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<document id="7FDF262750B8FD8677143445B9055B24" ID-CLB-Dataset="270532" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5346.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ba45f4af-aa52-4acc-a3da-87fa8a4f0b51" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390072" ID-ZooBank="C577D701-4F0A-44AB-8CAF-9DF56BEEAA9C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1695983842065" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk, Debitus, Cécile, Petek, Sylvain, Mai, Tepoerau, Wörheide, Gert &amp; Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2023" docId="03ED1637874DFF8AFF5CC4D1FB0DFAE6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5346.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5346 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rubrafasciculus fijiensis Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="864716BE-93A6-4514-9B25-6F193E7BC40B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FFD46E4F8752FF95FFCBC446FF82FFB3" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1699691393288" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="980A2B39F2831C648CEAF56E16796298">Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AAABB7C1411D80D221DC3D93545F5B9">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F8D4FB4091F1C41800C3C46419570F2F">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia &amp; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia &amp; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072 Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B3BAEB092ED2DACF53D7E9D28A37F91">Erpenbeck, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="412C3B78D176932DF42EB29966977BEE">Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität M ¸ nchen, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany &amp; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität M ¸ nchen, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany &amp; SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung f ¸ r Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 M ¸ nchen, Germany woerheide @ lmu. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6380 - 7421</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9EFE338B3BEF4444F3F0677A190D1445">Debitus, Cécile</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7ACE577131EC01651FDFE37014546F2E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3978-0644</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E633EE54F05444DF4BE338BD94A373D4">IRD, University of Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F- 29280 Plouzané, France &amp; IRD, Univ de la Polynésie française, Ifremer, ILM, EIO, F- 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia &amp; cecile. debitus @ ird. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3978 - 0644</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="31C9CF334777277DFD5DC825CD713BFE">IRD, University of Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, F- 29280 Plouzané, France &amp; IRD, Univ de la Polynésie française, Ifremer, ILM, EIO, F- 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia &amp; sylvain. petek @ ird. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7920 - 0467</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EE27D10FB45DC120905AEA61B3C0B151">Mai, Tepoerau</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C836D82EFBADD085A3D426DB8B6DF098">IRD, Univ de la Polynésie française, Ifremer, ILM, EIO, F- 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia &amp; Institut Louis Malardé-Papeete, BP 30 - 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D4094508EE5B9CF6B1C637EDCFC0C12">Wörheide, Gert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3EDA526AA91F2C10B766FCEE95B9F83">Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität M ¸ nchen, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany &amp; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität M ¸ nchen, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany &amp; SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung f ¸ r Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 M ¸ nchen, Germany woerheide @ lmu. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6380 - 7421</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="68BFED2A5BA95BA49F559710F4718552">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="99E7F36CCE44185C1C522A11B2ABB6E6">Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia &amp; john. hooper @ qm. qld. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1722 - 5954</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A40D4473FDE20CF5A7F207A6EC3D34A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C20A94CFD8E5BA0AE0360134CD026DDF">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC73DA0FF045E2A0E68C9F1629D2F59C">2023-09-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DD889E1FDDDAD72F315BF1239C1FFBA5">5346</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03ED1637874DFF8AFF5CC4D1FB0DFAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390098" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213657483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390098" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:864716BE-93A6-4514-9B25-6F193E7BC40B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED1637874DFF8AFF5CC4D1FB0DFAE6" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName id="4C44DCA2874DFF8AFF5CC4D1FCB2FF02" ID-CoL="923f8962-a0f4-47e4-a5e1-c2196d8ab3df" authority="Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityName="Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,816,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Rubrafasciculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fijiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF5CC4D1FE46FF01" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Rubrafasciculus fijiensis</emphasis>
