228 lines
21 KiB
XML
228 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.29765" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a60b233-666c-431e-9576-d47af1beb5c8" ID-PMC="PMC6331515" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-813-21" ID-PubMed="30647524" ID-ZBK="" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-813-21" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 813" ModsDocTitle="The first stygobiont species of Coleoptera from Portugal, with a molecular phylogeny of the Siettitia group of genera (Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini, Siettitiina)" checkinTime="1546956041517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ribera, Ignacio & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S." docDate="2019" docId="D391759AB3F10C22B409B56E70E1B53B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 813: 21-38" docOrigin="ZooKeys 813" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.29765" docTitle="Iberoporus pluto Ribera & Reboleira, 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="A761C504FFD03669273D256F4730FF93" masterDocTitle="The first stygobiont species of Coleoptera from Portugal, with a molecular phylogeny of the Siettitia group of genera (Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini, Siettitiina)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668166699196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The first stygobiont species of Coleoptera from Portugal, with a molecular phylogeny of the Siettitia group of genera (Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini, Siettitiina)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ribera, Ignacio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>813</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>38</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.29765</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.29765</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-813-21</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125931" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F0A115A-F9F0-4AE5-95BC-E4E918FA04BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D391759AB3F10C22B409B56E70E1B53B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3F0A115A-F9F0-4AE5-95BC-E4E918FA04BB" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus pluto" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">Iberoporus pluto</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="24">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 2, 3, 4, 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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Portugal, Penela, Gruta Soprador do Carvalho (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.983334">39°59'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-8.383333">8°23'W</geoCoordinate>
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) (Fig. 6).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="25" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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Holotype female (NHMD) Portugal, Penela, Gruta Soprador do Carvalho, ASPS Reboleira leg., 24.X.2014, with red holotype label and DNA voucher label
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“IBE-AN151”">"IBE-AN151"</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="26" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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A blind and depigmented species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iberoporus</taxonomicName>
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, larger and wider than the other subterranean species of the genus, with a cordiform pronotum without lateral stria, less prominent constriction between pronotum and elytra and with a more transverse pronotum. Appendages longer and more slender, especially antennae and pro- and mesotibiae. Male unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Body length 2.8 mm, maximum width 1.1 mm. Habitus: Body elongate, strongly parallel-sided (including pronotum and head) (Fig. 2), flattened in lateral view (Fig. 3a); in dorsal view lateral outline with a slight discontinuity between posterior angles of pronotum and base of elytra. Body and appendages uniformly pale orange (cuticle appears translucent after DNA extraction due to digestion of soft tissue).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 2. Habitus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus pluto" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">Iberoporus pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., dorsal view (holotype, after DNA extraction). Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus pluto" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">Iberoporus pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. a Lateral view (scale bar, 1 mm) b Detail of the sensory setae of pronotum and elytra (both previous to DNA extraction).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Head (Fig. 2): Wide, anterior margin almost perfectly semicircular, deeply encased in pronotum, with two lateral dark scars in place of eyes; surface smooth, with very sparse small shallow punctures, surface weakly micro-reticulated, stronger on margins, glabrous. Antennae with ovoid pedicel, distal antennomeres conical, more elongate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Pronotum (Figs 2, 3): Cordiform, margins sinuated, anterior part slightly wider than head, posterior part narrower than head and base of elytra; anterior margin more or less straight (except angles), angles strongly acute; posterior margin sinuated, angles acute; sides without rim, anterior margin with transverse depression with irregular row of large punctures; posterior margin with some sparse large punctures very loosely forming a row. Pronotum without sublateral stria on each side, with only a slight depression and very irregular row of larger punctures. Surface smooth, with fine shallow punctures denser on disk, with very fine microreticulation, stronger near margins, cells not contiguous; centre of disc with small longitudinal rectangular mark. Pronotum with long lateral sensorial setae (Fig. 3b).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Elytra (Figs 2, 3): almost parallel-sided on basal 2/3, apical third regularly acuminate. Sides of elytra with weak rim, not visible from above. In lateral view margin of elytra almost straight, only very weakly ascending to humeral angle in anterior quarter; epipleuron not visible until shoulders. Surface with same structure as on pronotum, with very sparse larger punctures; larger punctures forming very loose and irregular lines on elytra; more distinct near to suture and on disk. With long sensorial setae on margins (Fig. 3b). Without traces of hind wings.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Ventral surface (Fig. 4): Uniformly pale, colour similar to dorsal surface. Prosternal process lanceolate, apex acuminate; not reaching anteromedial metaventral process. Epipleuron becoming narrower short before mid-length, without oblique carina near shoulder. Metepisternum more or less triangular in shape. Metacoxal lines obsolete; joint hind margin of metacoxal processes incised; lobes of processes rounded.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus pluto" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">Iberoporus pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, ventral view (previous to DNA extraction).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Legs (Figs 2-4): long and slender, especially posterior legs. Metafemora very thin, not enlarged, regularly curved; without natatorial setae.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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From
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Πλούτων”">"Πλούτων"</normalizedToken>
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(Ploutōn), the ruler of the underworld in the Greek mythology. Name in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" type="notes on the habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Notes on the habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
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Soprador do Carvalho is a cave with approximately 4 km of horizontal development (Fig. 7). It is the largest cave of the so-called
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dueça">Dueca</normalizedToken>
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Speleologi
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="27" start="start">cal</pageBreakToken>
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System, located in the north-eastern part of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sicó">Sico</normalizedToken>
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karst area in central Portugal (
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<bibRefCitation author="Neves, J" journalOrPublisher="Espeleo Divulgacao" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="14 - 18" title="O sistema espeleologico do Dueca." volume="6" year="2005">Neves et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The subterranean stream feeds the spring of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dueça">Dueca</normalizedToken>
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River, a contributor to the Mondego River. The substrate of the river is mostly composed of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="28" start="start">clasts</pageBreakToken>
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and gravel, with large clay deposits on the margins. The specimen was found in the bottom of a clay pound connected to the margin of the subterranean stream. Other invertebrate stygobionts are found in this stream, such as a new species of the asellid genus
