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<mods:title id="75885D87FC08C165A465FB31878F77C6">Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B4E7FFB40305D728A97E0617E5BC7EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4E7FFB40305D728A97E0617E5BC7EA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="0B4E7FFB40305D728A97E0617E5BC7EA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B4E7FFB40305D728A97E0617E5BC7EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4E7FFB40305D728A97E0617E5BC7EA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="0B4E7FFB-4030-5D72-8A97-E0617E5BC7EA" authority="Carazzi, 1893" authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Boccardia Carazzi, 1893</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="F1051AE1419EFF942A1144513C2DD422" ID-CoL="84LVF" LSID="0B4E7FFB-4030-5D72-8A97-E0617E5BC7EA" authority="Carazzi, 1893" authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Boccardia Carazzi, 1893</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="3809C262A0232BFD89BDEA97F66C78B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="97A76796230DD36592DC5AA42B5995CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5990AEC66B042A705507A6EA62A9B686" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Overall shape thick or slender and fusiform. Prostomium small or broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral often double-eyes. Dorsal pigment pattern consists of single row of branching melanophores in most species, some species lack distinct dorsal melanophore. Lateral pigments present or absent. Ventral pigments absent. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers except first two chaetigers. Gastrotrochs occur in irregular pattern. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Soederstroem, A" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B204" refString="Soederstroem, A, 1920. Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae. PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" title="Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae." year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="53EF32E5438D7B1DD07A487FF5FFB1D1" author="Soederstroem, A" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B204" refString="Soederstroem, A, 1920. Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae. PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" title="Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae." year="1920">
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1920
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, as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Soderstrom" authorityYear="1920" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora natrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="natrix">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora natrix</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="283779DF813F5C4C67701BB66E3E9792" authorityName="Soderstrom" authorityYear="1920" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora natrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="natrix">
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<emphasis id="B661DE54A9A318B8723D2577FE3C15DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora natrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 324" refId="B69" refString="Hartman, O, 1941. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 289 - 324" title="Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California." volume="7" year="1941">Hartman 1941</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="F4A48000C44F89A8E1F180920996DF6E" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 324" refId="B69" refString="Hartman, O, 1941. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 289 - 324" title="Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California." volume="7" year="1941">Hartman 1941</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="B15C96BD02666C1EEF7C63E4A8C3EA02" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Woodwick, KH" editor="Reish, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="347 - 371" refId="B225" refString="Woodwick, KH, 1977. Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman. In: Reish, DJ, Fauchald, K, Eds., Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles: 347 - 371" title="Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman." volumeTitle="Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman." year="1977">Woodwick 1977</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="FB8AEBAF4D5800B7B64C744363EDA043" author="Woodwick, KH" editor="Reish, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="347 - 371" refId="B225" refString="Woodwick, KH, 1977. Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman. In: Reish, DJ, Fauchald, K, Eds., Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles: 347 - 371" title="Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman." volumeTitle="Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman." year="1977">Woodwick 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="175 - 182" refId="B27" refString="Blake, JA, Kudenov, JD, 1981. Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 6: 175 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" title="Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" volume="6" year="1981">Blake and Kudenov 1981</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="923E19E59376108C68199C8610FB2E23" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="175 - 182" refId="B27" refString="Blake, JA, Kudenov, JD, 1981. Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 6: 175 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" title="Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" volume="6" year="1981">Blake and Kudenov 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263632" author="Duchene, JC" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="251 - 257" refId="B54" refString="Duchene, JC, 1984. Reproductive biology of Boccardia polybranchia (Carazzi) in Kerguelen (Subantarctic Province). Polar Biology 2: 251 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263632" title="Reproductive biology of Boccardia polybranchia (Carazzi) in Kerguelen (Subantarctic Province)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263632" volume="2" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="01011E8CC9F9A7363A171F7981170E85" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263632" author="Duchene, JC" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="251 - 257" refId="B54" refString="Duchene, JC, 1984. Reproductive biology of Boccardia polybranchia (Carazzi) in Kerguelen (Subantarctic Province). Polar Biology 2: 251 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263632" title="Reproductive biology of Boccardia polybranchia (Carazzi) in Kerguelen (Subantarctic Province)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263632" volume="2" year="1984">
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1984
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Duchene, JC" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B55" refString="Duchene, JC, 1989. Adelphopagie et biologie larvaire chez Boccardia polybranchia (Carazzi) (Annelide Polychete Spionidae) en province subantarctique. Vie et Milieu 39(3/4): 143-152." title="Adelphopagie et biologie larvaire chez Boccardia polybranchia (Carazzi) (Annelide Polychete Spionidae) en province subantarctique. Vie et Milieu 39 (3 / 4): 143 - 152." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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<treatment id="0E42E1C14A0A5058816DE65E604D4250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E42E1C14A0A5058816DE65E604D4250" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E42E1C14A0A5058816DE65E604D4250" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="058C2F550D879AD45865D8966C52F8BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4F4D72ACA685E9F616A28FE224336A59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="0E42E1C1-4A0A-5058-816D-E65E604D4250" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Polydora Bosc, 1802</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="364E925DB826A589AAE522F6C2FBEE3A" ID-CoL="87JX8" LSID="0E42E1C1-4A0A-5058-816D-E65E604D4250" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Polydora Bosc, 1802</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="936D9E0D279E64648AE3A03C411AF9C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="018A317AC94BE45E02FF6AFFA6C8515D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="70C79C2EE650E13351373D3D3692F3A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall shape slender or slightly fusiform. Prostomium broad or small and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs often double-eyes. Some species have ramified melanophore between central and lateral pairs of eyes. Dorsal pigmentation usually consists of two rows of bands, spots, or branching melanophores in most species, while some species have a single row of mid-dorsal melanophores (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB447537C6EB9DE53CBB5EDD6BAE6AC2" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Lateral and ventral pigments present or absent. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers except first two. Gastrotrochs occur in irregular pattern. Modified chaetae develop on chaetiger V in late larvae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" author="Wilson, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="567 - 603" refId="B224" refString="Wilson, DP, 1928. The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" title="The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" volume="15" year="1928">Wilson 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9CA168BD9DB0411C7CDB0C1D5F93853A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" author="Wilson, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="567 - 603" refId="B224" refString="Wilson, DP, 1928. The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" title="The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" volume="15" year="1928">Wilson 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80327AFE103B8DFE2F224001E1E88838" author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="38792492EFC7EEFF8CCED1B8A9203BB8" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopkins, SH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="268 - 277" publicationUrl="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1958/00000008/00000003/art00004" refId="B73" refString="Hopkins, SH, 1958. The planktonic larvae of Polydora websteri Hartman (Annelida, Polychaeta) and their settling on oysters. Bulletin of Marine Science 8: 268 - 277, https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1958/00000008/00000003/art00004" title="The planktonic larvae of Polydora websteri Hartman (Annelida, Polychaeta) and their settling on oysters." url="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1958/00000008/00000003/art00004" volume="8" year="1958">Hopkins 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7F95E1DB63FC5624FA679FBCEBAED82" author="Hopkins, SH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="268 - 277" publicationUrl="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1958/00000008/00000003/art00004" refId="B73" refString="Hopkins, SH, 1958. The planktonic larvae of Polydora websteri Hartman (Annelida, Polychaeta) and their settling on oysters. Bulletin of Marine Science 8: 268 - 277, https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1958/00000008/00000003/art00004" title="The planktonic larvae of Polydora websteri Hartman (Annelida, Polychaeta) and their settling on oysters." url="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1958/00000008/00000003/art00004" volume="8" year="1958">Hopkins 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Woodwick 1960;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3254D2C435C0D1E76436DF3C14FC73EE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="FE393F9FD27DDFAC3ACE16282F3D5BF1" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Biologiya Morya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="36 - 42" refId="B143" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1986. Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Polydora ciliata in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Biologiya Morya 6: 36 - 42" title="Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Polydora ciliata in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="6" year="1986">Radashevsky 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="428471CC7BD417D0F3F9F8D0546C6F08" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Biologiya Morya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="36 - 42" refId="B143" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1986. Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Polydora ciliata in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Biologiya Morya 6: 36 - 42" title="Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Polydora ciliata in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="6" year="1986">Radashevsky 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="870 - 878" refId="B144" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1988. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 870 - 878" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="67" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D5DD39B705D98D2B1A3F511B38B2837F" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="870 - 878" refId="B144" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1988. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 870 - 878" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="67" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="97533842960067AA2E7405517072A5C0" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; 1994,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="8DD180E7CEB3B72A06ECAFF68C250D97" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4B60AA0646FF5DDAE5484E50F1C5FEA5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="549 - 558" publicationUrl="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" refId="B178" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1994. Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 162: 549 - 558, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" title="Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan." url="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" volume="162" year="1994">Sato-Okoshi 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="C8960AE1A4A3B27731C1FB3295C9A773" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="549 - 558" publicationUrl="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" refId="B178" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1994. Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 162: 549 - 558, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" title="Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan." url="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" volume="162" year="1994">Sato-Okoshi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00034.x" author="Williams, JD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="237 - 247" refId="B221" refString="Williams, JD, 2001. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora robi (Polychaeta: Spionidae), an obligate commensal of hermit crabs from the Philippines. Invertebrate Biology 120: 237 - 247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00034.x" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora robi (Polychaeta: Spionidae), an obligate commensal of hermit crabs from the Philippines." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00034.x" volume="120" year="2001">Williams 2001</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="6BAD9516601F7303FE1FFDF93ADF4ED3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00034.x" author="Williams, JD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="237 - 247" refId="B221" refString="Williams, JD, 2001. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora robi (Polychaeta: Spionidae), an obligate commensal of hermit crabs from the Philippines. Invertebrate Biology 120: 237 - 247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00034.x" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora robi (Polychaeta: Spionidae), an obligate commensal of hermit crabs from the Philippines." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00034.x" volume="120" year="2001">Williams 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2004.9517234" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="243 - 254" refId="B150" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Cardenas, CA, 2004. Morphology and biology of Polydora rickettsi (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chile. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 243 - 254, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2004.9517234" title="Morphology and biology of Polydora rickettsi (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2004.9517234" volume="38" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="160EED87D39F60ABCDC2CFD9CCF3A383" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2004.9517234" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="243 - 254" refId="B150" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Cardenas, CA, 2004. Morphology and biology of Polydora rickettsi (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chile. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 243 - 254, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2004.9517234" title="Morphology and biology of Polydora rickettsi (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2004.9517234" volume="38" year="2004">
|
||||
Radashevsky and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="21C257D749F0CC6C8C670F5AFD5DA1E4" originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2004
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E2662702B6E06614A3691BD8C121CE41" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
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<mods:identifier id="FA84C921241C4B45B37C654570A3FF74" type="Pensoft-UUID">AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11AAF80590595BDB929168C8E930BDD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11AAF80590595BDB929168C8E930BDD2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="11AAF805-9059-5BDB-9291-68C8E930BDD2" authority="Radashevsky, 1993" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica Radashevsky, 1993</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<treatment id="11AAF80590595BDB929168C8E930BDD2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11AAF80590595BDB929168C8E930BDD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11AAF80590595BDB929168C8E930BDD2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E5E86D36515E96AD84ABE4021E5D6797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="10381FC7D27E19D714039142E1417523" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25AD67BD2E92E77EA937C5F334C5CD38" ID-CoL="4L63Q" LSID="11AAF805-9059-5BDB-9291-68C8E930BDD2" authority="Radashevsky, 1993" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica Radashevsky, 1993</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6981A9FBDB29B360F753522DB89F3E3F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between middle and lateral pair of eyes absent. Pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Two rows of ramified melanophores on chaetigers III-VI, and a median row of ramified melanophores from chaetiger VII onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. A pair of black pigments occur on pygidium. Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages. Gastrotrochs absent in 25-chaetiger larvae, probably already lost. Modified chaetae develop on chaetiger V.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="390EADD5E1641BF27837D909E4DC6F01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EBE1BCFB305C5C3365362628681948F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="147C2E8C645353B4C73A183A2C194258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between middle and lateral pair of eyes absent. Pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Two rows of ramified melanophores on chaetigers III-VI, and a median row of ramified melanophores from chaetiger VII onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. A pair of black pigments occur on pygidium. Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages. Gastrotrochs absent in 25-chaetiger larvae, probably already lost. Modified chaetae develop on chaetiger V.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0E52995C9773232B25EFAF98A0E6371E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D7F03CD263D06309AFB2FC572E990BC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F2953C0C5F1D9F40DEE3434939A61F27" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
No adult individuals of this species were collected in the present study. The 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from larvae in the present study did not match any of the available
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="766C0D16A66BD7B60F846CA31BF9618A" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="99FC6728E9104907120B9411062BB74E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sequences. However, as the larvae formed a robustly supported clade with other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="828F6075C65CB01BCAF664ADB60C3FC5" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FBD2777DAF0D113002BDAF118F7E2C55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50A577220B5E6DA2630F691B85705151" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2584BDDE0138F8DA9D2D04B9ACC30C0C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
), this species was referred to as the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58B09057CAC8F87861C13626EB5CC403" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F6F641CF851022226602D0E4578D4793" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Furthermore, the larval morphology including the characteristic dorsal pigment pattern of this larvae matches that of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0217B91B564D2A88A3284D1D03A4167F" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F833C5D7DF59BF30D2A9F1EEF51B924" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="515641C8E8BDCEE22CA0C9DD473C08B3" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, this larva was tentatively identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5606DC0548923F0659F7EEB2FD25F772" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, there were slight differences between the present specimens and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5E0FD24511DE28B562453852C27DE0A6" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
description: the two rows of ramified melanophores continued until chaetiger VI in the present description, whereas it continues to chaetigers VII-X according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A5366398DB27A6F1A3F081C90348EA72" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; ramified melanophores between the middle and lateral pair of eyes are present in the former description while absent in the latter; larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95E921CBB0BAD48D1F9DA0D225FC4434" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collected in the present study were 25-chaetigers with> 2.0 mm long (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4326C677CABBF94EB05D3EFC49E71CC5" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whereas the largest larva observed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6A41832F23F317501C3FFF9B1A4D946F" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was a 20-chaetiger specimen 1.8 mm long. Further studies should test whether these differences are attributable to individual or developmental variabilities or interspecific differences.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5CF0AE67167DCE5706F92A6781B77598" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The dorsal median single row of ramified melanophores is distinct in the larvae of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9BF0B3B31BBDF6E655D5215C4A4C60B" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2670263D384C191877D3468ABCE5DD1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hannerz" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hermaphroditica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hermaphroditica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C6F51448BB0C490906EF27FD50E7AF8E" authorityName="Hannerz" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hermaphroditica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0D13841441B9CFC18520856C7F65E31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hermaphroditica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also have a dorsal median row of ramified melanophores such as that of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71F2B0E3D4864F5A01610109D939A02B" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88A5C2D7F0403E607435F9D6F71E7FC4" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F4D0F1BF9ABEA773441DE98B6CB0853" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AE4ED64A82888223F84CEFB9D0ED94F6" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C655C8ED4A2F2C24C9028FD6A119B2BA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the first species differs from the other two by the absence of two rows of ramified melanophores on anterior chaetigers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="87153417E8AC33EE630B90994296B73F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only one individual of planktonic larva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C87D1EF020906736A454EDA33162384" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. glycymerica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">P. cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected in Onagawa Bay in October 2011.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F27B2C9CD081B1CDCE7E3C098803A88A" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DB3B4C27FA35E419149294CAA4E4A868" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was previously recorded as a shell-borer of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="G.B.Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Macridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macridiscus aequilatera" order="Venerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aequilatera">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Macridiscus aequilatera</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="091F61C873FCF108FB8FFF3F23C7D156" baseAuthorityName="G.B.Sowerby I" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Macridiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macridiscus aequilatera" order="Venerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aequilatera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD46B386ADE79918B6AF054DDABA18BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Macridiscus aequilatera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) from Oarai, Japan (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="82FD5D455F4A2D9484781D2170853A95" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212528" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:16E9ADF276BE5E22A402AECF2ADE5A1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16E9ADF276BE5E22A402AECF2ADE5A1A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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|
||||
<paragraph id="F07116FCEAC9E27CFFEBE778026747C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC7777E6DE0B7A03DBEC3CF0FCD8D33B" ID-CoL="4L63Z" LSID="16E9ADF2-76BE-5E22-A402-AECF2ADE5A1A" authority="Claparede, 1868" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hoplura" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hoplura">
|
||||
Polydora hoplura
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="39EC1D13D012B17A5C3F7B70C242CC4A" originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1868
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="195E77557560A71F018959A21DE4ED2C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall body shape slender or somewhat fusiform. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between first and second innermost pair of eyes absent. Black pigmentation patches on lateral peristomium absent. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of melanophores from chaetiger III with those of first five pairs band-shaped and then replaced by ramified melanophores in posterior chaetigers. Lateral pigments found on late larvae on chaetigers II-IV. Dorsolateral pigments at base of the parapodia start from chaetiger VII. A pair of black pigment occur on pygidium. Ventral pigment absent. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae. Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="07DF8C9F5F102954AF0887A9D0F123C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7EE1E03562D08FA85E44988EE4C57657" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7AD88B7F38E726AE119702DE72278075" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall body shape slender or somewhat fusiform. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between first and second innermost pair of eyes absent. Black pigmentation patches on lateral peristomium absent. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of melanophores from chaetiger III with those of first five pairs band-shaped and then replaced by ramified melanophores in posterior chaetigers. Lateral pigments found on late larvae on chaetigers II-IV. Dorsolateral pigments at base of the parapodia start from chaetiger VII. A pair of black pigment occur on pygidium. Ventral pigment absent. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae. Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D2AFEDB5D394056E68D7971A0DEE64D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="06A7670FDCFDF93C1F34753A2ECB7114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="69464802CE281EB681666422752603C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
This species is a shell-borer, and adult specimens were collected from the turban snail
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gmelin & Syst.Nat" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Omphalius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphalius rusticus" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rusticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Omphalius rusticus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05905D968B29826065B284BFCECC4EB6" authorityName="Gmelin & Syst.Nat" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Omphalius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphalius rusticus" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rusticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65A297039C4EE33C4A1993C30DF3930D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Omphalius rusticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Gmelin, 1791) in Gobu-ura and Onagawa Bay. This species was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hoplura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hoplura">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hoplura</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A81078DD8D9274FD69C04469DCE1A451" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hoplura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hoplura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1AD2BF7814910021523910D130B4C6F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hoplura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as its adult morphology agrees with descriptions by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B182" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, 2012. Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368-369: 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" title="Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368 - 369: 40 - 47." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" year="2012">Sato-Okoshi and Abe (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E386D867C70E248FB4FA3243D209BADF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B182" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, 2012. Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368-369: 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" title="Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368 - 369: 40 - 47." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" year="2012">Sato-Okoshi and Abe (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. uncinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6483703D88722B9EF9E2B67126E038B" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. uncinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F5E873165DCB8EF85AC3CF672E25C6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541600093X" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1675 - 1684" refId="B186" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, Nishitani, G, Simon, CA, 2017. And then there was one: Polydora uncinata and Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1675 - 1684, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541600093X" title="And then there was one: Polydora uncinata and Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541600093X" volume="97" year="2017">Sato-Okoshi et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5F8F0AFC468E70539B87CD695B4F3813" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541600093X" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1675 - 1684" refId="B186" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, Nishitani, G, Simon, CA, 2017. And then there was one: Polydora uncinata and Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1675 - 1684, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541600093X" title="And then there was one: Polydora uncinata and Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae), the problematic polydorid pest species represent a single species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541600093X" volume="97" year="2017">Sato-Okoshi et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1769/1769, 16S: 464/475 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A94E2600CD072FFD5FDC9F905195DA7F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="450096ED92BFCA67DD23D60500D5D35D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only late larvae were found in July in Onagawa Bay. The larval morphology of this species agrees with descriptions by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" author="Wilson, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="567 - 603" refId="B224" refString="Wilson, DP, 1928. The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" title="The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" volume="15" year="1928">Wilson (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B0286AF08FEB7C5BD4FE7441DDEDFDFB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" author="Wilson, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="567 - 603" refId="B224" refString="Wilson, DP, 1928. The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" title="The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" volume="15" year="1928">Wilson (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="859 - 868" refId="B157" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Migotto, AE, 2017. First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific. Marine Biodiversity 47: 859 - 868, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" title="First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" volume="47" year="2017">Radashevsky and Migotto (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="186A0F700C7D16920E3A390E06EDF081" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="859 - 868" refId="B157" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Migotto, AE, 2017. First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific. Marine Biodiversity 47: 859 - 868, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" title="First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" volume="47" year="2017">Radashevsky and Migotto (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. This species has adelphophagic and lecithotrophic larval development, in which larvae feed on nurse eggs in brood capsules, hatch at a very late stage, and have only a short pelagic life (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" author="Wilson, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="567 - 603" refId="B224" refString="Wilson, DP, 1928. The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" title="The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" volume="15" year="1928">Wilson 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D5A81769B44C9C2D8D6FD160C43A5A8D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" author="Wilson, DP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="567 - 603" refId="B224" refString="Wilson, DP, 1928. The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15: 567 - 603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" title="The Larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparede." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400009553" volume="15" year="1928">Wilson 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Read 1975;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="491 - 501" refId="B185" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Shaw, J, 2008. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88: 491 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" volume="88" year="2008">Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="51741A72FCC85033C5B6054FA4CC9E85" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="491 - 501" refId="B185" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Shaw, J, 2008. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88: 491 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" volume="88" year="2008">Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. uncinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F319F89B6A864286DED4C9D6841461A" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. uncinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="402B5CFE6295426B6064C4E8876B2904" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="859 - 868" refId="B157" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Migotto, AE, 2017. First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific. Marine Biodiversity 47: 859 - 868, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" title="First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" volume="47" year="2017">Radashevsky and Migotto 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2DED7AF13A41ED8AA20208F0EECF6228" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="859 - 868" refId="B157" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Migotto, AE, 2017. First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific. Marine Biodiversity 47: 859 - 868, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" title="First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0" volume="47" year="2017">Radashevsky and Migotto 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The poecilogenous development of this species with planktotrophic and adelphophagic planktonic larvae was reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0" author="David, AA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="887 - 898" refId="B47" refString="David, AA, Matthee, CA, Simon, CA, 2014. Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa. Marine Biology 161: 887 - 898, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0" title="Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0" volume="161" year="2014">David et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="856DE609D3158381A16D3C59140C7056" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0" author="David, AA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="887 - 898" refId="B47" refString="David, AA, Matthee, CA, Simon, CA, 2014. Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa. Marine Biology 161: 887 - 898, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0" title="Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0" volume="161" year="2014">David et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012" author="David, AA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B46" refString="David, AA, Simon, CA, 2014. The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 461: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012" title="The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012" volume="461" year="2014">David and Simon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="45D3B8BEFC50E64CEC119FE3EF38C970" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012" author="David, AA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B46" refString="David, AA, Simon, CA, 2014. The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 461: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012" title="The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012" volume="461" year="2014">David and Simon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="124 - 130" refId="B198" refString="Simon, CA, 2015. Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 59: 124 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" title="Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" volume="59" year="2015">Simon (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="510F3CCFC13F485314624E84C2149257" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="124 - 130" refId="B198" refString="Simon, CA, 2015. Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 59: 124 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" title="Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" volume="59" year="2015">Simon (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,134 +1,134 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212522" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="16EC9D4B-3EC8-548E-96F2-57625D52BB4B" authority="(Southern, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora kempi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">Pseudopolydora cf. kempi (Southern, 1921)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212522" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<subSubSection id="AA91393C58FD6397B4FCFAF920A2491B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="DA28295E9E2A8FDBA835EFE60A78F647" ID-CoL="4P8K5" LSID="16EC9D4B-3EC8-548E-96F2-57625D52BB4B" authority="(Southern, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora kempi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">Pseudopolydora cf. kempi (Southern, 1921)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="DA4C449A574D5CC47EA9CB3B132E471A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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||||
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||||
<subSubSection id="2E31EE16FEF8EF4C3CE1279C7E87D07F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="E225341501D45CE557DD627FA1819EC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
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Overall body shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present in more or less a straight line, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Mid-dorsal melanophore on first chaetiger usually absent (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E5B234933A5737624A237242D5717CB7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9C</figureCitation>
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), small non-ramified melanophore present in some individuals. Dorsal pigment consists of four rows of lateral and central pairs of pigment spots. Lateral and central pigments usually begin from chaetigers II and III, respectively. There pigment spots undergo expansion and contraction. Ventral pigment begins on chaetiger III, consists of paired bars on posterior border of each chaetiger. Anterior and posterior margin of prostomium have considerable brown pigment. Black pigment spots occur on sides of peristomium. Pygidium has black central spot. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V and VII in 13-chaetiger larvae.
