17FDF407" box="[1994,2299,3005,3038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052A20F46C1AD1F3DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trema (Cannabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Leaves of regrowth plants and fruit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052B77F4391694F3DC" box="[2072,2450,3048,3077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina (Casuarinaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052A8AF4391984F3F5" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Cordyline" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cordyline (Asparagaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also eaten; leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533607052B66F3DE1672F3F5" box="[2057,2420,3087,3116]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus (Pandanaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
are masticated and fiber spat out.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070526C8F38B155EF32B" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070526C8F38B155EF32B" blockId="11.[1446,2654,2020,3471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Breeding. Limited observations of breeding characteristics of Silky Cuscuses include a single pouch young recorded in December, another female with a single enlarged nipple in December, and a female with a young on her back in December. Two females were observed in late April with single young on their backs, weighing 740 g and 910 g.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB825336070226C9F3291C34FEB0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="11" pageNumber="492" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E8095336070226C9F3291C34FEB0" blockId="11.[1446,2654,2020,3471]" lastBlockId="12.[101,1309,289,679]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="11" pageNumber="492">Activity patterns. The Silky Cuscus is nocturnal and rests during the day in hollows of large rainforest trees. There are reports of them nesting on the ground among stones and in tree stumps. Field observations showed that male Mountain Cuscuses used up to 22 dens/year that were spaced an average of 97 m apart; a radio-collared female used nine dens in 61 days. During the night, Silky Cuscuses spend ¢.50% oftheir time eating, ¢.25% resting, and the remainder traveling.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533107022309FEA11C22FE06" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533107022309FEA11C22FE06" blockId="12.[101,1309,289,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533107022309FEA11C2EFE48" bold="true" box="[102,808,368,401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Male Silky Cuscuses travel an average of 50 m/h. When captured, Silky Cuscuses can emit a loud barking snarl; another call resembles crying of a very young human baby.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533107022308FE371D59FD8F" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533107022308FE371D59FD8F" blockId="12.[101,1309,289,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533107022308FE371EC3FDDE" bold="true" box="[103,453,486,519]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Silky Cuscus has a wide distribution and presumably a large overall population. It is threatened especially by hunting for food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533107022308FDB51D91FD7C" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533107022308FDB51D91FD7C" blockId="12.[101,1309,289,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Bibliography. Flannery (1994a, 1995a), Leary, Singadan, Menzies, Helgen, Wright, Allison, Hamilton, Aplin et al. (2008), Menzies & Pernetta (1986), Salas (2002).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |