275 lines
60 KiB
XML
275 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="00CD1B4C500E42B2A90D3606E23D4036" ID-DOI="10.1186/s13358-023-00296-0" ID-ISSN="1664-2384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12003174" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1718654193459" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="El-Desouky, Heba, Herbig, Hans-Georg & Kora, Mahmoud" docDate="2023" docId="493869167F11FFF2FC91FC53FB0DFE48" docLanguage="en" docName="SwissJPalaeontol.142.32.pdf" docOrigin="Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (32) 142 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00296-0" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DBDC680DC95E08776BDF6354C30A315B.1:SwissJPalaeontol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DBDC680DC95E08776BDF6354C30A315B" docStyleName="SwissJPalaeontol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Actinophrentis crassithecata El-Desouky & Herbig & Kora 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="B501116E7F19FFF8FFBCFFFFFFE2FF8B" masterDocTitle="Kasimovian (late Pennsylvanian) cornute rugose corals from Egypt: taxonomy, facies and palaeogeography of a cool-water fauna from northern Gondwana" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1721391550094" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B381359DC1565D62A4CFF8222EAECF6C">Kasimovian (late Pennsylvanian) cornute rugose corals from Egypt: taxonomy, facies and palaeogeography of a cool-water fauna from northern Gondwana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBFE276C2D847A1A1695F29D4CC21718">El-Desouky, Heba</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF57CC157D614763747FCE8DAFCE13B7">Herbig, Hans-Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28B0C2B1EC0D8C8B482AE36CF560877E">Kora, Mahmoud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CFD29B0DB1CF84FA18308BA7EA0E5EB9">Swiss Journal of Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B050650A0B51702E45DBE1A823046A32">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="46200923954661FAC01956334FC8E6DC">2023-11-27</mods:number>
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<heading id="9A666F6C7F11FFF0FC91FC53FB5AFC4F" bold="true" box="[813,1208,940,965]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F11FFF0FC91FC53FB94FC4F" authority="El-Desouky & Herbig & Kora, 2023" authorityName="El-Desouky & Herbig & Kora" authorityYear="2023" box="[813,1142,940,964]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauriida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassithecata" status="sp. nov.">Actinophrentis crassithecata</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8D6B9697F11FFF0FBC0FC52FB5AFC4F" box="[1148,1208,941,965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FBC0FC52FB50FC4E" bold="true" box="[1148,1202,941,965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sp</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F11FFF0FC91FC33FC5CFBCF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91FC33FBFFFC6E" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" box="[813,1053,972,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FC88FC33FC64FC6F" box="[820,902,972,996]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FC3AFC33FC56FC6F" box="[902,948,972,996]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1–A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FC08FC33FC23FC6F" box="[948,961,972,996]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[167,198,1874,1894]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-436@6.[166,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5 Internal morphological characters of the non-dissepimented rugose corals referred to in the systematic descriptions, after Denayer and Hoşgör (2014). A Transverse section. B Longitudinal section" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
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, B
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FC61FC32FBE5FC6E" box="[989,1031,973,997]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1–B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FBBBFC32FBF7FC6E" box="[1031,1045,973,997]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91FC13FC5CFBCF" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91FC13FBDCFB8E" bold="true" box="[813,1086,1004,1029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Derivation of the name:</emphasis>
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From the Latin crassus—means thick, theca—F cover—after the great thickness of the external wall.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F11FFF0FC91FBB2FA7AF92E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91FBB2FAEBFB0F" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<materialsCitation id="71F9D25D7F11FFF0FC91FBB2FAEBFB0F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="RAh 57" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91FBB2FC7DFBEE" bold="true" box="[813,927,1101,1125]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F11FFF0FC91FBB2FC79FBEE" box="[813,923,1101,1125]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="D79713897F11FFF0FC1AFBB3FBF3FBEF" box="[934,1041,1100,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">Specimen</specimenCount>
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<specimenCode id="9137707B7F11FFF0FBA5FBB3FB8CFBEF" box="[1049,1134,1100,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">RAh 57</specimenCode>
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, illustrated in
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FAB7FBB3FABEFBEE" box="[1291,1372,1100,1125]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FAE1FBB2FA68FBEE" box="[1373,1418,1101,1125]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1–A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FA36FBB2FA7AFBEE" box="[1418,1432,1101,1125]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[167,198,1402,1422]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,240,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-124@5.[166,1421,236,1389]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4 Effects of diagenesis on some coral specimens: A Thin-section in the calice of the specimen RAh (44) shows a completely compressed calice filled with fossiliferous mud. B Thin-section below the calice of the Bothrophyllum okense (RAh 37) shows beginning of compression and breakage of septa. C Thin-section below the calice of the specimen RAh (79), shows completely broken and altered septa, probable outer dissepimentarium and axial structure, filled with ferruginous mud. D Thin-section of a completely compressed specimen RAh (200) shows high alteration,breakage and ferrugination of skeletal elements.E Thin-section in the early mature part of the Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.(RAh 11), shows ferrugination affects a large part of the interior skeleton. F Mature thin-section of Rotiphyllum exile (RAh 29), shows ferrugination and dolomitization of skeletal elements.G, H Thin-sections of mature part of the specimen (RAh 81) in G and the immature part of the specimen RAh (99) in H show extensive dolomitization and ferrugination of the internal skeletal elements" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003222/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</figureCitation>
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. Three transverse thin-sections are available.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91FB73FAFCFA6E" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91FB73FC75FB2F" bold="true" box="[813,919,1164,1188]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material:</emphasis>
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In addition to the
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<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F11FFF0FBDBFB73FB2BFB2F" box="[1127,1225,1164,1188]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, two moderately to badly preserved corallites (RAh 11 and RAh 42) are
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<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F11FFF0FADFFB52FC8BFB6E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, with 11 transverse thin-sections. Although looking good preserved in their external form, keeping a good preserved outer epitheca with septal furrows and concentric growth lines (
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FBAAFAD2FB85FACE" box="[1046,1127,1325,1349]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FBDBFAD2FB93FACE" box="[1127,1137,1325,1349]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</figureCitation>
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, B
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<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FB32FAD2FB7EFACE" box="[1166,1180,1325,1349]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
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), serial thin-sections of the specimens (RAh11, 42) are not suitable for illustrations as they suffer from either compaction or ferrugination (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F11FFF0FC25FA72FC04FA2E" box="[921,998,1421,1445]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[167,198,1402,1422]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,240,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-124@5.[166,1421,236,1389]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4 Effects of diagenesis on some coral specimens: A Thin-section in the calice of the specimen RAh (44) shows a completely compressed calice filled with fossiliferous mud. B Thin-section below the calice of the Bothrophyllum okense (RAh 37) shows beginning of compression and breakage of septa. C Thin-section below the calice of the specimen RAh (79), shows completely broken and altered septa, probable outer dissepimentarium and axial structure, filled with ferruginous mud. D Thin-section of a completely compressed specimen RAh (200) shows high alteration,breakage and ferrugination of skeletal elements.E Thin-section in the early mature part of the Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.(RAh 11), shows ferrugination affects a large part of the interior skeleton. F Mature thin-section of Rotiphyllum exile (RAh 29), shows ferrugination and dolomitization of skeletal elements.G, H Thin-sections of mature part of the specimen (RAh 81) in G and the immature part of the specimen RAh (99) in H show extensive dolomitization and ferrugination of the internal skeletal elements" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003222/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
), The proximal ends of the corallites are largely eroded. They are collected from the basal shales of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91FA12FC91F9EE" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91FA12FC2EF98F" bold="true" box="[813,972,1516,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="71F9D25D7F11FFF0FC68FA12FC8DF9EE" country="Egypt" county="Gulf" latitude="29.4725" location="Northern Galala" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="32.460556" municipality="northern Eastern Desert" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="As Suways">
|
||
Eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala plateau (Lat. 29° 28
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC61F9F4FC0AF9AF" box="[989,1000,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">′</emphasis>
|
||
21
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FBB5F9F4FBFBF9AF" box="[1033,1049,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">″</emphasis>
|
||
N and Long. 32° 27
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FB4CF9F4FB19F9AF" box="[1264,1275,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">′</emphasis>
|
||
38
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FAA7F9F4FAC9F9AF" box="[1307,1323,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">″</emphasis>
|
||
E), northern Eastern Desert, western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91F992FA7AF92E" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91F992FC32F90F" bold="true" box="[813,976,1644,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type horizon:</emphasis>