|
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</paragraph>
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||||
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0001F3CBF7C1BEC0437BFFC08BA92D6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0625E005C593DBD8CD7F4F9B2AF37CE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy sediment in Gamo Lagoon in January, May, and December 2011, and April 2013. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="010B59765135E23DFEB42D02DDA6D290" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="670EFF4F4299FB42F380E1CCB3261D35" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, these individuals were referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40EE80CA501DCC8082B03B8F39151EF6" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 99.7% (305/306 bp) similarity with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66C842AA58690798553E0CCE1EDE9A9C" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4FEC2092283DB3537616F43F1B16D20E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Imajima & Hartman, 1964 from Russia (MG460897) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B166" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Gambi, MC, Giangrande, A, Keppel, E, Nygren, A, Al-Kandari, M, Carlton, JT, 2020b. Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621-3644. ttps:// doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" title="Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621 - 3644. ttps: //" url="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" year="2020 b">Radashevsky et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DF9145BE19C99F48F1957FA1F8417584" DOI="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B166" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Gambi, MC, Giangrande, A, Keppel, E, Nygren, A, Al-Kandari, M, Carlton, JT, 2020b. Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621-3644. ttps:// doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" title="Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621 - 3644. ttps: //" url="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" year="2020 b">Radashevsky et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, indicating these two are same species. It will need to be clarified whether
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3EA63F43EDA79B35A1DBD2F2311CCDCE" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B49756F34992C51BFCAE481E6056008E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(type locality India) and subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EE30A5AED7620B4A64BC43CB7D1CAB1A" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="94925AF3D41A6C28BC3EB0334C615D07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(type locality Japan) are the same species. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="46023629285E27BE6D11B010B07DC1F3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="535B6ADEA1B151B30761FDFF17341FDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species larger than 12-chaetiger stages were collected from Gamo Lagoon in August 2012. The larval morphology of this species observed in the present study agrees with the descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8E17197F04375314DA78735A38B5CAF" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE4451DF02F2B06D6E9EED176672CCF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="587665C04C804EA2E6384B4FFD945E28" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C424CEC16BAED5389D6E037B6762E02" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F6FBE0954877190E3FE47F862C496410" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. These species have adelphophagic and lecithotrophic larval development, in which larvae feed on nurse eggs in brood capsules, hatch at a very late stage, and have a short pelagic life (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8D6509C9CCC4BBC83E07666C463068B4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1981AC82137B6F4ABDCFA84170FB28F7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Reproduction and larval development of these species under the name of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6F3A7B7B0E98931399D5A3FA82999E0F" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4FCCED22B8AEE69F5BF69385EBA0130A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C192C8A92926A27DE744FCE2FA6AB3DB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FB432448BC42B4AF5719EF55E129A01B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were also described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1977. Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO/NIO, 671-677." title="Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO / NIO, 671 - 677." year="1977">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C74238CE476C9527BE4CE9A33C2C236D" author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1977. Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO/NIO, 671-677." title="Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO / NIO, 671 - 677." year="1977">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Myohara, M" journalOrPublisher="Inform Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" refId="B122" refString="Myohara, M, 1979. Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with special reference to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 21: 355-364. [figs 8, 9] http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" title="Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with special reference to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 21: 355 - 364. [figs 8, 9]" url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" year="1979">Myohara (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="37B38F158B9026D65A0C4AB298DA314F" author="Myohara, M" journalOrPublisher="Inform Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" refId="B122" refString="Myohara, M, 1979. Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with special reference to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 21: 355-364. [figs 8, 9] http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" title="Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with special reference to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 21: 355 - 364. [figs 8, 9]" url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" year="1979">Myohara (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B142" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1985. The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 39 - 46" title="The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1985">Radashevsky (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="22298136A8EB4180F0853B4F2BFB0E99" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B142" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1985. The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 39 - 46" title="The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1985">Radashevsky (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, the larvae of species in these descriptions resemble those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3825C8E8522F264EE08C39A7B6D17304" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F94CBF5BCB09CEC42F28C22C546B86B4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and of the present study in having planktotrophic development without nurse eggs and distinct dorsal melanophores including a middorsal melanophore on the first chaetiger. The taxonomy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B34BD1C650B4FDAEB685CFC9C4C85A07" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B1C179063DC012453289B989BF1CBDED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unclear because its original description is quite brief, and the current location of type specimen is unknown (Radashevsky and Hsieh 2000). Therefore, studies resolving the taxonomy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2864CC9C444B3839C4656A71D796DE89" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
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<emphasis id="77067A4681E27506DAACA6A25FFDCA50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are necessary.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,150 +1,150 @@
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:209C6A6EA7E950F79C7BD4C9FEACC11A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/209C6A6EA7E950F79C7BD4C9FEACC11A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="209C6A6E-A7E9-50F7-9C7B-D4C9FEACC11A" authority="Zachs, 1933" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">Spiophanes uschakowi Zachs, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4M, N</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="8556B929A910FD1534E133262BAD7809" ID-CoL="6ZBHQ" LSID="209C6A6E-A7E9-50F7-9C7B-D4C9FEACC11A" authority="Zachs, 1933" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">Spiophanes uschakowi Zachs, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="A341D54E607CA352D2891F9827DAA9DC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4M, N</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="967FD272131C2F22DD0A3E2ABE6A2731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91D72C247C14D901DBD6D54ACB0BC165" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Overall shape slender. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes present, lateral pair situated anteriorly. Late larvae bear very small antero-lateral processes on prostomium. Lateral parts of peristomium slightly demarcated from prostomium, palps attached on lateral-most parts of peristomium. Nototrochs occur from chaetiger IV onwards (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F6E2B9C06E76D2CBDF160D3BF0CC108B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4N</figureCitation>
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). Yellow pigments on the prostomium and pygidium, intense yellow-brown pigment on peristomium, inside of pharynx, and pygidium. Small red pigment spots present on lateral part of body (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4N</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="600309A8A220490C3567E72FDB89EBBA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Black pigment in pharynx and proctodaeum absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7C7BB2A54A82E94D8FCA98C70E6E1045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A8E0B2E994544F96F84962C703E6831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="710F6AF912ED5980D86DC1C2C486A779" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
No adult individuals of this species were collected in the present study. However, gene sequences obtained from larvae of this species were almost identical (18S: 1732/1732, 16S: 341/342 bp) to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1C2F6ACF37035E968262EB9070A2AB2" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F750EA0694A397E5CD7466CD8867E94B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(KM998760 and MG878915) from Russia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234238" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, Malyar, VV, Neretina, TV, Choi, J-W, Yum, S, Houbin, C, 2020a. Molecular analysis of Spiophanes bombyx complex (Annelida: Spionidae) with description of a new species. PLoS ONE 15: e0234238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234238" title="Molecular analysis of Spiophanes bombyx complex (Annelida: Spionidae) with description of a new species. PLoS ONE 15: e 0234238." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234238" year="2020 a">Radashevsky et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E93667E01494CD68849FB9F632DB1E44" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234238" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B165" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, Malyar, VV, Neretina, TV, Choi, J-W, Yum, S, Houbin, C, 2020a. Molecular analysis of Spiophanes bombyx complex (Annelida: Spionidae) with description of a new species. PLoS ONE 15: e0234238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234238" title="Molecular analysis of Spiophanes bombyx complex (Annelida: Spionidae) with description of a new species. PLoS ONE 15: e 0234238." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234238" year="2020 a">Radashevsky et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02915EE64ADCE4C92171660BC09B603C" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="27273A860A4383353884F845E5AFAAC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 137" refId="B84" refString="Imajima, M, 1991b. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 17: 115 - 137" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="17" year="1991 b">Imajima (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F3647997B16FEFF4BA4F012E528B5A7F" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 137" refId="B84" refString="Imajima, M, 1991b. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 17: 115 - 137" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="17" year="1991 b">Imajima (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recorded four
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D04FFE65A34DFD037751054EC22A4E1A" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A42B048B024D2C1572FAB692792BCA95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species from Japan:
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kroyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0375DA5BE6BCF0870EE6518C12E252DB" lsidName="S. kroyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5EA8F46D51161C01881FA89E9FC9A179" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Grube, 1860 (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kroeyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroeyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroeyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF65E759D5C296FACFB23D7C501C5DFA" lsidName="S. kroeyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroeyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B1F1F848BA1A9DD74E77A062DC94D66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroeyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. japonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACE1488DFB8A4CCDEEEC866C41BB6C52" lsidName="S. japonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA7A1B03875BF147C0191EFB745A9BDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Imajima, 1991;
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="308D48076AA98BBBD1A6831142A1C8A8" lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="707C33820D0C62C7A6D5EA2030F50504" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FD95F73A3E5B720819798D4BE25A9D03" originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1870); and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. urceolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="urceolata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. urceolata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05921CE3A8F7EEA851D652EF382B9818" lsidName="S. urceolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="urceolata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7284EBCDFB931C45D2117B0439F74745" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. urceolata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Imajima, 1991. Then,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1379" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 140" refId="B114" refString="Meissner, K, Hutchings, PA, 2003. Spiophanes species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from eastern Australia: with descriptions of new species, new records and an emended generic diagnosis. Records of the Australian Museum 55: 117 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1379" title="Spiophanes species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from eastern Australia: with descriptions of new species, new records and an emended generic diagnosis." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1379" volume="55" year="2003">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84140FA1907C2E9B21C3FB0076D733FF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1379" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 140" refId="B114" refString="Meissner, K, Hutchings, PA, 2003. Spiophanes species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from eastern Australia: with descriptions of new species, new records and an emended generic diagnosis. Records of the Australian Museum 55: 117 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1379" title="Spiophanes species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from eastern Australia: with descriptions of new species, new records and an emended generic diagnosis." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1379" volume="55" year="2003">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7EAC9130E0E3CD39263B3CAC9CD2AAA3" originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Hutchings (2003)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymized
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. urceolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="urceolata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. urceolata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="971B79F2EBB01BE481DA80D3D03F9660" lsidName="S. urceolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="urceolata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6166D447B16CD77404C8157597A7CB09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. urceolata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. wigleyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wigleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wigleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="956A40941ADC003B9915F6D78D4A5C6C" lsidName="S. wigleyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wigleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E49CE36AEAFA65D2FE835A25B0D56F1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wigleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Pettibone, 1962. Additionally, the specimens from Japan formerly identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0030D14B0801F967D41F5E13E1FE7A2" lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="88A7E29294633F12923449B4BD58E21C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were morphologically reexamined and identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. cf. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3AAAF1172516A6F88F9B082A353965F9" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. cf. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B112" refString="Meissner, K, Blank, M, 2009. Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies. Zootaxa 2278: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" title="Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" volume="2278" year="2009">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A33F4267230A698F7D71D006E85A95B2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B112" refString="Meissner, K, Blank, M, 2009. Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies. Zootaxa 2278: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" title="Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" volume="2278" year="2009">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="38AFEC7CFDC92E0FD148454451EE44AF" originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Blank (2009)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. In the present study, the presence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB14F2EDB627F2E3BCABE55FA8A6EAA5" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A34E1B5B8401677D94CAB475E88D6A88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Japan was further supported by molecular analysis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="53460710A78CC51FFF4CB3F9CC98E80D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only a few larvae of this species were collected in Onagawa Bay in November 2011. The overall larval morphology of this species somewhat resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kroyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC52E76EA34F11B7E0E684145385AAAE" lsidName="S. kroyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D158A251AD0C9BB958A4E1A7F7E1ADA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="79FE69635FD22F6145F747A69FFED34E" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in the following aspects: prostomium is relatively small and anteriorly rounded, the peristomium is not quite sharply demarcated from the prostomium, nototrochs occur from chaetiger IV onwards, and the brown pigmentation is present on the pygidium and inside the pharynx. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kroyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05FA03B018CDD01B5C306FB84D03A5D1" lsidName="S. kroyeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8045D5F78687A04C39415ADB4FFC9765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kroyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lacks small red pigment spots on the lateral part of the body and lateral processes on the prostomium even in 22-chaetiger larvae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,166 +1,166 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
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<mods:title id="4D59F90638D1D0153346820220736538">Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="165C868C55E6C96D763BF3D8A07F99FE">Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212527" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="26251CE9-E6CE-56B1-A758-B2354C270278" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora cornuta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212527" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/26251CE9E6CE56B1A758B2354C270278" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<taxonomicName id="7A1B25EACD5458BEFDCCBB69D1EC88A4" ID-CoL="4L63D" LSID="26251CE9-E6CE-56B1-A758-B2354C270278" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora cornuta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="EE1BD8C6F7D52562524E4481AE44B26E" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E44E6D1F9EFC57D4D4DA657344B33ADA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="CBEF441F0A1D2203CF970EE559EC51C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BABDBEFFF1554E8EA2C23AF98E5C188A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Overall shape slender. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, median pair rounded, most lateral pairs double-eyes, ramified melanophores between first median and the second lateral pair of eyes usually present. In late larval stage, anterior part of prostomium and lateral lips of peristomium pigmented yellow or brown. Small spots of black pigments occur on lateral parts of peristomium. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of melanophores from chaetiger III with those of anterior four chaetigers band-shaped and then replaced by rounded or ramified melanophores from chaetiger VII onwards. Three rows of small faint dorsal spots of brown pigment present on posterior edge from chaetigers III or IV onwards in late larvae. Lateral pigment on chaetigers II, III, and often VI-XI extensive compared to that on other chaetigers. Large yellow or brown chromatophores occur ventrally from chaetigers V or VI onwards, usually three chromatophores arranged in transverse line except on gastrotroch-bearing chaetigers where single midventral chromatophores present. Black pigment spots occur on ventral side of body (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="AB8F5048E1214D5295D24B6181D4F569" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and mid-dorsal part on pygidium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="40C20E5BFC02EE1313D7DE9E8190F0BD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
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||||
). Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV and XVII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="EC3E600CDCD847EB9103C98EE742AA74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="9EFAA24959D659554DC0C261CC8C1E94" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0ECC40C4918D4DD8EF60C4DEBB69C0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from mud deposits in crevices of shells of living
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="11EBEAAB0206F89219A20CC6199D2E5A" lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="09C37C29B1503ED56E733DBE238CC556" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
oysters in Sasuhama in June 2011 and from intertidal bottom sediment in Gamo Lagoon in August 2012. This species was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2D0243594475FE0128F8BE477AA18D32" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
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<emphasis id="98F3C09EBC4ACC9F3A6F7202C9B65885" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as adult morphology agrees with the description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="861DB22BDC48028B8D15464D7406054A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60E727EC685DEBE74B646AA5A4ACC72E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1770/1770, 16S: 468/470 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6EF19FE0F17613485F1364EB02B251A3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" author="Rice, SA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="45 - 64" refId="B171" refString="Rice, SA, Karl, S, Rice, KA, 2008. The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct. Invertebrate Biology 127: 45 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" title="The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" volume="127" year="2008">Rice et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="42F1E6642AC6E620F337F03B757C3D0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="24C6635E74379EDEC75ECB1AA4902371" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" author="Rice, SA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="45 - 64" refId="B171" refString="Rice, SA, Karl, S, Rice, KA, 2008. The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct. Invertebrate Biology 127: 45 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" title="The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00104.x" volume="127" year="2008">Rice et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested that at least three sibling species may be involved in North America under the name of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C73AE7CA258E653A1E4BDBE146DDC03F" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E91F9AADE6328A67018A4968915432DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by differences of mitochondrial COI sequences between California, Florida, and Maine populations.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" author="Takata, N" journalOrPublisher="Eco-engineering" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 104" refId="B210" refString="Takata, N, Noguchi, D, Tanaka, M, Awakihara, H, 2011. Genetic characteristics of Polydora cornuta complex (Spionidae; Polychaeta) inhabiting an eutrophic port of Fukuyama. Eco-engineering 23: 101 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" title="Genetic characteristics of Polydora cornuta complex (Spionidae; Polychaeta) inhabiting an eutrophic port of Fukuyama." url="https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" volume="23" year="2011">Takata et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2B19F15E1A8811F2E4BDFA38ACDB642C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" author="Takata, N" journalOrPublisher="Eco-engineering" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 104" refId="B210" refString="Takata, N, Noguchi, D, Tanaka, M, Awakihara, H, 2011. Genetic characteristics of Polydora cornuta complex (Spionidae; Polychaeta) inhabiting an eutrophic port of Fukuyama. Eco-engineering 23: 101 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" title="Genetic characteristics of Polydora cornuta complex (Spionidae; Polychaeta) inhabiting an eutrophic port of Fukuyama." url="https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.23.101" volume="23" year="2011">Takata et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported that the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C01C8D269AAA360793E1AD7C5316F93" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EB59AC069FDBE3226B865635079B1C20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Fukuyama in the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan is genetically close with the California/New Zealand lineage. It is unclear to which lineage the eastern Japan populations belong. The 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 1.9% (5/421 bp) difference with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D0FD231C64A58445C1DB2D688A013797" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDA6746DFC0519FF2386A8A9FF7EDA13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Netherlands (KC686637).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1F5FAFE844518D9BDAFDD134AE24983" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Gamo Lagoon in August 2012. The larval morphology of this species generally agrees with the descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78CDB645D872B073D710EE4301B32924" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03069CDFC4C2387E7636989CAF0E88AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="070C9122E5F61501007723D1E692BB85" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4C50CA15381B70C8991B9F0F9D32B41" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D75F712D76FD13A3B918A26F86D0282E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1EB729F579AB934B6D7396ECC5EBC150" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B1C64346B2255B521B88D400DCD0344" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="578E8F6C6013ADA724BAE09D4F262A0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7F3C4806126809D008658ED6FE11B0D6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F3C952F87A571475B402A49E1C431BCE" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ligni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F590B048D97E400D55A289588E0C04FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. ligni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CBA5E8AFF3DB1691B89C4ACF57E2C059" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Peristomial melanophores, which were reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C3556CC2A9DD327798952E9186CDD0AF" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D622ED18AEAA9F560121C01375FCCD10" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
but not by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9D64C34723D84B38900447767CDBCE12" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and middorsal vesiculate melanophores, which were reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B9DC1CAE8CE0ABFD1CDC1EE0F3AB1995" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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but not described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="7901450ECDE878B25E71CDACE09F652E" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
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and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="709EC5DC1B58ED0D6E273F6D516BC5FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, were both present in specimens of the present study. Ventral pigmentation pattern was consistent with the description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="614BA11346D1309FB8C1C7AFBD8AAE92" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
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and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="7775447F0F795B94E6E41D805AA4FFE1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
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instead of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hannerz’s">Hannerz's</normalizedToken>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="7222B0CB3C903B046AFCFC4141D81E75" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">
|
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<normalizedToken id="7E9149F4136BD861A08C221C268CB6A7" originalValue="Hannerz’s">Hannerz's</normalizedToken>
|
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(1956)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
description. The larval dorsal pigmentation pattern, similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF8513FEA60376884366F05BFF652C08" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cornuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D97B5D452CE673EAD75A14DA1E43149" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is typically found in many other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="76B5347BF75692A7621BCB0837B3E56B" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="C92DFA117BBE56AB1D2C882B3EA130AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. This species can, however, be distinguished by the characteristic ventral yellow pigmentation pattern as the yellow pigment on the ventral side of the other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A3EEB9B8C3DABA694429F9257EDD3BD" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="7B5842F5F7834495D1258EA4A94D2F94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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species is diffusely scattered and does not appear regularly arranged when present (
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky 2005</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="C123E2BA5DFF5662DD18CD6DC06FEA04" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B147" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2005. On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" title="On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1064.1.1" volume="1064" year="2005">Radashevsky 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
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|
|
@ -1,83 +1,83 @@
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<treatment id="283E67855962512283A6C00DD7E311E5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:283E67855962512283A6C00DD7E311E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/283E67855962512283A6C00DD7E311E5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C787844EF80DE83DAF4329897B0F60D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="14C22C265781C2383FF154FAADF2634F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="283E6785-5962-5122-83A6-C00DD7E311E5" authority="Fabricius, 1785" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Spio Fabricius, 1785</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="452A486BD9351320F6C07F850066E9F8" ID-CoL="84TRT" LSID="283E6785-5962-5122-83A6-C00DD7E311E5" authority="Fabricius, 1785" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Spio Fabricius, 1785</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="491BD4F865BEC115C921276760704821" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9F29CCF8674A86848B87DB29842B97EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="17CED300A641E75CC37514711A8384D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall body shape long, slender, and weakly or moderately fusiform. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Lateral part of peristomium weakly demarcated from prostomium. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral often double-eyes. Dorsal pigmentation consists of transverse band-shaped or dot-like paired lateral melanophores. Some species lack black pigmentation. Ventral pigment usually absent. Dark-brown pigment may be present on pygidium. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers except first one or two chaetigers, where nuchal organs develop. Gastrotrochs occur regularly in every other chaetiger from chaetiger III onwards. Larval chaetae on first chaetiger usually fairly long. Branchiae develop in late larvae, first on chaetiger II or III. One pair of anal cirri present on pygidium in late larvae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FB17DC58A68B5B1DF935C4A89F17DAEE" author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as spionid larva C, E, and F;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A6D33FC47BF875E9420A2F4F28D1145F" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wu, BL" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 31" publicationUrl="http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYFZ196501001.htm" refId="B227" refString="Wu, BL, Chen, M, Sun, RP, 1965. On the occurrence of a spionid worm, Spio martinensis Mesnil in the Yellow Sea, with notes on its larval development. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 7: 25 - 31, http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYFZ196501001.htm" title="On the occurrence of a spionid worm, Spio martinensis Mesnil in the Yellow Sea, with notes on its larval development." url="http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYFZ196501001.htm" volume="7" year="1965">Wu et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C7B142A3266D17285F269B7CD09B3E26" author="Wu, BL" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 31" publicationUrl="http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYFZ196501001.htm" refId="B227" refString="Wu, BL, Chen, M, Sun, RP, 1965. On the occurrence of a spionid worm, Spio martinensis Mesnil in the Yellow Sea, with notes on its larval development. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 7: 25 - 31, http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYFZ196501001.htm" title="On the occurrence of a spionid worm, Spio martinensis Mesnil in the Yellow Sea, with notes on its larval development." url="http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HYFZ196501001.htm" volume="7" year="1965">Wu et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, JL" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B194" refString="Simon, JL, 1963. Reproduction and larval development of the spionid polychaete Spio setosa, Verrill. PhD thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham." title="Reproduction and larval development of the spionid polychaete Spio setosa, Verrill. PhD thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham." year="1963">Simon 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CAF496D131B044F5D220EE38745445DA" author="Simon, JL" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B194" refString="Simon, JL, 1963. Reproduction and larval development of the spionid polychaete Spio setosa, Verrill. PhD thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham." title="Reproduction and larval development of the spionid polychaete Spio setosa, Verrill. PhD thesis, University of New Hampshire, Durham." year="1963">Simon 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, JL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="398 - 431" publicationUrl="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1967/00000017/00000002/art00015" refId="B195" refString="Simon, JL, 1967. Reproduction and larval development of Spio setosa (Spionidae: Polychaeta). Bulletin of Marine Science 17: 398 - 431, https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1967/00000017/00000002/art00015" title="Reproduction and larval development of Spio setosa (Spionidae: Polychaeta)." url="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1967/00000017/00000002/art00015" volume="17" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D34C82208F780FC5100270AB5C3CF313" author="Simon, JL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="398 - 431" publicationUrl="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1967/00000017/00000002/art00015" refId="B195" refString="Simon, JL, 1967. Reproduction and larval development of Spio setosa (Spionidae: Polychaeta). Bulletin of Marine Science 17: 398 - 431, https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1967/00000017/00000002/art00015" title="Reproduction and larval development of Spio setosa (Spionidae: Polychaeta)." url="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1967/00000017/00000002/art00015" volume="17" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539868" author="Simon, JL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="503 - 515" refId="B196" refString="Simon, JL, 1968. Occurrence of pelagic larvae in Spio setosa Verrill 1873 (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 134: 503 - 515, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539868" title="Occurrence of pelagic larvae in Spio setosa Verrill 1873 (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539868" volume="134" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="829CFE571B81FA2F376FBF281669B374" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539868" author="Simon, JL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="503 - 515" refId="B196" refString="Simon, JL, 1968. Occurrence of pelagic larvae in Spio setosa Verrill 1873 (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 134: 503 - 515, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539868" title="Occurrence of pelagic larvae in Spio setosa Verrill 1873 (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539868" volume="134" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Guerin, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="321 - 339" refId="B61" refString="Guerin, JP, 1972. Rapports taxonomiques et developpement larvaire de Spio decoratus Bobretzky, 1871 (Annelide Polychete). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 13: 321 - 339" title="Rapports taxonomiques et developpement larvaire de Spio decoratus Bobretzky, 1871 (Annelide Polychete)." volume="13" year="1972">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin">Guerin</normalizedToken>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="99C13F079AD948D81170A08310DD8C72" author="Guerin, JP" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="321 - 339" refId="B61" refString="Guerin, JP, 1972. Rapports taxonomiques et developpement larvaire de Spio decoratus Bobretzky, 1871 (Annelide Polychete). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 13: 321 - 339" title="Rapports taxonomiques et developpement larvaire de Spio decoratus Bobretzky, 1871 (Annelide Polychete)." volume="13" year="1972">
|
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<normalizedToken id="056F30FE8095A05BB4D93230CF7554AD" originalValue="Guérin">Guerin</normalizedToken>
|
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1972
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="Mahasagar - Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 307" publicationUrl="http://www.ijs.nio.org/index.php/msagar/article/view/2382" refId="B206" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1981. Studies on the life-history of Spio filicornis (Muller 1776). Mahasagar - Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography 14: 303 - 307, http://www.ijs.nio.org/index.php/msagar/article/view/2382" title="Studies on the life-history of Spio filicornis (Muller 1776)." url="http://www.ijs.nio.org/index.php/msagar/article/view/2382" volume="14" year="1981">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C68EB0AE50B24EE2AFF04F571855FA6D" author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="Mahasagar - Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 307" publicationUrl="http://www.ijs.nio.org/index.php/msagar/article/view/2382" refId="B206" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1981. Studies on the life-history of Spio filicornis (Muller 1776). Mahasagar - Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography 14: 303 - 307, http://www.ijs.nio.org/index.php/msagar/article/view/2382" title="Studies on the life-history of Spio filicornis (Muller 1776)." url="http://www.ijs.nio.org/index.php/msagar/article/view/2382" volume="14" year="1981">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7A0B2F37450436AAFF79116E6F540A4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
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|
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@ -1,125 +1,125 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212515" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2A89B6F1-2882-5E15-B9B9-095DA6895234" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">Dipolydora cf. socialis (Schmarda, 1861)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7O</figureCitation>
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||||
<treatment id="2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212515" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A89B6F128825E15B9B9095DA6895234" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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||||
<subSubSection id="60108F825C5088939D91FD7F46BC9E58" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5B220C3E75B637A2E12F535D1530F4A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<taxonomicName id="C078DCFA582E708E7F80687AEFEDA41D" ID-CoL="36PZF" LSID="2A89B6F1-2882-5E15-B9B9-095DA6895234" authority="(Schmarda, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">Dipolydora cf. socialis (Schmarda, 1861)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3F5B737F70BDE870E4E9E3E3FC5B8CB5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7O</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F213A36143F0D5C0E8F87CAD33B2341B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C7C221501B6E5FDDE7A71086991D14B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2BBE5D8E18B4B66C7443294C15CC0C4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Late larvae usually thick and slightly fusiform in shape, although not as much as the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FECB7E8562C7CE152E547E7E26944B80" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B66054CFB4CCE49D83B23BED9B33AE44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C4953D69E6B17976E177A06635D29925" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7G</figureCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3869993C9CC724DAF907ADADF2886027" baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5F9CB9AE7FF08B063865C5BCAED1757B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="642FBA37D361B3312862E0F0254868FE" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34A4573039D09C983AC752AA796FCB6F" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EEE6F6EA3B63806A3ECEE247663B2390" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A-I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C4D13C3887FD1F8DEE26B73D7FA65524" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A-I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anterior margin of prostomium has yellow-brown pigment. Three pairs of black eyes arranged in transverse row, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Band of black pigment on each lateral part of the peristomium. First dorsal black melanophores occur as paired bands on chaetiger III and continue through to chaetiger V. From chaetiger VI, two pairs of dorsal black spots or bands occur and continue to posterior end of body. From chaetiger IV or V and continuing posteriorly, clusters of small black pigmented cells present in transverse row on dorsal posterior half of chaetigers. Lateral pigment found on late larvae on chaetiger II. Each notopodial lobe tipped with orange pigment, small patch of black pigment at the base of notopodial lobes. Ventral pigment consists of paired bars on posterior border of chaetigers, commencing with chaetiger II. Some black or brown pigment may occur on pygidium. Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV and XVII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="11CF9D502E73A021A7A2C5224F7B3052" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD659DC883BE137AE9F1F801BA48F867" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7173BE18D16753C042236FB0746C05E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from muddy bottom sediment at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in December 2010 by using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler and from bottom sediments of shallow subtidal zone in Sasuhama in April 2013. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="444918D0A8502F719863163D7EF4BC4A" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5E9A79342923883DE0B0E0914073F1E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1CD1AD69448E76ED57F0C0331F2169D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 0.35% (6/1715 bp) difference with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">D. cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE2349ABCEE889F0DA81CC2130E84BD0" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">D. cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South Africa (KY677899) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="79DAFA4401DFF06A60AB8C475AEBE5E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, which may indicate that these two are different species. The 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study rather closer to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. carunculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carunculata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. carunculata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="836EED20EE9696300921187F3534D3D8" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. carunculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carunculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8D23942908F5ED730BA30CEC8A49CE4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. carunculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(940/942 bp match) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1619 - 1624" refId="B155" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, 2013. Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae). Marine Biology 160: 1619 - 1624, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" title="Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" volume="160" year="2013">Radashevsky and Pankova (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84382DD12FE83CA00C02A492807AE22B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1619 - 1624" refId="B155" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, 2013. Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae). Marine Biology 160: 1619 - 1624, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" title="Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" volume="160" year="2013">Radashevsky and Pankova (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but the 16S gene sequence showed a 2.3% (11/475 bp) difference with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. carunculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carunculata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. carunculata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38CE6FB979D6F3049FFA4FD6781D02BF" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. carunculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carunculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D181543C163B76EF8EB427A3E2E3DD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. carunculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. As described above, since the taxonomic status of the species reported here is uncertain, we tentatively referred to it as
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">D. cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="890952C0F021A8E71D9DA646A7D5AD9F" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">D. cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F464D3ADC2A1C20BC09CB18B7D9D781C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Onagawa Bay in November 2010 and 2011, and in October 2012. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1770/1770, 16S: 473/475 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6BF5EE89440EBBDEEFFC934AB76EBC53" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The larval morphology of this species agrees with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83EBFE490297A3F333FB3E49FDA9A3D8" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. socialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81555F2ADF6518BB4382548C5D96E0A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B953EF4B554D9AF5AA2EFEF5C58A5F32" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E7971304F63FEAC05939D269047B9EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2D07C29B70F67CE768C54DAFE6BA68E2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="96A83CC46B30BEEBF779FB52BA4F98F9" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
|
|||
|
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D3D9DC9D8775508B5142AC40513FF66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D3D9DC9D8775508B5142AC40513FF66" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2D3D9DC9-D877-5508-B514-2AC40513FF66" authority="Fauvel, 1929" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1929" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio krusadensis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">Prionospio krusadensis Fauvel, 1929</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="2D3D9DC9D8775508B5142AC40513FF66" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D3D9DC9D8775508B5142AC40513FF66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D3D9DC9D8775508B5142AC40513FF66" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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<taxonomicName id="10F19CF9A6170CC80696B73CCA02F49C" ID-CoL="788DB" LSID="2D3D9DC9-D877-5508-B514-2AC40513FF66" authority="Fauvel, 1929" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1929" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio krusadensis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">Prionospio krusadensis Fauvel, 1929</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="4B84BE85836229E4CC104F74AE65A404" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EFF8FD84773E2D990578ADC48D83B834" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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||||
<paragraph id="A00ED91AF04E9DE6EAEAF9DC090FB873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="72F621EE82DF062B6A1108E3C8EB17A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Long and thin in shape. Prostomium rounded anteriorly, lateral parts of the peristomium not especially well demarcated. Two pairs of red eyes arranged somewhat in trapezoidal shape, lateral pair kidney-shaped and situated anteriorly. Body extremely transparent (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3E03CD6E62FF00BD78220BFD7A29EFF8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
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||||
). Green pigmentation on pharynx and pygidium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9509DC8C39AE3AB8F2627583E7C83558" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Caruncle develop in late larvae, extends posteriorly from posterior part of prostomium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="19FE2F0DEEF9B65FD0FD2C2671478E35" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
|
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). In late larvae, branchial anlages occur from chaetiger II, pygidium acquires anal cirri.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="16DF22C9C408724F0DEE5D7C91B3078E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph id="F42EC43CA18E8BAE6CD14B7907348DCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D82C44DF024A9FF43D182CE704F102C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from shallow subtidal muddy bottom sediments in Sasuhama in August 2011 by using a hand-scoop. The species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. krusadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. krusadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C60ACEA9923090926B6DFD9709DF2DAC" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. krusadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">
|
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<emphasis id="CD0F5D2EA970036E8117024BE15C787F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. krusadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the adult morphology agrees with the descriptions of this species by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B80" refString="Imajima, M, 1990a. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan II. The genus Prionospio (Aquilaspio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 16: 1 - 13" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan II. The genus Prionospio (Aquilaspio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="16" year="1990 a">Imajima (1990a)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E628DD004F31E416AE149EFAFBBB0F2D" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B80" refString="Imajima, M, 1990a. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan II. The genus Prionospio (Aquilaspio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 16: 1 - 13" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan II. The genus Prionospio (Aquilaspio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="16" year="1990 a">Imajima (1990a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1749/1749, 16S: 506/507 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="2C94C7FB4BB6F77A225B6AA25AE8DA6D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Planktonic larvae of this species were found in Sasuhama and Onagawa Bay in July and August, but they were rare in the plankton samples. Green pigmentation on the pharynx and pygidium is characteristic of the larvae of this species.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="6E4334BA17B5FF8A6D4B2E9C98B49106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Planktonic larvae of this species were found in Sasuhama and Onagawa Bay in July and August, but they were rare in the plankton samples. Green pigmentation on the pharynx and pygidium is characteristic of the larvae of this species.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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<mods:identifier id="B191EC484B9C246A5EEC75F2F826A7C5" type="Pensoft-UUID">AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F96B76AE5865439AE5ECDAB73AC1DBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F96B76AE5865439AE5ECDAB73AC1DBA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="2F96B76A-E586-5439-AE5E-CDAB73AC1DBA" authority="Wilson, 1990" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio coora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">Paraprionospio coora Wilson, 1990</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<treatment id="2F96B76AE5865439AE5ECDAB73AC1DBA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F96B76AE5865439AE5ECDAB73AC1DBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F96B76AE5865439AE5ECDAB73AC1DBA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3849C42699F251E9813E8DDEC61DA98D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C63120AFC64862C4F617531B68D32D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="929724FDEEEF7564386798CB7ABF3D2C" ID-CoL="4D9Q5" LSID="2F96B76A-E586-5439-AE5E-CDAB73AC1DBA" authority="Wilson, 1990" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio coora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">Paraprionospio coora Wilson, 1990</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BC10BFA8C8654C02787FAD7052C2438E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9271838CCA40184588DC81858C27E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A7F42AB8EB9F2A41180ECB0F8C019A90" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="71AEE5B7B9CCBA01D13977DCEE363781" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Long and thin in shape, quite large and long body with numerous chaetigers. Prostomium anteriorly rounded, lateral lips elevated from the ventrolateral side of prostomium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E96BDAC6CC0EC558A728ACE8F19DB49D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Late larvae acquire caruncle extending posteriorly from posterior part of prostomium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="41E118189080E110CB7A4436DA25F017" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Peristomium fuses with the first larval segment at late larval stage (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4BA8B6DAC23793B6C34A61B50BAF02D5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). First pair of branchiae well developed, branchial pinnation still absent. Two pairs of red eyes arranged in somewhat trapezoidal shape, lateral pair kidney-shaped, situated anteriorly. Posterior part of pygidium pigmented reddish brown, anal cirri develop in late larvae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="55B2B3140738A3EEB470CB7295A00595" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="63E00821C2D88B08511E6B723B6629CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="42F1E3C4CD62C5570DADD0D9DA4FA385" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1B45177E15E59694C823D4F9473373F" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="276C587A039F867CE8E2583EF73A0038" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E23837DFC09C38B68363DECA5B4EC1A6" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="22268354CB3038ABD06142EE892E2E84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio coora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio coora</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CE0F1D12458EEB5C4A5A7F54DCCB71F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A7489FA81304F2067CC2609D8A7C2F6" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio coora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="572D7129CE7B4D59E9FBF1681B21FDFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio coora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lateral view of 25-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A805EFB063CA2D1FB25EF8B22FE5D17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 33-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6C1F26DCB7623EB18F89F5C7E926EDC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1929" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio krusadensis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio krusadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9F9D9BCA8A8678FF4E5495C5D8C60CD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1BF2AA988E72DD388401CBCDE44E9402" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1929" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio krusadensis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BF39E17BAC637EC24350A0E048A5F4BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio krusadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lateral view of 17-chaetiger larvae
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Imajima" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio membranacea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio membranacea</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A0FEA6B8670120275D9CCE92C40BB8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9EF2A952E817DC6CB1D54100ABED8E21" authorityName="Imajima" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio membranacea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="86395BAAC7B94DFBD64D67B64A84478D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio membranacea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lateral view of 15-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F772A7583E54D5B649168C8053A99E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
), 20-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E521880E0CDEB0B4947EEB8EF0480B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
), and 24-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D4AFE2E2BD70A384C677F268D1A2863F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7823C1E88D9C5618F7077383D473DA31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="254F4282709DD27F1ED2E89669EF0715" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="56C70F9D879DC509EE47C25849688C50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 1, lateral view of 11-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E4A8871142B53C20ADACF649D877FCEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D682CD7F79E2B16E94D7706A90E4F678" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC5DCE3E0F36BAE0902D87BB79F21C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2, lateral view of 19-chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="980732D6A2F98801B8D81AB20E88CCB7" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C1BC9795F3243CC168C5C4433D4FDB40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="75155EED92FF318586A1BBDEE745C2B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9276F7581F2EA9DBF10F36840E84D389" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy bottom sediments at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in December 2011 by using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="377FE6030EF720CACE50B218928E31EF" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D00E4A8FB079E0C86AE34C60B3BAD69C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 284" refId="B241" refString="Yokoyama, H, 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 253 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" title="A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" volume="151" year="2007">Yokoyama (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F9589E910EA9D8F073B7F7EAE37A9934" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 284" refId="B241" refString="Yokoyama, H, 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 253 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" title="A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" volume="151" year="2007">Yokoyama (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and therefore this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2B823D32F5ADDE18F4EA27480EAE137" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="769AF5863116A77F2C21C7042C49970A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1754/1754, 16S: 500/500 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B782086BB89EADECE1D0916FB80F8464" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="06679434976143C398ED9F03D6DF3A2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only three planktonic larvae of this species were found in Onagawa Bay in November 2011 and Sasuhama in January 2013. The morphological characteristics and size of these larvae are similar to those in previous descriptions of the species from the same genus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4045B0EEC5CABBB48019679E57E59776" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 22" refId="B240" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1996. Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture 25: 17 - 22" title="Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay." volume="25" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9663B9C8F2725578107FA7E15350768A" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 22" refId="B240" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1996. Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture 25: 17 - 22" title="Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay." volume="25" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B3716E6FDC6F7B5D9E4824C5F9FE3CA" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A6C6B7A0173B673807A1749AD6E48308" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lack red pigmentation on the dorsolateral side of the lateral lips, which characterizes the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio patiens" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio patiens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E191454DBC6194784E2A9483C15FC28" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio patiens" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE547335548425F5D26C6F393C3AF7AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio patiens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Yokoyama, 2007 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0BCC6BE1465436723489DB16D1ED1017" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pinnata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pinnata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE54D17CE16CF79C1D5090D955AA4C77" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pinnata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3547F7599E3F92048EDC91D8505DB205" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pinnata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 284" refId="B241" refString="Yokoyama, H, 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 253 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" title="A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" volume="151" year="2007">Yokoyama 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="82CC0DFFA44ED902202FC5A751FB6F6C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 284" refId="B241" refString="Yokoyama, H, 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 253 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" title="A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" volume="151" year="2007">Yokoyama 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Additionally, lamellae of the first pair of branchiae in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF9C7E9730E67A2406EC79A7B5F0292C" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. coora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="212210CC44B966CC3D579A3C105D176B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. coora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are less developed in late larvae with more than 30 chaetigers (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FA484F297821E4C4358BC7D188D26800" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) compared with the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. patiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. patiens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96F398E532C6B46E57F392CB8770D90A" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. patiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E68133D323934242FD9493D5A409CC63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. patiens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B6018168FFAF23B59CCF1C85BE29B2FC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio cordifolia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio cordifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B85E4FCC632EDCA20BC736A379F00FB7" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio cordifolia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1C55EBCBACA1B1FB4C70E99448BAF4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio cordifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Yokoyama, 2007 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 22" refId="B240" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1996. Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture 25: 17 - 22" title="Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay." volume="25" year="1996">Yokoyama 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F7C841AF6CDA727A2D225C2A3C9F537E" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 22" refId="B240" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1996. Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture 25: 17 - 22" title="Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay." volume="25" year="1996">Yokoyama 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="80A589722EC811349ACC6D915718CA34" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="40D9B39A825F877D236C78D0AE38C06D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. form B: see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 284" refId="B241" refString="Yokoyama, H, 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 253 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" title="A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" volume="151" year="2007">Yokoyama 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D8B816002BC981FDAF8C2822AB805C62" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 284" refId="B241" refString="Yokoyama, H, 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 253 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" title="A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00323.x" volume="151" year="2007">Yokoyama 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="81FD518DFF40C23F765D5A52B085A0FF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested that the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB91A55D6ADB7FBF0859EA61BBC3CB86" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1C700FF5E569E936DC66836272B81AAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are the largest in size and number of chaetigers at metamorphosis among the spionid larvae. However, late larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Claparede in Ehlers" authorityYear="1875" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poecilochaetus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4561B0967789CB654E92A43213A3D5EE" authorityName="Claparede in Ehlers" authorityYear="1875" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="620A32B960F7184301F2681C619537F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poecilochaetus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exceeding 5 mm (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400109X" author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 100" refId="B106" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Bailey-Brock, JH, Santos, CSG, 2015. A new species and two new records of Poecilochaetus (Polychaeta: Poecilochaetidae) from Hawaii. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95: 91 - 100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400109X" title="A new species and two new records of Poecilochaetus (Polychaeta: Poecilochaetidae) from Hawaii." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400109X" volume="95" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3073140F37F4FB425169C11E0245CE4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400109X" author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 100" refId="B106" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Bailey-Brock, JH, Santos, CSG, 2015. A new species and two new records of Poecilochaetus (Polychaeta: Poecilochaetidae) from Hawaii. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95: 91 - 100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400109X" title="A new species and two new records of Poecilochaetus (Polychaeta: Poecilochaetidae) from Hawaii." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400109X" volume="95" year="2015">
|
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<normalizedToken id="B1E00EEA593EBF644B6DA82D825A71A1" originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2015
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and with more than 40 chaetigers are often reported (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B0DB64AF631A57703B196317E3258E0F" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="404A3E3A38021AE0EA5E4F12B84CEC58" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,72 +1,72 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314F222137AF54EF8BF1D86815EBE8C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314F222137AF54EF8BF1D86815EBE8C3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="314F222137AF54EF8BF1D86815EBE8C3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314F222137AF54EF8BF1D86815EBE8C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314F222137AF54EF8BF1D86815EBE8C3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
|
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<subSubSection id="E6577F9140A1CF504C9D730A4AD94532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
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||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="314F2221-37AF-54EF-8BF1-D86815EBE8C3" authority="Grube, 1860" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Spiophanes Grube, 1860</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="069F8617AFEFED3E5482AF425540FFD2" ID-CoL="84TRY" LSID="314F2221-37AF-54EF-8BF1-D86815EBE8C3" authority="Grube, 1860" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Spiophanes Grube, 1860</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3911757427ABE7856F9FC53BC0B5A650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2F707C2CAA263C7A7F200A05C904137C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC7F1B0AF3EC0B003AF94609241A3013" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall shape slender. Prostomium small or broad, rounded or slightly notched anteriorly. Lateral parts of the peristomium slightly or moderately demarcated from the prostomium, palps on lateral-most parts of peristomium. Two pairs of red eyes present. In late larvae, a pair of prominent or small antero-lateral processes on prostomium are often developed. Melanophore absent, some pigmentation patches of various colors are present on pharynx, proctodaeum, prostomium, peristomium, pygidium, and/or various locations of the body in late larvae. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetigers II-IV onwards. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger II onwards (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="39CF360572E4901E7589DE2E2223A633" author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="DEF721C331F85B27F94C723917A4EF65" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D7717B7308DC711EAA0BE9B1D2C1E647" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="02F66DC84463E02B0B664C0D0F9C5A97" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="46E247F079E52ABA71DD9306EE17B63B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3170EFC77FFB56E1A64CB53FB9BCF226" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3170EFC77FFB56E1A64CB53FB9BCF226" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3170EFC7-7FFB-56E1-A64C-B53FB9BCF226" authority="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe, 2017" authorityName="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe" authorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora tsubaki" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">Pseudopolydora tsubaki Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe, 2017</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9G, H</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="E9F0C830D6E702578175704B023C042D" ID-CoL="85RXC" LSID="3170EFC7-7FFB-56E1-A64C-B53FB9BCF226" authority="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe, 2017" authorityName="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe" authorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora tsubaki" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">Pseudopolydora tsubaki Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe, 2017</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="C1CC238B3886094AFDD3DE8E1C4FEC2E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9G, H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="C7CE07506B08FCFC7BAB5884E32FABBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="277ECF8BBEA7D7D5A66514AB72BD8216" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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Overall larval shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, comprising one pair of rounded median eyes, one pair of large lateral eyes, and one pair of large anterior eyes. Lateral and anterior pairs of eyes link with each other and form dumbbell-shapes almost divided into two equal parts by a deep constriction. Mid-dorsal ramified melanophore present on chaetiger I in early larvae. Mid-dorsal melanophore on chaetiger I occasionally absent or expanded to finely ramified melanophore in late larvae. A paired of melanophores occur dorso-laterally from chaetiger II onwards, usually finely ramified in late larvae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="42A1AFF6B8663692BE8774CE76B6B73F" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9H</figureCitation>
|
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). Ramified melanophores cover almost entire ventral surface on chaetigers III-VII in 11-chaetiger larvae. Black pigment spots on sides of peristomium absent. Conspicuous large black pigment on pygidium. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V and VII in 11-chaetiger larvae.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="85619D99DE87AC9B2176B904BC83D29F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="A7510CF19EBFFA2741FEAE773C7D9C3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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Adult individuals were collected from mud deposits in crevices of shells of living
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="42223661CF43BBFC79542FFD51C5315F" lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="013F4F2E532B6C8DFB4D456EEF186083" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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oysters in Habu Port, Izu-Oshima Island, and Tomiura, Boso Peninsula in April 2016. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE20BF5E6FCEF4674B3DD69C177D4F99" authorityName="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe" authorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora tsubaki" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3C5A8B8BFA52237B414B1727FD62F50D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0751-y" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 42" refId="B202" refString="Simon, CA, Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, 2019a. Hidden diversity within the cosmopolitan species Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparede, 1869) (Spionidae: Annelida). Marine Biodiversity 49: 25 - 42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0751-y" title="Hidden diversity within the cosmopolitan species Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparede, 1869) (Spionidae: Annelida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0751-y" volume="49" year="2019 a">Simon et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EEEBBBEDEF1D5769371E3786A3D3A7F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0751-y" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 42" refId="B202" refString="Simon, CA, Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, 2019a. Hidden diversity within the cosmopolitan species Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparede, 1869) (Spionidae: Annelida). Marine Biodiversity 49: 25 - 42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0751-y" title="Hidden diversity within the cosmopolitan species Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparede, 1869) (Spionidae: Annelida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0751-y" volume="49" year="2019 a">Simon et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, these individuals were identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tsubaki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFB706411FBE4A6FCF18A05B365E38EF" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tsubaki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DE103565288397B0C91E953EE11D19D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="954C205605C6A5D38F449A55CCE2D1A0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FDA936650622EE3A3CC431ED718A66DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
A small number of planktonic larvae of this species were collected in Habu Port and Tomiura in May and June 2016. The larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tsubaki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8658D4D17CBF88636E7E535F727E4524" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tsubaki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6080C2E65540DB0ACE06C97DDEB16B77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Carazzi" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora pulchra" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="980A5C319B384266C5CBD5D19F8581C7" baseAuthorityName="Carazzi" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora pulchra" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2A5CFE9DD85E0BEE4F63AC230BEE3C89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Carazzi, 1893) in having ramified melanophores covering the ventral side; however, these cover only the central part of the body in the former species, whereas those of latter species cover the ventral surface almost entirely (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F0340A2EC91F5976B582690707B6EC76" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Carazzi" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora pulchra" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56D9554DF91B3E8978DEC0859314CB2B" baseAuthorityName="Carazzi" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora pulchra" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8874D5556C4FDCFECB3FF11D2F40E16C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Rullier, F" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biolgie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 250" refId="B175" refString="Rullier, F, 1963. Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi. Cahiers de Biolgie Marine 4: 233 - 250" title="Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi." volume="4" year="1963">Rullier 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B22FC84B417ED600667B937A671CA305" author="Rullier, F" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biolgie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 250" refId="B175" refString="Rullier, F, 1963. Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi. Cahiers de Biolgie Marine 4: 233 - 250" title="Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi." volume="4" year="1963">Rullier 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Carazzi" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora pulchra" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="456A9202217C228BAC9041EA745DA7D9" baseAuthorityName="Carazzi" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora pulchra" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9A87631FAC11903C3978F670DEBD09F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The dorsal pigment pattern is also different in these two species: two pairs of melanophores are distinct in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C80980160B4CB5330EA23932ACB6686" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pulchra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="72A801EFBB9BF98FAADF61153CEBCDF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whereas the melanophore pair is ambiguous in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tsubaki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3F4330687049E1F8669D8A3F8B63387" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. tsubaki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A6CD22152BCCC41FD42353D526D2254" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,122 +1,122 @@
|
|||
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||||
<mods:identifier id="022067C82602C4436BF4759A4DA3EE48" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="16E986007EAF19EDC7F9A9FDC667C2C2" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1015-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="107ABDD65AD0127F958A6297E0C97978" type="ZooBank">F6BD92139DB74564AA003C61B2F43B2D</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="ACCE1815EE9106839B03BF169738E2CD" type="Pensoft-UUID">AF1641758561525C8D40BBF3F895FA8A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39451B26B2385A08B833DEB4A7328E25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39451B26B2385A08B833DEB4A7328E25" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<treatment id="39451B26B2385A08B833DEB4A7328E25" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39451B26B2385A08B833DEB4A7328E25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39451B26B2385A08B833DEB4A7328E25" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3ED2C77F9391AFEB31095BCBD31E0536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="364AD30C42B0F734D9CD1643F5DA898A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="39451B26-B238-5A08-B833-DEB4A7328E25" authority="Verrill, 1879" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Dipolydora Verrill, 1879</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50D830DB4AC1A5DB6F4B9E63617D6ED1" ID-CoL="84PQG" LSID="39451B26-B238-5A08-B833-DEB4A7328E25" authority="Verrill, 1879" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Dipolydora Verrill, 1879</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E58F346646B64345C5763E4515CBC01B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E44C9C1AB6AA9524CAEF7053288F954" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4C5EF5608C8065BD6081E3ECEBA7E023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall shape slender or slightly fusiform. Prostomium small rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs often double-eyes. Ramified melanophore between central and lateral pairs of eyes usually absent, but present in some species (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A957060E50860877086B52D10F2B9D3F" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Dorsal pigment pattern consists of two rows of band or spot shaped melanophores or a transverse row of small melanophores at each chaetiger in most species, while some species have single row of branching mid-dorsal melanophores (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9DF2273C55C7B0D26EDED937C6F80D1B" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) or completely lack melanophores (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. armata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. armata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A5B9EE6173DDA382907E129E4EC49F7" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. armata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B17480308070DF5A3D6923EDD7D5553C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. armata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Lateral and ventral pigments are present or absent. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers except the first two chaetigers. Gastrotrochs occur in irregular pattern. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4E71D96FBCE072640EAED27254448379" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="242C1D0D703B1182E36F876205CA1EA2" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4B1F030EA60CB0FF4F71629E1B282240" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="49E9F89B3B3EC9A1A05DCA66AE032F79" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2A1CA77A31E8A9A63F6B2156C34453C8" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92EBDF58ABA78F4CA094A9FD5F2C355F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B90E2378035495F6FB9CA8AE6D89359E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F03F62C2DC0815ED724AA3883F8DC7C" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED9C4A075401F9F6715A2186D74F922A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="74104BEC7D66FA481A706B912E7CD2F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62ABF96B3329A52FF12AF59F586549F3" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8C559E7FF089BB4B76FF74DB9FE6D49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C5E6650070147D558A2CD5DD6130A23E" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="986A8484C2AEF4C05F6A1A99B85205DB" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82BD59915FBCDF2CCEEF029D04780A6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C91960E5F3294C7E8AD30B0A5120F9B1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA6ED04B6B56BE254D1D5C501BC910CD" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16A8C3AD3051FA0A5D0A025C168A267A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F18C57F4D77E4F9F2B8DE459F0632A1F" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA04669FDD006A3549AE0BA79910E1C4" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="157E8836FB41E910CFB3B469B34562C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="434A58AF03CF8DDFE4047EFAE82F1ECB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CE5F6E72FBCB9DB10A6E1DF07A7E687" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CC161AB7796ADD25FA494600E6BD3133" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; Lewis 1998;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D1135AF0CBE52D3AD305DDD51523AFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D1135AF0CBE52D3AD305DDD51523AFD" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="3D1135AF-0CBE-52D3-AD30-5DDD51523AFD" authority="Claparede, 1864" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1864" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<taxonomicName id="86556BA33A931EC4C8ED6FEA822EB06E" ID-CoL="84LGG" LSID="3D1135AF-0CBE-52D3-AD30-5DDD51523AFD" authority="Claparede, 1864" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1864" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
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Aonides
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, 1864
|
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8EE58DCF45A522AB45F62D63DCCCA52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
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|
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The overall shape slender. Prostomium rounded or rectangular anteriorly. The lateral parts of the peristomium more or less demarcated from prostomium. Two pairs of red eyes present. Melanophore absent, some brown or dark pigmentation may be present in pharynx and pygidium. Larval chaetae coarsely or slightly serrated. Larval chaetae in first chaetiger very long, extend beyond pygidium in late trochophore and early nectochaete stages. Nototrochs develop in late larval stages. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger II onwards. Two pairs of pygidial cirri develop in late larval stage. The body of early larvae covered by egg envelope, yellowish opaque appearance with abundant yolk. Two parallel rows of encircling vesicles of egg envelope present in pretrochophore and trochophore stages. Holopelagic lecithotrophic development unique among spionids (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="BEE6A09AF07725EE63098B4BE07F77B0" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="AB68D6B8B4137967FBDD13131104AF8E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1951" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dispio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dispio uncinata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dispio uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDD328DFBA035E19C55F46C63339A0FF" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1951" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dispio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dispio uncinata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
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<emphasis id="8476CBF2B38CB2D49530D6947593EE13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dispio uncinata</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hartman, 1951: see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.553410" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="168 - 174" refId="B159" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Alexandrova, YN, Yurchenko, OV, 2011. Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa ultrastructure of Aonides oxycephala (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 55: 168 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.553410" title="Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa ultrastructure of Aonides oxycephala (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.553410" volume="55" year="2011">Radashevsky et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2FA30CCFA44B4D3A5704F0793702C019" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.553410" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="168 - 174" refId="B159" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Alexandrova, YN, Yurchenko, OV, 2011. Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa ultrastructure of Aonides oxycephala (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 55: 168 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.553410" title="Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa ultrastructure of Aonides oxycephala (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.553410" volume="55" year="2011">Radashevsky et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB7764F084748BB71CE0C8E2940687E7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. uncinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37360577CCD7C762529AEF8BEEF636E2" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. uncinata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53E311C368A1F688283BFE89EDC8CA08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,123 +1,123 @@
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<taxonomicName LSID="47575CD0-108E-5172-96BE-A0A2071A912C" authority="Zachs, 1933" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">Spiophanes aff. uschakowi Zachs, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4O, P</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="A541524B2B628F4AB0C473AE386A2E98" ID-CoL="6ZBHQ" LSID="47575CD0-108E-5172-96BE-A0A2071A912C" authority="Zachs, 1933" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">Spiophanes aff. uschakowi Zachs, 1933</taxonomicName>
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||||
<figureCitation id="67F90F0891BB88C230922B8F4C6E073C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape slender. Prostomium broad and slightly notched anteriorly. In late larvae, a pair of prominent antero-lateral processes on prostomium developed. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes present, lateral ones situated somewhat anteriorly. Lateral parts of peristomium moderately demarcated from prostomium, palps on lateral-most parts of peristomium. Nototrochs occur from chaetiger II onwards. Pharynx and proctodaeum black in color internally. Pygidium acquires dorsal cirri in late larvae. Some brownish, yellowish, or greenish pigmentation occurred on various locations of body in late larvae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="17EB92B029C1765767E4B24E4961B775" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="84535A285F161F6089D48FC6A5C9CEA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D7EE218B4DC4492BF6E2E65834480E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape slender. Prostomium broad and slightly notched anteriorly. In late larvae, a pair of prominent antero-lateral processes on prostomium developed. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes present, lateral ones situated somewhat anteriorly. Lateral parts of peristomium moderately demarcated from prostomium, palps on lateral-most parts of peristomium. Nototrochs occur from chaetiger II onwards. Pharynx and proctodaeum black in color internally. Pygidium acquires dorsal cirri in late larvae. Some brownish, yellowish, or greenish pigmentation occurred on various locations of body in late larvae.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C00DC4CD6D4F7FBF973B625A31C1CE04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C2E97C62264B7B63044A0B89850C437" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8D56FE1D9686F515CCA610CF32FD6F5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy bottom sediments at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in April and May 2012 by using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler and from bottom sediments of the shallow subtidal zone in Sasuhama in February 2012. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. cf. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2581970F4099C613956E1128006431DA" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. cf. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B112" refString="Meissner, K, Blank, M, 2009. Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies. Zootaxa 2278: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" title="Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" volume="2278" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B8A64D87CC2156DB6021E1CD0E9F1114" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B112" refString="Meissner, K, Blank, M, 2009. Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies. Zootaxa 2278: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" title="Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) - a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1" volume="2278" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken id="D00EED8458C3548AEAE7F93144641BC8" originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
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and Blank (2009)
|
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|
||||
as well as with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56932C70C4DADB37BBB6AC31F9985EEB" lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
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<emphasis id="D619ED3996A6B14706C73BCB41E31864" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 137" refId="B84" refString="Imajima, M, 1991b. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 17: 115 - 137" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="17" year="1991 b">Imajima (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FDA5B49E74FFB7AAE3C4F5EFC9242DD1" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 137" refId="B84" refString="Imajima, M, 1991b. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 17: 115 - 137" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="17" year="1991 b">Imajima (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, the 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences of this species did not match those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82D65124C0B26BCBF7DF4E47868486A7" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9FAD5E290CBE19956F3EBB5569AFCEAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
obtained from DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank (KM998760): there was a 0.29% (5/1750 bp) and 0.88% (3/342) difference, respectively between these two species. Therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. aff. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB6B8ED828B58A73113B52ECEDC07906" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. aff. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D78AA57B51714714C4748B5FD32A3388" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3AD36B690195092DF881942EC7EE7DBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were collected in Onagawa Bay in November 2011 and in Sasuhama in February 2012. The larval morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. aff. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A25E7AF65B93D7637C46BBA5E997049" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S. aff. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was different from that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E42BBCB65B31612F580F0DCAA95A3F0B" lsidName="S. uschakowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF8E85854B6E132C90B7D57CAFAB8076" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the following aspects: prostomium of the former is broad and slightly notched anteriorly, whereas that of the latter is relatively small and anteriorly rounded; the peristomium of the former is well demarcated from the prostomium, but that of the latter is relatively less demarcated; nototrochs of the former occur from chaetiger II onwards, whereas those of the latter occur from chaetiger IV onwards; pigmentation inside the pharynx is black in the former but brown in the latter; and black pigmentation in the proctodaeum is present in the former but absent in the latter. Black pigmentation in the pharynx and proctodaeum were also reported in the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC4A0C4874DCBD97A24F26ADAC92E5D5" lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="277A125E430935601ADF7ACC5BB32329" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bombyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2674AAB38F9ABBFF3808D964F2E4113E" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">S. cf. bombyx</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5DA6B05511D6F656B211F37A131B550E" lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">S. cf. bombyx</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="644EA0AD3E154BBC9C364E651F2DCBC5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. duplex" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="duplex">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. duplex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF69D7DFADC6D0F33B23ADDA972E59A9" lsidName="S. duplex" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="duplex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7EBF5C3F034D9E052AA0DF1848FEE13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. duplex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Chamberlin, 1919) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D4D1679E5B0B4F2888CADE4A710C07EE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the illustrations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">S. cf. bombyx</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96EC56E12095F6177D8AB9016F2BA518" lsidName="S. bombyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bombyx">S. cf. bombyx</taxonomicName>
|
||||
provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0A97DCF87934D0F4687895D79C78DAC7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 13.10C, D) are seemingly more similar to larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E00C1C61A27004C24FD663891D9A7785" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9616CCE6037B75B0B0AE3AEEF8298958" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E2CE2F6DCA720A4952B3B485A2B9CA39" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="136A8984F887BFBE3DDA7A088331B083" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,71 +1,71 @@
|
|||
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Genus
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3ED90FFF4961E41E8379D3F46F55B96C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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Overall shape thick and fusiform. Prostomium extensively broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs usually double-eyes. More than two pairs of dorsal melanophores from chaetiger III onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments present. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers except first two. Gastrotrochs occur in irregular pattern. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae (Rullier 1960, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1920" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora redeki" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="redeki">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora redeki</emphasis>
|
||||
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|
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<emphasis id="263C5B944092842B278B3F73B4DF9CE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora redeki</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" author="Dean, D" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B52" refString="Dean, D, Blake, JA, 1966. https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" year="1966">Dean and Blake 1966</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D4CFBA619CD622D4BEE71DAD375A048F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" author="Dean, D" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B52" refString="Dean, D, Blake, JA, 1966. https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" year="1966">Dean and Blake 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
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, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="846EEB39E28CBBBD9BB54A044FB11573" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4094DCA1D95063478189D1BEFE302F61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
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</paragraph>
|
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212495" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D1DED37FA9A5668BDD3C30FCDC38068" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D1DED37FA9A5668BDD3C30FCDC38068" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="4D1DED37-FA9A-5668-BDD3-C30FCDC38068" authority="Czerniavsky, 1881" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881</taxonomicName>
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||||
Overall body shape thick and fusiform. Prostomium broad and rounded or gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral often double-eyes. Mid-dorsal melanophore on the first chaetiger present in many species, absent in some species. Dorsal pigmentation consists of one or two pairs of branching melanophores (except
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rosebelae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rosebelae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rosebelae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="61688CC3ADD4B861AFE20FD483CEC312" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rosebelae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rosebelae">
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<emphasis id="5A00F4AED50204001AAA4D87D307F433" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rosebelae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: mid-dorsal single row of melanophores present). Lateral and ventral pigments present or absent. Nototrochs occur in all chaetigers except first two chaetigers. Gastrotrochs occur in irregular pattern. Modified chaetae in chaetiger V and ventral hooded hooks from chaetiger VIII onwards develop in late larvae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="85FEB985145E0ECD51A1E83267AFE958" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD304A39A3953F303E88ECC9A96196CF" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D98D664282574D50FD9B1AFF87C605F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Rullier, F" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biolgie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 250" refId="B175" refString="Rullier, F, 1963. Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi. Cahiers de Biolgie Marine 4: 233 - 250" title="Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi." volume="4" year="1963">Rullier 1963</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="4A8274F6FA5F0ED79893FF6495C090EF" author="Rullier, F" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biolgie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 250" refId="B175" refString="Rullier, F, 1963. Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi. Cahiers de Biolgie Marine 4: 233 - 250" title="Developpement de Polydora (Carazzia) antennata Clap. var. pulchra Carazzi." volume="4" year="1963">Rullier 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE463329CB1D231C5BB3B5FF72DF1088" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C0789F4C12E5E03E59F6A9B612D3D32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1973.10430115" author="Rasmussen, E" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 495" refId="B167" refString="Rasmussen, E, 1973. Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark). Ophelia 11: 1 - 495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1973.10430115" title="Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1973.10430115" volume="11" year="1973">Rasmussen 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="17A478E898C2DFA8472CFA6E0DF2E3A9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1973.10430115" author="Rasmussen, E" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 495" refId="B167" refString="Rasmussen, E, 1973. Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark). Ophelia 11: 1 - 495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1973.10430115" title="Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1973.10430115" volume="11" year="1973">Rasmussen 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick 1975</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE217D53CE361C97A3170991EAE7B85E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1977. Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO/NIO, 671-677." title="Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO / NIO, 671 - 677." year="1977">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B094C58C72CCBA49AEC190834C0923E6" author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1977. Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO/NIO, 671-677." title="Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO / NIO, 671 - 677." year="1977">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wu, BL" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 364" refId="B226" refString="Wu, BL, Chen, M, 1980. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda). Acta Zoologica Sinica 26: 356 - 364" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda)." volume="26" year="1980">Wu and Chen 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="12D4E7FFFDA91BF4DF8AD23304636C2F" author="Wu, BL" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 364" refId="B226" refString="Wu, BL, Chen, M, 1980. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda). Acta Zoologica Sinica 26: 356 - 364" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda)." volume="26" year="1980">Wu and Chen 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 46" refId="B141" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1983. Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 38 - 46" title="Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1983">Radashevsky 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="58884EEEE113640031D4BD2193D55228" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 46" refId="B141" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1983. Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 38 - 46" title="Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1983">Radashevsky 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B142" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1985. The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 39 - 46" title="The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="738ADA12763E8B5C5C6FCBD87F374B32" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B142" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1985. The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 39 - 46" title="The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A2CEB84C9C69A05FBD800F2E7D8940FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DA585CAF10EE4247E9C8B6B75C9766E" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="86881F58862E57F3E84E265F88BD9DA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672387" author="Hsieh, H-L" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction and Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 214" refId="B75" refString="Hsieh, H-L, 1994. Larval development and substrate preference at settlement in Pseudopolydora diopatra (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 25: 205 - 214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672387" title="Larval development and substrate preference at settlement in Pseudopolydora diopatra (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672387" volume="25" year="1994">Hsieh 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="0702BDA2E7F71416A8BDBC2D40B3EE5B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672387" author="Hsieh, H-L" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction and Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 214" refId="B75" refString="Hsieh, H-L, 1994. Larval development and substrate preference at settlement in Pseudopolydora diopatra (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 25: 205 - 214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672387" title="Larval development and substrate preference at settlement in Pseudopolydora diopatra (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672387" volume="25" year="1994">Hsieh 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="40FB2828352A583AF37340FD8E6CC980" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540800177X" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="461 - 468" refId="B154" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Migotto, AE, 2009. Morphology and biology of a new Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89: 461 - 468, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540800177X" title="Morphology and biology of a new Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540800177X" volume="89" year="2009">Radashevsky and Migotto 2009</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="141267EC93EFFD31372565FE89F86654" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540800177X" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="461 - 468" refId="B154" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Migotto, AE, 2009. Morphology and biology of a new Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89: 461 - 468, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540800177X" title="Morphology and biology of a new Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540800177X" volume="89" year="2009">Radashevsky and Migotto 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="253F0AFE1DD2CC1302A453C241CB6EFB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
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@ -1,192 +1,192 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="E51E149FABE96DF86F1F9032EFA9A594">Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3722C99FEA592DBF5CFF139D66FFE4A">Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F79B77EED76D766A174C61F32E40EB3" type="email">habe@iwate-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 468 - 1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 - 8572, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="222833A8D7E4F6421DD571E2EE159244">Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC510FB30FCCABEF66CD787EDDBEBDDB">Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 468 - 1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 - 8572, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:538BB56EFE4F54418877463B01FBB22D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/538BB56EFE4F54418877463B01FBB22D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="538BB56E-FE4F-5441-8877-463B01FBB22D" authority="Zachs, 1933" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora brevipalpa" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="538BB56EFE4F54418877463B01FBB22D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:538BB56EFE4F54418877463B01FBB22D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/538BB56EFE4F54418877463B01FBB22D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<subSubSection id="878BCE3EB11230F48495E86343FCEE2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B77FBC6E5F0932433C82F479BC27AB16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="73F533B4127AF51328883A16F2014912" ID-CoL="4L62T" LSID="538BB56E-FE4F-5441-8877-463B01FBB22D" authority="Zachs, 1933" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora brevipalpa" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="1B749AD01C15D56F26EB4E3618C6496C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="B041B20343D4EF827E97E6C213F2DE7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="58E298AC04FFA87AE9A5F778266B54FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC88F2F18DFB104B59FA4F6923255701" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Overall shape slender and slightly fusiform. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, innermost pair rounded, lateral pairs double-eyes, ramified melanophore between innermost and lateral two pairs of eyes usually present. Black pigment on lateral peristomium absent. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of melanophores from chaetiger III. Dorsal melanophores undergo expansion and contraction, may expand to branching melanophores or ramified appearance or covered almost whole of dorsal surface by very finely ramified black pigments (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="911B62C908F220DA41B1E816984EB637" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), or they contract to dot-like pigmentation patches (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="0DFDA1A434720B6299A76C15EB638DF2" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Lateral and ventral pigments absent. Vestibule and pharynx pigmented with black, gut pigmented with orange color. Modified chaetae develop on chaetiger V in late larvae. Gastrotrochs occur on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV, and XVII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F9">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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<caption id="7A95AA08B433079362BCE105AAA2D9BC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="A7DAC4468732A4970134924B7E59DC48" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="9D8EBF192D7FB7E393F6B6A17BF14AB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="815B9E4FA57523ACA5C09C66BE2D53DF" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="1DE3E769F52B83399C2CC7A69A0F4277" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora brevipalpa" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora brevipalpa</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="3A5F61758E3613E95F3191852FA503DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5D2012257F71A6A9BE0352C676CE43F8" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora brevipalpa" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
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||||
<emphasis id="DECC99215352600F73DCB1A07E8B7135" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora brevipalpa</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 15-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DACF08DA33CB3B9CC9AD7B51E0CF0F4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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||||
) and 17-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D31CC50A301C5E45C61A6B3DF3AE5925" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora cornuta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora cornuta</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E051ACA3138EDDAA7AA27CD9280B2876" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="200B2EDF81DECF127D44D746B4AFFBC6" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora cornuta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cornuta">
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<emphasis id="C251F0941B4FE025533D19E5EB202663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora cornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsolateral view of 11-chaetiger larva (
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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||||
<emphasis id="19245679EBB0FF8769556839638109CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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||||
) and ventral view of 17-chaetiger larva (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="66743CBA931952F91D5B5A6D21594A8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="8BE9D90C9F729895963A4CFF80022105" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="AB88CCB9B83767DC3D1705F8D8199B3C" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">Polydora cf. glycymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 25-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hoplura" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hoplura">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hoplura</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6DCCDD9E455B4FDB7DA67E5B7246C952" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45788573F2A380B186E6ABCAF2534F9E" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1868" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hoplura" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hoplura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2CADA1BCB5ADFEEB47D4A0C70572EE7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hoplura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 15-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Teramoto, Sato-Okoshi, Abe, Nishitani & Endo" authorityYear="2013" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora onagawaensis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="onagawaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora onagawaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="84E59AFD0CAB94D6DF95525919AE284E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F96CA67C2F1FB2BE299C190587A7F96E" authorityName="Teramoto, Sato-Okoshi, Abe, Nishitani & Endo" authorityYear="2013" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora onagawaensis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="onagawaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6936AABCE802E485EAFBB7FF2EFF268F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora onagawaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 10-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2AFAD1B5E95F23734CA778A627205DFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 18-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6B544AB419AD921CCB08FF878022B42F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
), and lateral view of 16-chaetiger larva (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95A26EE02C9AB330109526578AEEA09" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berkley & Berkeley" authorityYear="1950" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora spongicola" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">Polydora cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2C11A8804D35316612A6A9C5AEDD4643" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F1AE824B385822E44B4DCA9CE1C2394B" authorityName="Berkley & Berkeley" authorityYear="1950" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora spongicola" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">Polydora cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 17-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="61CE4CB670EDAB7EC8E3A0E8EF216771" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9D56DB399E5177B569EF4870D4EA2264" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2D85A8216E12D2F0DA4494C3A8F4570" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 1, dorsal view of 7-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE2C7B7C20547FF64D5994E6532B74DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 16-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="635F11B103C90F68029432F0B46E911F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="62C9A97A3362EA52B401C311C260D736" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75BFEE73D0D744E367092F6134F31E62" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8289D478D90601BF375A5DCEA72DF105" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2, dorsal view of 23-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N-P</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E5980CFD06CD777967B03351148151AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N-P</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E6E9EC40AACB98C881D6ABAD32F0541" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B64A26AE8C30EC2AA40867AD3400887C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 3, dorsal view of 13-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA3AD4E4639F256D122321FADE126201" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
) and dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E70BDA9062B411E0ACE2E5F7E30D5BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||||
) and lateral view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1CD34BEEC9CFC1C1E0F7EE0B3DB04404" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||||
) of 18-chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BF4BE190B31CC8406824F5A08ADCD233" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0E83F7E4CBF80031A72C4E8DC028E841" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="70A22489977B1A3D92D4AF7A9190188C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EBBD9D0740F150AB55325ACE890EFF1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species are boring and were collected from shells of cultured
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. yessoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B2DC816E7983865D37F9BA28FD43586" lsidName="M. yessoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="390CD1C3E8DEC0A6B7A0814253DE6479" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
scallops suspended in Onagawa Bay in February 2011 and Mutsu Bay in October 2011. This species was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brevipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B0C2C36EAD13C4E3FB93B76B993ABB2" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brevipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6082A77000F1C48ABC313A4C883136A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as adult morphology agrees with the descriptions by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54B3077C3E7403B5DA39E331E8A808AE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B182" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, 2012. Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368-369: 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" title="Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368 - 369: 40 - 47." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" year="2012">Sato-Okoshi and Abe (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CE2A3CE0264B89E3F89685ED8621B045" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B182" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, 2012. Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368-369: 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" title="Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368 - 369: 40 - 47." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046" year="2012">Sato-Okoshi and Abe (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9263DE225FA1A8384EF55485C3D1060A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="28EE708534A347FF34EA0F34261B93D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Onagawa Bay in April, May, and July 2011 and from Sasuhama in April 2011. The pair of large ramified or dot-like melanophores from chaetiger III distinguishes larvae of this species from those of other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D6B88B5BF9EB80422D8A9D6CC65A840" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="06FF40C9AB022A3D072A1935EC4ABFDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="323185105D59253BD44122F889B7B1C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported similar dorsal pigment patterns in the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berkley & Berkeley" authorityYear="1950" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora spongicola" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02958C9B31675D8D89F12756192AFE4F" authorityName="Berkley & Berkeley" authorityYear="1950" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora spongicola" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="616BB09A6C3EF8D98DC6A50285985281" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950. However, the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD5F7503E066E967CBAB23413BDA2A03" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3C73E58F77AFB4AD56808BC0FA0E22E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="01CE6BAD3B98E823ACF1593DFE98BB47" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
differ from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brevipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BCC3AC1ACC136BF621E0FC30CFCAD607" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brevipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7574A8294593EB9BA0D31382B83737FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having dorsal melanophores from chaetiger II instead of chaetiger III, dark green colored intestine instead of orange, and non-pigmented pharynx instead of pigmented with black. Reproduction and life history of this species was reported in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313158" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 66" refId="B184" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Sugawara, Y, Nomura, T, 1990. Reproduction of the boring polyehaete Polydora variegate inhabiting scallops in Abashiri Bay, North Japan. Marine Biology 104: 61 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313158" title="Reproduction of the boring polyehaete Polydora variegate inhabiting scallops in Abashiri Bay, North Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313158" volume="104" year="1990">Sato-Okoshi et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="098599532D3E4F63C2E5447C9D15532C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313158" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 66" refId="B184" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Sugawara, Y, Nomura, T, 1990. Reproduction of the boring polyehaete Polydora variegate inhabiting scallops in Abashiri Bay, North Japan. Marine Biology 104: 61 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313158" title="Reproduction of the boring polyehaete Polydora variegate inhabiting scallops in Abashiri Bay, North Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313158" volume="104" year="1990">Sato-Okoshi et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="549 - 558" publicationUrl="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" refId="B178" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1994. Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 162: 549 - 558, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" title="Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan." url="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" volume="162" year="1994">Sato-Okoshi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="655AD4AE842AB0110C89D594B3321C6B" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="549 - 558" publicationUrl="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" refId="B178" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1994. Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 162: 549 - 558, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" title="Life history of the polychaete Polydora variegata that bores into the shells of scallops in Northern Japan." url="http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3360957" volume="162" year="1994">Sato-Okoshi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(both as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. variegata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variegata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. variegata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5452F56DA9A5F5D62C72C4B446AC434B" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. variegata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variegata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E5FBA87DBB91A0849ABF218B5CE41B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. variegata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,158 +1,158 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="5BEAEF98-C1CB-58FE-AFC0-035B88DB4FC8" authority="(Andrews, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">Dipolydora cf. commensalis (Andrews, 1891)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BEAEF98C1CB58FEAFC0035B88DB4FC8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<subSubSection id="5C11F6CBC2C0B379E188270B55D9FF03" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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|
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<taxonomicName id="E79E941FEBD035A8B3CE0F6540757F8E" ID-CoL="36PYR" LSID="5BEAEF98-C1CB-58FE-AFC0-035B88DB4FC8" authority="(Andrews, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">Dipolydora cf. commensalis (Andrews, 1891)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="75480BA9E609204AD98437870FA45B29" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small but wider than body and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes of kidney-shaped appearance. Ramified melanophores present around eyes. Black pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Median row of ramified melanophores from chaetiger I onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. A central black pigment spot and a pair of dark brown pigments on pygidium. Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV, XVII, XIX, XXI, and XXIII. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DC8B7CFCC6571706F26FD907E03C7B36" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5984478C4B1FC9508968CAFD70F0767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B15B8977A23165E76D32FA8C813AFAE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small but wider than body and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes of kidney-shaped appearance. Ramified melanophores present around eyes. Black pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Median row of ramified melanophores from chaetiger I onwards. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. A central black pigment spot and a pair of dark brown pigments on pygidium. Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, XV, XVII, XIX, XXI, and XXIII. Modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V in late larvae.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="1AD3908A6843AA186E9F9ACBFF8A51D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="ABB42C89C6FA3AAF1E75114B0B18CEF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="215BCA0F49A63CC1DEF5DB5C3FE296C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
No adults of this species were collected in the present study. The 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from the larvae of this species neither match nor constitute a monophyletic clade with any of the other available spionid sequences (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="42F1A756586859B77B3ABFB0F7CCF2AC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="58BB48C23EF406EBD0DE92F815D119A5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, this species was tentatively identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBE4408F99CD93467CEF0DBC9E59B19C" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on its larval morphology, as it includes the characteristic dorsal pigment pattern of larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3167632BC16A26358D9A6A7305D09E6C" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="98F83E45F6D7E91ED4D20EA224D0AD0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F7442E71DE122E4B8DC76496B21373C4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9EFC6025BCF38942A6DF54761CAC688C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E23D335AFB2D12AF8156C5F27F59A4AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5BE4CB38252849F70C331A5B4D849C11" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(described as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C494BCBF0728ACC14CD4809B175CFCEE" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1023E02E500974306B57DD5C4AB55D9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by all of these authors). The combination of a slender body and a single dorsal median row of distinct melanophores from chaetiger I to the end of the body is distinctive among spionid larvae and has not been reported for any other spionid species. Currently, there are no records of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6B1B1C1F1CFB7E63EAAAE8430106E21" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1B7FB4AC5B741212251749C9F181256B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Japan; however, the presence of this species in Japan is expected as it has been reported from the Asian continental coast of the Sea of Japan and the Kurile Islands (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B65B73F5FFCA7CAD5BCF9CA3D9B367CB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This species is an obligate symbiont of hermit crabs (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Blake, JA" editor="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="6). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 224" refId="B21" refString="Blake, JA, 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. In: Blake, JA, Hilbig, B, Scott, PH, Eds., Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Vol. 6). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara: 81 - 224" title="Family Spionidae Grube, 1850." volumeTitle="Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Vol." year="1996">Blake 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5597C46884620FE53B9D966766BFFD43" author="Blake, JA" editor="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="6). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="81 - 224" refId="B21" refString="Blake, JA, 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. In: Blake, JA, Hilbig, B, Scott, PH, Eds., Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Vol. 6). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara: 81 - 224" title="Family Spionidae Grube, 1850." volumeTitle="Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel (Vol." year="1996">Blake 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" author="Williams, JD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 123" refId="B222" refString="Williams, JD, McDermott, JJ, 1997. Feeding behavior of Dipolydora commensalis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): particle capture, transport, and selection. Invertebrate Biology 116: 115 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" title="Feeding behavior of Dipolydora commensalis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): particle capture, transport, and selection." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" volume="116" year="1997">Williams and McDermott 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B0B99D3B47DBE012BAAB6B8D1218E19F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" author="Williams, JD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="115 - 123" refId="B222" refString="Williams, JD, McDermott, JJ, 1997. Feeding behavior of Dipolydora commensalis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): particle capture, transport, and selection. Invertebrate Biology 116: 115 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" title="Feeding behavior of Dipolydora commensalis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): particle capture, transport, and selection." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226975" volume="116" year="1997">Williams and McDermott 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but little effort was devoted to collecting hermit crab shells in the present study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="946ECC08DEB8EB7EAA51909945468F4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Notably, the results of the phylogenetic analysis in the present study showed that
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="465BAAAB64E54EC06BA522873E3162B9" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">D. cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
deviates from the monophyletic clade constituted by many other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="835E76CDA5C5F735615A75946AADDB33" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA5410CBE79402A69B4852C45DC87652" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. This result supports the suggestion by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B20" refString="Blake, JA, 1971. Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 75: 1 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" title="Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" volume="75" year="1971">Blake (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="440504894163D5B6AFFB19636859C494" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B20" refString="Blake, JA, 1971. Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 75: 1 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" title="Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.75" volume="75" year="1971">Blake (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
that
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FB32044F0AE2B561275F858560BDD80" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="77CE79747B38DCE12819B9451C64E682" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may represent a distinct genus as its morphology deviates widely from other species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A4DEFD746679C932B1D0D4AFD98519B" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0593CBA0E06087B4AF55796DC9495DB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="833A83EE3060DFAB743FE9FC8A51B087" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="25056B4EB0DC47DC3137848FDD3DC6AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F771AA2304F9FBB906AF60A2F54E17AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only three individuals of planktonic larvae of this species were collected in Sasuhama in January 2013. A small patch of lateral black pigments on the anterior margin of each chaetiger in late larvae was described in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5E0936BDC32844FC9AA3D65EF3907AB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DDAC3F5F3DEC7138034AC9F0EC21627E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B19" refString="Blake, JA, 1969. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England. Ophelia 7: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1969.10419288" volume="7" year="1969">Blake (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, these pigments were not observed in the present study, as in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1D81BAF85B06367228E1865B7CEF68AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" author="Andrews, EA" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Andrews, EA, 1891. A commensal annelid. The American Naturalist 25: 25 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" title="A commensal annelid." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275264" volume="25" year="1891">Andrews (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="675C6F2F7F728475EC352077FA4B5FD5" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7A2BD7B3D88FCFA165CD3005D48230CF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" author="Hatfield, PA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 368" refId="B70" refString="Hatfield, PA, 1965. Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults. The Biological Bulletin 128: 356 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" title="Polydora commensalis Andrews-Larval development and observations on adults." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539899" volume="128" year="1965">Hatfield (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and Blake (1966) noted the high similarity between the larval morphologies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF390A1373AA8ABBAD1135D78227675A" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. commensalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="30B2CF1C4AB2273BB2448E6617676BB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. commensalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hannerz" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hermaphroditica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hermaphroditica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="300B6368DD4BA2140ACD9782285E842B" authorityName="Hannerz" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora hermaphroditica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8580553491F5AA9C7D7F497F2B0FBF8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora hermaphroditica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hannerz, 1956, the adult morphologies of these two species were reported to be completely different (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bhaud, M" journalOrPublisher="Vie et Milieu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="435 - 437" refId="B18" refString="Bhaud, M, 1966. Les larves planctoniques d'Annelides Polychetes; leur interet pour une meilleure connaissance faunistique. Vie et Milieu 17: 435 - 437" title="Les larves planctoniques d'Annelides Polychetes; leur interet pour une meilleure connaissance faunistique." volume="17" year="1966">Bhaud 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9E3AEA622825F2D7C1FBAA3F3B851465" author="Bhaud, M" journalOrPublisher="Vie et Milieu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="435 - 437" refId="B18" refString="Bhaud, M, 1966. Les larves planctoniques d'Annelides Polychetes; leur interet pour une meilleure connaissance faunistique. Vie et Milieu 17: 435 - 437" title="Les larves planctoniques d'Annelides Polychetes; leur interet pour une meilleure connaissance faunistique." volume="17" year="1966">Bhaud 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal pigment pattern of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hermaphroditica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hermaphroditica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BE37D0FB11F64CC69AC3A82F3668F5D" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hermaphroditica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hermaphroditica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="379C387F90FD54A7952D88B345030CBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hermaphroditica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BE384465F7084DCEDE7319A7C110B1B2" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
rather resembles those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C279F43ED22B39EF5CD3348997F31635" authorityName="Radashevsky" authorityYear="1993" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glycymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glycymerica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="721039F4DC58E40E702B9CDBCFF586EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora glycymerica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glymymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glymymerica">Polydora cf. glymymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B342E6503A0E1199CC7211D4BA000F9" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora glymymerica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glymymerica">Polydora cf. glymymerica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="965680B45E982F68C69CCE6EED197052" author="Radashevsky, VI" editor="Sveshnicov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 164" refId="B145" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1989. Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea. In: Sveshnicov, VA, Ed., Symbiosis in marine animals. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: 137 - 164" title="Ecology, sex determination, reproduction and larval development of commensal polychaetes Polydora commensalis and Polydora glycymerica in the Japanese Sea." volumeTitle="Symbiosis in marine animals." year="1989">Radashevsky (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and in the present study, respectively.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,66 +1,66 @@
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DB9707312E25051A8E490E5707D79F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DB9707312E25051A8E490E5707D79F8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="6DB9707312E25051A8E490E5707D79F8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DB9707312E25051A8E490E5707D79F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DB9707312E25051A8E490E5707D79F8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="6DB97073-12E2-5051-A8E4-90E5707D79F8" authority="Hartman, 1936" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="494A8414D59E207F534B1FDAFF5095A5" ID-CoL="84T8Q" LSID="6DB97073-12E2-5051-A8E4-90E5707D79F8" authority="Hartman, 1936" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DB4C5DB96EA2FC88C431DC0B316C568B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="83B5269E566759137B1704196B2DBB25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="512E84D89E821D6BC048DA19243D4123" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall body shape short and thick. Prostomium broad and straight or slightly notched anteriorly. Lateral parts of peristomium clearly demarcated from prostomium. Palps attached to outer end of lateral parts of peristomium. Two pairs of red or black eyes present. Faint yellow pigment may be present in anterior part of prostomium and posterior part of pygidium. In late larvae, pair of prominent antero-lateral processes on prostomium developed. Melanophore absent, black or yellowish pigmentation occur in some species. Nototrochs weakly developed, occur in all chaetigers except first chaetiger. Gastrotrochs occur regularly in every other chaetiger from chaetiger III onwards (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="941A1604699F41F2D22B409CDA73DD96" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky 2007</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="5BCB7E887951B44EBE1DF581BC879138" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,114 +1,114 @@
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<taxonomicName LSID="71A0C086-2E27-5730-9CAF-1E77CC41396A" authority="Day, 1961" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia pseudonatrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">Boccardia pseudonatrix Day, 1961</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="55EDEC330100B2C37321C99C122DE4C0" ID-CoL="M8HL" LSID="71A0C086-2E27-5730-9CAF-1E77CC41396A" authority="Day, 1961" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia pseudonatrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">Boccardia pseudonatrix Day, 1961</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="A76B4BBF53DE5DB30DC709C475A16E62" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C1C4C70240A51910FA02B2A1C2DA92E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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Slender and fusiform in overall body shape. Prostomium rounded with a slight anterior notch. Three pairs of eyes present, most median pair rounded and lateral pairs double-eyes. Body entirely faint yellow. Dorsal melanophore absent, slight black pigmentation present (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="651707EF54D4DD44B4B4BE114EF6E812" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
, left). Pygidium with dorsal gap, pigmented with yellow. Internally, the vestibule and pharynx brown or black, gut green in color. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V and VII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0F3B50E8F2152DD1C06D63731D4A5DEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5A81A2591B31FAB2C4FE0611E5169BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2CA03D65606368A415253978E1A5F9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from mud deposits in crevices of shells of living
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="541B4AB7238C9E2289BC9365D43925A6" lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4943797D0B2E8F7C2D904D96D152D502" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
oysters in Tomiura. Adult morphology (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0167-4" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B5" refString="Abe, H, Takeuchi, T, Taru, M, Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, 2019b. Habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) around Tokyo Bay. Marine Biodiversity Records 12: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0167-4" title="Habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) around Tokyo Bay." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0167-4" volume="12" year="2019 b">Abe et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F0DBAC073E433C6377249EEB8628C6FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0167-4" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B5" refString="Abe, H, Takeuchi, T, Taru, M, Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, 2019b. Habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) around Tokyo Bay. Marine Biodiversity Records 12: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0167-4" title="Habitat availability determines distribution patterns of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) around Tokyo Bay." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0167-4" volume="12" year="2019 b">Abe et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) agrees with the descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pseudonatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A46FB91A3483734C8A4EBCB07B7A53E" lsidName="B. pseudonatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B5F7BBD1D7A1F9263ECABE8CD0E01FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South Africa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8725653" refId="B49" refString="Day, JH, 1967. A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8725653" title="A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8725653" year="1967">Day 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="24DAD6100332909954061E80F28F7FF8" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8725653" refId="B49" refString="Day, JH, 1967. A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8725653" title="A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8725653" year="1967">Day 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 598" refId="B201" refString="Simon, CA, Worsfold, TM, Lange, L, Sterley, J, 2010. The genus Boccardia (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with mollusc shells on the south coast of South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90: 585 - 598, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452" title="The genus Boccardia (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with mollusc shells on the south coast of South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452" volume="90" year="2010">Simon et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="91F1ECBC5FAE7BC7C95EBD83FACDFF8F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 598" refId="B201" refString="Simon, CA, Worsfold, TM, Lange, L, Sterley, J, 2010. The genus Boccardia (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with mollusc shells on the south coast of South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90: 585 - 598, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452" title="The genus Boccardia (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with mollusc shells on the south coast of South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409990452" volume="90" year="2010">Simon et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and Australia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="491 - 501" refId="B185" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Shaw, J, 2008. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88: 491 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" volume="88" year="2008">Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DA04020335B9607A9E523AD2CAFEA02C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="491 - 501" refId="B185" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Shaw, J, 2008. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88: 491 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" volume="88" year="2008">Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. knoxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="knoxi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. knoxi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2933CE7493B6AEB96C38924FA1D4E78C" lsidName="B. knoxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="knoxi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB01A5CC12A4205644F753BE3E676AA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. knoxi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, LM" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B219" refString="Walker, LM, 2013. A revision of the Polydora-complex (Annelida: Spionidae) fauna from Australia. PhD thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane." title="A revision of the Polydora-complex (Annelida: Spionidae) fauna from Australia. PhD thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane." year="2013">Walker 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A8D664A3B955C9F0E29DBE7DB4061D3" author="Walker, LM" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B219" refString="Walker, LM, 2013. A revision of the Polydora-complex (Annelida: Spionidae) fauna from Australia. PhD thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane." title="A revision of the Polydora-complex (Annelida: Spionidae) fauna from Australia. PhD thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane." year="2013">Walker 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained in the present study completely match (1714/1714 bp) that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pseudonatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="97EAF5ECC2C7537BCB3C773A3B2B59AE" lsidName="B. pseudonatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="812ED2DC6B0BC5CA1DC300B9673E4DF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South Africa (KY677895) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="59FA29EEF897704DC7E5CB05C073C949" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="65087C6EC7FFBC04706E1405BD827B55" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. pseudonatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4061E88D910E3CC07481BE5CAFADA4AF" lsidName="B. pseudonatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3C45DD0A6B93B1A04343ED3D30A4DDCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia pseudonatrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F03D3399CCB24C7AC231BAFFBB0D9C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD7F4220CDE46BF52D4550A18A0F7641" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia pseudonatrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8791C30506F6EFBFBCE054B57B4F363" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported to have adelphophagic larvae with a short or absent planktonic phase (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="491 - 501" refId="B185" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Shaw, J, 2008. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88: 491 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" volume="88" year="2008">Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2E96D82755F283E1D1BBCB5A3691172E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="491 - 501" refId="B185" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Shaw, J, 2008. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88: 491 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408000842" volume="88" year="2008">Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="124 - 130" refId="B198" refString="Simon, CA, 2015. Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 59: 124 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" title="Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" volume="59" year="2015">Simon 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="55386594A4782C52A92136A5C3E574DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="124 - 130" refId="B198" refString="Simon, CA, 2015. Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 59: 124 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" title="Observations on the composition and larval developmental modes of polydorid pests of farmed oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2015.1044675" volume="59" year="2015">Simon 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The larvae herein reported accidentally hatched from egg capsules in an adult tube during the process of extraction of the adult specimens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,121 +1,121 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">habe@iwate-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B1DDAA0DCC21DC11019140A678979896">Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54F9E68FE665B052C25F137F554EECF9">Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42F1BFD44907127241CE8723C488FC2E">Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:78E74909365753F791292CCA6F21A228" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/78E74909365753F791292CCA6F21A228" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="78E74909-3657-53F7-9129-2CCA6F21A228" authority="Hartmann-Schroeder, 1981" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
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<treatment id="78E74909365753F791292CCA6F21A228" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:78E74909365753F791292CCA6F21A228" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/78E74909365753F791292CCA6F21A228" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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<subSubSection id="90C9C3B37BA9116AAA02AB021D342B15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="3507D628F2F7D5EAF3D246168BEDBF74" ID-CoL="4VRMY" LSID="78E74909-3657-53F7-9129-2CCA6F21A228" authority="Hartmann-Schroeder, 1981" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
Scolelepis cf. kudenovi
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
|
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<normalizedToken id="6841261646C9D5C83F0F67D11A7D44F7" originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
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, 1981
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D7951BCA6AFB0FDF9A3305AAAB7EBBAA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thick and fusiform in shape. Prostomium pointed anteriorly, terminates in retractile, muscular tip. Lateral parts of peristomium clearly demarcated from prostomium, forming peristomial umbrella. Peristomial umbrella carrying well-developed prototroch. Two pairs of red eyes arranged in somewhat trapezoidal shape, medial pair situated anteriorly. Greenish pigment in pharynx and proctodaeum. Pygidium very broad and horseshoe-shaped.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C40489A9F694471BF6F25F0013AE1086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C83B88FB6BA8100EF448DA4B77775DA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0362170850A37DD7E6A0D0F5E96A0A60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thick and fusiform in shape. Prostomium pointed anteriorly, terminates in retractile, muscular tip. Lateral parts of peristomium clearly demarcated from prostomium, forming peristomial umbrella. Peristomial umbrella carrying well-developed prototroch. Two pairs of red eyes arranged in somewhat trapezoidal shape, medial pair situated anteriorly. Greenish pigment in pharynx and proctodaeum. Pygidium very broad and horseshoe-shaped.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AA8FB37DD7E309A0B26979AD44CBABFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph id="B976BDFD1D4BBF1A04A9E4751BA949C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B0B99CD2752C85B1C04780B55CC04DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only three individuals of early larvae of this species were collected from Sasuhama in January 2012. The 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained in the present study for these specimens match (464/464 bp) that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kudenovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37728BB087768FA82C80DB5FAFBCB645" lsidName="S. kudenovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65E7E89BF584A6D8F09E0FCB4DE43CE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Lizard Island, Australia (KP636517:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="378 - 413" refId="B113" refString="Meissner, K, Goetting, M, 2015. Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes. Zootaxa 4019: 378 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" title="Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" volume="4019" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EC972EDDD02D325FD2169FB67368D3C6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="378 - 413" refId="B113" refString="Meissner, K, Goetting, M, 2015. Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes. Zootaxa 4019: 378 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" title="Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" volume="4019" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken id="C2411D243D2EE1A11DEC427ADBBDAD1D" originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
|
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and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Götting">Goetting</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="81A6373E7AC1A3899C6E3796ACA268C8" originalValue="Götting">Goetting</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Since the species identification is unreliable because of the short reference sequence, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kudenovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kudenovi">S. cf. kudenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C749CD58FF9334D162C6D5DA05296198" lsidName="S. kudenovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kudenovi">S. cf. kudenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="20C59D834FE75B75BCA0AFE03E7A2E06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The sequence of an adult individual, which collected from the surf zone of the sandy beach in Rishiri Island and previously identifies as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis kudenovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D2314001E901685B381BEB77A808E3A" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ADFD8D4F0420A7EB9FAF82AE3F833A8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis kudenovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Rishiri Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 27" publicationUrl="http://riishiri.sakura.ne.jp/Sites/RS/archive/382019/3803.pdf" refId="B6" refString="Abe, H, Tomioka, S, Kobayashi, G, Itoh, H, 2019c. Spionidae (Annelida) from Rishiri Island, Northern Japan. Rishiri Studies 38: 15 - 27, http://riishiri.sakura.ne.jp/Sites/RS/archive/382019/3803.pdf" title="Spionidae (Annelida) from Rishiri Island, Northern Japan." url="http://riishiri.sakura.ne.jp/Sites/RS/archive/382019/3803.pdf" volume="38" year="2019 c">Abe et al. 2019c</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="306096F8DB9CE1CACEC4E2BA771AE51F" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Rishiri Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 27" publicationUrl="http://riishiri.sakura.ne.jp/Sites/RS/archive/382019/3803.pdf" refId="B6" refString="Abe, H, Tomioka, S, Kobayashi, G, Itoh, H, 2019c. Spionidae (Annelida) from Rishiri Island, Northern Japan. Rishiri Studies 38: 15 - 27, http://riishiri.sakura.ne.jp/Sites/RS/archive/382019/3803.pdf" title="Spionidae (Annelida) from Rishiri Island, Northern Japan." url="http://riishiri.sakura.ne.jp/Sites/RS/archive/382019/3803.pdf" volume="38" year="2019 c">Abe et al. 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as the morphology agrees with the descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kudenovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D2F12A3C2794852403994FA2994F8856" lsidName="S. kudenovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E93A60D1E1110E040AF2CA58A5E1DE2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B85" refString="Imajima, M, 1992. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 18: 1 - 34" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="18" year="1992">Imajima (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="4590B894B0BB48607C856FED9B38A74A" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B85" refString="Imajima, M, 1992. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 18: 1 - 34" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="18" year="1992">Imajima (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="378 - 413" refId="B113" refString="Meissner, K, Goetting, M, 2015. Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes. Zootaxa 4019: 378 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" title="Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" volume="4019" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation id="1DFC2B274B7D57D197B39ECB85EE2681" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" author="Meissner, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="378 - 413" refId="B113" refString="Meissner, K, Goetting, M, 2015. Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes. Zootaxa 4019: 378 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" title="Spionidae (Annelida: ' Polychaeta ': Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" volume="4019" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken id="DE3F4DC71DFBD99C8FD8C733B169CF11" originalValue="Meißner">Meissner</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Götting">Goetting</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="723B1933651E23EA012D2EAD1782848D" originalValue="Götting">Goetting</normalizedToken>
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(2015)
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, 100% matched with that of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">Scolelepis cf. kudenovi</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicName id="9FE2F5927E5FDA04465F5703C90B14CC" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">Scolelepis cf. kudenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in 18S rRNA gene (1819/1819 bp) but largely differed in 16S rRNA gene (462/505 bp). Because the 16S rRNA gene of the adult individual was rather closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. daphoinos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="daphoinos">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. daphoinos</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="33D3CE1E6E8943B8C5F70E5F07EAF03C" lsidName="S. daphoinos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="daphoinos">
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<emphasis id="57068BDBA3B06050358EFA3215B9F3A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. daphoinos</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(430/455 bp) from China (GU362676,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9131-1" author="Zhou, H" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="899 - 910" refId="B244" refString="Zhou, H, Zhang, Z, Chen, H, Sun, R, Wang, H, Guo, L, Pan, H, 2010. Integrating a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey: a case study on temperate intertidal polychaete communities in Qingdao, China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 28: 899 - 910, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9131-1" title="Integrating a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey: a case study on temperate intertidal polychaete communities in Qingdao, China." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9131-1" volume="28" year="2010">Zhou et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF275509FBF4B6915ED1F9CECE26F252" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9131-1" author="Zhou, H" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="899 - 910" refId="B244" refString="Zhou, H, Zhang, Z, Chen, H, Sun, R, Wang, H, Guo, L, Pan, H, 2010. Integrating a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey: a case study on temperate intertidal polychaete communities in Qingdao, China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 28: 899 - 910, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9131-1" title="Integrating a DNA barcoding project with an ecological survey: a case study on temperate intertidal polychaete communities in Qingdao, China." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9131-1" volume="28" year="2010">Zhou et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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), it is referred to
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. daphoinos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="daphoinos">S. aff. daphoinos</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicName id="453D03EC9AFD249ED8117A8F51681591" lsidName="S. daphoinos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="daphoinos">S. aff. daphoinos</taxonomicName>
|
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in the present study (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Spionid polychaete species collected from Japan in the present and previous studies. Data on life stage (adult / larva), type, and sampling locality, DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank accession numbers, and sequence lengths are given. Accession numbers of gene sequences newly obtained in the present study are highlighted in boldface type." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93">1</tableCitation>
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<tableCitation id="C2CC3CF3B10CC8C4A01F07EFCB39DEE3" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Spionid polychaete species collected from Japan in the present and previous studies. Data on life stage (adult / larva), type, and sampling locality, DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank accession numbers, and sequence lengths are given. Accession numbers of gene sequences newly obtained in the present study are highlighted in boldface type." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93">1</tableCitation>
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, Figs
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7020A08765CEC85552C47FD804B1D1C0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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,
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7827193CE05812C6A83F2151C0A21BF2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="7D568C5B-54FA-57A7-8F92-336DF8773DFC" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Prionospio Malmgren, 1867</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7AFC5FAD7E9673635D27AF430961CAD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="396EBCEC1889929DDE51979B86EFF9C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="59A35A0E92372C6156D5D2FA9A2CE63A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall shape long and slender. Prostomium rounded anteriorly. Lateral parts of peristomium not demarcated from the prostomium. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes present. Pigmentation usually absent except for eyes and on pygidium. Some species (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. steenstrupi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="055FF41E4EC4D0FCEF2B23FD42D888C8" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. steenstrupi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65D611EB0CAB5C7CAF187BC44E59982D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. krusadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. krusadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D707A5842CFEB45B250DEA2B4CEC8243" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. krusadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="krusadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB32BAD54200F2242F6350202C4D56E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. krusadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) have red or green pigmentation on pharynx, dorsal side, and/or pygidium. Nototrochs absent or occur in branchial chaetigers in late larvae. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger II-IV onwards (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0ECC0AEBDB9DE1B07DA11DD6880A0480" author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Trochochaetidae" genus="Disoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disoma" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Disoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6741350354F9CFA67788134672D09F5" class="Polychaeta" family="Trochochaetidae" genus="Disoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disoma" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A804F5FCE32343EEB522824CCBAD3B28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Disoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="464C71DC8618A9C30B5EAE798917208A" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="522C387E412F76DA6AD5A3AD76E84EF2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 37" publicationUrl="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1353.1.1" refId="B152" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Lana, PC, Nalesso, RC, 2006. Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1353: 1 - 37, https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1353.1.1" title="Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species." url="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1353.1.1" volume="1353" year="2006">Radashevsky et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="253C82C8DE795BEF9E5AF52AE5685474" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 37" publicationUrl="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1353.1.1" refId="B152" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Lana, PC, Nalesso, RC, 2006. Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1353: 1 - 37, https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1353.1.1" title="Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species." url="https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1353.1.1" volume="1353" year="2006">Radashevsky et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,206 +1,206 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:92F20D72D38F545F9E2EEE5A7BF1EDD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92F20D72D38F545F9E2EEE5A7BF1EDD1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="92F20D72-D38F-545F-9E2E-EE5A7BF1EDD1" authority="(Sars, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides oxycephala" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxycephala">Aonides aff. oxycephala (Sars, 1862)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4A-C</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="92F20D72D38F545F9E2EEE5A7BF1EDD1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:92F20D72D38F545F9E2EEE5A7BF1EDD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92F20D72D38F545F9E2EEE5A7BF1EDD1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09816DD57684F5AB22DC8AF941C73418" ID-CoL="67KRV" LSID="92F20D72-D38F-545F-9E2E-EE5A7BF1EDD1" authority="(Sars, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides oxycephala" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxycephala">Aonides aff. oxycephala (Sars, 1862)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BFEE85F32CD5D7862EA74C08EC7EB3F3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2130AABE5011DDC436F0AFA42DBB308B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D405B406E7E00E7C89C20302AF996213" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B40548D9844747E4CB680E943E3477F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Remnants of egg envelope apparent in early trochophore (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B52A1D08BEF3FD95977335E0673B5ADC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In ten-chaetiger larvae, egg envelope becomes incorporated into larval cuticle, two pairs of red eyes arranged in an approximately straight line (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D0DF85367CC8FBEF3C97C7F89CAABAF6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Larval chaetae on first chaetiger long especially in early larvae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A1A9433DD29715CD52A593A8EF51BF2C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Late larvae long and slender in shape (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="673E116A3E3ED862A66BFBD8BAB86574" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Prostomium rectangular anteriorly in larval stages, considerably extended and tapered in juvenile stage. Lateral parts of peristomium moderately demarcated from prostomium. Black pigment in pharynx. Pigmentation absent except in the eyes and pharynx. Pygidium acquires two pairs of dorsal cirri in late larvae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="90D7408146072AD84382AD7CAF82569E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="52EC6D3EC208B459A27C992480C8A933" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D8793B2A49BDAEE06ADC81654767D170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6833D7EFCFF1C5DD04D24E2BC744A8A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1864" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aonides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="815499FFAA9537B04B4F3CA9AE24CD4B" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1864" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="978FFA0F9F99FC4F99548C7E64151684" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aonides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="227C336A1355A7196BCABCFDD3FDF758" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82088DDECD40EFD0A0B932F6DFC8A692" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D673260BD63F79203D01F9E986126305" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6205B9967E41099FE1C8EDA9497301CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7BEBAD4953F3AA8B044A197E1EBDC7A2" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D73FDA73EB3689BCBD701F82BE59A0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F94ECE524237B7F10260FD6FDE82AE53" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1860" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D111A4895FC90AA3007E79F92E38C9FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides oxycephala" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxycephala">Aonides cf. oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E0F723A7824BEED4FB9394AA64951BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C62B367ABB4F11AF49437B0A1D56FBE" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides oxycephala" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxycephala">Aonides cf. oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of early planktonic (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E2D0024C3BE497F395D3579B2E4CC03F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), 8-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B00E9ADDEC3D068F319137B1BD62D7B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), and 18-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E7E782ED49414CE5CD202823C16D6BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD184105A0C7E25EE6204F4695ECB190" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="06C75A531BACAF2950ED3F23275AC3C3" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8996B4A706FD9AB2A9B22BA7EEBA7856" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A39C2FCB40E94959115259F67B32F829" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="488F8360BA79DD18845764F047083F2D" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="013A03FB38E3CFE4C87E21058F5DA804" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2, dorsal view of 12-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Claparede in Ehlers" authorityYear="1875" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poecilochaetus</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="18DCE0640CBE1B4AFD54C8E5B244D74D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F0E1F11C933D03DB70C84CE4B70CEB1" authorityName="Claparede in Ehlers" authorityYear="1875" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6D4385ACE114A7299507ECB049736E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poecilochaetus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp., dorsal view of 17-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio asiatica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiatica">Rhynchospio aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D4382C441C7AD528824202AA3A2047BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F25909F1E3F96BF34AED1D9646DE898E" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio asiatica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiatica">Rhynchospio aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 6-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="01E3EB7F3E5987FFC9B4982E93BDC82B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 12-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BBA51AA4ECDE01DD3C9F8F345711BC7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">Scolelepis cf. kudenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F24F6E5B7A709EBAC2355170D293CE29" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E658087DE2945776200B0AC073AE2587" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroeder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis kudenovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">Scolelepis cf. kudenovi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 7-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8791495EABBFF9FB25CEB7133E0D4513" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="33BACF646B67CCB79C5889D43EE45DBE" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="22EF6C8CA21882FC02BCC97DC5AA88C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 1, dorsal view of 17-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACE37C19FFA013BC44A134070B0743A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 19-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B00F31408A06EFE84F6D4460DF67474" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F6A69AD4916D463F6B40C8B2DF9B35C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="049C584F3C6D9343844CD65275A996DC" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B998E72CD48CF31786719A52F2FA9AA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2, dorsal view of 20-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, N</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7CD59E8C3866B81C7EAF80BA864655F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, N</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="265CE509FCDC920B484D554073FF620F" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="49C13BA08C6471911EEBD8723AF1A523" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spiophanes uschakowi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC2BDC7E1C87D04B2B1F5E5D9E9E83C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
) and lateral view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="351872FDF23B8D8BC886E71278CFEE8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
) of 18-chaetiger larvae
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O, P</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">Spiophanes aff. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E32E4B0390C1955EC5BC291AB1337E94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O, P</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42EA79471137AD37BD4E015CE1212ED1" authorityName="Zachs" authorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiophanes uschakowi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">Spiophanes aff. uschakowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 16-chaetiger larva (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C9335E601E195831C90021C7E73861D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 27-chaetiger juvenile (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD34C0E7EF60899DFC0300A6C76EECE3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||||
). Scale bars: 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BFDD0263CFA234FE36DD70BBFB3CA40C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="454FA247E1B6D1FFA216B07BDDE1869D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E9FFDEE8A5B0004C7EBAB606E4ECDBFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF0D75450F517609BFDFDAA1602C454" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy bottom sediment at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in January 2011 and 2012 using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DC91FAF80643985651DACCD48D02A52" lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5553D4DD0E52E788D9988D26D0A1894E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 222" refId="B79" refString="Imajima, M, 1989. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan I. The genera Aonides and Apoprionospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 15: 213 - 222" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan I. The genera Aonides and Apoprionospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="15" year="1989">Imajima (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A345ED1422BBC4FDB28544F8F9A11C9B" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 222" refId="B79" refString="Imajima, M, 1989. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan I. The genera Aonides and Apoprionospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 15: 213 - 222" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan I. The genera Aonides and Apoprionospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="15" year="1989">Imajima (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides oxycephala" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aonides oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B885EE2A389D444238EAE0990E29F5A8" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonides oxycephala" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="304EC9F9645D6407740EED42560736FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aonides oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
originally described from Norway has been reported worldwide and is considered cosmopolitan. However, these reports may comprise a series of similar or sibling species, as pointed out by Radashevsky (2015). The gene sequences obtained in the present study were 100% match in 18S rRNA but 8.6% (29/337 bp) different in 16S rRNA from that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="197F13BAE9B593D629D52B5910F12309" lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E22870ED6808E0C35B1F7A130C961A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from France (MG913226 and MG878895). Therefore, the species collected in the present study was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">A. aff. oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B11CE10E8BE0F3811A2EC7F2146EEB61" lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">A. aff. oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1753/1753, 16S: 447/448 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8B47F9292E61FD5DEB65BE4B11EA0A8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4972B18C11839365DE9C5BD9E1CCB9BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae were found in Onagawa Bay from October to December. In early larval stages, the larvae of this species are similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7B61EE23E33BD5367F993105C6E4FCB" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3BAC6BD4A5189943934F3A03857AC832" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laonice</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2A5797D0D5CC62571C95EC95865857AC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); but larval chaetae are longer, and the body is yolkier and opaquer in this species. The larval morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">A. aff. oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A7BBA3B452D01049F8C6A6DFCB174FB" lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">A. aff. oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6DEDC618F005C89BA370915C948D10BF" lsidName="A. oxycephala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB002F0EAAA179963A10921AC03EE92E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. oxycephala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="57B7ECE3E5D3359AE4379604E38223F5" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, the peristomium of the former species is more developed and demarcated from the prostomium compared to the latter. Black pigmentation of the pharynx in late larval stages was not reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D97490097C1EB2CF07781A7EB5FB80F4" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,128 +1,128 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="99D40B8E-097A-5D17-8BEA-769F3B90386C" authority="(Mesnil, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Mesnil" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1896)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7M, N</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99D40B8E097A5D178BEA769F3B90386C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<taxonomicName id="6D3C7C6833714B452E5070A269051DD7" ID-CoL="36PYW" LSID="99D40B8E-097A-5D17-8BEA-769F3B90386C" authority="(Mesnil, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Mesnil" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1896)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="0E7787436976596B0A877AED9A599162" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7M, N</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EEDD6E50568C7E2B1F73A62F3AB8E61D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9687DF5C058F594354500724A80AE398" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="50AB7BEF1E9393CA5B589B01EB237D6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall body shape elongated and slender. Prostomium small and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes arranged in transverse row, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Black pigmentation on lateral peristomium absent. Two pairs of dorsal black spots begin on chaetiger III onwards and continue to posterior end, sometime medial pair in first 2-4 chaetigers band-shaped. Small medial spot of black pigment on posterior margin of each chaetiger usually from chaetigers III, rarely from V or VI, in late larvae. Two small spots of black pigmentation occur lateral to the medial black pigmentation from approximately chaetiger VI or VII. A small black pigment spot, not visible dorsally, present on antero-lateral edges from chaetiger II onwards. Black pigment occurs on pygidium. Rust-colored pigment occurs in pharynx. Ventral pigment absent. Some metamorphosing larvae reduce pigmentation over the entire body and present whitish appearance with eyes fused and appears as one pair (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7N</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3F6B15F02250430088F587A126CD9876" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E795E4DA88B239E3791630C0FDA770CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="63B4B94C15F7E4485B30942D8DB849FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B5EA10ACD1E2D7F80B07E8BD4CEA8D20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species are shell-borers and were collected from shells of cultured
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Mizuhopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mizuhopecten yessoensis" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mizuhopecten yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="733A3250A8BA9453DD297E8AD1E9F3FB" baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Mizuhopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mizuhopecten yessoensis" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5759A0DD25F588BDF7A256367EE07CF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mizuhopecten yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Jay, 1857) (formerly as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Patinopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patinopecten yessoensis" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Patinopecten yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9798E31BF38E9D9EAD39BD707D3495F" baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Patinopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patinopecten yessoensis" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E26D98B15557327662C7665889E7D99A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Patinopecten yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) scallops suspended in Onagawa Bay in December 2010. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51BA4370C597A7E5CBCA9FDBE1B4501F" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B3C1F44F9E2D37DE463AEA5A9ABE9708" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="296F251A470D439EC8187D99237B8E12" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="887C4722DB833E72D7F12E7B2035EBF3" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DE6B2AF79B6FA0425A3C0D5144CBE33D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D54C8F2AB0DF6D7383BD2C216F46F108" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="07E536D4BCB3D17A0B20AAC97E1EF204" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The 18S rRNA gene sequences of this species are very similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E45C68C46B3840F5BDE601BA7A8B9137" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B329E06B61002D8CA182878AF810E36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1PE from South Africa (KY677896) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0BF7056DEB5B354066791D730B6C547D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" author="Williams, L-G" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B223" refString="Williams, L-G, Karl, S, Simon, C, 2017. Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" title="Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): Is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species? African Zoology 52: 105 - 117." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131" year="2017">Williams et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but there is a slight difference between their sequences (0.12% difference: 2/1714 bp). It is unclear whether this difference indicates that these two are the same or different species because two different 18S rRNA gene sequences have been reported from South Africa and are currently under the same species name (
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5E5628A1EC8ACB0BBA56015369A0A18" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3712573402F51040776E7DF5A0C1C17D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. capensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Terminal taxa whose sequences were obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank and herein used in the phylogenetic analyses. Type and collection localities, accession numbers, sequence lengths, and references are shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8B81FCB28C8B1988279C92E7CCD5B7FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="8B81FCB28C8B1988279C92E7CCD5B7FA">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="EC1F3977DED23E6E9AE5FBE1991B3F1C" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Terminal taxa whose sequences were obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank and herein used in the phylogenetic analyses. Type and collection localities, accession numbers, sequence lengths, and references are shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8B81FCB28C8B1988279C92E7CCD5B7FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="8B81FCB28C8B1988279C92E7CCD5B7FA">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
, Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0C485B710D4FB418D65EA394B838F385" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No gene sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">D. cf. giardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BAFA7D85284DC749F9CB0B7618167C99" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">D. cf. giardi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
previously recorded from South Africa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 50" refId="B197" refString="Simon, CA, 2011. Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species. African Invertebrates 52: 39 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" title="Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" volume="52" year="2011">Simon 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C20F216F1388C9D9598921E660CE559B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" author="Simon, CA" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 50" refId="B197" refString="Simon, CA, 2011. Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species. African Invertebrates 52: 39 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" title="Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with molluscs on the south coast of South Africa, with descriptions of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0104" volume="52" year="2011">Simon 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) are available.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C0026327164DD6BB60883F3197DB249B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Onagawa Bay in December 2010, June, July, October, November, and December 2011, and December 2012, and from Sasuhama in January 2013. The larval morphology of this species was previously described from California by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake (1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="53E30D681B466BB40CBC0647B3772AD1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake (1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F117A49D049C0E27E9A075100B986178" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FFC210001A63A3CEAA448D26E8CDE8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The morphology and dorsal pigment pattern of late larvae described by these authors resembles that reported here, but there are slight differences: two golden pigment spots present on either side of chaetiger I in the former description but absent in the latter; two small lateral melanophores present on chaetigers I and II in the former description but absent in the latter; a medial black pigmentation beginning from chaetiger II onwards in the former description but from chaetiger III onwards in the latter description; and two small spots of black pigmentation lateral to the medial black pigmentation starting from chaetiger III in the former description but from more posteriorly in the latter description. These differences between specimens from Japan and California may indicate that they are different species, or that intraspecific variation occurs in larval dorsal pigmentation.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="76A8B3EE692FB4242C87D1084FF39828" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" author="Day, RL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 30" refId="B50" refString="Day, RL, Blake, JA, 1979. Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 156: 20 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" title="Reproduction and larval development of Polydora giardi Mesnil (Polychaeta, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541000" volume="156" year="1979">Day and Blake (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
pointed out differences in reproductive traits between the Californian and French populations and suggested the existence of two different species. Therefore, more than one species may be included under the name of
|
||||
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="959C7F513DC1422FC31CE6CCA870DC12" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. giardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6479C450B51357CBD15E7BFA2F476415" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which currently is reported with a worldwide distribution (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 36" refId="B156" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Petersen, ME, 2005. On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1086: 25 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" title="On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" volume="1086" year="2005">Radashevsky and Petersen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B2D12FDB6615D1CA6FDCD6523F79F48B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 36" refId="B156" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Petersen, ME, 2005. On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1086: 25 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" title="On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1086.1.2" volume="1086" year="2005">Radashevsky and Petersen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,122 +1,122 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:title>Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="47677B6C204D04D88C9AE0F7C32A2FB0">Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DD7D11BE67E90609E281113E83E9CB6">Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sato-Okoshi, Waka</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7B847FCA7B45BF08233191F99289062" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7B847FCA7B45BF08233191F99289062" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A7B847FC-A7B4-5BF0-8233-191F99289062" authority="(Okuda, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Okuda" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="A7B847FCA7B45BF08233191F99289062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7B847FCA7B45BF08233191F99289062" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7B847FCA7B45BF08233191F99289062" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<subSubSection id="4505777255B4BE5BFF8FF19B1F2A75C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="87695C8621EB336C609490B51DE744C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3376A7262B342617FC21631586159EBD" ID-CoL="4P8K7" LSID="A7B847FC-A7B4-5BF0-8233-191F99289062" authority="(Okuda, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Okuda" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="BA8A6FB153B9831DDA90F3D245EE9155" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall body shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present in more or less a straight line, most lateral pair comma-shaped. A mid-dorsal ramified melanophore on chaetiger I. A pair of melanophores present dorso-laterally from chaetigers II onwards. Black pigment spots occur on lateral surface of chaetiger II, on sides of peristomium, and pygidium. Two small medial black pigment spots occasionally present ventrally on approximately chaetiger VI and anterior margin of pygidium. Gut has yellow-green color due to ingested food. Gastrotrochs on chaetiger V, VII, and XI in 13-chaetiger larvae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="491DFFE585B4D95716F722578508B74C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4FB522785C3E53E735DAD9B1662B0404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2394CCBD4F81009BF9BF837B8690DD25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall body shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present in more or less a straight line, most lateral pair comma-shaped. A mid-dorsal ramified melanophore on chaetiger I. A pair of melanophores present dorso-laterally from chaetigers II onwards. Black pigment spots occur on lateral surface of chaetiger II, on sides of peristomium, and pygidium. Two small medial black pigment spots occasionally present ventrally on approximately chaetiger VI and anterior margin of pygidium. Gut has yellow-green color due to ingested food. Gastrotrochs on chaetiger V, VII, and XI in 13-chaetiger larvae.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<subSubSection id="2C33E77CB1F2D63855E5875A514B688D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph id="80639CFE4C5A823A53EAE1D12FCE3875" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8F003B867536ECA5F94DE91E11F3A76D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals were collected from muddy bottom sediment in the intertidal zone of Mangoku-ura Inlet in July 2014. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Okuda" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="07E4121C82A1C757B90C80132C0A1EA5" baseAuthorityName="Okuda" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">
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<emphasis id="84BF3FDED912A06E2D190DEF02B129CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Okuda, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="217 - 254" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27002" refId="B130" refString="Okuda, S, 1937. Spioniform polychaetes from Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6. Zoology 5: 217 - 254, http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27002" title="Spioniform polychaetes from Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27002" volume="5" year="1937">Okuda (1937</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="8593178F54D6C100EFA9248A925C13DA" author="Okuda, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="217 - 254" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27002" refId="B130" refString="Okuda, S, 1937. Spioniform polychaetes from Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6. Zoology 5: 217 - 254, http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27002" title="Spioniform polychaetes from Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27002" volume="5" year="1937">Okuda (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0500BB8E228143A014BD7E591248079D" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="80C8B8D629F2D13A2DDC9EC118C0F94B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Therefore, these individuals were referred to this species. The larvae and adults were confirmed matching (18S: 1784/1784, 16S: 454/455 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="87D0BE07B9968E24344F15F3D1A8FE03" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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||||
).
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||||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<paragraph id="E15056EBD349F9E14F5EFAD63338F9C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
The planktonic larvae of this species were reported to be common in Onagawa Bay during June to November (
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B3" refString="Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, Nishitani, G, Endo, Y, 2014. Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" title="Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" volume="71" year="2014">Abe et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D789E9748AC750FA98B5803CDA480705" DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B3" refString="Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, Nishitani, G, Endo, Y, 2014. Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" title="Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" volume="71" year="2014">Abe et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). The larval morphology of this species observed in the present study agrees with the descriptions by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AD72D065E35324124DB5A759BD81C33C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ward, LA" journalOrPublisher="MOP Student Reports, University of Hawaii, Marine Option Program, Honolulu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/10125/23518" refId="B220" refString="Ward, LA, 1977. A Key to the larvae of the polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. MOP Student Reports, University of Hawaii, Marine Option Program, Honolulu, http://hdl.handle.net/10125/23518" title="A Key to the larvae of the polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10125/23518" year="1977">Ward (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F8CCC25814EB592418E0DE6D33B31EA5" author="Ward, LA" journalOrPublisher="MOP Student Reports, University of Hawaii, Marine Option Program, Honolulu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/10125/23518" refId="B220" refString="Ward, LA, 1977. A Key to the larvae of the polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. MOP Student Reports, University of Hawaii, Marine Option Program, Honolulu, http://hdl.handle.net/10125/23518" title="A Key to the larvae of the polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands." url="http://hdl.handle.net/10125/23518" year="1977">Ward (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Myohara, M" journalOrPublisher="Inform Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27657" refId="B123" refString="Myohara, M, 1980. Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) under laboratory condition, with special regard to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 22: 145-155. [figs 1-3] http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27657" title="Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) under laboratory condition, with special regard to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 22: 145 - 155. [figs 1 - 3]" url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27657" year="1980">Myohara (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="893C3FE4076017A7BE760ACE0E2F212E" author="Myohara, M" journalOrPublisher="Inform Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27657" refId="B123" refString="Myohara, M, 1980. Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) under laboratory condition, with special regard to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 22: 145-155. [figs 1-3] http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27657" title="Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) under laboratory condition, with special regard to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 22: 145 - 155. [figs 1 - 3]" url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27657" year="1980">Myohara (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wu, BL" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 364" refId="B226" refString="Wu, BL, Chen, M, 1980. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda). Acta Zoologica Sinica 26: 356 - 364" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda)." volume="26" year="1980">Wu and Chen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3341F6C46003378D10C0CD6C903F6AF6" author="Wu, BL" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="356 - 364" refId="B226" refString="Wu, BL, Chen, M, 1980. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda). Acta Zoologica Sinica 26: 356 - 364" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchia (Okuda)." volume="26" year="1980">Wu and Chen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 46" refId="B141" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1983. Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 38 - 46" title="Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1983">Radashevsky (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A56AE384BA4FED762CECA177C7C33DB3" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 46" refId="B141" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1983. Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 38 - 46" title="Reproduction and larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1983">Radashevsky (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2D3BE9709521A69B749706F9902358B7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The dorsal pigment pattern of this species consists of one pair of melanophores, which agrees with that of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora vexillosa" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vexillosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora vexillosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7008898A9018C716A443F5C847B23F5F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora vexillosa" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vexillosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A60ECB575D074E538D8595B609B590" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora vexillosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 photographed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-7-44" author="Mok, FS" journalOrPublisher="Proteome Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B120" refString="Mok, FS, Thiyagarajan, V, Qian, PY, 2009. Proteomic analysis during larval development and metamorphosis of the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. Proteome Science 7: 1 - 44, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-7-44" title="Proteomic analysis during larval development and metamorphosis of the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-7-44" volume="7" year="2009">Mok et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A80CDE729CEC53156D3B9CEA9892082E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-7-44" author="Mok, FS" journalOrPublisher="Proteome Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B120" refString="Mok, FS, Thiyagarajan, V, Qian, PY, 2009. Proteomic analysis during larval development and metamorphosis of the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. Proteome Science 7: 1 - 44, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-7-44" title="Proteomic analysis during larval development and metamorphosis of the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-7-44" volume="7" year="2009">Mok et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-31" author="Chandramouli, KH" journalOrPublisher="BMC Developmental Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B42" refString="Chandramouli, KH, Mok, FS, Wang, H, Qian, PY, 2011. Phosphoproteome analysis during larval development and metamorphosis in the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. BMC Developmental Biology 11: 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-31" title="Phosphoproteome analysis during larval development and metamorphosis in the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-31" volume="11" year="2011">Chandramouli et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="432D3C142BBEF73E9C01777D163E0012" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-31" author="Chandramouli, KH" journalOrPublisher="BMC Developmental Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B42" refString="Chandramouli, KH, Mok, FS, Wang, H, Qian, PY, 2011. Phosphoproteome analysis during larval development and metamorphosis in the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. BMC Developmental Biology 11: 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-31" title="Phosphoproteome analysis during larval development and metamorphosis in the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-31" volume="11" year="2011">Chandramouli et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3010088" author="Chandramouli, KH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Proteome Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1344 - 1358" refId="B43" refString="Chandramouli, KH, Sun, J, Mok, FS, Liu, L, Qiu, JW, Ravasi, T, Qian, PY, 2013. Transcriptome and quantitative proteome analysis reveals molecular processes associated with larval metamorphosis in the polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. Journal of Proteome Research 12: 1344 - 1358, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3010088" title="Transcriptome and quantitative proteome analysis reveals molecular processes associated with larval metamorphosis in the polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa." url="https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3010088" volume="12" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="662A34E0BED88B13918242AB8A4848F7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3010088" author="Chandramouli, KH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Proteome Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1344 - 1358" refId="B43" refString="Chandramouli, KH, Sun, J, Mok, FS, Liu, L, Qiu, JW, Ravasi, T, Qian, PY, 2013. Transcriptome and quantitative proteome analysis reveals molecular processes associated with larval metamorphosis in the polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. Journal of Proteome Research 12: 1344 - 1358, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3010088" title="Transcriptome and quantitative proteome analysis reveals molecular processes associated with larval metamorphosis in the polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa." url="https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3010088" volume="12" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), currently synonymized to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. paucibranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. paucibranchiata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D5BCAB64F5ACAC8DBF210BCD1B13CAB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. paucibranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="19E14606CEDAE5BDCEC8A5D3412E40B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. paucibranchiata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Junqueira, AOR" editor="Lopes, RM" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 371" refId="B91" refString="Junqueira, AOR, Tavares, MDS, Schaeffer-Novelli, Y, Radashevsky, VI, Cirelli, JO, Julio, LM, Romagnoli, FC, Santos, KC, Ferreira-Silva, MAG, 2009. Capitulo 6. Zoobentos. In: Lopes, RM, Coradin, L, Pombo, VB, Cunha, DR, Eds., Informe Sobre as Especies Exoticas Invasoras Marinhas no Brasil. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brazil: 145 - 371" title="Capitulo 6. Zoobentos." volumeTitle="Informe Sobre as Especies Exoticas Invasoras Marinhas no Brasil." year="2009">Junqueira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3079E9BF4704CB7EF25CE40EFAED0210" author="Junqueira, AOR" editor="Lopes, RM" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 371" refId="B91" refString="Junqueira, AOR, Tavares, MDS, Schaeffer-Novelli, Y, Radashevsky, VI, Cirelli, JO, Julio, LM, Romagnoli, FC, Santos, KC, Ferreira-Silva, MAG, 2009. Capitulo 6. Zoobentos. In: Lopes, RM, Coradin, L, Pombo, VB, Cunha, DR, Eds., Informe Sobre as Especies Exoticas Invasoras Marinhas no Brasil. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brazil: 145 - 371" title="Capitulo 6. Zoobentos." volumeTitle="Informe Sobre as Especies Exoticas Invasoras Marinhas no Brasil." year="2009">Junqueira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal pigment pattern of these larvae is also similar to that of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Claparede" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora antennata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ABAF04ED81E9227408A6D2185A826AC4" baseAuthorityName="Claparede" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora antennata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DF73ABB6DB28CD4EAA59B935D28913E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C69B6073669BA395670D7BD74057E91D" originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869) described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1DC674357DD10055047837E9AD4AA7E3" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora antennata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91628025649269B44AD430018DF17171" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora antennata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antennata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3E6C05A3A6353439953976A5D8C577E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora antennata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), but the latter species has a more thickened body shape compared to the former.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,76 +1,76 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:name id="13EF0C99E4CA9088FA2CD4EF9CACFEF8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FD04FC894D50DE294BA9816C6F54A5BD">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FD95171A1780C61D5FB90252652FAEA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-9368</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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||||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B103F43B3C0355959F03849199C8F6A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B103F43B3C0355959F03849199C8F6A1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="B103F43B3C0355959F03849199C8F6A1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B103F43B3C0355959F03849199C8F6A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B103F43B3C0355959F03849199C8F6A1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="B103F43B-3C03-5595-9F03-849199C8F6A1" authority="Caullery, 1914" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="D42E5C9D8C380022EEB43A649BBD23DF" ID-CoL="84RQF" LSID="B103F43B-3C03-5595-9F03-849199C8F6A1" authority="Caullery, 1914" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraprionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914</taxonomicName>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92470C4F8237E3DF58450262C92A9909" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92FC7FAAC766B70AD094AE59695CDEAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Overall shape long and slender, large in size (> 4 mm) and number of chaetigers (> 35 chaetigers) at metamorphosis. Prostomium rounded. Lateral parts of peristomium moderately demarcated from prostomium. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes present. Pigmentation absent except eyes and some reddish pigmentation on pygidium. Nototrochs absent. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger II onwards. Branchiae well developed and elongated in late larvae. Long larval chaetae may be absent in chaetiger II (
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-069" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="655 - 664" refId="B17" refString="Berkeley, E, Berkeley, C, 1961. Notes on polychaeta from California to Peru. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39: 655 - 664, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-069" title="Notes on polychaeta from California to Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-069" volume="39" year="1961">Berkeley and Berkeley 1961</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="6F13D8C8D9723C57E84B2028A2DE2A6D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-069" author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="655 - 664" refId="B17" refString="Berkeley, E, Berkeley, C, 1961. Notes on polychaeta from California to Peru. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39: 655 - 664, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-069" title="Notes on polychaeta from California to Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-069" volume="39" year="1961">Berkeley and Berkeley 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
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, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="EE6494CCCDEAD89FC77E0233D81EFF23" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="8A5F6ABFA004DC7F424B2CBBDEAD0D0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="03DC9B0329C2B023930D6EA7A6AB0CA0" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B274A476F9E590724C1566A962ABDFFF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="157 - 170" refId="B237" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1981. Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers). Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 157 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" title="Larval development of a spionid polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176017" volume="26" year="1981">Yokoyama 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 22" refId="B240" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1996. Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture 25: 17 - 22" title="Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay." volume="25" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="FDB580BE9086CBD3C6248EC78DDBEB46" author="Yokoyama, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 22" refId="B240" refString="Yokoyama, H, 1996. Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture 25: 17 - 22" title="Larvae of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (form B) found in the plankton from Omura Bay." volume="25" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="49032AAAFE5835C4D87595E36B426182" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212501" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2CBE223E88C5248BD7BBD487A8A8430" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2CBE223E88C5248BD7BBD487A8A8430" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C2CBE223-E88C-5248-BD7B-BD487A8A8430" authority="(Zachs, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Zachs" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora bidentata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dipolydora bidentata (Zachs, 1933)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7J, K</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="C2CBE223E88C5248BD7BBD487A8A8430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212501" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2CBE223E88C5248BD7BBD487A8A8430" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2CBE223E88C5248BD7BBD487A8A8430" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<subSubSection id="F4C769F30A5EE6B91FD034023B704152" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F0E892B15C31B73AA30436BBCD16F618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3D81AC4F136B3141996059412648F64A" ID-CoL="36PYJ" LSID="C2CBE223-E88C-5248-BD7B-BD487A8A8430" authority="(Zachs, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Zachs" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora bidentata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">Dipolydora bidentata (Zachs, 1933)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="815D16C678570B8AED89452F0115A554" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7J, K</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated. Prostomium and pygidium small. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Black pigmentation patches on lateral peristomium absent. Some patchy black pigment occurs between head and first chaetiger. Two dorsal black bands begin on chaetiger II and continue to posterior end. Dorso-lateral pigment extend posteriorly along lateral side found on most chaetigers. Some black or brown pigment may occur on pygidium. Ventral pigment absent. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="5C97F12151913992A9631A78C5709E1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="CC5D21577CCC6E25FB8931C09387DCCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A128C0FBE8F2E86659A83D375EA1AA75" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall shape elongated. Prostomium and pygidium small. Three pairs of black eyes present, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Black pigmentation patches on lateral peristomium absent. Some patchy black pigment occurs between head and first chaetiger. Two dorsal black bands begin on chaetiger II and continue to posterior end. Dorso-lateral pigment extend posteriorly along lateral side found on most chaetigers. Some black or brown pigment may occur on pygidium. Ventral pigment absent. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="8B4EE7A90B611887B6DEC62D35A07E1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="57C1D9C030B4BFE6BF4F24F4772CD0E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="70B63F5AAB4EEA9AFD3F12C8F312179B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species are shell-borers and were collected from shells of wild
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9A0BC2F1D8DC042A3AFB83C88E43A453" lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="8A3C2B9A6FD479800654A0173083B812" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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oysters in Sasuhama in July 2012. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bidentata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. bidentata</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="30FE3C8D76C3D95BF50CD3B29FDD6DC8" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bidentata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">
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<emphasis id="C4B05BCAF3C4287B089FE4D5064483E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. bidentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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by
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="9B94D8A102507874A706F7C2B4D79F54" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="831 - 848" refId="B180" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 1999. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79: 831 - 848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315498001003" volume="79" year="1999">Sato-Okoshi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained in the present study match (18S: 900/900, 16S: 473/475 bp) that of
|
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<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bidentata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. bidentata</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="B238DFD6158E6E73BF4349D0EF3ACCC0" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bidentata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">
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<emphasis id="4BBE99EDF23B04303B9F38D97A43975F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. bidentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Russia (JX228065) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1619 - 1624" refId="B155" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, 2013. Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae). Marine Biology 160: 1619 - 1624, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" title="Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" volume="160" year="2013">Radashevsky and Pankova (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="B296CCC4E026BF8213D50848E874B9BE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1619 - 1624" refId="B155" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, 2013. Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae). Marine Biology 160: 1619 - 1624, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" title="Shell-boring versus tube-dwelling: is the mode of life fixed or flexible? Two cases in spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2214-8" volume="160" year="2013">Radashevsky and Pankova (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1D5FCC626A4A0DE69219CC68E8F87EF3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Planktonic larvae of this species were collected from Onagawa Bay in November 2011 and from Sasuhama in February 2012. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B6491C6C301E0639A365140ACECF75D6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
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|
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<mods:title id="1FA120477E0A2AB3A47E4E766E7E5AA5">Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1 - 1 - 1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028 - 3694, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8C4A7649BB25708BA2176427956243D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8C4A7649BB25708BA2176427956243D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C8C4A764-9BB2-5708-BA21-76427956243D" authority="sensu Radashevsky et al., 2014" authorityName="sensu Radashevsky et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio asiatica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiatica">Rhynchospio aff. asiatica sensu Radashevsky et al., 2014</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 6. Light micrographs showing dorsal brooding of Rhynchospio aff. asiatica. Hermaphroditic individual broods their larvae between dorsal branchiae on posterior chaetigers. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="C8C4A7649BB25708BA2176427956243D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8C4A7649BB25708BA2176427956243D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8C4A7649BB25708BA2176427956243D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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<subSubSection id="671CD32C6CCA7EF52F5B856AFAE38735" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="CE670A09A2BDA2137A33EFC69931301E" ID-CoL="6X84H" LSID="C8C4A764-9BB2-5708-BA21-76427956243D" authority="sensu Radashevsky et al., 2014" authorityName="sensu Radashevsky et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio asiatica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiatica">Rhynchospio aff. asiatica sensu Radashevsky et al., 2014</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="90F22A135BF3F300265202B34C5D2364" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="DB09319BC50E66B8E7A2C67B4373A898" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 6. Light micrographs showing dorsal brooding of Rhynchospio aff. asiatica. Hermaphroditic individual broods their larvae between dorsal branchiae on posterior chaetigers. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93B2FC04F582C1B6CAC3EC1670B786EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="DDA1EEAA9D699BEB377D9970FE1DFEC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="04C5DDBACD4AB5D3A0C16EC1B07FEEA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
Overall body shape short and thick in relation to length. Prostomium broad, stumpy, somewhat notched anteriorly. Peristomium well developed, forming wide collar on sides of prostomium. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes arranged in straight line, lateral pair in kidney-shape. Parapodia strongly differentiated in late larvae. Larval chaetae occur only in notopodia. Pygidium large and round, acquires dorsal cirri in late larvae. Late larvae have two antero-lateral processes on prostomium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EE329153BF675F50919A028A7535D41D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Light micrographs showing morphologies of living spionid larvae of Aonides, Laonice, Rhynchospio, Scolelepis, and Spiophanes A-C Aonides cf. oxycephala, dorsal view of early planktonic (A), 8 - chaetiger (B), and 18 - chaetiger larvae (C) D Laonice sp. 1, dorsal view of early planktonic larva E Laonice sp. 2, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger larva F Poecilochaetus sp., dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva G, H Rhynchospio aff. asiatica, dorsal view of 6 - chaetiger (G) and 12 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Scolelepis cf. kudenovi, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Scolelepis sp. 1, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (J) and 19 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Scolelepis sp. 2, dorsal view of 20 - chaetiger larva M, N Spiophanes uschakowi, dorsal (M) and lateral view (N) of 18 - chaetiger larvae O, P Spiophanes aff. uschakowi, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger larva (O) and 27 - chaetiger juvenile (P). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pigmentation usually absent, some individuals have brownish pigmentation on peristomium, dorsum, and/or pygidium, and/or two medial black pigmentation ventrally on approximately chaetiger VI and anterior margin of the pygidium.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D87D72BA8459760723977751F4D2C32B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="116707890DDE260BC613EF40396319D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="54D9DF2FD3E85FED011143FE0C02C25B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from intertidal and shallow subtidal sandy or muddy bottom sediments in Gamo Lagoon in January 2011 and Sasuhama in September 2011 by using a hand-scoop. To date, three
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A654D91A66AA36EE1076E455DC96B1A1" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="40761D37F94C8783C98F1375AAAD2A5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. foliosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foliosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. foliosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="800421DF3D123BAEEF8053AFBCDD6E0F" lsidName="R. foliosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="foliosa">
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<emphasis id="775B981BD5E48C63437C5DD5A56A99DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. foliosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Imajima, 1991,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. gutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. gutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F90ECA59C1CB5B17EA2D4F5AB6D24E2F" lsidName="R. gutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gutaea">
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<emphasis id="3F6249586934877442B8661158FE7BBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. gutaea</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Ehlers, 1987), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. tuberculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. tuberculata</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B654F6F2E7E2F17A863D053481E1D6BB" lsidName="R. tuberculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
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<emphasis id="5E371371BF08DFDA43E0A3851FC48E4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. tuberculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Imajima, 1991, have been recorded from Japan (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 17" refId="B83" refString="Imajima, M, 1991a. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VI. The genera Malacoceros and Rhynchospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 17: 5 - 17" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VI. The genera Malacoceros and Rhynchospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="17" year="1991 a">Imajima 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D19F682AC4250921BF60C1AA9B7C4CFF" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 17" refId="B83" refString="Imajima, M, 1991a. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VI. The genera Malacoceros and Rhynchospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 17: 5 - 17" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VI. The genera Malacoceros and Rhynchospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="17" year="1991 a">Imajima 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, extensive morphological and molecular studies revealed the absence of records of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="088D88333D104F1B4FEEB378A44561EF" lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AEAC9CF44AB4119FB26A406E36DB225D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the northern Pacific Ocean (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7F8D2F6AA72860EB18AA8B96944CCD21" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="87516AC094D1E5B023692C11F4A4DAE7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="579 - 590" refId="B161" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Nuzhdin, S, 2016a. Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio species Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group. Zootaxa 4127: 579 - 590, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10" title="Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio species Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10" volume="4127" year="2016 a">2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4B7DFF85E892D79C6F5CAA5B13CF0FE8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="579 - 590" refId="B161" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Nuzhdin, S, 2016a. Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio species Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group. Zootaxa 4127: 579 - 590, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10" title="Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio species Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10" volume="4127" year="2016 a">2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BC6B969CEE425964681CC204EF378E3B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. arenicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A28A19770976292193317AD7F9B3894C" lsidName="R. arenicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="349990DF174FD3F094583C7619B5A827" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hartman, 1936,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64E957253B3B747FB12BC59B4938B6FF" lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C280E2222F71C00056218F447C02E50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. asiatica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Chlebovisch, 1959,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">R. aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8CFE209254945C3006C14FA858239F7" lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">R. aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AFF0A676F420FF2E573291628CAF90EE" lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5FEEC232876208C1DC02A9502AB07BA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="026FEB92E94D8501F131F571658B9BE7" lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D536F4C54FED47FC9ABD43852EDB31A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex because they resembled each other so closely. Adult morphology and 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0256E79E3E68F26DE51768DA50A73C8B" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B3376F3387BD437D326D4ECDFDA8A0F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens obtained in the present study agree (18S: 1716/1716, 16S: 486/492 bp) with those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">R. aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B79D8C88B596EE66DE851E46CC92ADAB" lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">R. aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C83DF0D069C70B038BBE78651DEED093" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) from South Korea (KJ546296) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="542A757BA1DF410DBA06BDF0EA87FB03" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">R. aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E83E7CE3A64043E7B1E59E3ED7F33C1" lsidName="R. asiatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asiatica">R. aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="492C80A120D6CC5F4CD4A7D42554EDAB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1783/1783, 16S: 471/477 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A36446F7999CF1759E0955DB9BA62754" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9091722B8B6645ABBB96F22966B20BCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
This species is recorded from Japan for the first time in the present study. The brooding of larvae beneath dorsal branchiae in this species was observed in September 2011 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 6. Light micrographs showing dorsal brooding of Rhynchospio aff. asiatica. Hermaphroditic individual broods their larvae between dorsal branchiae on posterior chaetigers. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="57FDFA5CA160311094F719E2FBC39D87" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 6. Light micrographs showing dorsal brooding of Rhynchospio aff. asiatica. Hermaphroditic individual broods their larvae between dorsal branchiae on posterior chaetigers. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The larvae adhere to their parents and are enclosed by branchiae present on the posterior chaetigers (26th-39th chaetigers). The larvae are retained on the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="parents’">parents'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7E56DDF1DC15645C89FA2640B097ACCF" originalValue="parents’">parents'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
dorsum even when the parent individuals leave their tube, unless the parent is disturbed. Larvae seemed to be released at around the 3-chaetiger stage; the fact that planktonic larvae with more than three chaetigers were commonly collected from plankton supports this observation. Similar dorsal larval brooding was reported in other
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C98456B79F266951CB9C442489DCB638" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="389602C0550D9E334774BB04A19064D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Levin, LA" journalOrPublisher="Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B101" refString="Levin, LA, 1982. The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." title="The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." year="1982">Levin 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9BE90C462D82FE904CDD0C192B3998E8" author="Levin, LA" journalOrPublisher="Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B101" refString="Levin, LA, 1982. The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." title="The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." year="1982">Levin 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="02CE3794E33C08E8D87DD173118F1780" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CAB1A55E8FDC0C602DB11593C3AF3C0A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Streblospio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblospio benedicti" order="Canalipalpata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benedicti">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Streblospio benedicti</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC36B06A62D7A030EB6A00ADD3A5D98B" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Streblospio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streblospio benedicti" order="Canalipalpata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benedicti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A60A5AB805BABCFE3F146A2245A5FD0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Streblospio benedicti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Webster, 1879 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Levin, LA" journalOrPublisher="Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B101" refString="Levin, LA, 1982. The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." title="The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." year="1982">Levin 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8FC30E49AC9942D2851703D3C28D6E9A" author="Levin, LA" journalOrPublisher="Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B101" refString="Levin, LA, 1982. The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." title="The roles of life history, dispersal and interference competition in the population and community structure of a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego." year="1982">Levin 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541157" author="Levin, LA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="494 - 508" refId="B102" refString="Levin, LA, 1984. Multiple patterns of development in Streblospio benedicti Webster (Spionidae) from three coast of North America. The Biological Bulletin 166: 494 - 508, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541157" title="Multiple patterns of development in Streblospio benedicti Webster (Spionidae) from three coast of North America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541157" volume="166" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4697F8863E22612D59927F15E79859AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541157" author="Levin, LA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="494 - 508" refId="B102" refString="Levin, LA, 1984. Multiple patterns of development in Streblospio benedicti Webster (Spionidae) from three coast of North America. The Biological Bulletin 166: 494 - 508, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1541157" title="Multiple patterns of development in Streblospio benedicti Webster (Spionidae) from three coast of North America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1541157" volume="166" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="BBF588DEC61A0725016E7F068F70421D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="13776725D9A04A890F53430449A01B59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5F8A9D344276FCF332A5533F19501EFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Light micrographs showing dorsal brooding of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio asiatica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiatica">Rhynchospio aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57EADFB5D71F5A5CC0CFD77EA38D03A5" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio asiatica" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="asiatica">Rhynchospio aff. asiatica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Hermaphroditic individual broods their larvae between dorsal branchiae on posterior chaetigers. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="79C53A2FC21C5CBE974D0CAD2F19739B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae were found in Onagawa Bay, Gamo Lagoon, and Sasuhama in almost every season of the study period, but few were found in winter season (November to March). Larval morphology of this species resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CEC23190D704C0250194E945FE59A965" lsidName="R. glutaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="glutaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CC093273F1DBD096B2468551E795149F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. glutaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. nhatrangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nhatrangi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. nhatrangi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B233861ACDBCE758D35F421C2F29D117" lsidName="R. nhatrangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nhatrangi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F61786F2909F9501738CB8FC2B85DCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. nhatrangi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Radashevsky, 2007 described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="777C1C0495D0F9D1BE9768AEB0D4DCF2" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="486AED7D59371AFAD8E801F351A01A39" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 997" refId="B148" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 2007. Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa. Journal of Natural History 41: 985 - 997, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" title="Morphology and biology of a new Rhynchospio species (Annelida: Spionidae) from the South China Sea, Vietnam, with the review of Rhynchospio taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701376717" volume="41" year="2007">Radashevsky (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, respectively. The overall larval morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1964A73CD44E2988FDF3570D47D7EBB2" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1936" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Rhynchospio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchospio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D2A153E1138E9A7A2BA6C940DC96918" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhynchospio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species is quite similar to that of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1843" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malacoceros" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Malacoceros</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE7C94C0155FBCB89E604FA93F95E82F" authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1843" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malacoceros" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16CA38E35C8E8E5012485265871DC20D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Malacoceros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="641F7606F6A9CEAECB0F393AD565FA65" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DDD1CB562FA5E01826E0776B8E498B19" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D3D50DA528292B5B9E449837382EBAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolelepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), but it differs in the latter having three pairs of black eyes, the most lateral pairs with double-eyes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,66 +1,66 @@
|
|||
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="CA1C08E9-BDC0-5129-95A9-6869F7EB3E5F" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Laonice Malmgren, 1867</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="F1D031AF7D5F787479A2914DFE77F9E0" ID-CoL="84PJQ" LSID="CA1C08E9-BDC0-5129-95A9-6869F7EB3E5F" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Laonice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonice" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Laonice Malmgren, 1867</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC12F45092E3C56FFB4F899B52CADDF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
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Overall shape short, thick, and fusiform. Prostomium stumpy, rectangular, notched anteriorly. Lateral parts of peristomium clearly demarcated from prostomium. The short palps attached to outer end of lateral parts of peristomium. Two pairs of red eyes present. Melanophores and pigmentation absent except eyes. Nototrochs absent. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger III onwards. Well-developed serrated larval chaetae occur both in noto- and neuropodia, notochaetae characteristically introverted toward medial line of dorsal side. Early larvae covered by egg envelope (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="61AE398CA86A57CF0808BCD6CF0A15AA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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Genus
