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<document id="CE91455CB64F500250122920A63F3ECB" ID-DOI="10.1186/s13358-023-00296-0" ID-ISSN="1664-2384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12003174" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1718654193459" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="El-Desouky, Heba, Herbig, Hans-Georg &amp; Kora, Mahmoud" docDate="2023" docId="493869167F08FFEAFF2BFAD2FE64FCE8" docLanguage="en" docName="SwissJPalaeontol.142.32.pdf" docOrigin="Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (32) 142 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00296-0" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DBDC680DC95E08776BDF6354C30A315B.1:SwissJPalaeontol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DBDC680DC95E08776BDF6354C30A315B" docStyleName="SwissJPalaeontol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Monophyllum galalaensis El-Desouky &amp; Herbig &amp; Kora 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="B501116E7F19FFF8FFBCFFFFFFE2FF8B" masterDocTitle="Kasimovian (late Pennsylvanian) cornute rugose corals from Egypt: taxonomy, facies and palaeogeography of a cool-water fauna from northern Gondwana" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1721391550094" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4587BCB04962C72909A08369C9D3531A">Kasimovian (late Pennsylvanian) cornute rugose corals from Egypt: taxonomy, facies and palaeogeography of a cool-water fauna from northern Gondwana</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D36125D4C58AD85099CD3C8121256355" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0D9D8A3B9923481825180CD476B8D5F6">
<mods:roleTerm id="FB60DE5D7FAC45C4C0DE94B76C88DFDF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E83F422F1EC6515913C652EDCA4C68F0">El-Desouky, Heba</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59C7A5898F237639BE7CB356071DAF3E">Herbig, Hans-Georg</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="76CD7BB8E351E137FA4E137752BCDFCC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BFC9400AA9F32EDBF901781324A84DC2">
<mods:roleTerm id="EDA114E74CED69CB4A7E7E53A09BA60B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9C858DB92A035159FEF031FB8CC4A9EE">Kora, Mahmoud</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C58EF81CEE92C92583CF0D991640CBF0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="970DBA714407C05A238B1978BE32CB0C">Swiss Journal of Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="10383E4236015E349EA5220C1063BB0D">
<mods:date id="FB5BAB38C3A2EED3A729744B95D71A50">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="81923DDCAC1428DA851C43E013D1C970" type="series">
<mods:title id="DC7E61D4FB1F1837806DB10C2A18F2B2">32</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="B5EC1E9DA329198D77EA6F525A0D2A85">2023-11-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F70FFA71ECA68F5F1A961475891E0F1A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4DEAF3303BB7478F84F830F171412BF2">142</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="557CFD09BD3C8EB5A928D07F4AD3EB31">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="14AFBEB446EBE5F0BA4BEBB6BDDE26BF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="75E2023239B9B0212AC52C9A4BDAEED9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A65811EFD7BAA8C7917F3EE1667CDBE1" type="DOI">10.1186/s13358-023-00296-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AB5715330D3837CF168174398620DCBF" type="ISSN">1664-2384</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E444BD8B1082C2B97502CD0932022D6" type="Zenodo-Dep">12003174</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="493869167F08FFEAFF2BFAD2FE64FCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:493869167F08FFEAFF2BFAD2FE64FCE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/493869167F08FFEAFF2BFAD2FE64FCE8" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F08FFE9FF2BFAD2FDE1FACD" box="[151,515,1325,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FF2BFAD2FDE1FACD" blockId="17.[151,515,1325,1350]" box="[151,515,1325,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="9A666F6C7F08FFE9FF2BFAD2FDE1FACD" bold="true" box="[151,515,1325,1350]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FF2BFAD2FDE1FACD" bold="true" box="[151,515,1325,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F08FFE9FF2BFAD2FE22FACE" authority="El-Desouky &amp; Herbig &amp; Kora, 2023" authorityName="El-Desouky &amp; Herbig &amp; Kora" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,448,1325,1349]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauriida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galalaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FF2BFAD2FE22FACE" bold="true" box="[151,448,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Monophyllum galalaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8D6B9697F08FFE9FE7AFAD1FDE1FACD" box="[454,515,1326,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F08FFE9FF2BFAB1FDCFFA2D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FF2BFAB1FE2CFAED" blockId="17.[151,775,1353,1894]" box="[151,462,1353,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
