treatments-xml/data/D3/A2/5B/D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d00b9582-cba5-45a2-95a8-f33d90811b3e" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1040-65" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A8C9DF81BBED5BD79842164B25B979E7" ID-ZooBank="63E20193A7C8420F99C323ED54706BB4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1040-65" checkinTime="1622233205909" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Achterberg, Cornelis van, Skeppstedt, Fredrik &amp; Vaeaenaenen, Simo" docDate="2021" docId="D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1040: 65-89" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1040" docPubDate="2021-05-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274" docTitle="Lysitermus pallidus Foerster 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A8C9DF81BBED5BD79842164B25B979E7" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="A8C9DF81BBED5BD79842164B25B979E7" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Palaearctic species of Lysitermus Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Hormiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1665919177198" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of the Palaearctic species of Lysitermus Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Hormiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Cornelis van</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kees@vanachterberg.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skeppstedt, Fredrik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tegelslagarevaegen 44, 29144 Kristianstad, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vaeaenaenen, Simo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ojahaanpolku 6 E 64, 01600 Vantaa, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-05-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1040</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7213061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182408884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7213061" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName LSID="D3A25B4C-669B-5988-99DD-B3B344CA857E" authority="Foerster, 1863" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lysitermus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysitermus pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, 1863</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">, 2-8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 11. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♂, Sweden 9 habitus lateral 10 third metasomal tergite dorsal 11 propodeum and metasoma dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548432" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">, 9-11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–27" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 26 - 27. 26 Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden (freshly emerged specimen), habitus lateral 27 L. tritoma (Boucek), dark ♀, Finland, metasoma dorsal. Photographs: F. Skeppstedt (26) and P. Malinen (27)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures26-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548437" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">, 26</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lysitermus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysitermus pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="69" start="start">Lysitermus</pageBreakToken>
pallidus
</taxonomicName>
Foerster, 1863: 236; 
<bibRefCitation author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="20" pageNumber="85" pagination="1115 - 1262" refId="B16" refString="Shenefelt, RD, 1975. Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) 12: 1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 1155; 
<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Faune SSSR" pageId="19" pageNumber="84" pagination="21 - 72" refId="B1" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, Tobias, VI, 1986. Doryctinae. In: Medvedev, GS, Ed., Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opr. Faune SSSR 145: 21 - 72" title="Doryctinae." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opr." year="1986">Belokobylskij and Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 64; 
<bibRefCitation author="van Achterberg, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="20" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B21" refString="van Achterberg, C, 1991. Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctical Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen 273: 1 - 102" title="Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctical Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="273" year="1991">van Achterberg 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 20; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.8" author="Gupta, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="84" pagination="425 - 430" refId="B6" refString="Gupta, A, Quicke, DLJ, 2018. A new species of Acanthormius (Braconidae: Lysiterminae) reared as a gregarious parasitoid of psychid caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India. Zootaxa 4388 (3): 425 - 430, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.8" title="A new species of Acanthormius (Braconidae: Lysiterminae) reared as a gregarious parasitoid of psychid caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.8" volume="4388" year="2018">Gupta and Quicke 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 429.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
<specimenCount type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
+ 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Germany" county="Aachen" location="Furst" municipality="Frst" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="type">
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(= 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">L. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ZMB), &quot;[
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
<collectingCountry name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
], 
<collectingCounty>Aachen</collectingCounty>
&quot;, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Frst”">
&quot; 
<collectingMunicipality>Frst</collectingMunicipality>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
, &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lysitermus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysitermus pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Lysitermus pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E:21D1CBCDD0012745DFDDFCA4740B4FA9" country="Germany" county="Aachen" municipality="Frst" name="Furst">Furst</location>
&quot;, &quot; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E:37F39BF94CB2939364354393134945B8" country="Germany" county="Aachen" municipality="Frst" name="Fam.">Fam.</location>
3 
<taxonomicName family="Hecaboloidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" rank="family">Hecaboloidae</taxonomicName>
, n. gen. (rest illegible)&quot;
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
+ 
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(RMNH), 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-06-25" collectingDateMax="2020-02-18" collectingDateMin="2019-06-25" collectorName="F. Skeppstedt" country="Sweden" county="Fjaelkestad" location="Goeze" municipality="Balsberget" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Skane">
&quot; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
<collectingCountry name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">
<collectingRegion country="Sweden" name="Skane">Skane</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fjälkestad">
<collectingCounty>Fjaelkestad</collectingCounty>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Balsberget</collectingMunicipality>
, ex cases of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goeze" authorityYear="1783" class="Hexapoda" family="Psychidae" genus="Diplodoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodoma laichartingella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laichartingella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Diplodoma laichartingella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E:F5B3C386CBDA399645B27749367579E9" country="Sweden" county="Fjaelkestad" municipality="Balsberget" name="Goeze" stateProvince="Skane">Goeze</location>
) 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="70" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Psychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychidae</taxonomicName>
), coll. 