Ekins, Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A203C648874DFF8AFCFCC4D1FC17FF02" box="[823,917,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFF5CC4FDFE92FF66" box="[151,272,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[152,255,1033,1057]" captionTargetBox="[196,1422,273,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-60@27.[158,1430,273,1009]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution of Rubrafasciculus cerasus sp. nov. and Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. Base map modified from freevectormaps.com." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390116/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figures 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFED7C4FDFEBAFF66" box="[284,312,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">17</figureCitation>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF5CC561FE03FEF2" bold="true" box="[151,385,295,321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC50DFB65FE39" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<materialsCitation id="3B2CAD7C874DFF8AFF0CC50DFB65FE39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4419070384" collectedFrom="outer reef drop-off, outside point, sheer coral slope" collectingDate="1996-10-25" collectingMethod="SCUBA" collectionCode="QM G312740" collectorName="J. N. A. Hooper" country="Fiji" elevation="30" latitude="-18.300278" location="Shark Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="178.01694" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54FF1983874DFF8AFF0CC50DFEADFED6" box="[199,303,331,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED553FE4874DFF8AFEFDC50DFE57FED6" box="[310,469,331,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">QM G312740</collectionCode>
,
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,
<location id="8E9BF1FA874DFF8AFDA0C50DFD5AFED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED1637874DFF8AFF5CC4D1FB0DFAE6:8E9BF1FA874DFF8AFDA0C50DFD5AFED5" box="[619,728,331,358]" country="Fiji" latitude="-18.300278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="178.01694" name="Viti Levu" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Viti Levu</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F353E7B1874DFF8AFD28C50DFC8FFED6" box="[739,781,331,357]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, -
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE70C1E6874DFF8AFC13C50DFB07FED5" box="[984,1157,331,358]" degrees="178.0169444" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" precision="1" value="178.01694">178.0169444 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFB5AC50DFB63FED5" box="[1169,1249,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="29.5">
<elevation id="00694012874DFF8AFB5AC50DFB63FED5" box="[1169,1249,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="29.5">29.5 m</elevation>
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,
<collectedFrom id="3858E4DC874DFF8AFB26C50AFF38FE3A" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">outer reef drop-off</collectedFrom>
,
<collectedFrom id="3858E4DC874DFF8AFF0EC529FEDBFE3A" box="[197,345,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">outside point</collectedFrom>
,
<collectedFrom id="3858E4DC874DFF8AFEAEC529FDA6FE3A" box="[357,548,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">sheer coral slope</collectedFrom>
,
<collectingMethod id="5205DF36874DFF8AFDE4C529FD0DFE3A" box="[559,655,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">SCUBA</collectingMethod>
, NCIOCDN4234M, Coll.
<collectorName id="26B1C2F7874DFF8AFC7CC529FBDEFE39" box="[951,1116,367,394]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">J.N.A. Hooper</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFFA81E1874DFF8AFBACC529FB61FE39" box="[1127,1251,367,394]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" value="1996-10-25">
<collectingDate id="EFBE7809874DFF8AFBACC529FB61FE39" box="[1127,1251,367,394]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" value="1996-10-25">25/X/1996</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35EF4AA874DFF8AFF0CC5D5FC37FE1E" box="[199,949,403,430]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC5D5FC37FE1E" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,949,403,430]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC5D5FECCFE1E" bold="true" box="[199,334,403,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Etymology.</emphasis>
named after the location where it was first discovered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35EF4AA874DFF8AFF0CC5F1FBDCFE62" box="[199,1118,439,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC5F1FBDCFE62" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,1118,439,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC5F1FEE3FE62" bold="true" box="[199,353,439,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is currently known only from the
<collectingCountry id="F353E7B1874DFF8AFCBBC5F1FC6FFE62" box="[880,1005,439,465]" name="Fiji" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fiji Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFC36C5F1FBD2FE62" box="[1021,1104,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[152,255,1033,1057]" captionTargetBox="[196,1422,273,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-60@27.[158,1430,273,1009]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution of Rubrafasciculus cerasus sp. nov. and Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. Base map modified from freevectormaps.com." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390116/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35EF4AA874DFF8AFF0CC59DFB1EFBEA" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC59DFED9FE46" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,347,475,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC59DFED9FE46" bold="true" box="[199,347,475,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC5B9FF38FDD2" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC5B9FED6FDAA" box="[199,340,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Growth form</emphasis>
:A long massive sponge creeping over the surface (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFCBCC5B9FC5DFDAA" box="[887,991,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig.17A</figureCitation>
).The original sponge was approximately
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFF5CC665FF5FFD8D" box="[151,221,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long, by
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFE80C665FE01FD8D" box="[331,387,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
wide, by
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFE3EC665FDAFFD8D" box="[501,557,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
deep. The remaining fixed
<typeStatus id="54FF1983874DFF8AFCACC665FC4BFD8E" box="[871,969,547,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is only a
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFBF1C665FBF1FD8D" box="[1082,1139,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
wide hemisphere (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFA80C665FF2EFDD2" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 17 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC62DFA19FD7E" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC62DFE94FD36" box="[199,278,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Colour</emphasis>