(
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FF23FAB1FF12FAED" box="[159,240,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FF4CFAB1FEFFFAED" box="[240,285,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1–A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FEA2FAB1FED1FAD1" box="[286,307,1353,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,198,1463,1483]" captionTargetBox="[297,1298,274,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-138@14.[283,1303,236,1450]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 8 A Lytvolasma paraaucta n. sp. A1 Lateral external view of the holotype specimen (RAh 54). Note that, calice is compressed due to compaction.A2 Transverse thin-section in the immature part, showing major septa with irregular zaphrentoid arrangement.A3 Transverse thin section in the early mature part of the corallite, showing radially arranged major septa with rhopaloid ends. A4 Laterally compressed section in the calice base,showing a deformed fossula. A5 Transverse thin-section in the compressed calice, with calcareous mud filling. B1 Lateral external view of the paratype specimen (RAh 19). B2–B5 Successive transverse thin-sections from the immature part near the apex (B2) to the last mature part in the calice (B5)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003275/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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</figureCitation>
, B
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FEEDFAB1FE9EFAED" box="[337,380,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1–B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FEC0FAB1FE68FAED" box="[380,394,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FE29FAB1FE20FAED" box="[405,450,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[167,198,1287,1307]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,248,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-285@22.[283,1303,236,1274]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Relation between number of major septa and coralla alar diameters for: A Lytvolasma paraaucta n. sp.,L aucta Fedorowski,1987, L. asymetrica Soshkina, 1925 described by Chwieduk (2013), L. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber, 2001 and the current studied L. cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber, 2001. B Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. and M. parvum Fomichev, 1953. C Rotiphyllum exile de Groot, 1963. D Zaphrentites cf. parallela (Carruthers,1910) and Zaphrentites sp" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003322/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FF2BFA91FDCFFA2D" blockId="17.[151,775,1353,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FF2BFA91FE4FFA0D" bold="true" box="[151,429,1390,1414]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Derivation of the name:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="71F9D25D7F08FFE9FE09FA91FDCBFA2D" location="Northern Galala Plateau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1">
From the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FD9DFA91FDB2FA0D" box="[545,592,1390,1414]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
locality (eastern cliffs of the
<location id="C44E8EDB7F08FFE9FEA9FA71FDC0FA2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:493869167F08FFEAFF2BFAD2FE64FCE8:C44E8EDB7F08FFE9FEA9FA71FDC0FA2D" box="[277,546,1422,1446]" name="Northern Galala Plateau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Northern Galala Plateau</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F08FFE9FF2BFA51FA7AFEEF" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FF2BFA51FE82F9AD" blockId="17.[151,775,1353,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<materialsCitation id="71F9D25D7F08FFE9FF2BFA51FE82F9AD" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="RAh 9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FF2BFA51FEE8FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,266,1454,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FF2BFA51FEE7FA4D" box="[151,261,1454,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="D79713897F08FFE9FEABFA51FE60FA4D" box="[279,386,1454,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">Specimen</specimenCount>
<specimenCode id="9137707B7F08FFE9FE33FA51FE3EFA4D" box="[399,476,1454,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">RAh 9</specimenCode>
; collected from the basal shales of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation and illustrated in
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FEE2FA11FE52F98D" box="[350,432,1518,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FE0DFA11FE3CF98D" box="[433,478,1518,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1–A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FE62FA11FE11FA71" box="[478,499,1513,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,198,1463,1483]" captionTargetBox="[297,1298,274,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-138@14.[283,1303,236,1450]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 8 A Lytvolasma paraaucta n. sp. A1 Lateral external view of the holotype specimen (RAh 54). Note that, calice is compressed due to compaction.A2 Transverse thin-section in the immature part, showing major septa with irregular zaphrentoid arrangement.A3 Transverse thin section in the early mature part of the corallite, showing radially arranged major septa with rhopaloid ends. A4 Laterally compressed section in the calice base,showing a deformed fossula. A5 Transverse thin-section in the compressed calice, with calcareous mud filling. B1 Lateral external view of the paratype specimen (RAh 19). B2–B5 Successive transverse thin-sections from the immature part near the apex (B2) to the last mature part in the calice (B5)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003275/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<superScript id="36E475487F08FFE9FE62FA11FE11FA71" attach="none" box="[478,499,1513,1542]" fontSize="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">82</superScript>
</figureCitation>
. Six transverse thin-sections are available.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FF2BF9D1FEC2F8AD" blockId="17.[151,775,1353,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FF2BF9D1FEE0F9CD" bold="true" box="[151,258,1582,1606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FEB0F9D1FE94F9CD" box="[268,374,1582,1606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
are represented by five partly preserved corallites (RAh 13, RAh 41, RAh 52, RAh 80 and RAh 92); collected from the lower shales of the Aheimer Formation. The internal structures of these corallites are diagenetically altered. Eighteen transverse thin-sections are available, four of them belonging to RAh (13) are extremely altered by diagenesis and thus excluded from illustrations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FF2BF8D1FC51FEAF" blockId="17.[151,775,1353,1894]" lastBlockId="17.[813,1437,236,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FF2BF8D1FEDCF8CD" bold="true" box="[151,318,1838,1862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="71F9D25D7F08FFE9FEF1F8D1FCE1F8ED" latitude="29.466946" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="32.460556" municipality="Northern Galala" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1">
Eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala plateau (Lat. 29° 28
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FEC8F8B3FE9DF8EE" box="[372,383,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">′</emphasis>
01
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FE18F8B3FE56F8EE" box="[420,436,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">″</emphasis>
N and Long. 32° 27
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FD1CF8B3FD49F8EE" box="[672,683,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">′</emphasis>
38
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FD73F8B3FD3DF8EE" box="[719,735,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">″</emphasis>
E)
</materialsCitation>
, northern Eastern Desert, western side of the Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="035516E27F08FFE9FC91FEF3FC81FEAF" box="[813,867,268,292]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Suez</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B98698907F08FFE9FCD0FEF3FC4CFEAF" box="[876,942,268,292]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FC91FED3FA7AFEEF" blockId="17.[813,1437,236,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FC91FED3FC32FECF" bold="true" box="[813,976,300,324]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type horizon:</emphasis>
Basal shales of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation; Upper Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F08FFE9FC91FE93FA6DFDAF" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FC91FE93FA6DFDAF" blockId="17.[813,1437,236,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FC91FE93FC42FE0F" bold="true" box="[813,928,364,388]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F08FFE9FC0AFE93FBACFE0F" authorityName="Fomichev, Shortened" authorityYear="1953" box="[950,1102,364,388]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FC0AFE93FBACFE0F" box="[950,1102,364,388]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Monophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having maximum n:d ratio 24:11. Major septa meet in the corallite axis forming a stereocolumn; they retreat near the calice floor, forming a small free axial area occupied only by the incipient columella resulting from the elongated counter septum.
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F08FFE9FAD7FE13FC81FDAF" genus="Cardinal" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cardinal</taxonomicName>
septum moderately shortened from early maturity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F08FFEAFC91FDD3FD27FE48" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FC91FDD3FB32FCCF" blockId="17.[813,1437,236,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F08FFE9FC91FDD3FC5FFDCF" bold="true" box="[813,957,556,580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description:</emphasis>
External characters: Corallites are ceratoid, about 2.2–
<quantity id="066975E57F08FFE9FC1AFDB3FC3EFDE8" box="[934,988,588,612]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
long. Calyx and apex are not preserved in the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FCC4FD93FC3AFD0F" box="[888,984,620,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC54FD93FBDCFD0F" box="[1000,1086,620,644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB82FD93FBA5FD0F" box="[1086,1095,620,644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</figureCitation>
) but preserved in most of the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FC91FD73FC6EFD2F" box="[813,908,652,676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FBA9FD73FB85FD2F" box="[1045,1127,652,676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FBDBFD73FB93FD2F" box="[1127,1137,652,676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</figureCitation>
). When preserved, calyx is deep and laterally compressed. A remarkably long counter septum that forms an incipient columella with its end can be detected on its floor (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FBC9FD13FB2BFC8F" box="[1141,1225,748,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB75FD13FB35FC8F" box="[1225,1239,748,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</figureCitation>
). Delicate growth lines and distinct septal furrows are visible in the good preserved external wall (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB8AFCD3FB6AFCCF" box="[1078,1160,812,836]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB34FCD3FB55FCCF" box="[1160,1207,812,836]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1197,1217]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,237,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-377@1.[169,1419,236,1184]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geological map of the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau, modified after Abdallah and El Adindani (1965)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1–A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB0AFCD3FB26FCCF" box="[1206,1220,812,836]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFE9FCFEFCB3FC3FFB4F" blockId="17.[813,1437,236,1924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Internal characters: The young stages of ontogeny are described from the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FBABFC93FB94FC0F" box="[1047,1142,876,900]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FABDFC93FAB4FC0F" box="[1281,1366,876,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FAEAFC93FA67FC0F" box="[1366,1413,876,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2–B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FA38FC93FA72FC0F" box="[1412,1424,876,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[167,198,1651,1671]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,236,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[166,1421,236,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 Field aspects of the Aheimer Formation; A General view of the studied succession of the lower member exposed in a faulted block to the north of Porto Sukhna; the shales mudstones close to the base (rectangle) are interbedded with thin, hard dolomitic bands. B Close up view on of the lower fossiliferous shale mudstone beds of A. C, D Close-up view on of two rugose corals entombed in the shale mudstone beds.E Close-up view on of a rugose coral species with diagenetically compressed calyx. Note strong ferrugination of corallite and surrounding matrix within the fossiliferous shale. F Fossiliferous shales mudstone with thin bands of ferruginous dolomitic limestone and secondary evaporite veinlets; Cr = crinoidal stems. G Crinoid columnals (Cr) and rugose corals (RC) are embedded in the shale mudstone. H Close-up view on of a spiriferid valve shell within the shale (arrow). Diameter of coins in C–E, G: 25 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003198/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3</figureCitation>
), where the apical part is well-preserved. In the earliest ontogenetically preserved section (nepionic stage) of the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FCE5FC33FC5AFC6F" box="[857,952,972,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
RAh (13) only 3 protosepta can be traced in about
<quantity id="066975E57F08FFE9FC2DFC13FC30FB88" box="[913,978,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
diameter (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FBF7FC13FB78FB8F" box="[1099,1178,1004,1028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB26FC13FB4AFB8F" box="[1178,1192,1004,1028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</figureCitation>
). The subsequent section records the early neanic stage (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB12FBF3FB19FBAF" box="[1198,1275,1036,1060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB40FBF3FAEAFBAF" box="[1276,1288,1036,1060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[167,198,1651,1671]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,236,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[166,1421,236,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 Field aspects of the Aheimer Formation; A General view of the studied succession of the lower member exposed in a faulted block to the north of Porto Sukhna; the shales mudstones close to the base (rectangle) are interbedded with thin, hard dolomitic bands. B Close up view on of the lower fossiliferous shale mudstone beds of A. C, D Close-up view on of two rugose corals entombed in the shale mudstone beds.E Close-up view on of a rugose coral species with diagenetically compressed calyx. Note strong ferrugination of corallite and surrounding matrix within the fossiliferous shale. F Fossiliferous shales mudstone with thin bands of ferruginous dolomitic limestone and secondary evaporite veinlets; Cr = crinoidal stems. G Crinoid columnals (Cr) and rugose corals (RC) are embedded in the shale mudstone. H Close-up view on of a spiriferid valve shell within the shale (arrow). Diameter of coins in C–E, G: 25 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003198/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3</figureCitation>
), where there are 14 major septa in 2.5 mm diameter, all meet near the corallite axis with their thick inner ends. The subsequent neanic growth stages of the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FBDBFB93FB24FB0F" box="[1127,1222,1132,1156]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
have n:d of 19–22: 5–6.7 mm. These sections are not suitable for illustration as stated before.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F08FFEAFCFEFB33FD27FE48" blockId="17.[813,1437,236,1924]" lastBlockId="18.[151,776,235,867]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The two earliest preserved ontogenetic sections of the
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F08FFE9FCE7FB13FC59FA8F" box="[859,955,1260,1284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
have 21–22 septa in 6–6.5 mm diameter (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC88FAF3FC64FAAF" box="[820,902,1292,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC3AFAF3FC54FAAF" box="[902,950,1292,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[167,198,1651,1671]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,236,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[166,1421,236,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 Field aspects of the Aheimer Formation; A General view of the studied succession of the lower member exposed in a faulted block to the north of Porto Sukhna; the shales mudstones close to the base (rectangle) are interbedded with thin, hard dolomitic bands. B Close up view on of the lower fossiliferous shale mudstone beds of A. C, D Close-up view on of two rugose corals entombed in the shale mudstone beds.E Close-up view on of a rugose coral species with diagenetically compressed calyx. Note strong ferrugination of corallite and surrounding matrix within the fossiliferous shale. F Fossiliferous shales mudstone with thin bands of ferruginous dolomitic limestone and secondary evaporite veinlets; Cr = crinoidal stems. G Crinoid columnals (Cr) and rugose corals (RC) are embedded in the shale mudstone. H Close-up view on of a spiriferid valve shell within the shale (arrow). Diameter of coins in C–E, G: 25 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003198/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3–A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC09FAF3FC21FAAF" box="[949,963,1292,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[167,198,1402,1422]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,240,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-124@5.[166,1421,236,1389]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4 Effects of diagenesis on some coral specimens: A Thin-section in the calice of the specimen RAh (44) shows a completely compressed calice filled with fossiliferous mud. B Thin-section below the calice of the Bothrophyllum okense (RAh 37) shows beginning of compression and breakage of septa. C Thin-section below the calice of the specimen RAh (79), shows completely broken and altered septa, probable outer dissepimentarium and axial structure, filled with ferruginous mud. D Thin-section of a completely compressed specimen RAh (200) shows high alteration,breakage and ferrugination of skeletal elements.E Thin-section in the early mature part of the Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.(RAh 11), shows ferrugination affects a large part of the interior skeleton. F Mature thin-section of Rotiphyllum exile (RAh 29), shows ferrugination and dolomitization of skeletal elements.G, H Thin-sections of mature part of the specimen (RAh 81) in G and the immature part of the specimen RAh (99) in H show extensive dolomitization and ferrugination of the internal skeletal elements" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003222/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</figureCitation>
). In this stage major septa are thick, except for the cardinal septum. The counter septum is slightly thicker than the others and is longer.
<collectingRegion id="035516E27F08FFE9FB49FAB3FAD0FAEF" box="[1269,1330,1356,1380]" country="Spain" name="Ceuta" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Septa</collectingRegion>