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Asellidae" genus="Proasellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proasellus" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proasellus</taxonomicName>
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and of the amphipod genus
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudoniphargidae" genus="Pseudoniphargus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoniphargus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoniphargus</taxonomicName>
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, and unidentified copepods (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="thesis, University of Aveiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" title="Biodiversity and conservation of subterranean fauna of Portuguese karst. Ph. D." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10865" year="2012">Reboleira 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). In the terrestrial compartment of the cave, several cave-adapted species are known: the pseudoscorpion
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Occidenchthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Occidenchthonius duecensis" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duecensis">Occidenchthonius duecensis</taxonomicName>
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Zaragoza & Reboleira, 2018; the millipede
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Chamaesomatidae" genus="Scutogona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scutogona minor" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Scutogona minor</taxonomicName>
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Enghoff & Reboleira, 2013; the woodlice
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Trichoniscidae" genus="Trichoniscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichoniscoides sicoensis" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicoensis">Trichoniscoides sicoensis</taxonomicName>
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Reboleira & Taiti, 2015 (which has an amphibian behaviour and can be collected inside the stream totally submerged) and
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellionidae" genus="Porcellio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcellio cavernicolus" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicolus">Porcellio cavernicolus</taxonomicName>
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Vandel, 1946; and the dipluran
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Campodeidae" genus="Podocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podocampa fragiloides" order="Diplura" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragiloides">Podocampa cf. fragiloides</taxonomicName>
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Silvestri, 1932 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Enghoff, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="175 - 186" title="A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Scutogona from central Portugal (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Chamaesomatidae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3736.2.5" volume="3736" year="2013">Enghoff and Reboleira 2013</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Reboleira, ASPS" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 61" title="The cavernicolous Oniscidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Portugal." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.161" volume="161" year="2015">Reboleira et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Zaragoza, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="81 - 103" title="Five new hypogean Occidenchthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Portugal." url="https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-17-031.1" volume="46" year="2018">Zaragoza and Reboleira 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Over recent years, the cave is being explored for tourism. This may represent a major threat, as tourists constantly trample the bottom of the subterranean stream where the new species was found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus pluto" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">Iberoporus pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is most similar in its external morphology to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. cermenius" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="cermenius">I. cermenius</taxonomicName>
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. Both share a similar shape of the head, a cordiform pronotum without
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="29" start="start">lateral</pageBreakToken>
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stria, and similar general appearance (Figs 2, 5a). In the absence of males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pluto" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="pluto">I. pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (and in addition to the genetic differences), both species can be easily separated by the body shape, larger and wider in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pluto" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="pluto">I. pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., and with a less prominent constriction between pronotum and elytra (clearly visible in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. cermenius" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="cermenius">I. cermenius</taxonomicName>
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) and with a more transverse pronotum. The appendages of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pluto" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="pluto">I. pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are also longer and more slender, especially the antennae and the pro- and mesotibiae (Figs 2, 5a).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus cermenius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cermenius">Iberoporus cermenius</taxonomicName>
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has also well-defined parasutural rows on the elytra formed by large punctures, which are absent in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pluto" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="pluto">I. pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 5. Habitus of the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iberoporus</taxonomicName>
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. a
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. cermenius" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="cermenius">I. cermenius</taxonomicName>
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(modified from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Millán">Millan</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2014) b
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. agnus" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="agnus">I. agnus</taxonomicName>
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comb. n. c
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. argaensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="argaensis">I. argaensis</taxonomicName>
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comb. n. (both modified from
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<bibRefCitation author="Fery, H" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="431 - 450" title="Notes on Rhithrodytes Bameul, 1989, with the description of R. minimus nov. sp. from Algeria (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae. Hydroporini, Siettitiina)." volume="48" year="2016">Fery 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 6. Distribution map of the Iberian species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Rhithrodytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhithrodytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhithrodytes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iberoporus</taxonomicName>
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. Key: red star,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pluto" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="pluto">I. pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.; blue diamond,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. cermenius" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="cermenius">I. cermenius</taxonomicName>
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; filled purple circle,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. argaensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="argaensis">I. argaensis</taxonomicName>
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comb. n.; empty purple circle,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. agnus" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="agnus">I. agnus</taxonomicName>
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comb. n.; black circles,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. bimaculatus" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">R. bimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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(data from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Millán">Millan</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2014).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 7. Soprador do Carvalho Cave, type locality of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Iberoporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iberoporus pluto" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluto">Iberoporus pluto</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |