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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8441" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f0a1826-ba89-4ecb-adbb-275211293c87" ID-PMC="PMC7878468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1015-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" ID-PubMed="33613041" ID-ZooBank="F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1015-1" checkinTime="1612497320802" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abe, Hirokazu &amp; Sato-Okoshi, Waka" docDate="2021" docId="26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1015: 1-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1015" docPubDate="2021-02-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387" docTitle="Polydora cornuta Bosc 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A" masterDocTitle="Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732648737807" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9C63E40F2FEFFA0BCD348D95E10551F7">
<mods:title id="4D59F90638D1D0153346820220736538">Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="620E7D52249072199A9E3E5FEBC651C5">Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BEFF68C1F9D81652FFFF11A310DFCF95" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-9368</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="165C868C55E6C96D763BF3D8A07F99FE">Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts &amp; Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A95DD2299160C2342D90052C3BA6D8F5" type="email">habe@iwate-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="35D8A62CCE9E990F74A5CDD01AD4F90B">Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B25BE5B798914D77BA3D838B5BB63C93">Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 468 - 1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 - 8572, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number id="6EDE3355313F567CC364F9C60670DCE9">1015</mods:number>
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<treatment id="26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212527" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
<subSubSection id="BA386E15E1A87496A30DD4B4E794F893" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B89BB6A26390A3FC840FD9C15E5C324B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7A1B25EACD5458BEFDCCBB69D1EC88A4" ID-CoL="4L63D" LSID="26251CE9-E6CE-56B1-A758-B2354C270278" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora cornuta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="EE1BD8C6F7D52562524E4481AE44B26E" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E44E6D1F9EFC57D4D4DA657344B33ADA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
<paragraph id="CBEF441F0A1D2203CF970EE559EC51C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BABDBEFFF1554E8EA2C23AF98E5C188A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Overall shape slender. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, median pair rounded, most lateral pairs double-eyes, ramified melanophores between first median and the second lateral pair of eyes usually present. In late larval stage, anterior part of prostomium and lateral lips of peristomium pigmented yellow or brown. Small spots of black pigments occur on lateral parts of peristomium. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of melanophores from chaetiger III with those of anterior four chaetigers band-shaped and then replaced by rounded or ramified melanophores from chaetiger VII onwards. Three rows of small faint dorsal spots of brown pigment present on posterior edge from chaetigers III or IV onwards in late larvae. Lateral pigment on chaetigers II, III, and often VI-XI extensive compared to that on other chaetigers. Large yellow or brown chromatophores occur ventrally from chaetigers V or VI onwards, usually three chromatophores arranged in transverse line except on gastrotroch-bearing chaetigers where single midventral chromatophores present. Black pigment spots occur on ventral side of body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AB8F5048E1214D5295D24B6181D4F569" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D</figureCitation>
) and mid-dorsal part on pygidium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="40C20E5BFC02EE1313D7DE9E8190F0BD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
). Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV and XVII.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC3E600CDCD847EB9103C98EE742AA74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="9EFAA24959D659554DC0C261CC8C1E94" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0ECC40C4918D4DD8EF60C4DEBB69C0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from mud deposits in crevices of shells of living
<taxonomicName id="11EBEAAB0206F89219A20CC6199D2E5A" lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="09C37C29B1503ED56E733DBE238CC556" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oysters in Sasuhama in June 2011 and from intertidal bottom sediment in Gamo Lagoon in August 2012. This species was identified as
<taxonomicName id="2D0243594475FE0128F8BE477AA18D32" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="98F3C09EBC4ACC9F3A6F7202C9B65885" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as adult morphology agrees with the description by
<bibRefCitation id="861DB22BDC48028B8D15464D7406054A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="60E727EC685DEBE74B646AA5A4ACC72E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1770/1770, 16S: 468/470 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6EF19FE0F17613485F1364EB02B251A3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42F1E6642AC6E620F337F03B757C3D0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="24C6635E74379EDEC75ECB1AA4902371" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" author="Rice, SA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="45 - 64" refId="B171" refString="Rice, SA, Karl, S, Rice, KA, 2008. The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct. Invertebrate Biology 127: 45 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" title="The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" volume="127" year="2008">Rice et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that at least three sibling species may be involved in North America under the name of
<taxonomicName id="C73AE7CA258E653A1E4BDBE146DDC03F" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="E91F9AADE6328A67018A4968915432DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by differences of mitochondrial COI sequences between California, Florida, and Maine populations.
<bibRefCitation id="2B19F15E1A8811F2E4BDFA38ACDB642C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" author="Takata, N" journalOrPublisher="Eco-engineering" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 104" refId="B210" refString="Takata, N, Noguchi, D, Tanaka, M, Awakihara, H, 2011. Genetic characteristics of Polydora cornuta complex (Spionidae; Polychaeta) inhabiting an eutrophic port of Fukuyama. Eco-engineering 23: 101 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" title="Genetic characteristics of Polydora cornuta complex (Spionidae; Polychaeta) inhabiting an eutrophic port of Fukuyama." url="https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" volume="23" year="2011">Takata et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the
<taxonomicName id="0C01C8D269AAA360793E1AD7C5316F93" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="EB59AC069FDBE3226B865635079B1C20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Fukuyama in the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan is genetically close with the California/New Zealand lineage. It is unclear to which lineage the eastern Japan populations belong. The 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 1.9% (5/421 bp) difference with that of
<taxonomicName id="D0FD231C64A58445C1DB2D688A013797" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="CDA6746DFC0519FF2386A8A9FF7EDA13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Netherlands (KC686637).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1F5FAFE844518D9BDAFDD134AE24983" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Gamo Lagoon in August 2012. The larval morphology of this species generally agrees with the descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="78CDB645D872B073D710EE4301B32924" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="03069CDFC4C2387E7636989CAF0E88AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="070C9122E5F61501007723D1E692BB85" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="C4C50CA15381B70C8991B9F0F9D32B41" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
<emphasis id="D75F712D76FD13A3B918A26F86D0282E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="1EB729F579AB934B6D7396ECC5EBC150" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="3B1C64346B2255B521B88D400DCD0344" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
<emphasis id="578E8F6C6013ADA724BAE09D4F262A0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="7F3C4806126809D008658ED6FE11B0D6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann (1994</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="F3C952F87A571475B402A49E1C431BCE" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
<emphasis id="F590B048D97E400D55A289588E0C04FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="CBA5E8AFF3DB1691B89C4ACF57E2C059" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. Peristomial melanophores, which were reported by
<bibRefCitation id="C3556CC2A9DD327798952E9186CDD0AF" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D622ED18AEAA9F560121C01375FCCD10" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
but not by
<bibRefCitation id="9D64C34723D84B38900447767CDBCE12" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, and middorsal vesiculate melanophores, which were reported by
<bibRefCitation id="B9DC1CAE8CE0ABFD1CDC1EE0F3AB1995" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
but not described by
<bibRefCitation id="7901450ECDE878B25E71CDACE09F652E" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="709EC5DC1B58ED0D6E273F6D516BC5FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, were both present in specimens of the present study. Ventral pigmentation pattern was consistent with the description by
<bibRefCitation id="614BA11346D1309FB8C1C7AFBD8AAE92" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="7775447F0F795B94E6E41D805AA4FFE1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
instead of
<bibRefCitation id="7222B0CB3C903B046AFCFC4141D81E75" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">
<normalizedToken id="7E9149F4136BD861A08C221C268CB6A7" originalValue="Hannerz’s">Hannerz's</normalizedToken>
(1956)
</bibRefCitation>
description. The larval dorsal pigmentation pattern, similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="CF8513FEA60376884366F05BFF652C08" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="4D97B5D452CE673EAD75A14DA1E43149" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is typically found in many other
<taxonomicName id="76B5347BF75692A7621BCB0837B3E56B" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C92DFA117BBE56AB1D2C882B3EA130AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. This species can, however, be distinguished by the characteristic ventral yellow pigmentation pattern as the yellow pigment on the ventral side of the other
<taxonomicName id="7A3EEB9B8C3DABA694429F9257EDD3BD" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7B5842F5F7834495D1258EA4A94D2F94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is diffusely scattered and does not appear regularly arranged when present (
<bibRefCitation id="C123E2BA5DFF5662DD18CD6DC06FEA04" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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