are pinnately to sub-radial arranged and meet in the centre to form a stereocolumn. Minor septa are mostly missing. In the successively youngest sections (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB5EFA53FADAFA4F" box="[1250,1336,1452,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FA84FA53FA83FA4F" box="[1336,1377,1452,1476]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="6.[167,198,1874,1894]" captionStartId-1="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionStartId-2="12.[167,198,1342,1362]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetBox-1="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetBox-2="[285,1299,238,1327]" captionTargetId-0="figure-436@6.[166,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetId-2="figure-189@12.[283,1303,236,1329]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="Fig. 5 Internal morphological characters of the non-dissepimented rugose corals referred to in the systematic descriptions, after Denayer and Hoşgör (2014). A Transverse section. B Longitudinal section" captionText-1="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" captionText-2="Fig. 7 Lytvolasma aheimerensis n. sp. A External view of the specimen RA (2), showing a straight corallite with partly eroded calice and non-preserved apical part, positions of thin-sections indicated.B–D Successive transverse thin-sections in the early preserved growth stages, shows very thick major septa joining together near the centre.The cardinal septum is deformed in D. E–G Successive thin-sections in the early mature stages show the formation of a stereozone with a free axial area,shortening of the cardinal septum with maturity and the longest counter septum with a rhopaloid end. H–I Two transverse thin-sections below the calice, deformed due to rejuvenation in H and lateral compaction in I. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A: 5 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003232" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003254" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12003232/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12003254/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5–7</figureCitation>
, B
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FA3EFA53FA72FA4F" box="[1410,1424,1452,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[167,198,1402,1422]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,240,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-124@5.[166,1421,236,1389]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4 Effects of diagenesis on some coral specimens: A Thin-section in the calice of the specimen RAh (44) shows a completely compressed calice filled with fossiliferous mud. B Thin-section below the calice of the Bothrophyllum okense (RAh 37) shows beginning of compression and breakage of septa. C Thin-section below the calice of the specimen RAh (79), shows completely broken and altered septa, probable outer dissepimentarium and axial structure, filled with ferruginous mud. D Thin-section of a completely compressed specimen RAh (200) shows high alteration,breakage and ferrugination of skeletal elements.E Thin-section in the early mature part of the Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.(RAh 11), shows ferrugination affects a large part of the interior skeleton. F Mature thin-section of Rotiphyllum exile (RAh 29), shows ferrugination and dolomitization of skeletal elements.G, H Thin-sections of mature part of the specimen (RAh 81) in G and the immature part of the specimen RAh (99) in H show extensive dolomitization and ferrugination of the internal skeletal elements" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003222/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</figureCitation>
), major septa count
<quantity id="066975E57F08FFE9FBBDFA33FB87FA6F" box="[1025,1125,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.968999999999999" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 in</quantity>
8–10.5 mm diameter. They are joined with their thickened axial ends to form a dense axial column, with a narrower free axial area. The counter septum is the longest and exceeds all the majors in the axial stereocolumn with a rhopaloid thickened end.
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F08FFE9FAD7F9B3FC81F90F" genus="Cardinal" pageId="17" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cardinal</taxonomicName>
septum thins towards the axis (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB76F993FAFFF90F" box="[1226,1309,1644,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FAA1F993FAC8F90F" box="[1309,1322,1644,1668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[167,198,1874,1894]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-436@6.[166,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5 Internal morphological characters of the non-dissepimented rugose corals referred to in the systematic descriptions, after Denayer and Hoşgör (2014). A Transverse section. B Longitudinal section" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003232/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</figureCitation>
), immediately becoming short, situated within a triangular, adaxial open cardinal fossula, which is located on the concave side of the corallite (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FBA6F933FB8DF96F" box="[1050,1135,1740,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FBCCF933FB78F96F" box="[1136,1178,1740,1764]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionStartId-1="12.[167,198,1342,1362]" captionTargetBox-0="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetBox-1="[285,1299,238,1327]" captionTargetId-0="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetId-1="figure-189@12.[283,1303,236,1329]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" captionText-1="Fig. 7 Lytvolasma aheimerensis n. sp. A External view of the specimen RA (2), showing a straight corallite with partly eroded calice and non-preserved apical part, positions of thin-sections indicated.B–D Successive transverse thin-sections in the early preserved growth stages, shows very thick major septa joining together near the centre.The cardinal septum is deformed in D. E–G Successive thin-sections in the early mature stages show the formation of a stereozone with a free axial area,shortening of the cardinal septum with maturity and the longest counter septum with a rhopaloid end. H–I Two transverse thin-sections below the calice, deformed due to rejuvenation in H and lateral compaction in I. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A: 5 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003254" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12003254/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6–7</figureCitation>