<collectingDate value="2019-06-25">25.vi.2019</collectingDate>
, em. (indoors) 
<collectingDate value="2020-02-18">18.ii.2020</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>F. Skeppstedt</collectorName>
&quot;
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(NMS), 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-08-03" collectorName="N. R. Fritzen" country="Finland" county="Lemland" determinerName="M. R. Shaw" latitude="59.98" location="Bjoerkoe" longLatPrecision="621" longitude="20.19" municipality="Flaka" specimenCount="♀">
&quot; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<collectingCountry name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty>Lemland</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Flaka</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björkö">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3A25B4C669B598899DDB3B344CA857E:F79B387C78E61DB7AAE0020F266F9BE5" country="Finland" county="Lemland" latitude="59.98" longLatPrecision="621" longitude="20.19" municipality="Flaka" name="Bjoerkoe">Bjoerkoe</location>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="59.98" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="59.98">59.98°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.19" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="20.19">20.19°E</geoCoordinate>
AI, 
<collectingDate value="2004-08-03">3.viii.2004</collectingDate>
, ex?Psychid [= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goeze" authorityYear="1783" class="Hexapoda" family="Psychidae" genus="Diplodoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodoma laichartingella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laichartingella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Diplodoma laichartingella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] case, 
<collectorName>N. R. Fritzen</collectorName>
&quot;, &quot; 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
Ant 17, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lysitermus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysitermus pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Lysitermus pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Foerster, det. 
<determinerName>M. R. Shaw</determinerName>
2015&quot;
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Figured and reared ♀ from Sweden (RMNH), length of body 2.2 mm, and of fore wing 1.6 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Antenna 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as fore wing, with 16 segments, slightly widened apically (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">1</figureCitation>
), scapus oblique apically, length of third segment 1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
fourth segment; third, fourth and penultimate segments 5.0, 4.0, and 2.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their width, respectively; face largely smooth, with long erect setae and 1.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than high; clypeus smooth, upper half distinctly convex and ventral half depressed; head in dorsal view 1.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
broader than long medially, eye 1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than temple dorsally, strongly and roundly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">7</figureCitation>
); vertex finely granulate and superficially rugulose near stemmaticum (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">8</figureCitation>
); occipital carina strong and in front of it crenulate; POL: diameter of posterior ocellus: OOL = 4:2:6; eye in lateral view 1.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as high as wide, temple distinctly broadening ventrally and width of eye 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of temple (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">1</figureCitation>
); malar space 0.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as height of eye and 1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as basal width of mandible; frons smooth, except for some fine rugulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Mesosoma 1.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as high in lateral view; mesoscutum granulate and with rather long, narrow, medio-posterior groove (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">3</figureCitation>
); notauli shallow, complete, largely smooth and anteriorly connected to lateral irregular carina; scutellar sulcus with 3 carinae; scutellum finely striate antero-laterally and superficially granu 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="71" start="start">late</pageBreakToken>
medially (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">3</figureCitation>
); propodeum granulate and with large areola, its median carina much shorter than anterior side of areola (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">3</figureCitation>
); side of pronotum rugose-crenulate and secondary granulate sculpture; mesopleuron largely smooth and convex (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">1</figureCitation>
); precoxal sulcus rather deep and only anterior half present, with few crenulae; metapleuron densely rugulose and with long setae; mesosternal sulcus deep, narrow and smooth. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Wings</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Fore wing: pterostigma elongate triangular and 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="72" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2</figureCitation>
), r issued near its middle and 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than width of pterostigma; 2-SR complete and sclerotized left wing) or only basal two-thirds pigmented (right wing, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2</figureCitation>
); 3-SR 1.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than r; SR1 straight and reaching tip of wing; m-cu distinctly postfurcal, rather short (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2</figureCitation>
); subdiscal cell distally closed, CU1b close to m-cu and CU1a at same level as 2-CU1 (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Legs</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Hind coxa largely smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.5, 11.4, and 10.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their width, respectively; hind tarsus compressed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Length of first tergite 0.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its apical width, its surface longitudinally striate and with additional granulate sculpture between striae, dorsal surface evenly convex, its dorsal carinae lamelliform and medially interconnected; medial length of second tergite 0.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its basal width, and 1.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as third tergite; second and third tergites longitudinally striate (but on middle of third tergite weakly developed) and secondary granulate sculpture; second transverse suture coarsely crenulate and nearly straight (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4</figureCitation>
); third tergite antero-laterally without minute, tooth-shaped protuberance and distinctly narrowed posteriorly (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">5</figureCitation>
), with narrow, rugulose, and rather dull apical rim medially (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">5</figureCitation>
) and distinctly serrate latero-apically (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4</figureCitation>
); apical lamella of third metasomal tergite distinctly protruding laterally (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1</figureCitation>
), concave and wide in dorsal view, with approx. 25 carinae (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">5</figureCitation>
); setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.23 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as fore wing and 0.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as hind tibia, nearly parallel-sided (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Yellowish brown; third tergite mainly yellowish brown but laterally darkened, not contrasting with similarly coloured second tergite (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–27" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 26 - 27. 26 Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden (freshly emerged specimen), habitus lateral 27 L. tritoma (Boucek), dark ♀, Finland, metasoma dorsal. Photographs: F. Skeppstedt (26) and P. Malinen (27)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures26-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548437" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">26</figureCitation>
); mesosoma brown, but mesoscutum and scutellum largely dark brown; antenna (basal segments yellowish), pterostigma (but basal quarter yellow) and veins M+CU1 apically, 1-CU1, 1-SR, 1-M, r, and veins of apical half of fore wing dark brown (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2</figureCitation>
); palpi and tarsi pale yellowish; remainder of legs yellowish brown; wing membrane infuscate, but with subhyaline band below base of pterostigma (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Variations</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Antenna with 16-17 segments; length of body 2.1-2.3 mm, and of fore wing 1.6-1.7 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.21-0.23 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as fore wing; vein 2-SR of fore wing varies in reared series from nearly complete to entirely absent (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">2</figureCitation>
), most frequently only basal half present as pigmented but unsclerotised vein; notauli complete to posterior third obsolescent; second metasomal tergite 1.3-1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than second tergite; lamella of third tergite more or less serrate (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden, habitus lateral. Photograph: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548430" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 8. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♀, Sweden 2 wings 3 mesosoma dorsal 4 metasoma dorsal 5 second and third metasomal tergites dorsal 6 head anterior 7 head dorsal 8 detail vertex dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures2-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548431" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Male.</emphasis>
Very similar to female, but metasoma slenderer (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 11. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♂, Sweden 9 habitus lateral 10 third metasomal tergite dorsal 11 propodeum and metasoma dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548432" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">11</figureCitation>
); head dark brown dorsally; third tergite more or less darkened in ♂ (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 11. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♂, Sweden 9 habitus lateral 10 third metasomal tergite dorsal 11 propodeum and metasoma dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548432" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">9</figureCitation>
), striate and/or granulate and its lamella serrate and with approx. 20 carinae (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 11. Lysitermus pallidus Foerster, ♂, Sweden 9 habitus lateral 10 third metasomal tergite dorsal 11 propodeum and metasoma dorsal. Photographs: R. Soethof." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.66274.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548432" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">9-11</figureCitation>
); pterostigma dark brown basally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Finland, Germany, Moldova, *Sweden.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
Five specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lysitermus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lysitermus pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Lysitermus pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hatched from ten final instar larval cases of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goeze" authorityYear="1783" class="Hexapoda" family="Psychidae" genus="Diplodoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplodoma laichartingella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laichartingella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Diplodoma laichartingella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Goeze, 1783) (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Psychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychidae</taxonomicName>
) collected in Sweden by the second author. Dissection of the final instar larval cases showed that only three had been parasitized and five specimens had hatched from them. It clearly indicates that 
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">L. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of this host, but probably a facultative one perhaps depending on the size (first- or second-year stage?) of the 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="73" start="start">host</pageBreakToken>
. In northern Europe 
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. laichartingella" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="laichartingella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">D. laichartingella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a two-year life cycle which raises the question of whether 
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. pallidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">L. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a parasitoid only of fully grown larva and, therefore, has a two-year lifecycle like its host (
<bibRefCitation author="Kunz, H" journalOrPublisher="Osnabruecker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen" pageId="20" pageNumber="85" pagination="215 - 224" refId="B12" refString="Kunz, H, 1989. Das Vorkommen der Diplodoma herminata (Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) im Osnabruecker Raum. Osnabruecker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen 15: 215 - 224" title="Das Vorkommen der Diplodoma herminata (Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) im Osnabruecker Raum." volume="15" year="1989">Kunz 1989</bibRefCitation>
) or whether it might be able to complete its lifecycle in a juvenile larval case as well. The 
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. laichartingella" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="laichartingella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">D. laichartingella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cases are usually found in woodland areas where the caterpillar feeds on algae/mosses as well as dead insects on tree trunks, especially, of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus sylvatica" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Fagus sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus robur" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Quercus robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
The specimen from Finland has also been reared from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. laichartingella" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="laichartingella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">D. laichartingella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(det. M. Mutanen) but was referred by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.8" author="Gupta, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="84" pagination="425 - 430" refId="B6" refString="Gupta, A, Quicke, DLJ, 2018. A new species of Acanthormius (Braconidae: Lysiterminae) reared as a gregarious parasitoid of psychid caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India. Zootaxa 4388 (3): 425 - 430, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.8" title="A new species of Acanthormius (Braconidae: Lysiterminae) reared as a gregarious parasitoid of psychid caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.8" volume="4388" year="2018">Gupta and Quicke (2018)</bibRefCitation>
as reared from an unidentified psychid host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>