treatments-xml/data/FC/07/83/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="27222" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732669504701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="38E1D5186878D1BCDE5EC81138A11E7E">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95AE1819F31B9CE11D9C7F7598425CB2">Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D5BC851A2B1875EA3AB3CE1809A7047">Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C9677462CFB9FB01A34F03F4F91E5152">Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="94C1DC51897C362CE6954B454C0807CF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D09FDD19C4B7DF56D9C6DE079B01E646" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Annonaceae">
<subSubSection id="64BB11FD6E42C5F95CECBA0DE45A4D9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F61703E3305A9C215D78C43F20E9E1B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
14. 
<taxonomicName id="AA0D25ECEC6D9C5982C7B81DD66CF53C" ID-CoL="ZBCF" LSID="B4823803-BE9C-555C-884B-20DB5FC26B1F" authority="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="67F26B1E7D0F0DC181162B4DFD03E2AD" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 22. Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, b Seidel &amp; Schulte 2265)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245314" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A9C03EE298253B966887E10326EABD94" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 23. a, b Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, d Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e-g C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h-j C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, l C. oblongum R. E. Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m-o C. osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C898C349ACF06ABA536B64FF47295926" captionStart="Map 6" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Map 6. Distribution of Cremastosperma confusum Pirie, C. leiophyllum R. E. Fr.; and C. oblongum R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245306" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80EDF6BC8284BE308F98F3EAD646B9B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BF8A47E405D00E06625E4C423690BA8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="354D2820397953DC251DF4B26B3213E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F06A5896995489AA2D7AB5206EAF5E8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8F916F53B584B489E348E530A6F81C39" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria leiophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophylla">Guatteria leiophylla</taxonomicName>
Diels, 
<taxonomicName id="4C88F5EE4E16837261A18A5671A61C99" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
Novae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 77. 1931. Non (Donn. Smith) Saff.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95B2C4DF20A228F8CC289782FFF0B2B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E211115D73160EEC630B7C49BCCA750A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA3311438143A8E1DCE1B16EBD5F6E28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BOLIVIA, La Paz: Mapiri, San Carlos, 850 m a.s.l., 2 Dec 1926, 
<emphasis id="8A7ABA0B35E9C7C6C35A105A1188B602" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Buchtien, O. 705</emphasis>
(holotype: B! [B 10 0242369]; isotypes: HBG, MO! [MO-0477531], S! [S-R-7017], US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41F72AF2A6B038B8EEAC7C42D2FDEAA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="471B8F897F16ACB41E0697582E1B50A5" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Annona nitida" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="29AB122E0AE2F49C78F5E2122A24364F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Annona nitida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., Anales Instit. Bot. Cavanilles 17: 429, t. 488. 1959. Non Martius (1841), nom. nud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE03A0917699CF16E57185E80B57D0BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8B3A10A0E5064020CACF86092B66D6F4" authorityName="J. F. Macbride" authorityYear="1929" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria rusbyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rusbyi">
<emphasis id="15A366CF118B8D1FC17AF76F4C1B47E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatteria rusbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot Ser. 4: 171. 1929.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="193C13FF1489B8328AA1B5E9E17A80A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="AF8F37E404BFDB6BE0C62227E0206AA6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria lucida" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucida">
<emphasis id="BCD807E28FA7E313E42F65DAFDE76B66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatteria lucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 245. 1927. Non C. Presl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C791B6AE5B95252C0E7E40A6C89A619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D7F485CF67840C373AF6DBAD00744959" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F56335CFB797ECB1838C99BE1FA7FE61" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BOLIVIA, Beni: Covendo 630 m a.s.l., 26 Aug 1921. 
<emphasis id="DAE47A80D8025FE55A329635024571DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">White, O.E. 913</emphasis>
(holotype: NY! [NY00026024]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8700AC4E00827B479EED0960ACA758E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="985C84B2FEC0B71F27242E6305F4F959" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDE3FCDFE0C7BAD7E86EAD3FA7A4F686" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="01AC5A3DD23E63129074E5787DCD5E9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrub</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis id="79680C18B113EFBACD55FF3007302A25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">tree</emphasis>
3-20 m tall, 3-18 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. 
<emphasis id="21B1784C3CB05D0E825E71C158337E1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 4-12 by 1 
<normalizedToken id="7D80BF32761E0C2F135FD831BF817F5C" originalValue="–3(–">-3(-</normalizedToken>
4) mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 12-28 by 4 
<normalizedToken id="6A201E7351BF1C182BE1E066BB0C460C" originalValue="–9(–">-9(-</normalizedToken>
12) cm (index 2-3.9), chartaceous, often green or greenish-brown above and below, more greyish above with darker or reddish veins, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 7-13, intersecondary veins 1-6, distance between from 14-24 mm at the base to 10-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, not branching forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2 
<normalizedToken id="26A03699169A1CD452EADED52524A990" originalValue="–4(–">-4(-</normalizedToken>
6) mm, tertiary veins percurrent. 
<emphasis id="858675CC73854E91EA03609B1A1EC544" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 4, on older, leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-4 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden &lt;0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 18-34 by 1-1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 18 
<normalizedToken id="7BEBD052E3761EFA4A9BD60E58D134D6" originalValue="–34(–">-34(-</normalizedToken>
43) by 1-3 mm (in fruit), glabrous; 1-3 lower bracts, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, glabrous; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, ovate to broadly so, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or creamy yellow 
<emphasis id="D0B8FE42C0B42FBE5715D7D29D34F4EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, dark yellow, reddish-brown or dark brown 
<emphasis id="5B4DCB992710EDCD63CF89451193DCEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
; sepals free, very broadly ovate-triangular, recurved, 2-3 by 2-3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals elliptic, 12-15 by 8-11 mm, rounded, inner petals elliptic, 13-15 by 6-8 mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., pinkish 
<emphasis id="C946A44E756DD70F4774E321AFB70D09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, stamens 1.4-1.8 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 2-2.2 mm long, glabrous. 
<emphasis id="4BA1911ED3DAAD04A9438A064741C53A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
, stipes and receptacle glabrous, monocarps 6-30, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 14-17 by 8-9 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange-red and red 
<emphasis id="A5792FDD9991B1AD81FF8E440EF7963F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, black (reddish-brown when immature) 
<emphasis id="36A138A4C3B55BA1DF5A68E63D312E6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with an excentric apicule; stipes 16-26 by 1-1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-9 mm diam. 
<emphasis id="732D13A3952B67F0A6EFEA94E4254E82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, light brown, pitted ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C173C276917444D3B9438AC0ADD3C5CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E90DBA36A9C128F99AEC786F14E9478D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8498B6A286D6F0E56FAB42A8D4B3DC76" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AFB152CE416B2F93D3823565334DA8C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="749C666A837E4D76E4808CC4ECE76A6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD3CC7F67962D20A07AE46330D588760" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mostly in primary wet or moist forest, also in mildly disturbed areas, often on slopes or terraces, on sandstone soils. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: February, May, July through September, November and December; fruiting: February through August, November and December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BF2952385B186FD6F787E7609886388C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph id="CFD261D74B0557E7A90B0FD15EA3F6FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDBB403786F999B5D45FEA35993F8FDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Chocolatillo (
<emphasis id="F5FE6FC8FB040F4DE22F6665BF87EB40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Meneces &amp; Terceros 395</emphasis>
), Chocolatillo Negro (
<emphasis id="A4B6E723316B00D6BA65F47A3D97469D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.N. Smith et al. 14006, 14058</emphasis>
), Eye (
<emphasis id="3E161905020B47D0F74B4F19E567DDAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Youras; Naessany 106</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken id="C6FC4F7303EA77CA159285793DE5D129" originalValue="Quií-quií">Quii-quii</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="F2123862B1BB25C2835877F19B4921D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hinojosa &amp; Seidel 1313</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BC73081288994872E08D2682E2D8470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="EB9C13DFF1BFBF459DB8C52DB5389B01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9417D9F3E31A4BC0FFA76E9A9DB6C5C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="70DA327A97E86A6C3D91EC3610E3C49E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis id="211874AABEF65E63F69E6615DA3C73DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most southerly distributed species of the genus and. of the two found in Bolivia, the only endemic. Bud development in 
<taxonomicName id="84ED321B866312C0BEFCF37FB8AD7475" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis id="8BDF3F7BFC3BF25A0F4A412525805B81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is open (as opposed to that of 
<taxonomicName id="AF938BBD50568419165DB078C0114D99" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis id="406F64C6E6A4E90655BC17CDCCDCFBCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It most closely resembles 
<emphasis id="D39480CD8294609B149D24FF2647DAAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. spec B</emphasis>
(which is not found in Bolivia), from which it can best be distinguished by the characteristic shape (asymmetrical, the stipes thickening somewhat where they meet the monocarps) and colour (blackish) of the mature fruits when dried.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8253F6885A0ECA41F5E57F0A1EE7ADC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="E330AF387FA3771541DB0CEB8F3B7540" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A696A8EF48E146BBD6F8FC62AAE72510" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although a regional endemic, 
<taxonomicName id="EC7D8D37E12EACB79C1338046D069A01" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis id="D7E577FB3F863A8CFDFFAB6C9CE2AA16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected regularly over a faily broad area of Bolivia including two national parks. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation id="FDC3E3C32CDF44F40983160120E25DEF" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E9693C9E2BBE0B9B5401561AC38634B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D46B85128F352F436F3F1C0C917D754" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B703C035D90643467261B8C0CB663172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5C5AF472FFC361010B76DD5B78860F2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BOLIVIA. Beni</emphasis>
: Serrania del 
<normalizedToken id="80257FDD098481477244E3F4B32F9AAC" originalValue="Pilón">Pilon</normalizedToken>
Lajas, Yucumo, 
<geoCoordinate id="4DADC8E4CDD4E279D4FB306E45042ADD" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.25">15°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="32C896A12E05F95CCAAE0E2D72D20C5B" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.0">67°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 850-900 m a.s.l., 3 May 1991, 
<emphasis id="1F4C40C4359A02D21107947DA7AD852D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killeen et al. 3080</emphasis>
(USZ); 
<normalizedToken id="58463AC0A3E988D3974F52BBE2226D40" originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
del 
<normalizedToken id="A419EE86E08AE260CAEFF15827E1D75B" originalValue="Pilón">Pilon</normalizedToken>
Lajas, Yucumo, 
<geoCoordinate id="9E561B33D90F65273D3BFFCE89A22175" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.216666">15°13'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E467A707E7D7B97051A9DF42B93A19F5" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.05">67°03'W</geoCoordinate>
, 760-870 m a.s.l., 19 May 1989, 
<emphasis id="63A6481269E3265E84F7B248F2082BD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.N. Smith et al. 13253</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U, USZ). 
<emphasis id="0ACC12BAFB9A71BC61BB36BF49C49D8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cochabamba</emphasis>
: Puerto Aurora, 
<normalizedToken id="2EB72FDDD90BC7B942074F0DC6F602FB" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
del Chapare, 
<geoCoordinate id="0303EC6AE86C9DF8383A79735EAA9D2E" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.833334">16°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="11D997EB88BF21689607CBAC1D945754" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.166664">65°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Jun 1989, 
<emphasis id="F6FFB0404ECF58831AE57899A0FBB8A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Naessany 106</emphasis>
(LPB, U); 
<normalizedToken id="55BC5B7E17049289C4792E993D89185C" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Blanco, 
<geoCoordinate id="39001800A5B27A7FC425A2B014414FCB" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.2">17°12'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1BCDC8D87B7BBCC2716E7083878EAD6A" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.416664">64°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 240 m a.s.l., 31 May 2000, 
<emphasis id="8E973D1615DE3014796A82F44534431D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seidel 3543</emphasis>
(LPB). 
<emphasis id="5658B603BA64BADF6F6752E8A5AC09A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">La Paz</emphasis>
: San Carlos, Sarampiuni, 
<geoCoordinate id="E4BCF95BF45C459273CE6DEFA3AF4DAC" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.0">13°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5F6F7E6C52AEE6BBD62B5CB72EC3D3DD" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.0">65°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m a.s.l., 12 Mar 1927, 
<emphasis id="335D10F8F958DBA1B30142D2FE274438" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Buchtien 706</emphasis>
(B, S); 
<normalizedToken id="7E0B7F21DAF80BE5C7C6EE6C63992E37" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Quiquibey, 
<geoCoordinate id="CDBDC953B33C137B6FE57F7E4A3E1535" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.483334">15°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="64DCB66224FA94F692E29C63A02206EA" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.066666">67°04'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1000 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1990, 
<emphasis id="6D2EF17203E66AE1B4639E0342E435B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M.A. Lewis 37979</emphasis>
(MO, U); Alto Beni, Santa Ana, 15°37'S, 67°25'W, 500 m a.s.l., 28 Jun 1990, 
<emphasis id="53444A1E75DEC725DBB3C5D74CFC21AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seidel et al. 2878</emphasis>
(LPB, U); Consata, 
<geoCoordinate id="AFFAF81CC20C8C3467DDD7DD7A07A45C" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.333333">15°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A6485525E4FEE3BF760876FD52A88943" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.51667">68°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1300 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1981, 
<emphasis id="B3BA93267D1EAE322C83B0C26E063340" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solomon et al. 6606</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U). 
<emphasis id="1F651B55C3C96887FC768E78D9ED82D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pando</emphasis>
: Campamento Gomero Pingo de Oro, 
<geoCoordinate id="49891BCE2CA1324CB38841C6A9829393" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-11.526667">11°31'36&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="319DFF4CF6E02992EF1B77786E56A344" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-69.10305">69°06'11&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Oct 1999, 
<emphasis id="602DF07CF627688C08F0FAB89F9ED161" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paniagua 2119</emphasis>
(F). 
<emphasis id="F82C5DD8DFD4BC8388C21C0D8910F4CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Santa Cruz</emphasis>
: Velasco, N of Puerto Frey, 
<geoCoordinate id="FBF5CDF912E5B52270A87CC725531576" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-14.663889">14°39'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5D62759D17639E822FE8281686EDF61F" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-61.15917">61°09'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 210 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1995, 
<emphasis id="BC2B7E3C28C6F264A9DEBE29A9C828E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.F. Foster 230</emphasis>
(WAG); Ayacucho Forest Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="70E6DCDF3347A5B256B0D568108F40B6" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.0">17°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B0A946F4B5AB132F1BC897056322D4C7" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.0">63°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 240 m a.s.l., 14 Apr 1976, 
<emphasis id="25711C9E88D3B7E9F88C794595D5931B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Meneces</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="29BF73BCCE50FF1465457BDE0E22B1CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terceros 395</emphasis>
(MO, NY); 
<normalizedToken id="7E4F5159930208C89DC7C38B85EB23F8" originalValue="Choré">Chore</normalizedToken>
Forest Reserve, 
<normalizedToken id="BA9B9AAE4E305DBF62677EE0B623AC35" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Ibabo, 
<geoCoordinate id="45F83678CA270865435217D08C640384" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.583334">16°35'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="9D59048526751398D1CE04579816DB45" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.51667">64°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 180 m a.s.l., 16 Aug 1990, 
<emphasis id="D2C3F2AE20A81B3D399E7670D502D961" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neill</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="AA39A51116AD9DFA5629542767438DB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quevedo 9334</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U, USZ); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken id="11A8C470B189A2D68848A291ABD144B3" originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="6BB8A0F7A669CC3DBEB00F8F05F995FD" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.55">17°33'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="91A230E713377CCBB380E84A01AACFA4" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.733334">63°44'W</geoCoordinate>
, 360 m a.s.l., 15 Nov 1991, 
<emphasis id="87E74124589D4612A85C5129CD053BBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I.G. Vargas et al. 1113</emphasis>
(F, LPB, NY, USZ).