: The sponge is a dark brown to grey coloured massive sponge underwater. Spiderweb-like traces formed by sand can be observed where it is incorporated into the conules (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFCB9C6C9FC5FFD1A" box="[882,989,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 17 C</figureCitation>
). In 70% ethanol, the exterior colour is a green to grey, influenced by the epibionts. The interior colour is a creamy brown, with bright red fibres (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFAE3C6F5FA10FD7E" box="[1320,1426,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 17 B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC691FF65FCA6" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC691FEA8FD42" box="[199,298,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Oscules:</emphasis>
The sponge has few conules, scattered over the surface. The oscula opening is approximately
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFA91C691FA1FFD41" box="[1370,1437,727,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC766FC99FC8A" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,795,799,826]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC766FEA0FC8A" box="[199,290,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Texture:</emphasis>
The sponge is compressible, firm and tough.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC705FB8DFC32" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC705FE9FFCEE" box="[199,285,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Surface</emphasis>
: The sponge has a conulose surface, the blunt conules are
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFC65C705FB89FCED" box="[942,1035,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
in height and separated by
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFA8BC705FA1FFCED" box="[1344,1437,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFF6BC721FE8EFC32" box="[160,268,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 17 B</figureCitation>
). The exterior surface is often overgrown by epibionts such as algae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC7CDFD89FC7A" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC7CDFE1FFC16" box="[199,413,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
:It has an armoured surface consisting of sand incorporated into the ectosome of approximately 700–1000 μm (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFE89C7E9FE7CFC7A" box="[322,510,943,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs. 17 B, C, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC795FB1EFBEA" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC795FE49FC5E" box="[199,459,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Choanosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The choanosome is composed of thick collagenous material. The skeleton in this hemispherical part of the sponge is a fairly regular radial pattern of large (300–700 μm in diameter) laminated cored primary fibres (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFE40C05DFD94FB86" box="[395,534,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 17 C–F</figureCitation>
), these primary fibres are loosely fasciculated and connected in loose ladder like formation of uncored laminated secondary fibres (100–250 μm in diameter) (
<figureCitation id="137FBBA4874DFF8AFC3DC079FB12FBEA" box="[1014,1168,1087,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[251,1336,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rubrafasciculus fijiensis sp. nov. A. Holotype QM G312740 underwater. B. Holotype QM G312740 fixed. C. Cross section through the ectosome and choanosome, whilst undergoing bleach digestion. Note the sand armouring. D. Branching large cored primary fibres that emerge through the ectosome. E. Large sand cored primary fibres fasciculated with uncored secondary fibres. F. Microscope section showing a cored laminated primary fibre. G. Microscope section showing the heavy armouring and clear secondary fibres. H. Microscope section showing the clear secondary fibres connecting the heavily cored primary fibres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390126/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs. 17 E, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35EF4AA874DFF8AFF0CC025FD49FB12" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC025FD49FB12" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC025FEAEFBCE" bold="true" box="[199,300,1123,1149]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species lives on hard dead coral substrates of the reef, at
<quantity id="4CBC0AC4874DFF8AFBC9C025FBBFFBCD" box="[1026,1085,1123,1150]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
in depth. It is overgrown with encrusting algae, sponges, ascidians and hydroids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35EF4AA874DFF8AFF0CC0EDFB0DFAE6" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC0EDFEFCFB76" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,382,1195,1221]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC0EDFEFCFB76" bold="true" box="[199,382,1195,1221]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">DNA Barcodes.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC089FD20FB59" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,674,1231,1258]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC089FF73FB5A" box="[199,241,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">28S</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54FF1983874DFF8AFECBC089FEEAFB5A" box="[256,360,1231,1257]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
QM G312740 (OX458938)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC0B5FD1DFABD" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" box="[199,671,1267,1294]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC0B5FF6CFABE" box="[199,238,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">ITS</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54FF1983874DFF8AFF36C0B5FEE7FABE" box="[253,357,1267,1293]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
QM G312740 (OX458948)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBA721874DFF8AFF0CC151FB0DFAE6" blockId="31.[151,1437,295,1366]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9307B33874DFF8AFF0CC151FEB9FA82" bold="true" box="[199,315,1303,1329]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species differs by the difference in fasciculation, the lack of geometric patterning in the surface, the encrusting habit, and the lack of obvious fistules as well as lacking the red colouration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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