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7244125DEFFAF5E8F01CCC8356D58A1" ID-CoL="84THX" LSID="CD49C972-C018-59F4-9C05-F020ED5EB12E" authority="Blainville, 1828" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1828" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolelepis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Scolelepis Blainville, 1828</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AE0E1CF19FC7A70FC4DC711D21620DE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C3C238D1F053453FF09B622114C76ED9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="22CE8BAC1E3FF4C8451E548EDB0A3080" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall shape thick and fusiform. Prostomium pointed anteriorly, terminates in retractile, muscular tip. Lateral parts of peristomium clearly demarcated from prostomium, forming large peristomial umbrella. Short palps on lateral-most parts of peristomium. Two pairs of red eyes present. Melanophore absent, black, brown, orange, red, or green pigmentation patches often present in body surface, pharynx, gut, and/or proctodaeum. Nototrochs present or absent. Gastrotrochs occur in all chaetigers from chaetiger II or III onwards. Pygidium large, inflated, and surrounded by thick telotroch (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Okuda, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27055" refId="B131" refString="Okuda, S, 1946. Studies on the development of AnnelidaPolychaeta I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series 6, Zoology 9: 115-219. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27055" title="Studies on the development of AnnelidaPolychaeta I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series 6, Zoology 9: 115 - 219." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27055" year="1946">Okuda 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="72A802387086180C68BDE420ECFEB741" author="Okuda, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27055" refId="B131" refString="Okuda, S, 1946. Studies on the development of AnnelidaPolychaeta I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series 6, Zoology 9: 115-219. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27055" title="Studies on the development of AnnelidaPolychaeta I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series 6, Zoology 9: 115 - 219." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27055" year="1946">Okuda 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio filicornis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="filicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio filicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0486B3A47342415139206DED31E124A3" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio filicornis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="filicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DFDA2CC87DC3D00CD950454849B56BF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio filicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 324" refId="B69" refString="Hartman, O, 1941. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 289 - 324" title="Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California." volume="7" year="1941">Hartman 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CB06595CE7D159C637621ADBE3BD2627" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 324" refId="B69" refString="Hartman, O, 1941. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 289 - 324" title="Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California." volume="7" year="1941">Hartman 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E829829C1D076780EA7931B19D22E1A6" authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E52D310727DD6E283DDF69D84CCD65DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C5722119EF188F21226C79741BC6718A" author="Thorson, G" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 523" refId="B213" refString="Thorson, G, 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser, Series Plankton 4: 1 - 523" title="Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates." volume="4" year="1946">Thorson 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerine" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerine</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B4A0BC654BD2F0197AA5BD4B36AE344B" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerine" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A31ABF0D043DCFCA7D018E28ABD3BA05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in part see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="054756580BD0D87553C30570EC32355E" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6751E43996ACD8B0412E446FF7D56F03" author="Hannerz, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 204" refId="B67" refString="Hannerz, L, 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 31: 1 - 204" title="Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mensil, and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden)." volume="31" year="1956">Hannerz 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerine" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerine</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2FF3D2D9EB7B330DF3470996033F22B" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerine" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="60269AF1301A3D3362B16924E6E2C87F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BAF9F9F676CF07C2A370C5722C6EED1" authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E008FB48633CA05209BC3D71999166ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hokkaido Gakugei University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 165" refId="B78" refString="Imajima, M, 1959. A description of a new species of the Spionidae (Polychaeta), Nerinides yamaguchii n. sp., with notes on its development. Journal of Hokkaido Gakugei University 10: 155 - 165" title="A description of a new species of the Spionidae (Polychaeta), Nerinides yamaguchii n. sp., with notes on its development." volume="10" year="1959">Imajima 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A04705F28E76298372B557F5B04C802" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hokkaido Gakugei University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 165" refId="B78" refString="Imajima, M, 1959. A description of a new species of the Spionidae (Polychaeta), Nerinides yamaguchii n. sp., with notes on its development. Journal of Hokkaido Gakugei University 10: 155 - 165" title="A description of a new species of the Spionidae (Polychaeta), Nerinides yamaguchii n. sp., with notes on its development." volume="10" year="1959">Imajima 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE948E5CD0A51CC5DD79AEADCACA6B7F" authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="672D97EB1663CAC04FD020033BD3A6B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539492" author="Dean, D" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 169" refId="B53" refString="Dean, D, Hatfield, PA, 1963. Pelagic larvae of Nerinides agilis (Verrill). The Biological Bulletin 124: 163 - 169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539492" title="Pelagic larvae of Nerinides agilis (Verrill)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539492" volume="124" year="1963">Dean and Hatfield 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0A4F0402F53ACD3CF717EFB1E56AE248" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539492" author="Dean, D" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 169" refId="B53" refString="Dean, D, Hatfield, PA, 1963. Pelagic larvae of Nerinides agilis (Verrill). The Biological Bulletin 124: 163 - 169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1539492" title="Pelagic larvae of Nerinides agilis (Verrill)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539492" volume="124" year="1963">Dean and Hatfield 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="815991A6ACD01ED20AC8AAC73F42CA65" authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="35F174900C98A12F289050EEF2B325C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4C5ACAE150967128B3DFC7C7A925D3D2" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerine" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerine</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="857B879234FE472ABCF1893A39DB93F2" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerine" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2551691FAEE6DB8D444B53D187CF5EE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7BA2EABF248E9B11CAA045056B8521A7" authorityName="Mesnil" authorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Nerinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerinides" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="461BD98933D284C692843C50F2AF5882" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nerinides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="831A36B8E1DBAFF54A607B8DC235B4DA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" author="Plate, S" journalOrPublisher="Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B139" refString="Plate, S, Husemann, E, 1994. Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight). Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 48: 1 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" title="Identification guide to the planktonic polychaete larvae around the island of Helgoland (German Bight)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366201" volume="48" year="1994">Plate and Husemann 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Scheltema, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="396 - 404" refId="B187" refString="Scheltema, RS, Blake, JA, Williams, IP, 1997. Planktonic larvae of spionid and chaetopterid polychaetes from off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Bulletin of Marine Science 60: 396 - 404" title="Planktonic larvae of spionid and chaetopterid polychaetes from off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula." volume="60" year="1997">Scheltema et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BE8BD082A3F3D0E0FE81F56237743613" author="Scheltema, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="396 - 404" refId="B187" refString="Scheltema, RS, Blake, JA, Williams, IP, 1997. Planktonic larvae of spionid and chaetopterid polychaetes from off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Bulletin of Marine Science 60: 396 - 404" title="Planktonic larvae of spionid and chaetopterid polychaetes from off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula." volume="60" year="1997">Scheltema et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="471B9496D99B15D093ABEC7BCB2A2559" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6E593292BBE4C1A812E42726E2CFDC36" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName LSID="CD74A6AC-C684-50D4-AE55-9A609DDDA1E4" authority="Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="A32708DB881CB2A1F4E6C0A864E5846F" ID-CoL="4P8KD" LSID="CD74A6AC-C684-50D4-AE55-9A609DDDA1E4" authority="Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="F42D0435CCA9386B14C42A1A02A0A511" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DFBC35F9588069B06BE3D98285E8FF4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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Overall larval shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium slightly notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present in more or less a straight line, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Large patches of black pigment on lateral peristomium present. Mid-dorsal melanophore on chaetiger I usually present. Dorsal pigments undergo expansion and contraction, expanding to cover almost complete dorsal surface with finely ramified black pigment (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="21735EE1AD630A7A4BA5081D5C175D49" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9F</figureCitation>
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) or contract to dot-like black pigmentation without ramifications (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="048BEB8B5461BB33EB510E29765DD95B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E</figureCitation>
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). Ventral pigment usually absent, consisting of paired bars on the posterior border on anterior chaetigers occasionally present. Black pigment on pygidium. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V, VII, and XII in 17- and 18-chaetiger larvae, late larvae lose gastrotrochs on chaetigers V and/or XXII.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="51BA1FE9ED7C6823F212310CDAE3BE67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy sediment in Gamo Lagoon in April 2013 and Sasuhama in July and September in 2011. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
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by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="194A2D751FF59E9865DF933F47D6F81E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, these individuals were referred to this species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 99.4% (304/306 bp) similarity with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F42FBABB14F93169219F84F6B7E633BA" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AB135CE92C53ECD30236A8A056F00DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Zachs, 1933) from Russia (MG460894) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B166" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Gambi, MC, Giangrande, A, Keppel, E, Nygren, A, Al-Kandari, M, Carlton, JT, 2020b. Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621-3644. ttps:// doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" title="Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621 - 3644. ttps: //" url="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" year="2020 b">Radashevsky et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF74D3C337A4C2B178C541BB6973CFD6" DOI="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B166" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Gambi, MC, Giangrande, A, Keppel, E, Nygren, A, Al-Kandari, M, Carlton, JT, 2020b. Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621-3644. ttps:// doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" title="Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621 - 3644. ttps: //" url="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" year="2020 b">Radashevsky et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, indicating these two are one species. Although the Japanese population shows intermediate morphological characteristics between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BDEE4C7C35795E9AEF1469C335770B61" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="71C20A2589EDB71CFF81AB12996D599B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(type locality Taiwan) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4A1CA4BD88BFD0F9591F8DEE66A5443E" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2E9459DDFAC021B2E37BEAF0D27196C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(type locality Russia),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="23C443853AFEA64E5E2D1DFFD51310A2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
tentatively identified the Japanese population as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">P. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0715A378DD8559FD20242CC8BD795DD" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">P. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because the original description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3144FF50485A97A4A819CC68F10C6FD" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7A2B6026315738626D4057532AE234F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very brief and the status of the species remains unclear. The results of the present study indicate that the Japanese population likely belongs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C1001AC59C31693D832CA39AF6276FC" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4125D7104DE28F5DC2C2DECF2D8A0437" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but whether the morphologically similar
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF6053FB9E0D4290F530F76B220D1383" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="688080B47420B2D938FE58354886EF3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="251A9D392FAE8C52C27C2DD069E2ABA7" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bassarginensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bassarginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F9352224A82650D0BA169140374057C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bassarginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are considered molecularly as the same or different species will need to be clarified. Planktonic larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">P. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57DFE6F137E113B42F9EDD8ED0D33EFB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">P. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larger than the 3-chaetiger stage were collected from Gamo Lagoon, Sasuhama, and Onagawa Bay mainly from July to September. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1775/1775, 16S: 468/470 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="88D0609EED9E8D89CDA5B61E59C9F81B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="63A17D38251B6889E3E67F31189C07A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E0A0F320B8FE344D696C52920189DA7" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F8229DE2CAE2A133DED930482E38BBB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are very similar sister species; specimens from Japan once misidentified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C6E4E47F8239CDA9F5C39133003D0ED" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="67AC09A5C614E18120EBD2A92DE9B1D7" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2330A45C800D69839F98D60FFE72E22A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were distinguished based on their morphology and 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="076EFA64421E9C3864DF4FCCD5E4CF53" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae of these two species are also quite similar, but the mid-dorsal melanophore on chaetiger I is usually present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="reticulata">Ps. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04462AC2CDF0C5BDBE2C829EA63ED205" lsidName="Ps. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="reticulata">Ps. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75391508B7AF1FE5E0105EA0CB0E2A9F" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; moreover, the dorsal pigmentation is more distinct in the former species than in the latter. The two species also differ in reproduction and larval development:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E2F5B455E14E9D059895FECEAE0DFEC1" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has lecithotrophic development with a short planktonic phase, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">P. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3EB2E79794EF3F526752312794D429A4" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">P. cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has planktotrophic development with a long planktonic phase (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6131DE36D36233DE00D699B5C06C30DF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,100 +1,100 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212494" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF836F5200985EA1ACF8638134F28A46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF836F5200985EA1ACF8638134F28A46" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CF836F52-0098-5EA1-ACF8-638134F28A46" authority="(Webster, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7H, I</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="CF836F5200985EA1ACF8638134F28A46" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212494" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF836F5200985EA1ACF8638134F28A46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF836F5200985EA1ACF8638134F28A46" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<taxonomicName id="BBFB26C96FC2CFCC6FF659E8BA3FDE7D" ID-CoL="M8HX" LSID="CF836F52-0098-5EA1-ACF8-638134F28A46" authority="(Webster, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="74D75B67C141A6E8F4BEF850AF1EDF27" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7H, I</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4EC2489DD14F282C27E3FAA2D09F2161" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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Thick and fusiform in overall shape, widest at middle part of body. Prostomium broad and anteriorly rounded, usually dusky brown anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present, most median pair rounded, lateral pairs usually double-eyes, occasionally divided into respective eyes. Black pigmentation usually presents ventrally on each lateral lip, occasionally absent. Dorsal pigmentation basically consists of a pair of medial bands, lateral branching melanophores, and small pigment patch at the base of notopodia in each chaetiger from chaetiger III onwards (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="D9DF37601394BBE7F6419F8E2D396AFD" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7H</figureCitation>
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). These melanophores undergo expansion and contraction, sometimes coalescing to cover almost the whole of the dorsal surface as ramified pigmentation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7I</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A2792D959687705D77BC47E8FD7FB972" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7I</figureCitation>
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||||
). Four transverse lines of black pigmentation sometimes fused as a single transverse band in chaetiger I. One or two pairs of lateral black pigmentation on chaetiger II. Two rows of band-shaped ventral pigmentation usually located on posterior edges of some chaetigers posterior to second chaetiger. A pair of black pigment patches on pygidium. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, and XIII.
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</paragraph>
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||||
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="A733CC98CF04B63EBAD0A4D52A804B25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="FDC190D11B03DEC129864ACCF187C337" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from mud deposits in crevices of shells of living
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="CDDCA55ED6F833A106A16FB5D34D8120" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
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oysters in Sasuhama in May 2011 and February 2016. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. hamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. hamata</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D0E58DFE1E6FB72265C49FFEF95AFC9B" lsidName="B. hamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamata">
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<emphasis id="453C9D51C740967CDDD2E025C2E66E2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. hamata</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="48FC923D8601BDD46624678CCD0E8DD1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. hamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8547F01819331AF407C30E5A18201A2A" lsidName="B. hamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="35F96694491B8CAD43B53A6E9F6EDE11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1772/1772, 16S: 480/481 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="963724DD116F17E1BEE309DD53B1BCDB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="32A87891266BF4D8D8E679963543360F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were frequently collected from Onagawa Bay, Gobu-ura, and Sasuhama in July and August. The larval morphology of this species agrees with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. hamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="447A6B728AEE14596273F95ABF640148" lsidName="B. hamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="44FDFF5C6F29117B39B613DC4305CA6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" author="Dean, D" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B52" refString="Dean, D, Blake, JA, 1966. https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" year="1966">Dean and Blake (1966</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E87123BCCBE3F5EF8470A0FE6B5E54D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" author="Dean, D" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B52" refString="Dean, D, Blake, JA, 1966. https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1539739" year="1966">Dean and Blake (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2676A962E2281BC37E1407B809DF37" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9B2AD9A8961E98BA45B2E9C58C82DCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,138 +1,138 @@
|
|||
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<taxonomicName LSID="D1B4DED1-354B-5D65-A806-AE070A1F6625" authority="Berkley & Berkeley, 1950" authorityName="Berkley & Berkeley" authorityYear="1950" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora spongicola" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">Polydora cf. spongicola Berkley & Berkeley, 1950</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="D1B4DED1354B5D65A806AE070A1F6625" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D1B4DED1354B5D65A806AE070A1F6625" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1B4DED1354B5D65A806AE070A1F6625" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<taxonomicName id="6FBE4A1DFD76CC01FF5827C2E2259605" ID-CoL="4L65M" LSID="D1B4DED1-354B-5D65-A806-AE070A1F6625" authority="Berkley & Berkeley, 1950" authorityName="Berkley & Berkeley" authorityYear="1950" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora spongicola" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">Polydora cf. spongicola Berkley & Berkeley, 1950</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="99B72BF98A79785B5DA37EF691B66068" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall body shape slender and slightly fusiform. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present; median eyes rounded, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between middle and lateral pair of eyes absent. Black pigment on lateral peristomium absent. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of band-shaped melanophores from chaetiger II. These melanophores undergo expansion and contraction, expand to ramified melanophores or contract to non-ramified band-shaped melanophores. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. In late larvae modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="B376EE92E84DBFFCAC1E06CE1AF5417D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="43DECF882B97AACE272F49649FC38EF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C0CC51EC30D58FE0BD2F4D3974DDD57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Overall body shape slender and slightly fusiform. Prostomium broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present; median eyes rounded, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophores between middle and lateral pair of eyes absent. Black pigment on lateral peristomium absent. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of band-shaped melanophores from chaetiger II. These melanophores undergo expansion and contraction, expand to ramified melanophores or contract to non-ramified band-shaped melanophores. Lateral and ventral pigments absent. In late larvae modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F6EB4C13D330B03C000648AB7735A559" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="004768DEA28472AE339EDEEB7A129F1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3AEDB1AC5E0D174CBAE8FA1D778ACD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species were collected from mud tubes constructed on the sponge
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Demospongea" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mycale</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57A8A44891A51E10C104E6C2718DA0CB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Demospongea" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C781C2A9E3159B080779E4DB0F95E800" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mycale</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. in Moroiso Bay, Misaki Peninsula (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Spionid polychaete species collected from Japan in the present and previous studies. Data on life stage (adult / larva), type, and sampling locality, DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank accession numbers, and sequence lengths are given. Accession numbers of gene sequences newly obtained in the present study are highlighted in boldface type." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="3BD3F6EC57829A880EFB2CFCB528E6F0" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Spionid polychaete species collected from Japan in the present and previous studies. Data on life stage (adult / larva), type, and sampling locality, DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank accession numbers, and sequence lengths are given. Accession numbers of gene sequences newly obtained in the present study are highlighted in boldface type." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="17425E96EDBFE08C0B4A43BEC2489E93">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The morphology of its modified spines in chaetiger V and the sponge-associated ecology of adults match the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D1B0D1207F74A806247B85869EAA43A" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E9C05736E24CFB9070D85A0C8661CF13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="739AE98AF70D6F1B3361A9856402FCB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">P. cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D241FD82EC29B13F12DD559D0CE6050" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">P. cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because the adult specimens were in poor condition, which hindered their morphology examination. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1770/1771, 16S: 474/475 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="731BB8EFDBFCB8FF3A306EA41887A6CE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1E51AB1E59A8A8496B57104AC72C5498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Only one planktonic larva of this species was collected in Sasuhama in January 2013. The larval morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">P. cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="133368EFEE8A417E978E59CFFB2E5FBB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">P. cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
closely resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="461C1240F3AD2A44257457A19D378BAD" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C10FBDD85E7D3673057889F5D67C52CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="870 - 878" refId="B144" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1988. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 870 - 878" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="67" year="1988">Radashevsky (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5FE4E05FA75C9D105FA45C5E6626190F" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="870 - 878" refId="B144" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1988. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 870 - 878" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="67" year="1988">Radashevsky (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buzhinskaja" authorityYear="1971" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora uschakovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora uschakovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="28B2579759E9C179C50CA1C05ECE5FC8" authorityName="Buzhinskaja" authorityYear="1971" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora uschakovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FD754802471825DD14F83FB7B1C561E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora uschakovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Buzhinskaja, 1971) from Russia.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buzhinskaja" authorityYear="1971" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora uschakovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora uschakovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8EB9E31AF2BC14D0104A4449BAB53B9" authorityName="Buzhinskaja" authorityYear="1971" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora uschakovi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C5EFB25422830D48CEE8115632B8AEB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora uschakovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
originally described from Russia was synonymized with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9385A106FEA508811DA84823ACA2E58F" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13A41365994169662064A3727C0E7339" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(type locality: Canada) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8483A67A204D34EBED6E5AE83135D113" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B146" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1993. Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 36: 1 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" title="Revision of the genus Polydora and related genera from the North West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/176224" volume="36" year="1993">Radashevsky (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1D44702D1640FDA031D1AEA832D7CE8A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7048E1A47434CF40147819E685CE08FC" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B39D4800C686CD8C319EED49745C4423" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from California and doubted this synonymization because, despite the similarities between the larvae from Russian and California, there are several morphological differences including the nature of the major spines of chaetiger V and the distribution of nototrochs and gastrotrichs. However, the larval dorsal pigment pattern of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B65B1D2E233C3B755C7DB7160091F6D" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F306E88162383A50D5BD4336D29D54FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="63087E71AFA3E143A0DE0A54B50A77C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1081 - 1133" refId="B23" refString="Blake, JA, 2017. Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5-year period. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1081 - 1133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" title="Larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. Fourteen additional species together with seasonality of planktic larvae over a 5 - year period." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315417000716" volume="97" year="2017">Blake (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
greatly differs from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">P. cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5532EAF240D1E0000889AD6B595FC0D6" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">P. cf. spongicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the present study and of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3109ECC738DE6100CEC99E8872BDB3E" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="80D51B06C676A9AB3E7FD4F158B6B6B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="870 - 878" refId="B144" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1988. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 870 - 878" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="67" year="1988">Radashevsky (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C134B73AEB2A3F24741DAD17AA42863" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="870 - 878" refId="B144" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1988. Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 870 - 878" title="Morphology, ecology, reproduction and larval development of Polydora uschakovi (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="67" year="1988">Radashevsky (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
but resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brevipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59C3611824888EA014E0E28602C181FB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. brevipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevipalpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="90F90C72FE5FAAAA2D867519CF49C79D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brevipalpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the present study. Conspecificity between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. uschakovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. uschakovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E97157B081FB65DD5575CE14957C70CB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. uschakovi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="99AC6B0BE8C16DB5EADCDEC3160CB49B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. uschakovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7B65D3DCB434CA86EF6A71FB606A6B5" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. spongicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A1DB0086691A4003A3DDA23F026AB904" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spongicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should be verified in future studies.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,277 +1,277 @@
|
|||
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<taxonomicName LSID="D7D65997-7274-5363-9140-B47B5BE54569" authority="Hartman, 1940" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1940" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia proboscidea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="proboscidea">Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="D7D65997727453639140B47B5BE54569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D7D65997727453639140B47B5BE54569" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D7D65997727453639140B47B5BE54569" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
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<taxonomicName id="E20AAA4BCC146D9FBB3B715B14087FAA" ID-CoL="M8HK" LSID="D7D65997-7274-5363-9140-B47B5BE54569" authority="Hartman, 1940" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1940" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia proboscidea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="proboscidea">Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="A9E8E95E3F94FCE2B6DBD10916CA08B8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485DEA428FD53A448261A4810C10D6D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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Slender and fusiform in overall shape, widest in middle of body. Prostomium rounded and slightly notched anteriorly. Three pairs of eyes present, most median pair rounded, lateral pairs double-eyes. Body entirely faint green in color. A prominent row of dorsal melanophores occurs medially from chaetiger III, lateral black pigment spots present on chaetigers VII and VIII in late larvae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E6B2A66E971A83699E4C466EC282A75D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pygidium has dorsal gap, pigmented with weak dark color. Internally, vestibule light brown, gut either yellow or brown. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V and VII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<caption id="CB8CB9A5D59F153CE46F63F22E648B24" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F8">
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<paragraph id="C3E68E25C2F2DBAD720169E18C408650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="853609EFE846008FE2D3C6D1227F2025" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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||||
Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5AA339B5DF87CE61734345CF0D6875EF" authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B17A87D33144286EC9FAD598FC5A5F85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blake & Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F3DA61AA156DCF4BA82EC699FF838012" authorityName="Blake & Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="367F97805E78729915E35260BD5B6655" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="969576A5C849429E5EC9126B6EF7C5A6" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="11E86DA34F2D7DEFCD06DC8DA1D1E61B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1940" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia proboscidea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA36AEC293A7686AF8DDD35007074C35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C656FCC965B76493A312BE058DC5405" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1940" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia proboscidea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC98FAFACF8648412E31637F474ACE1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="25CEC6BAFED919D76F132F76F9912EE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 15-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD010DDB9391F5BB2F09CCA501CC0BC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia pseudonatrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="81F34743F8B4AD210A98EADD747E92B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5158576D212C9A2FB451AE448CC28603" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia pseudonatrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pseudonatrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9AF2BB59E9FEB0F48AAF1E42F6A1CE34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia pseudonatrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10-chaetiger larvae
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3363997D95ADB8393E69DF899DF91F7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="214333A81E509CB60BA030645FB72121" authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6D2A840C6471A1773925016CE8B6233" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 1, dorsal view of 9-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9180273B104D9C831EDC1171927D8E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) and dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="962D33C3AA55913C96B03C5996686814" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) and ventral view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="26CCF194FC8B30386D4FBF38A48B6CD7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
) of 17-chaetiger larvae
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="054E7425C68A93F2F4BEE7E8A80AA058" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="993887AAEB7BCCBE7BE01F977ADC97E0" authorityName="Carazzi" authorityYear="1893" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="14FDCFFED26E440AEA30C2B47E5A1E50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2, dorsal view of 15-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F613305E431ADDEDA7749046787506BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="522BE19514704EC152D89260ABAB5418" baseAuthorityName="Webster" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardiella hamata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A88D3CC1B3491AEE5AA7691BC7F98B38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardiella hamata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 16-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A1D5BC2DE43903EEC30EB99CEA23DFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 18-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E73154CB7C1C5F0156FF99257115A938" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zachs" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora bidentata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora bidentata</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F05FC9DE42ABBC49F7040F34B404D0F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E2278E992B58CF04104DAB2C8228475" baseAuthorityName="Zachs" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora bidentata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A7406170576B49A96C11B9792A219DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora bidentata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 13-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2C29AEF630569B962DF5B73DE9B855B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 18-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D7FE2845CFA6B763597BFC2CB6EA942" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">Dipolydora cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E220A212F0B0DF7D76D53E2FD37D172F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="627D61B3E61AC3F6BAA7CC0315E9F013" baseAuthorityName="Andrews" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora commensalis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="commensalis">Dipolydora cf. commensalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 21-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, N</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mesnil" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="915E698EDF86F5050BE4152D82ADF5C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, N</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8A378526A9A44354390FA35EBE46076" baseAuthorityName="Mesnil" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora giardi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giardi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AAD6B54DEE187960959BF295187812AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora giardi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 19-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FE73DC8A530872DF1C89B4C0474C9063" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
) and lateral view of 21-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CAE720AE88E8A5AC9759793786907F74" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">Dipolydora cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9B816F2AD03355C4CC4F6088C371382" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B688BEAEED8A6DDAA9576C2C8A74C5D" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora socialis" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="socialis">Dipolydora cf. socialis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 18-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5954AFFBE2F010BB7FB7C6711DD4B8E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="237919A84D7F0C3AE76D48B4328FF148" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Dipolydora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F34F8C14C0D55504FB7EB4624C062B2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp., dorsal view of 7-chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9A3DBD286D9DAA170A8C8A65D01B0B63" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="68D1F0474E17C79EA84AB6F90ACD612B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C93FCE1B5B9BD76E6D9252A035A945D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DD9CCA841F4EE52BED4852F174B655D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adults of this species were non-boring and collected from mud deposits in crevices of shells of living
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea gigas" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B9D81007E21164BD57C55CBBF4D5D34" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea gigas" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="348017BC02E2ECD50F23FFA88E7B4CBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Thunberg, 1793) (recently assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Magallana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magallana" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Magallana</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1700AEBE5EA644DA9F1AF50C16D7A8E" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Magallana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magallana" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="223BC9C72CECD463A45E016D0C2FAA92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Magallana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Backeljau, T" journalOrPublisher="National Shellfisheries Association Quarterly Newsletter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 3" publicationUrl="https://www.shellfish.org/newsletter" refId="B13" refString="Backeljau, T, 2018. Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A community-based scientific response. National Shellfisheries Association Quarterly Newsletter 2018 (1): 1 - 3, https://www.shellfish.org/newsletter" title="Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A community-based scientific response." url="https://www.shellfish.org/newsletter" volume="2018" year="2018">Backeljau 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F798F8F56CCF3607768498E71964D135" author="Backeljau, T" journalOrPublisher="National Shellfisheries Association Quarterly Newsletter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 3" publicationUrl="https://www.shellfish.org/newsletter" refId="B13" refString="Backeljau, T, 2018. Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A community-based scientific response. National Shellfisheries Association Quarterly Newsletter 2018 (1): 1 - 3, https://www.shellfish.org/newsletter" title="Crassostrea gigas or Magallana gigas: A community-based scientific response." url="https://www.shellfish.org/newsletter" volume="2018" year="2018">Backeljau 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) oysters in Sasuhama in May 2011 and February 2016. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4CC12165282DB0C4B13763098C1B524C" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C84532167EAA3497649AAE06053CAFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="148B3F63EC72A25FA59A09878366A224" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained in the present study match (18S: 1748/1748, 16S: 435/435 bp) that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3080DEE3259207DF705ED652A4ECCEA9" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F493E1639760DE3D5426F0B1F2943FF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from USA (KJ546254) reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3413973AA8F4F7B4A513E62C8E0B97A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 433" refId="B160" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, J-W, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039" volume="12" year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AAEA68D86A269FDFD46E3BB247E5EBE8" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore, this species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7D31C58AC80AC62C1CB38BCA22977F8E" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0A294B48AF706F20D72D11901246EB18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1768/1768, 16S: 472/472 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="596790556C7B594EF6F5E569B3DB42AB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C56E26718AAC4802D9CE21635F9E2783" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were rare, and only one 15-chaetiger larva (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="72F7D319C00EED75ABBD65D7EEDD6284" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) was collected in Sasuhama in May 2011. Another 9-chaetiger larvae, which accidentally hatched from its egg capsule in an adult tube during the process of extraction of the adult specimens (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DCBC10DB695EDB47214ED714EAA1761C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Boccardia, Boccardiella, and Dipolydora A, B Boccardia proboscidea, dorsal view of accidentally hatched 9 - chaetiger (A) and 15 - chaetiger larvae (B) C Boccardia pseudonatrix, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of accidentally hatched 10 - chaetiger larvae D-F Boccardia sp. 1, dorsal view of 9 - chaetiger (D) and dorsal (E) and ventral view (F) of 17 - chaetiger larvae G Boccardia sp. 2, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva H, I Boccardiella hamata, dorsal view of 16 - chaetiger (H) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (I) J, K Dipolydora bidentata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (J) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (K) L Dipolydora cf. commensalis, dorsal view of 21 - chaetiger larva M, N Dipolydora giardi, dorsal view of 19 - chaetiger (M) and lateral view of 21 - chaetiger larvae (N) O Dipolydora cf. socialis, dorsal view of 18 - chaetiger larva P Dipolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), was also collected on the same date.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1940" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia proboscidea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ABAC8C94E2DE267DC4BA4EB1CDC35FD" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1940" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia proboscidea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="038F97E0543B18BAE9051272B088E65F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported to have poecilogonous development (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" author="Gibson, GD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B59" refString="Gibson, GD, 1997. Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode. Invertebrate Biology 116: 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" title="Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" volume="116" year="1997">Gibson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="63CC28179629D85F8949E7418107688C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" author="Gibson, GD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B59" refString="Gibson, GD, 1997. Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode. Invertebrate Biology 116: 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" title="Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" volume="116" year="1997">Gibson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00506.x" author="Oyarzun, FX" journalOrPublisher="Evolution & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="489 - 503" refId="B135" refString="Oyarzun, FX, Mahon, AR, Swalla, BJ, Halanych, KM, 2011. Phylogeography and reproductive variation of the poecilogonous polychaete Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida: Spionidae) along the West Coast of North America. Evolution & Development 13: 489 - 503, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00506.x" title="Phylogeography and reproductive variation of the poecilogonous polychaete Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida: Spionidae) along the West Coast of North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00506.x" volume="13" year="2011">Oyarzun et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C3BED987E626340D70C47927B1159DB4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00506.x" author="Oyarzun, FX" journalOrPublisher="Evolution & Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="489 - 503" refId="B135" refString="Oyarzun, FX, Mahon, AR, Swalla, BJ, Halanych, KM, 2011. Phylogeography and reproductive variation of the poecilogonous polychaete Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida: Spionidae) along the West Coast of North America. Evolution & Development 13: 489 - 503, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00506.x" title="Phylogeography and reproductive variation of the poecilogonous polychaete Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida: Spionidae) along the West Coast of North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00506.x" volume="13" year="2011">Oyarzun et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A6540A2B9FF9DBA7513AF973AB2DF9E3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" author="Sato-Okoshi, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B181" refString="Sato-Okoshi, W, 2000. Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" title="Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 2. Non-boring species." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499002143" volume="80" year="2000">Sato-Okoshi (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported that Japanese populations only show lecithotrophic development, with no (or a very short) planktonic stage after hatching. The larval morphology of this species agrees with the description of that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F00D10267405178293A2BDC692E2DA18" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E620E2D8E2A87689E4F2B42F67B54C83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
documented in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 324" refId="B69" refString="Hartman, O, 1941. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 289 - 324" title="Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California." volume="7" year="1941">Hartman (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6C11566EC75F0C7F9DF28F36869670FD" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 324" refId="B69" refString="Hartman, O, 1941. Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 7: 289 - 324" title="Some contributions to the biology and life history of Spionidae from California." volume="7" year="1941">Hartman (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Woodwick, KH" editor="Reish, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="347 - 371" refId="B225" refString="Woodwick, KH, 1977. Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman. In: Reish, DJ, Fauchald, K, Eds., Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles: 347 - 371" title="Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman." volumeTitle="Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman." year="1977">Woodwick (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2F4981C22A34740874D32AE61C6BA7DE" author="Woodwick, KH" editor="Reish, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="347 - 371" refId="B225" refString="Woodwick, KH, 1977. Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman. In: Reish, DJ, Fauchald, K, Eds., Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles: 347 - 371" title="Lecithotrophic larval development in Boccardia proboscidea Hartman." volumeTitle="Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr Olga Hartman." year="1977">Woodwick (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="175 - 182" refId="B27" refString="Blake, JA, Kudenov, JD, 1981. Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 6: 175 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" title="Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" volume="6" year="1981">Blake and Kudenov (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="12B4DC89F77CC3EB398E272D9C727A69" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="175 - 182" refId="B27" refString="Blake, JA, Kudenov, JD, 1981. Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 6: 175 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" title="Larval development, larval nutrition and growth for two Boccardia species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Victoria, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps006175" volume="6" year="1981">Blake and Kudenov (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" author="Gibson, GD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B59" refString="Gibson, GD, 1997. Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode. Invertebrate Biology 116: 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" title="Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" volume="116" year="1997">Gibson (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7A0FCA4C966CB3604926F8C1E0D7704" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" author="Gibson, GD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B59" refString="Gibson, GD, 1997. Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode. Invertebrate Biology 116: 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" title="Variable development in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta) is linked to nurse egg production and larval trophic mode." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3226898" volume="116" year="1997">Gibson (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00149.x" author="Gibson, GD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="136 - 145" refId="B60" refString="Gibson, GD, Smith, HL, 2004. From embryos to juveniles: morphogenesis in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta). Invertebrate Biology 123: 136 - 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00149.x" title="From embryos to juveniles: morphogenesis in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00149.x" volume="123" year="2004">Gibson and Smith (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7DEF7A234ACF0939B4641DFFBBA1185C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00149.x" author="Gibson, GD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="136 - 145" refId="B60" refString="Gibson, GD, Smith, HL, 2004. From embryos to juveniles: morphogenesis in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta). Invertebrate Biology 123: 136 - 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00149.x" title="From embryos to juveniles: morphogenesis in the spionid Boccardia proboscidea (Polychaeta)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00149.x" volume="123" year="2004">Gibson and Smith (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104" author="Kamel, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Integrative and Comparative Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B93" refString="Kamel, SJ, Oyarzun, FX, Grosberg, RK, 2010. Reproductive biology, family conflict, and size of offspring in marine invertebrates. Integrative and Comparative Biology 50: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104" title="Reproductive biology, family conflict, and size of offspring in marine invertebrates." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104" volume="50" year="2010">Kamel et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9CD253A60D1905C4D865A71F75B71929" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104" author="Kamel, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Integrative and Comparative Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B93" refString="Kamel, SJ, Oyarzun, FX, Grosberg, RK, 2010. Reproductive biology, family conflict, and size of offspring in marine invertebrates. Integrative and Comparative Biology 50: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104" title="Reproductive biology, family conflict, and size of offspring in marine invertebrates." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104" volume="50" year="2010">Kamel et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv228n2p85" author="Oyarzun, FX" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 97" refId="B134" refString="Oyarzun, FX, Brante, A, 2015. A new case of poecilogony from South America and the implications of nurse eggs, capsule structure, and maternal brooding behavior on the development of different larval types. The Biological Bulletin 228: 85 - 97, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv228n2p85" title="A new case of poecilogony from South America and the implications of nurse eggs, capsule structure, and maternal brooding behavior on the development of different larval types." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv228n2p85" volume="228" year="2015">Oyarzun and Brante (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6AB4EB7C8F79443AE8132D8774B2D99F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv228n2p85" author="Oyarzun, FX" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 97" refId="B134" refString="Oyarzun, FX, Brante, A, 2015. A new case of poecilogony from South America and the implications of nurse eggs, capsule structure, and maternal brooding behavior on the development of different larval types. The Biological Bulletin 228: 85 - 97, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv228n2p85" title="A new case of poecilogony from South America and the implications of nurse eggs, capsule structure, and maternal brooding behavior on the development of different larval types." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv228n2p85" volume="228" year="2015">Oyarzun and Brante (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The dorsal pigment pattern of these larvae resembles that of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. tricuspa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricuspa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. tricuspa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5F59177D1EDF1D800AEC361F113333D" lsidName="B. tricuspa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricuspa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07C26B2C5F3CCA1FC8F9A465303F8621" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. tricuspa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hartman, 1939) described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CA3BFAE50E7917B8FADA89005A12CA8A" author="Carrasco, FD" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B40" refString="Carrasco, FD, 1976. Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile. Gayana Zoologia 38: 1 - 63" title="Larvas de la familia Spionidae (Polychaeta) en el plancton de la Bahia de Concepcion, Chile." volume="38" year="1976">Carrasco (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84779A67459DA4CB8D4663AA5998A53B" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67C0B2FDC9911B23F620190F4BAA565D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fide</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1978.39.11" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="171 - 280" refId="B26" refString="Blake, JA, Kudenov, JD, 1978. The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 39: 171 - 280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1978.39.11" title="The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1978.39.11" volume="39" year="1978">Blake and Kudenov 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1354DF9ED991C79A9CA2F8FE355E67C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fide</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AE7D0A70AA1F6750C2D692ABA3F0D2B4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1978.39.11" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="171 - 280" refId="B26" refString="Blake, JA, Kudenov, JD, 1978. The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 39: 171 - 280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1978.39.11" title="The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1978.39.11" volume="39" year="1978">Blake and Kudenov 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. natrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. natrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83D9F7F6DF9B517331B3857B2372CC8A" lsidName="B. natrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BF6F3C7579E90924788D0ACE30AB4A9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. natrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Söderström">Soederstroem</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BF6B652A9AFB8BFA930303FECD60B22C" originalValue="Söderström">Soederstroem</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1920) described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Soederstroem, A" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B204" refString="Soederstroem, A, 1920. Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae. PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" title="Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae." year="1920">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Söderström">Soederstroem</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EA908A447FA952DBE9C47033FFDAB9E7" author="Soederstroem, A" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B204" refString="Soederstroem, A, 1920. Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae. PhD thesis, Almquist & Wicksells, Uppsala" title="Studien ueber die Polychaeten familie Spionidae." year="1920">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A1C15881F73987345B19BC70B0CBEFC2" originalValue="Söderström">Soederstroem</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1920
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soderstrom" authorityYear="1920" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora natrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora natrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="133E7C05CE8DA41E285127F0BB7D9A41" authorityName="Soderstrom" authorityYear="1920" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora natrix" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="352E87086CCFC139C811DF377F47EBDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora natrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. columbiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="columbiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. columbiana</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="670A50941C0E3A6D612E9E876C8642AD" lsidName="B. columbiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="columbiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="95CA39C4D6BF079D0C8997B1EF3F6ACF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. columbiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berkeley, 1927 described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A82C9B476C80C00831BCC4CAD802C09B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 106" refId="B24" refString="Blake, JA, Arnofsky, PL, 1999. Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia 402: 57 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" title="Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003784324125" volume="402" year="1999">Blake and Arnofsky (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84A127574C2EF39430CFF049AE5B4977" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" author="Blake, JA" editor="Rouse, G" journalOrPublisher="Science Publishers, Enfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="565 - 638" refId="B22" refString="Blake, JA, 2006. Chapter 13. Spionida. In: Rouse, G, Pleijel, F, Eds., Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publishers, Enfield: 565 - 638, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" title="Chapter 13. Spionida." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482280159" volumeTitle="Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida." year="2006">Blake (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in having a single row of mid-dorsal melanophores. However, the dorsal pigment pattern of the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. tricuspa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricuspa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. tricuspa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91AD5F2A93988851F00526F7B97C81CB" lsidName="B. tricuspa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricuspa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2CB570F8C7F3D647E76901AFD81BF354" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. tricuspa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05589BCC3E28A9CDA26527EAF09B1878" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="21D26685FB3DE3BA93C25175101400CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having branching dorsal melanophores on chaetiger I and in lacking small black lateral pigment spots on chaetigers VII and VIII. The larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. natrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. natrix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BAB76AB7050DF3261E7B3A615FBD6D43" lsidName="B. natrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CFF13007704826E23EA5163B23F0E6DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. natrix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also lack small black lateral pigment spots on chaetigers VII and VIII.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berkeley" authorityYear="1927" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia columbiana" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="columbiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia columbiana</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8FAC3164E14953A3AC8DFAD6FA9F084" authorityName="Berkeley" authorityYear="1927" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Boccardia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boccardia columbiana" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="columbiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3EAA1C72C5B3359170C5634DA7177B8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boccardia columbiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has extensively branching mid-dorsal melanophores from chaetiger II onward, whereas mid-dorsal melanophores are less branching and start from chaetiger III in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B26EB77CE442789A17656A7F3F6A346D" lsidName="B. proboscidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48160D569EFA6E0FC4AAA0886B71602D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. proboscidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,55 +1,55 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="D8E6FF0DB40193ADDAB1A5E93A14DC3C">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK. & Corresponding author: i. turner @ kew. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="5718F886C4B5BBEB9405BDD82CC61F66">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK. & Corresponding author: i. turner @ kew. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F90BAC2BFD376C07AFB0AE80D4A97DF">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK. & Email: t. utteridge @ kew. org</mods:affiliation>
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I.M.Turner & Utteridge
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8G-I</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8A305CAEE0AD823878FFF9A54D128A75" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8G-I</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16CDA4AD7D3C523C5C74C5495D11DADF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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Overall body shape slender. Prostomium slightly broad and rounded anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present; median pair of eyes rounded, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Ramified melanophore between middle and lateral pair of eyes usually present (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F980B408DFBF94852C01904D7A044979" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8G, H</figureCitation>
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). Weak brown pigmentation located on lateral parts of peristomium, behind prototroch, occasionally much paler or absent. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two rows of melanophores from chaetiger III with those of first IV-VI band-shaped and subsequently replaced by ramified melanophores. These melanophores undergo expansion and contraction. Lateral pigment found on chaetigers II and III in late larvae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="FC22607FFEF17B829EAB2140E697E3E6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionid polychaetes obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (shown in Table 1) and from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank (shown in Table 2). The tree is divided into two parts A, B. The gene sequences obtained in the present study are highlighted by bold and red color and the adult and larval sequences are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 % / ≥ 0.95 / ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dorsolateral pigment at base of most parapodia, often appears to coalesce with dorsal pigment bands on anterior part of body (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D5344490950937D4A9F51E0137625657" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pygidium has a dorsal notch and lacks appendages; a pair of black pigment patches occur on pygidium. Ventral brown pigment may be present on posterior part of late larvae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EA94CDAF58E7DFDEB76916E236634EB6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Telotroch well developed. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers III, V, VII, X, XIII, and XV; those of chaetigers III and V lost in late larvae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DD97F92A714F911EDF732C59D7B6E14" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of the genus Polydora A, B Polydora brevipalpa, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger (A) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Polydora cornuta, dorsolateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva (C) and ventral view of 17 - chaetiger larva (D) E Polydora cf. glycymerica, dorsal view of 25 - chaetiger larva F Polydora hoplura, dorsal view of 15 - chaetiger larva G-I Polydora onagawaensis, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (G) and 18 - chaetiger larvae (H), and lateral view of 16 - chaetiger larva (I) J Polydora cf. spongicola, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger larva K, L Polydora sp. 1, dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger (K) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (L) M Polydora sp. 2, dorsal view of 23 - chaetiger larva N-P Polydora sp. 3, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger (N) and dorsal (O) and lateral view (P) of 18 - chaetiger larvae. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In late larvae, modified chaetae develop in chaetiger V.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="155A0F8210820F9ECDDDDAD62BD3167B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3E65E3D42642CEBC38B25E1D13F88A47" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="915301849102C86A80E8F516A52066F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
This species is a shell-borer, and adult individuals were collected from shells of the wild turban snail
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. rusticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rusticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. rusticus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AAC82348C7EC78AA19FA02175FE97EE0" lsidName="O. rusticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rusticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CF8BF03EC47363AE5F86AFA627691175" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. rusticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, cultured scallop
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. yessoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC4F186A6DFADDB26B11D510C8774E3A" lsidName="M. yessoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yessoensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D02E2634940F4FCC9410765356F29FEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. yessoensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and wild and cultured
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="497CCE83561F946F0419088A718F423C" lsidName="C. gigas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="72E9B4580AE604CD949690991069904B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gigas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
oysters in Onagawa Bay and Sasuhama, northeastern Japan. This species was identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. onagawaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="onagawaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. onagawaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="661242F2AF0C4EDC161B2CEA2DF1D9E2" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. onagawaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="onagawaensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81BF0CC5B6142B579FAB15543846BC73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. onagawaensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as adult morphology agrees with the description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00485" author="Teramoto, W" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 45" refId="B212" refString="Teramoto, W, Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, Nishitani, G, Endo, Y, 2013. Morphology, 18S rRNA gene sequence, and life history of a new Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. Aquatic Biology 18: 31 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00485" title="Morphology, 18 S rRNA gene sequence, and life history of a new Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00485" volume="18" year="2013">Teramoto et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6FD556586F3273A7A65794101323DAAF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00485" author="Teramoto, W" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 45" refId="B212" refString="Teramoto, W, Sato-Okoshi, W, Abe, H, Nishitani, G, Endo, Y, 2013. Morphology, 18S rRNA gene sequence, and life history of a new Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. Aquatic Biology 18: 31 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00485" title="Morphology, 18 S rRNA gene sequence, and life history of a new Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00485" volume="18" year="2013">Teramoto et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1771/1771, 16S: 472/473 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5B91D49BA84D79C630582C183C43CB1D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED2BC72B2B2B1B7441369243B07AF038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species were abundant from November to June in Onagawa Bay during the study period. The larval morphology of this species is similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="28C02B2B45AFCCE28605F9AA2AB49830" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C152E01B932293A3E9994BBB7EAEDC26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 3 (see below). However, the former species has weak brown pigmentation on the lateral parts of the peristomium, whereas the latter species has large patches of black pigment on this region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,163 +1,163 @@
|
|||
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<mods:number>1015</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A3DEBF1ED427F58641952018168CDD5E">1015</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA54BA8BCB075708868FB9FD99EC11C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA54BA8BCB075708868FB9FD99EC11C7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EA54BA8B-CB07-5708-868F-B9FD99EC11C7" authority="Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora achaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<treatment id="EA54BA8BCB075708868FB9FD99EC11C7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA54BA8BCB075708868FB9FD99EC11C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA54BA8BCB075708868FB9FD99EC11C7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Spioninae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6328205A7FD448601E1A954F02AE5E93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD55A3095D17A3C77B7DA35FC2D48336" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9E12FF95DD5327F86236708E14CB7E0" ID-CoL="6WH27" LSID="EA54BA8B-CB07-5708-868F-B9FD99EC11C7" authority="Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora achaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5F92A5B3E73C4D8CA11A71CFFF7BDB96" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<subSubSection id="5A19E895D2050A1F2E2BFEBC66CEA663" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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||||
<paragraph id="C48F1082340857A1806BFD777AFD8EE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="26874E27D1BB6165EF42602E46C2592D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Overall body shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present in more or less a straight line, most lateral pairs double eyes. Mid-dorsal melanophore on first chaetiger present. Dorsal pigmentation consists of two pairs of lateral and central rows of melanophores. Lateral ones dot-like, beginning on chaetiger II. Central ones shaped like
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tilted-wheels”">"tilted-wheels"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9D9E02DF55ABF0A32F3EB19ABEB9FBD8" originalValue="“tilted-wheels”">"tilted-wheels"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(inverted v-shape) begin on chaetiger III. A central pair of dorsal pigment patches gradually become dot-like on posterior chaetiger. Weak mid-dorsal pigments occur from chaetiger VI. Two medial black pigmentation areas occasionally present ventrally, on approximately chaetiger VI and anterior margin of pygidium. Anterior and posterior margin of prostomium have considerable brown pigment. Black pigment spots occur on sides of prostomium and peristomium. Pygidium has a central black pigment spot. Gastrotrochs on chaetiger III, V, VII, and XII in 13-chaetiger larvae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F10">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="F650FA5DC94518864A696466DBE8C587" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7FDD04416DE76FC35259D00D00AC77EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4CE5618CEFF863E3C80EED7A57BBDB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A90C7B43644069F447F18BC574925810" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7CC8C680808702D68AA13E2E4BEC96FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1DA72483ADAE395E5E65802A1D4738FB" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA340FED88EB72C73AC42999AC526A36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora achaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D1D0C86B07FC05503E474D22ED73E92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D463007EE30285B8CD7AC836870D1425" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora achaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 12-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="166DEFB1F27DD40AA0271100C55F230D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 25-chetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="169EDCD911A05F0FCD4FE977C34F1021" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora kempi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">Pseudopolydora cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="20FCABCF50BEFEF0F8076231254FA133" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8B36B6A9F6368A431A4C0D925FBB445" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora kempi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">Pseudopolydora cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsolateral view of 12-chetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Okuda" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A695A3B75F0A81F5D59C4EBF92F5775" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86AD5329952A9AEF1879C9B8D205F6B2" baseAuthorityName="Okuda" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucibranchiata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="902D9C91EFB5AA1B222E2261DF3B4CF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 13-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7DBC5891AD21B526C5090D833CC2455F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="790F43FE5C422E740C91DCF93D2FBC91" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 17-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7CC4468EB1460B5D59BF9D4FF0CBE8EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 16-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="20700A9F4A38265338FF9786B08399E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe" authorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora tsubaki" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="72711090F0E7782237F6E23BDF19F17D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7A2A054A2D690C14B95B7D7F44DE43A" authorityName="Simon, Sato-Okoshi & Abe" authorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora tsubaki" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsubaki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="73C2A4F9B6EF854ED49AE35F2280169A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora tsubaki</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, dorsal view of 5-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="396AA9CB4D931C513DFD32C8AA0653F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 11-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="02C241852390E6DE1DA05BA12C776D79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="348F31350F8957E9D1D7A3B5DD294C43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F685FC37D61B743AB1B187558F87A27B" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FDF5119F2BA0A16E248828A2C67AD084" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp., dorsal view of 7-chaetiger larva
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1270B46A777F331093EFB47B90FB97F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="53EE1D944A85317A5E21B0DD0B270495" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="438FEC21B1665293EABB1ACC0EAE5893" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 1, dorsal view of 8-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="927990F5EF7F5DCCA4A41CF5FE15226A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||||
) and lateral view of 12-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB77057FC4B633F5F7E045412B5E87B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L-N</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F881F3164FC2EE48C300CBE71F86A87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L-N</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="145C49E3055D75AF725F4E56CAF2EC9A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1785" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spio" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="37E5B17442578925B1DB141B3B910A9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. 2, dorsal view of 10-chaetiger (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="448685D54A35E1FA0225DF86EBFCC9E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||||
) and 17-chaetiger larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D41EA26B6BBD7F7E9BDCA699F4ACA1D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||||
), and 17-chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A1FF6D872849383993F132C15D8BCD7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
). Scale bars: 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A8C3948E0673813ED0D38D1DBA1ED3BA" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7A83A0EAF8922651409EC58B4768C093" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="00B5164368C450462394278DAF1DD605" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="68E0843E054E9AFA397874E6CC88BF6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy bottom sediments at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in December 2010 and September and December 2011 by using a Smith-McIntyre or Ekman-Birge grab sampler. Adult morphology agrees with the descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. achaeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A30508500FB7E806CC388501F34DE9FB" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. achaeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3EA351585CA3921D1884E846251D7D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Radashevsky and Hsieh (2000) and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="38CCC17B825090405B0BF40BCBA31A7F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 11.5% (35/304 bp) difference with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. achaeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D9F317F2CBCFB9DF435F08F32AF3042" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. achaeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13A4E0C84CCDD8957F162BC8773CC546" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Taiwan (country of type locality), which indicate that these two are different species. Therefore, this species is referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. achaeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">P. aff. achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="17EC34EF755E58FAA7E4E14CF3B2BABF" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. achaeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">P. aff. achaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F9A3826E4371E68E2A8FAB4FE1C53703" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E4BC48EC1D88B6A2A487E9AC3E16E6CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Planktonic larvae of this species with more than 3-chaetiger stages were abundant in Onagawa Bay during July to November (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B3" refString="Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, Nishitani, G, Endo, Y, 2014. Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" title="Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" volume="71" year="2014">Abe et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="87B946B859F05023883F8008F791C860" DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B3" refString="Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, Nishitani, G, Endo, Y, 2014. Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" title="Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.01" volume="71" year="2014">Abe et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). A dorsal pigmentation area shaped like "tilted wheels" is a unique characteristic of this species among the known
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FD22D3EC4A1F52085F3934A09E0D437" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="CCDA94D072C03922C9F976B9599E1BD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
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@ -1,84 +1,84 @@
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5E-G</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="EBD5ACCC440D5B40850CF2A1A775CBA1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EBD5ACCC440D5B40850CF2A1A775CBA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBD5ACCC440D5B40850CF2A1A775CBA1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Spionidae" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subFamily="Nerininae">
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<subSubSection id="C1B7AD4B493267DED84142CE9248DEF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8D6C2027CF02FFC3216C40B86EB1830D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B7485699EBD6F2B2ABAF8C581DCFB9B9" ID-CoL="4MGB4" LSID="EBD5ACCC-440D-5B40-850C-F2A1A775CBA1" authority="Imajima, 1990" authorityName="Imajima" authorityYear="1990" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionospio membranacea" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="membranacea">Prionospio membranacea Imajima, 1990</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="EF4AF0F507D608F565E60ED8633197F6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5E-G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<subSubSection id="7B77916546BC21A3F0A4D7B7493024EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
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<paragraph id="A0C1C33356C558FF0191033240257F1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="288A118F9DC57349B9A886962F144885" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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Long and thin in shape. Prostomium rounded anteriorly, lateral parts of peristomium not especially well demarcated. Two pairs of red or dark red eyes arranged somewhat in trapezoidal shape, lateral pair kidney-shaped and situated anteriorly. Small caruncle develop in late larvae, extends posteriorly from posterior part of prostomium (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="289976FE9B3DAB39F72A623559B348A3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In late larvae branchial anlages occur from chaetiger II, pygidium acquires anal cirri (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3A24A010DCE5AAFF7C04AD72068136AE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Palps not yet developed in 15- and 20-chaetiger larva (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5E, F</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="DA0F85F2AB8A9AA5EF7EDF010D17BBE6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) but developed in 24-chaetiger larva (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="3B59760AC9588FD94AE438A0DD6068DB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Paraprionospio and Prionospio A, B Paraprionospio coora, lateral view of 25 - chaetiger (A) and 33 - chaetiger larvae (B) C, D Prionospio krusadensis, lateral view of 17 - chaetiger larvae E-G Prionospio membranacea, lateral view of 15 - chaetiger (E), 20 - chaetiger (F), and 24 - chaetiger larvae (G) H, Prionospio sp. 1, lateral view of 11 - chaetiger larva I Prionospio sp. 2, lateral view of 19 - chaetiger larva. Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pigmentation absent except eyes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2C174222E3F05B72CC0C080C2DCECD33" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AC7482F18DD7294A3BE740F783A39DA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7E898CF4AC2AA72E3284CE3635ECD810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy bottom sediments at 22 m depth in Onagawa Bay in December 2011 by using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler. The species was referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. membranacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. membranacea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE794F2D913748B036BE3B477C09318B" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. membranacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="451AF5DF469E70100537DA7C60C721F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. membranacea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the adult morphology agrees with the descriptions of this species by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 140" refId="B81" refString="Imajima, M, 1990b. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan IV. The genus Prionospio (Prionospio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 16: 105 - 140" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan IV. The genus Prionospio (Prionospio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="16" year="1990 b">Imajima (1990b)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE23BCF16E69AB73C47C191DFDF4C3B5" author="Imajima, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 140" refId="B81" refString="Imajima, M, 1990b. Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan IV. The genus Prionospio (Prionospio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A. Zoology 16: 105 - 140" title="Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan IV. The genus Prionospio (Prionospio). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A." volume="16" year="1990 b">Imajima (1990b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The larvae and adults were confirmed to match (18S: 1752/1752 and 1747/1750 except for gaps, 16S: 502/505 bp) using molecular data (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5A0FE1F67144BCCDC76A88357DC061DD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Planktonic larvae of this species were found in Onagawa Bay during August to October.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,48 +1,50 @@
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@ -81,7 +83,7 @@
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FFF74C54FF573F19D435E105" box="[189,334,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Usia glauca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FFF74C54FEBD3F18D736E105" author="Evenhuis N. L." box="[343,589,512,538]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="103 - 104" refId="ref74255" refString="Evenhuis N. L. 1978 Homonymy notes in the Bombyliidae (Diptera) II. Entomological News 89: 103 - 104." type="journal article" year="1978">Evenhuis, 1978: 103</bibRefCitation>
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Loading…
Reference in a new issue