). Alar fossulae are not visible. In the last mature sections, below the calice floor (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC88F8F3FC64F8AF" box="[820,902,1804,1828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<superScript id="36E475487F08FFE9FC3BF8F3FC4CF893" attach="none" box="[903,942,1799,1828]" fontSize="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC3BF8F3FC79F893" box="[903,923,1799,1828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,198,1463,1483]" captionTargetBox="[297,1298,274,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-138@14.[283,1303,236,1450]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 8 A Lytvolasma paraaucta n. sp. A1 Lateral external view of the holotype specimen (RAh 54). Note that, calice is compressed due to compaction.A2 Transverse thin-section in the immature part, showing major septa with irregular zaphrentoid arrangement.A3 Transverse thin section in the early mature part of the corallite, showing radially arranged major septa with rhopaloid ends. A4 Laterally compressed section in the calice base,showing a deformed fossula. A5 Transverse thin-section in the compressed calice, with calcareous mud filling. B1 Lateral external view of the paratype specimen (RAh 19). B2–B5 Successive transverse thin-sections from the immature part near the apex (B2) to the last mature part in the calice (B5)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003275/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">81</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC19F8F8FC4CF893" box="[933,942,1799,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[167,198,1519,1539]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,239,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-143@3.[283,1303,236,1506]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2 A Lithostratigraphic succession of the Aheimer Formation studied along the eastern cliffs of the Northern Galala Plateau after Kora and Mansour (1992). B Enlargement of the mudstone dominated basal shale part of the lower member of the Aheimer Formation studied herein (see also Fig. 3A)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</figureCitation>
</superScript>
, B
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FC73F8F3FC3EF8AF" box="[975,988,1804,1828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[167,198,1874,1894]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-436@6.[166,1421,1179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5 Internal morphological characters of the non-dissepimented rugose corals referred to in the systematic descriptions, after Denayer and Hoşgör (2014). A Transverse section. B Longitudinal section" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003232/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</figureCitation>
), and within the calice (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FB56F8F3FAD8F8AF" box="[1258,1338,1804,1828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[167,198,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[291,1292,238,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[283,1303,236,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9 A Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. (Holotype specimen, Rah 9). A1 Lateral external view of the corallite, positions of thin-sections indicated in A1. A2 A calice view of the paratype specimen (RAh 41), with eroded rim, shows an elongated counter septum that form a columella (arrow). A3–A5 Successive transverse thin-sections of the neanic stage,showing the pseudo-radial to pinnate arrangement of major septa, a long thin ended cardinal septum, and a longer counter septum with a swollen end in a dense stereocolumn. A6–7 Two successive mature sections, showing a short cardinal septum. A81, 2 Transverse thin-section in the late mature stage below the calice,showing radially arranged major septa that retreat a little leaving a narrow free axial area occupied by the elongated part of the counter septum. Note, A82 is a redrawing of section A81. Paratype specimen (RAh 13). External alar view of the corallite,positions of thin-sections are indicated in white lines. B2 Nepionic stage.B3 Early neanic stage. B4–5 Two partly compressed successive mature sections (ephebic stage), show a distinctly long counter septum.B6 Last mature section—more or less in the calice—showing a detached columella that is separated from the long counter septum. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003288/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F08FFE9FA86F8F3FAA5F8AF" box="[1338,1351,1804,1828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[167,198,1520,1540]" captionTargetBox="[287,1299,246,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[283,1303,236,1508]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6 A Actinophrentis crassithecata n. sp.: (Holotype specimen RAh (57). A1 External view showing a thick walled, slightly curved corallite with septal furrows ornamenting the external wall. Position of thin-sections indicated. A2 Transverse thin-section near the non-preserved apical part, shows thick major septa meeting in the centre and adaxially thinning cardinal septum. A3 Transverse thin-section in the middle part of the corallite, shows major septa meeting in the centre and noticeable fossular breaks. A4 Last adult transverse thin section just below the calice shows septa withdrawn a little from the centre.A5 Details of the external wall of A3. B1, B2 External lateral views of the specimen RAh (11) showing a thick walled,slightly curved corallite with septal furrows and concentric growth lines on the external wall. C Lytvolasma cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber,2001, specimen RAh (66). C1, C2 Transverse thin-section in the middle mature part of the corallite, shows a short cardinal septum and a long counter septum with a rhopaloid axial end. C3 Transverse thin-section in the calice, shows a long counter septum. Scale bars: 2.5 mm, except A2–A5: 2 mm. Black dots indicate the positions of cardinal septum (below), counter septum (above) and the two alar septa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003244/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</figureCitation>