|
||
Basal shales of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation; Upper Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F11FFF0FC91F953FB19F8CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF0FC91F953FB19F8CE" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91F953FC44F94F" bold="true" box="[813,934,1708,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F11FFF0FC10F952FBA9F94E" authorityName="Ivanovski" authorityYear="1967" box="[940,1099,1709,1733]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC10F952FBA9F94E" box="[940,1099,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Actinophrentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with thick external wall (about 1.5 mm thick), having maximum n:d ratio at calice floor 24:11. Major septa are pinnately arranged.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F11FFF0FAB4F913FA84F88F" box="[1288,1382,1772,1796]" genus="Cardinal" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cardinal</taxonomicName>
|
||
septum shortened with maturity. Counter septum elongated from the immature stage up to calice floor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F11FFF2FC91F8B3FF34FA48" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F11FFF1FC91F8B3FAAAF808" blockId="8.[813,1437,972,1925]" lastBlockId="9.[813,1436,1835,1923]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F11FFF0FC91F8B3FC5FF8EF" bold="true" box="[813,957,1868,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
External characters: Corallites only faintly conical (see minimal increasing n:d ratios below) and slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F10FFF1FEF3F8D4FE45F8C8" box="[335,423,1835,1859]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F10FFF1FE1BF8D4FE1CF8C8" box="[423,510,1835,1859]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1, B1–B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F10FFF1FE43F8D4FDEFF8C8" box="[511,525,1835,1859]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The preserved parts are 2–2.5 cm long. Calices are deep. If preserved, they are compressed due to compaction. Apexes are not preserved. The thick external wall (1.5 mm-thick) bears distinct furrows of major and minor septa. The latter could only be detected inside the calyx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F10FFF1FB62F894FAD0F808" box="[1246,1330,1899,1923]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F10FFF1FA8DF894FAD9F808" box="[1329,1339,1899,1923]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="95EE88887F10FFF1FF1BFA0FFB15F951" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" targetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F10FFF1FF1BFA0FFB15F951" blockId="9.[167,1420,1520,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FF1BFA0FFF10F98F" bold="true" box="[167,242,1520,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6 A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F10FFF1FF4BFA0FFE3EF98F" authority="El-Desouky & Herbig & Kora, 2023" authorityName="El-Desouky & Herbig & Kora" authorityYear="2023" box="[247,476,1520,1540]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassithecata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FF4BFA0FFE3EF98F" box="[247,476,1520,1540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Actinophrentis crassithecata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8D6B9697F10FFF1FE5DFA0FFDEDF98F" box="[481,527,1520,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: (Holotype specimen RAh (57).
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FCA9FA0FFCCDF98F" bold="true" box="[789,815,1520,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A1</emphasis>
|
||
External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FC3CF9F4FC7BF994" bold="true" box="[896,921,1547,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A2</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FC0FF9D9FC2EF9B1" bold="true" box="[947,972,1574,1594]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A3</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FC2FF9BFFC4EF9DF" bold="true" box="[915,940,1600,1620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A4</emphasis>
|
||
Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FD86F9A4FDB1F9E4" bold="true" box="[570,595,1627,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A5</emphasis>
|
||
Details of the external wall of
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FCEFF9A4FC89F9E4" bold="true" box="[851,875,1627,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FCC8F9A4FC4FF9E4" bold="true" box="[884,941,1627,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B1, B2</emphasis>
|
||
External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FB8AF989FBA1F901" bold="true" box="[1078,1091,1654,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F10FFF1FBFBF989FEA2F92F" authority="Fedorowski and Bamber, 2001" authorityName="Fedorowski and Bamber" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Lytvolasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="canadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FBFBF989FB46F901" box="[1095,1188,1654,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lytvolasma</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FB7CF989FAFAF901" box="[1216,1304,1654,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">canadense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A500A5F17F10FFF1FAA1F989FEA2F92F" author="Fedorowski, J. & Bamber, E. W." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="31 - 79" refId="ref25898" refString="Fedorowski, J., & Bamber, E. W. (2001). Guadalupian (Middle Permian) solitary rugose corals from the Degerbols and Trold Fiord formations, Ellesmere and Melville islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Acta Geologica Polonica, 51 (1), 31 - 79." type="journal article" year="2001">Fedorowski and Bamber,2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen RAh (66).