</paragraph>
<caption id="722C097CDC3494EA0EF1D57922EB22F4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911229" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245314" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F27">
<paragraph id="292DC51126FEB7863C067C5C59BB7897" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="784A56AF7DA1140DA5A22A999CE11A31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70B50787C0E6B4612ACA5FAAAA17B154" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis id="E7A4A311200483D71945975CA1D20525" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="10EA4362228457055C066142C8A3B5B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting specimen 
<emphasis id="CC2698DBBFACCEE9ACDE98A578D6BE84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis id="56DDDB8935C03CD1A987278BC0D07EA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
<emphasis id="81BF2B6256C1AC75EC5334358FE363A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seidel &amp; Schulte 2265</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F0331CBF1D3BCAF7E71E53F205C87C77" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911239" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F28">
<paragraph id="B676B3CDE6FE29C7E92D74EDE173958B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="68D7BEC95D1A69C553A415B30CE98829" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F537DA354C78B63152B52D2342CEEDA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84B0942B859087EB77FF8A80B1ADC7CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis id="BE23F4C3B1E1B857F7D9BAF97121C976" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="3AE0F059D83266CDD5102062AD074FC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis id="3A1F74C9FEA4E3B28D0F39DCC8DE7983" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis id="C92A01578CE7486196A59748012184DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pirie et al. 2</emphasis>
; photo LWC) 
<emphasis id="E9A7037B2859045BED1130798B44BF2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c, d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C65244E2153B0439BDE8F68636BEF5C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma megalophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalophyllum">
<emphasis id="4B3FC79462A410A5E9314C2463C8AA16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma megalophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="5C4DF6AB2A6B5FBB868776BE21F3142D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (
<emphasis id="9F430CD176E9083358D68287E69C1030" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 8595</emphasis>
, photo PJMM) 
<emphasis id="5A0F1120701A553D12397F47B71A9A21" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="CC1D09C57C6B08F615FCAC024B567A61" originalValue="e–g">e-g</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9E86B58A4DBE0CFEC4DE639A43BBA0E9" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis id="EDBD319E446618A8A11D201C769253CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="119F640E8B2D1ACE7009E8C6E2282804" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis id="0D93BD32435E24232354442EA0A24CC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 6281</emphasis>
; photo PJMM) 
<emphasis id="4F47542436F1B330FD7BAF8B82FFDBF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">f, g</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis id="6DDAC129B27CEABD67E34551AB0C45A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al 8222</emphasis>
; photo PJMM) 
<emphasis id="0798E170F12E1AA0718208DCDDAA5AB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="3AF43FE8193785B9E0CF278CEFA05E42" originalValue="h–j">h-j</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1BA7467B4BE9603D5D7CACAC9E8B5015" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis id="0D12FAC71849E1B6AF557E606E345852" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rusby) R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="7E5376B692291C60B4636F971BB2D64C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">h</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis id="E87E5F49F6F356C8A85845CFC11693A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
leaves 
<emphasis id="CC4FF1E4788E5339EF3B4C48BD2E390D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">j</emphasis>
flower bud (
<emphasis id="1A4DE21EBEC074E86F058E3968C014B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pirie et al. 5</emphasis>
; photos LWC) 
<emphasis id="6B1B298A7BF44883F107130B64C981C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">k, l</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7AB98ACDDC7B0F71DA63C6675E660642" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. oblongum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oblongum">
<emphasis id="BA1859BE2F48ECA90EE06406BBD20044" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. oblongum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="505EEB921C5C7C27720FAE562BE2A284" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">k</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis id="6ADE847571C90E3CB227C99727EFB310" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">l</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis id="6627706C96EE8281FCC679A10D8E9563" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 9148</emphasis>
; photos PJMM) 
<emphasis id="4C2E5D03C3186CDF3A8EF4DE2FA84239" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="F1F06A99F756DAB3522862E9D3B45053" originalValue="m–o">m-o</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="817E071F4D0662798E717A4D44BFD8A4" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. osicola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="osicola">
<emphasis id="E70778A9DA18C8CDA1D11C64237CEB15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. osicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="E3C66A5A0405E0C152CDB580649BD99B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">m</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis id="64E68DF42ADE55C4A923EC6CB64018D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis id="48E891FA17887C05547E89ACCD934475" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">o</emphasis>
leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>