), major septa are a little withdrawn from the axis and a narrow free axial area is developed that disappears in the lower, less mature sections. They are radially arranged. Minor septa are underdeveloped and form small triangular spikes at the inner wall. However, the long rhopaloid counter septum, incipient columella, and the short cardinal septum in the triangular fossula are still developed. The arrangement of the major septa changes from radial to pseudo-radial and then pinnate when going down towards the successively older parts of the corallite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="898B8B8B7F0BFFEAFF11FE34FE64FCE8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C12ED8007F0BFFEAFF11FE34FE64FCE8" blockId="18.[151,776,235,867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFF11FE34FED0FE68" bold="true" box="[173,306,459,483]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion:</emphasis>
The species discussed differs from the Upper Moscovian
<typeStatus id="1E2A66A27F0BFFEAFECDFE13FE42FD8F" box="[369,416,492,516]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F0BFFEAFDB7FE14FEA6FDA8" authority="Fomichev, 1953" authorityName="Fomichev" authorityYear="1953" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sokolovi">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFDB7FE14FCE5FD88" box="[523,775,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Monophyllum sokolovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A500A5F17F0BFFEAFF2BFDF4FEA6FDA8" author="Fomichev, V." box="[151,324,523,547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref26079" refString="Fomichev, V. (1953). Rugose corals and stratigraphy of Middle and Upper Carboniferous and Middle Permian deposits of the Donets Basin. GeoI. Inst. (VESEGEI), 622 pp." type="book" year="1953">
Fomichev,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
the strong elongation of the counter septum up to the calice floor, forming an incipient columella.
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F0BFFEAFF58FDB4FD75FDE8" authority="Fomichev, 1953" authorityName="Fomichev" authorityYear="1953" box="[228,663,587,611]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFF58FDB4FE3CFDE8" box="[228,478,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Monophyllum parvum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A500A5F17F0BFFEAFE55FDB4FD75FDE8" author="Fomichev, V." box="[489,663,587,611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref26079" refString="Fomichev, V. (1953). Rugose corals and stratigraphy of Middle and Upper Carboniferous and Middle Permian deposits of the Donets Basin. GeoI. Inst. (VESEGEI), 622 pp." type="book" year="1953">Fomichev, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differs in its smaller n:d ratio (
<figureCitation id="59AAC4857F0BFFEAFEC4FD94FE36FD08" box="[376,468,619,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[167,198,1287,1307]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,248,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-285@22.[283,1303,236,1274]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Relation between number of major septa and coralla alar diameters for: A Lytvolasma paraaucta n. sp.,L aucta Fedorowski,1987, L. asymetrica Soshkina, 1925 described by Chwieduk (2013), L. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber, 2001 and the current studied L. cf. canadense Fedorowski and Bamber, 2001. B Monophyllum galalaensis n. sp. and M. parvum Fomichev, 1953. C Rotiphyllum exile de Groot, 1963. D Zaphrentites cf. parallela (Carruthers,1910) and Zaphrentites sp" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12003322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12003322/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). The current species differs from
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F0BFFEAFF69FD73FDF6FD28" authority="Fedorowski, 1987" authorityName="Fedorowski" authorityYear="1987" box="[213,532,651,675]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cassum">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFF69FD73FF0FFD28" box="[213,237,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFF40FD73FEAEFD28" box="[252,332,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cassum</emphasis>
Fedorowski, 1987
</taxonomicName>
by its larger n:d ratio (24:11.5 vs. 22:9.3). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F0BFFEAFDBCFD53FD95FD48" authorityName="Fedorowski" authorityYear="1987" box="[512,631,684,707]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cassum">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFDBCFD53FD95FD48" box="[512,631,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. cassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows withdrawing of major septa from the corallite axis already in the late neanic/early ephebic stage, while this happens in the late ephebic stage near or at the calice floor in the Egyptian species. The formation of a stereocolumn is missing in
<taxonomicName id="0691A3837F0BFFEAFEB0FCB3FE63FCE8" authorityName="Fedorowski" authorityYear="1987" box="[268,385,844,867]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hapsiphyllidae" genus="Monophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cassum">
<emphasis id="F3E504127F0BFFEAFEB0FCB3FE63FCE8" box="[268,385,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. cassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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