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FE4CF96FFDC8F92F" bold="true" box="[496,554,1680,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C1, C2</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end.
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FDC4F954FD72F934" bold="true" box="[632,656,1707,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C3</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F10FFF1FF59F939FEC0F951" bold="true" box="[229,290,1734,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A2–A5</emphasis>
|
||
: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F13FFF2FF11FF14FF34FA48" blockId="10.[151,776,235,1923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Internal characters (transverse sections): the ontogenetically earliest preserved part has a n:d ratio of 22:
|
||
<quantity id="066975E57F13FFF2FF0BFED4FF1BFEC8" box="[183,249,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FEB4FED4FEB9FEC8" box="[264,347,299,323]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FEE7FED4FE8BFEC8" box="[347,361,299,323]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Major septa are pinnately arranged.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FF2BFEB4FF17FEE8" box="[151,245,331,355]" genus="Cardinal" pageId="10" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cardinal</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossula is distinguishable. Alar fossulae are also distinct, they are marked by the underdeveloped last pair of major septa in the counter quadrants. All septa meet in the corallite axis. The cardinal septum is thinner than the other major septa, whereas the counter is slightly thicker. External wall about 1.5 mm thick and internally enforced by steroplasmatic layer in the most external septal loculi. The mature morphology seen in the next transverse section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FF6DFDB4FEC1FDE8" box="[209,291,587,611]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FE9FFDB4FECDFDE8" box="[291,303,587,611]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[167,198,1651,1671]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,236,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[166,1421,236,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 Field aspects of the Aheimer Formation; A General view of the studied succession of the lower member exposed in a faulted block to the north of Porto Sukhna; the shales mudstones close to the base (rectangle) are interbedded with thin, hard dolomitic bands. B Close up view on of the lower fossiliferous shale mudstone beds of A. C, D Close-up view on of two rugose corals entombed in the shale mudstone beds.E Close-up view on of a rugose coral species with diagenetically compressed calyx. Note strong ferrugination of corallite and surrounding matrix within the fossiliferous shale. F Fossiliferous shales mudstone with thin bands of ferruginous dolomitic limestone and secondary evaporite veinlets; Cr = crinoidal stems. G Crinoid columnals (Cr) and rugose corals (RC) are embedded in the shale mudstone. H Close-up view on of a spiriferid valve shell within the shale (arrow). Diameter of coins in C–E, G: 25 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003198/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) is characterised by a pinnate arrangement of long major septa with n:d ratio of 24:8. Major septa are conspicuously acutely thickened in their peripheries and wedge-like rooted in the thick external wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FF23FD34FF11FD68" box="[159,243,715,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FF4FFD34FEE2FD68" box="[243,256,715,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[167,198,1874,1894]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-436@6.[166,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5 Internal morphological characters of the non-dissepimented rugose corals referred to in the systematic descriptions, after Denayer and Hoşgör (2014). A Transverse section. B Longitudinal section" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003232/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
|
||
); they are also slightly thickened to contiguity in their inner ends.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FEC0FD14FE38FC88" box="[380,474,747,771]" genus="Cardinal" pageId="10" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cardinal</taxonomicName>
|
||
septum shortens, whereas the counter is the longest. Pericardinal septa are as short as the cardinal. The cardinal fossula extends to the corallite axis, where it moderately widens. Alar septa are long and meet with the axial end of the long counter septum in the axis. The alar fossulae are still well-marked. Minor septa are absent. Peripheral interseptal loculi are filled by stereoplasma, thus apparently increasing the prominent, about 1.8 mm thick external wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FDA8FC14FD8AFB88" box="[532,616,1003,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FDD4FC14FD97FB88" box="[616,629,1003,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[167,198,1874,1894]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-436@6.[166,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5 Internal morphological characters of the non-dissepimented rugose corals referred to in the systematic descriptions, after Denayer and Hoşgör (2014). A Transverse section. B Longitudinal section" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003232/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). One row of axially updomed tabulae well-developed in peripheral interseptal loculi of right cardinal and counter quadrant. Opposed, strongly horseshoe-arched, isolated and small peripheral, convex tabulae (i.e., inclined towards the external wall) are mostly confined to the left cardinal and counter quadrants. The last mature section below the calice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FEB2FB34FEBDFB68" box="[270,351,1227,1251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FEE3FB34FE8EFB68" box="[351,364,1227,1251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[167,198,1402,1422]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,240,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-124@5.[166,1421,236,1389]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4 Effects of diagenesis on some coral specimens: A Thin-section in the calice of the specimen RAh (44) shows a completely compressed calice filled with fossiliferous mud. B Thin-section below the calice of the Bothrophyllum okense (RAh 37) shows beginning of compression and breakage of septa. C Thin-section below the calice of the specimen RAh (79), shows completely broken and altered septa, probable outer dissepimentarium and axial structure, filled with ferruginous mud. D Thin-section of a completely compressed specimen RAh (200) shows high alteration,breakage and ferrugination of skeletal elements.E Thin-section in the early mature part of the Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.(RAh 11), shows ferrugination affects a large part of the interior skeleton. F Mature thin-section of Rotiphyllum exile (RAh 29), shows ferrugination and dolomitization of skeletal elements.G, H Thin-sections of mature part of the specimen (RAh 81) in G and the immature part of the specimen RAh (99) in H show extensive dolomitization and ferrugination of the internal skeletal elements" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003222/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a n:d ratio of 24:11. Major septa are withdrawn from the corallite axis, leaving a free axial area, invaded by the distinctly elongated counter septum.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FF2BFAD4FF17FAC8" box="[151,245,1323,1347]" genus="Cardinal" pageId="10" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cardinal</taxonomicName>
|
||
septum strongly shortened. Minor septa are absent. No tabulae are visible except for one in right alar fossula. Like in previous cross section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FD80FA94FD6FFA08" box="[572,653,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F13FFF2FD31FA94FD7BFA08" box="[653,665,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[167,198,1651,1671]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,236,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[166,1421,236,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 Field aspects of the Aheimer Formation; A General view of the studied succession of the lower member exposed in a faulted block to the north of Porto Sukhna; the shales mudstones close to the base (rectangle) are interbedded with thin, hard dolomitic bands. B Close up view on of the lower fossiliferous shale mudstone beds of A. C, D Close-up view on of two rugose corals entombed in the shale mudstone beds.E Close-up view on of a rugose coral species with diagenetically compressed calyx. Note strong ferrugination of corallite and surrounding matrix within the fossiliferous shale. F Fossiliferous shales mudstone with thin bands of ferruginous dolomitic limestone and secondary evaporite veinlets; Cr = crinoidal stems. G Crinoid columnals (Cr) and rugose corals (RC) are embedded in the shale mudstone. H Close-up view on of a spiriferid valve shell within the shale (arrow). Diameter of coins in C–E, G: 25 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003198/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) septa are wedge-like thickened in external wall, which is 1.9 mm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F13FFF2FF2BFA34FB0DFE48" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F13FFF2FF2BFA34FB0DFE48" blockId="10.[151,776,235,1923]" lastBlockId="10.[813,1437,235,451]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FF2BFA34FEFFFA68" bold="true" box="[151,285,1483,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FE99FA34FCE4FA68" authority="Fedorowski, 1987" authorityName="Fedorowski" authorityYear="1987" box="[293,774,1483,1507]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="columnare">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FE99FA34FDDDFA68" box="[293,575,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Actinophrentis columnare</emphasis>
|
||
Fedorowski, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of similar size with n:d ratios ranging from 20:
|
||
<quantity id="066975E57F13FFF2FD65FA14FCE5F988" box="[729,775,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F13FFF2FF78F9F4FEC6F9A8" box="[196,292,1547,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to 24:
|
||
<quantity id="066975E57F13FFF2FED2F9F4FE4BF9A8" box="[366,425,1547,1571]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
the largest
|
||
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F13FFF2FD8DF9F3FD71F9AF" box="[561,659,1548,1572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, in contrast, it has a remarkable thick counter septum at maturity forming a weak columella in the calice. In the studied species the counter septum thins with maturity and/or has the same thickness as the other major septa or is only slightly thicker. Its wall is conspicuously thicker than the wall of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FE38F934FDF8F968" authorityName="Fedorowski" authorityYear="1987" box="[388,538,1739,1763]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="columnare">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FE38F934FDF8F968" box="[388,538,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. columnare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The current species differs from the smaller
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FE04F914FEB7F8A8" authority="Fedorowski, 1987" authorityName="Fedorowski" authorityYear="1987" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bonespringense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FE04F914FCE5F888" box="[440,775,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Actinophrentis bonespringense</emphasis>
|
||
Fedorowski,
|
||
<quantity id="066975E57F13FFF2FE9DF8F4FE93F8A8" box="[289,369,1803,1827]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04698" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="1987.0">1987 in</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the wall thickness and n:d ratios. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FF2BF8D4FEBFF8C9" box="[151,349,1835,1859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FF2BF8D4FED4F8C8" box="[151,310,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Actinophrentis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A500A5F17F13FFF2FED7F8D4FDCEF8C8" author="Fedorowski, J." box="[363,556,1835,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="71 - 311" refId="ref25622" refString="Fedorowski, J. (2004). Considerations on most Rugosa and the Dividocorallia from de Groot's (1963) collection. Scripta Geologica, 127, 71 - 311." type="journal article" year="2004">Fedorowski, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), previously named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FF2BF8B4FD8EF8E8" authority="de Groot, 1963" authorityName="de Groot" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,620,1867,1891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Zaphrentites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paralleloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FF2BF8B4FE55F8E8" box="[151,439,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zaphrentites paralleloides</emphasis>
|
||
de Groot, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the radial arrangement of the major septa that extends from the earliest growth stages up to the calice, vs. the pinnate arrangement in the current species. Diameter and the number of septa in the Spanish species are much smaller. In addition, the type species of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F13FFF2FABFFEB4FC34FE08" authority="Fomichev, 1953" authorityName="Fomichev" authorityYear="1953" class="Anthozoa" family="Antiphyllidae" genus="Actinophrentis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="donetziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E504127F13FFF2FABFFEB4FA7EFEE8" box="[1283,1436,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. donetziana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A500A5F17F13FFF2FC91FE94FC34FE08" author="Fomichev, V." box="[813,982,363,387]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref26079" refString="Fomichev, V. (1953). Rugose corals and stratigraphy of Middle and Upper Carboniferous and Middle Permian deposits of the Donets Basin. GeoI. Inst. (VESEGEI), 622 pp." type="book" year="1953">Fomichev, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be smaller with a higher number of septa (n:d = 23:8.5); its wall is conspicuously thinner (based on fig. 203, 7a, b in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A500A5F17F13FFF2FBC4FE54FB03FE48" author="Hill, D." box="[1144,1249,427,451]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref26465" refString="Hill, D. (1981). Supplement 1, Rugosa and Tabulata. In C. Teichert (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part F, Coelenterata, F 1 - F 762. Boulder / Colorado and Lawrence / Kansas. (Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press)." type="journal volume" year="1981">Hill, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |