396 lines
41 KiB
XML
396 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="FDC403E89D5866DCEB91EB6B69C430ED" ID-DOI="10.17161/jom.v0i39.4781" ID-ISSN="2325-4467" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722892795178" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Engel, Michael S. & Prado, Sara G." docDate="2014" docId="0385C764DA291E64E0E2FD69FDE81A16" docLanguage="en" docName="JMelittology.2014.39.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Melittology 39" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416.4:JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416" docStyleName="JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sphecodes (Austrosphecodes) tainoi Engel 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFBCBF1CDA2B1E61E157FFC8FFD91B4F" masterDocTitle="First record of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Sphecodes from Puerto Rico (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1725041262103" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A92814AC2732ADD1E0D1DEC6EDF96FB8">
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<mods:title id="6E42A24D118958544BF6452CD0A8070B">First record of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Sphecodes from Puerto Rico (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8F5928F43F946CA68F9AEB1739AE1219" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="69EDCBE9F20DE2A483C546BA2868EEDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC3C2CD160CD0C4B499C0CB8F49F6EB0">Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D99FB4F2EC86A196AD0B8C126D5552D6">Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive - Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA (msengel @ ku. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FBC2A28041EFBEE012A31FE156D5F55B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5D0D2514D673974C615D8C3850669621">Prado, Sara G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B905D093A9AC094CED378A202F07D32">North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecol - ogy, 221 David Clark Labs, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA (sprado @ ncsu. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="18D5007F993BBBA922D01587C47E17A1">Journal of Melittology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D8864F7CB1104A32F9415D77425D2C1">
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<mods:date id="A83CC9B9B611F381884881BA94E32B2F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9BB8A72938912776975001D97A49127D">2014-09-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4A72A0DEAF01323FCA7594133D8DE165">39</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C33625F9DA291E63E0E2FD69FCA219F6" box="[437,891,673,698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA291E63E0E2FD69FCA219F6" ID-CoL="6YY2N" authority="Engel" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[437,891,673,698]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi" subGenus="Austrosphecodes">
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<emphasis id="B958AA60DA291E63E0E2FD69FDFB19F6" box="[437,546,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sphecodes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B958AA60DA291E63E366FD69FD3A19F6" box="[561,739,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Austrosphecodes</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B958AA60DA291E63E3A4FD6AFCE819F6" box="[755,817,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">tainoi</emphasis>
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Engel
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(
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)
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USA: PR [
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[
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], 2013,
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, #77 (
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USA: PR [
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, 22
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[
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], 2013,
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, #193 (
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)
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E576FC09FBC118B6" collectingDate="2013-05-02" collectorName="S. E. River" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="17.975784" location="St. Isabel" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.41772" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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USA: PR [
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E199FC2AFE8718B6" box="[206,350,993,1017]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<location id="8EF320A9DA291E63E039FC29FE0118B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385C764DA291E64E0E2FD69FDE81A16:8EF320A9DA291E63E039FC29FE0118B6" box="[366,472,993,1017]" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="17.975784" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.41772" name="St. Isabel" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">St. Isabel</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E0B5FC29FDB718B6" box="[482,622,993,1017]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="58.547" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="17.975784">N17°58.547’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E324FC29FCD518B6" box="[627,780,993,1017]" degrees="066" direction="west" minutes="25.063" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-66.41772">W066°25.063’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D913A4DA291E63E242FC29FC5118B6" box="[789,904,993,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S.E. River</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9250B2DA291E63E2C5FC29FBC118B6" box="[914,1048,993,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2013-05-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD6A95ADA291E63E2C5FC29FBC118B6" box="[914,1048,993,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2013-05-02">2 May 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E576FC29FD891F76" collectingDate="2014-06-17" collectingDateMax="2014-07-15" collectingDateMin="2014-06-17" collectionCode="SEMC" collectorName="S. G. Prado" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.037916" location="Ponce" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.64308" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ponce">
|
||
<collectorName id="26D913A4DA291E63E576FC29FF181F56" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S.G. Prado</collectorName>
|
||
, #388 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DEEB7DA291E63E044FBC9FEBA1F56" box="[275,355,1025,1049]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34264" name="University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">SEMC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ABDFBDA291E63E029FBC9FE461F53" box="[382,415,1025,1052]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, USA: PR [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E372FBCAFD611F56" box="[549,696,1025,1049]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8B890DA291E63E39DFBCAFCCA1F56" box="[714,787,1026,1049]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ponce" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ponce</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E277FBC9FC751F56" box="[800,940,1025,1049]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="02.275" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="18.037916">N18°02.275’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E2E2FBC9FB941F56" box="[949,1101,1025,1049]" degrees="066" direction="west" minutes="38.585" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-66.64308">W066°38.585’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A20 (
|
||
<collectingMethod id="526D0E65DA291E63E1FFFBE9FE991F75" box="[168,320,1057,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF9250B2DA291E63E001FBE9FD891F76" box="[342,592,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD6A95ADA291E63E001FBE9FD891F76" box="[342,592,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">17 June–15 July 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E30BFBE9FB951F16" collectingDate="2014-06-17" collectingDateMax="2014-07-15" collectingDateMin="2014-06-17" collectionCode="MEBT" collectorName="S. G. Prado" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.037916" location="Ponce" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.64308" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Ponce">
|
||
<collectorName id="26D913A4DA291E63E30BFBE9FD071F76" box="[604,734,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S.G. Prado</collectorName>
|
||
, #2 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DEEB7DA291E63E241FBE9FCBF1F76" box="[790,870,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MEBT</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ABDFBDA291E63E2D5FBE9FC6E1F73" box="[898,951,1057,1084]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, USA: PR [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E568FBEAFF001F16" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8B890DA291E63E1BCFB8AFEED1F16" box="[235,308,1090,1113]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ponce" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ponce</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E017FB89FE151F16" box="[320,460,1089,1113]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="02.275" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="18.037916">N18°02.275’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E084FB89FDB21F16" box="[467,619,1089,1113]" degrees="066" direction="west" minutes="38.585" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-66.64308">W066°38.585’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, A20
|
||
<collectingMethod id="526D0E65DA291E63E3FBFB89FC9B1F15" box="[684,834,1089,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF9250B2DA291E63E200FB89FB951F16" box="[855,1100,1089,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD6A95ADA291E63E200FB89FB951F16" box="[855,1100,1089,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">17 June–15 July 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, S.G.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA291E63E1F7FBA9FC5A1F96" blockId="2.[160,1169,769,1785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E1F7FBA9FCA11F33" box="[160,888,1121,1148]" collectionCode="MEBT" location="Prado" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<location id="8EF320A9DA291E63E1F7FBA9FF301F36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385C764DA291E64E0E2FD69FDE81A16:8EF320A9DA291E63E1F7FBA9FF301F36" box="[160,233,1121,1145]" name="Prado" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Prado</location>
|
||
, [each individually numbered as #4 and #5] (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DEEB7DA291E63E3A7FBA9FC991F36" box="[752,832,1121,1145]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MEBT</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ABDFBDA291E63E201FBA9FCA11F33" box="[854,888,1121,1148]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E2D3FBA9FD1B1FD6" collectionCode="USFWS" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="17.980267" location="Ponce" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-67.17052" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ponce">
|
||
USA: PR [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E2A1FBAAFB5F1F36" box="[1014,1158,1121,1145]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8B890DA291E63E1F7FB4AFF301FD6" box="[160,233,1154,1177]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ponce" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ponce</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E1A1FB49FE5B1FD6" box="[246,386,1153,1177]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="58.816" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="17.980267">N17°58.816’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E0DCFB49FDFA1FD6" box="[395,547,1153,1177]" degrees="067" direction="west" minutes="10.231" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-67.17052">W067°10.231’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DEEB7DA291E63E367FB49FD581FD6" box="[560,641,1153,1177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">USFWS</collectionCode>
|
||
(net)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E387FB49FEEC1FF3" collectingDate="2014-06-17" collectingDateMax="2014-07-15" collectingDateMin="2014-06-17" collectionCode="SEMC" collectorName="Prado" country="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ponce">
|
||
<date id="FF9250B2DA291E63E387FB49FC101FD6" box="[720,969,1153,1177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD6A95ADA291E63E387FB49FC101FD6" box="[720,969,1153,1177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">17 June–15 July 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, S.G.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D913A4DA291E63E559FB49FB8E1FD6" box="[1038,1111,1153,1177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Prado</collectorName>
|
||
, #4 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DEEB7DA291E63E1FFFB69FF211FF6" box="[168,248,1185,1209]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34264" name="University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">SEMC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ABDFBDA291E63E043FB69FEEC1FF3" box="[276,309,1185,1212]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B447C2FDA291E63E013FB69FCA61F96" collectingDate="2014-06-17" collectingDateMax="2014-07-15" collectingDateMin="2014-06-17" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="Vasquez & S. G. Prado" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.12435" location="Ponce" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.63772" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ponce">
|
||
USA: PR [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E0EBFB6AFD961FF6" box="[444,591,1185,1209]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8B890DA291E63E335FB6AFD721FF6" box="[610,683,1186,1209]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ponce" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ponce</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E3EFFB69FC9D1FF6" box="[696,836,1185,1209]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="07.461" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="18.12435">N18°07.461’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1810B5DA291E63E21BFB69FC3C1FF6" box="[844,997,1185,1209]" degrees="066" direction="west" minutes="38.263" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="-66.63772">W066°38.263’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D913A4DA291E63E2A6FB6AFB8D1FF6" box="[1009,1108,1186,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Vasquez</collectorName>
|
||
sun (
|
||
<collectingMethod id="526D0E65DA291E63E1FFFB09FEA01F95" box="[168,377,1217,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">elevated pan trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FF9250B2DA291E63E0DAFB09FD591F96" box="[397,640,1217,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD6A95ADA291E63E0DAFB09FD591F96" box="[397,640,1217,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-17" valueMax="2014-07-15" valueMin="2014-06-17">17 June–15 July 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D913A4DA291E63E3DCFB09FCD11F96" box="[651,776,1217,1241]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S.G. Prado</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DEEB7DA291E63E240FB09FCAE1F96" box="[791,887,1217,1241]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33625F9DA291E64E187FB29FDE81A16" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA291E63E187FB29FE4E1E96" blockId="2.[160,1169,769,1785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
COMMENTS: The new material differs very slightly from the original description (
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA291E63E1FEFAC9FEC81E56" box="[169,273,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">vide infra</emphasis>
|
||
) but in all other respects is identical with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5497C8D0DA291E63E263FACAFCB11E55" box="[820,872,1282,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E2ABFAC9FBE71E56" box="[1020,1086,1281,1305]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. More importantly, comparison between the terminalia of males from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E2DAFAEAFBCF1E76" box="[909,1046,1313,1337]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA291E63E506FAE9FB491E76" box="[1105,1168,1313,1337]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
show that the genitalia are identical in all respects. The drawing of the genital capsule in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD0B83DA291E63E1E9FAA9FE841E36" author="Engel, M. S." box="[190,349,1377,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref2365" refString="Engel, M. S. 2006 a. The Sphecodes of Cuba (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 49 B (1 - 2): 73 - 78." type="journal article" year="2006">Engel (2006a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a bit stylized such that the long, setose basal lobe of the gonostylus does not stand out quite as prominently as it should, the gonocoxite covered by the lobe being broader than that implied, and the ventral prong on the penis valve was accidentally omitted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA291E62E187FA29FE9C1D04" blockId="2.[160,1169,769,1785]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1168,1491,1771]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Notable aspects apparently representing variations are as follow: mandible typically dark brown to dark reddish brown except some with more broad amber coloration on outer surface; mesoscutum with punctures separated by slightly less to slightly more than a puncture width and thereby sometimes a bit more widely spaced in places than the Cuban series, those punctures along borders smaller and denser, integument between punctures smooth and shining; mesoscutellum with punctures becoming a bit more faint medially on disc; areas more reddish amber or reddish brown in Cuban series are more distinctly red to orange in the Puerto Rican material (the slightly lighter appearance in Cuban material perhaps represents fading as that series had been stored under variable conditions since 1967), terga I–III sometimes more completely orange, some individuals with reddish orange coloration extending across more apical terga, sternum IV typically lighter apically; setae more densely branched lower on face.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5326FADA281E62E1F7FAAAFC2C1EDA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[160,241,1378,1400]" targetBox="[184,1149,235,1364]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA281E62E1F7FAAAFC2C1EDA" blockId="3.[160,1168,1378,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E1F7FAAAFEFB1E38" bold="true" box="[160,290,1378,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 2–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA281E62E067FAAAFD121E37" authority="Engel" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[304,715,1378,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi" subGenus="Austrosphecodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E067FAAAFE4B1E38" box="[304,402,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sphecodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E0F6FAAAFD981E38" box="[417,577,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Austrosphecodes</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E307FAAAFD511E38" box="[592,648,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">tainoi</emphasis>
|
||
Engel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Puerto Rico.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E2CAFAAAFC761E38" bold="true" box="[925,943,1378,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E1B1FAB7FF211EDB" bold="true" box="[230,248,1407,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Facial view of female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E0A7FAB7FDDB1EDB" bold="true" box="[496,514,1407,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E25DFAB7FCC51EDB" bold="true" box="[778,796,1407,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Facial view of male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA281E65E187F99BFCEE1E91" blockId="3.[160,1168,1491,1771]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1175,1446,1790]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Given that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA281E62E007F99CFE731D24" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[336,426,1620,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E007F99CFE861D24" box="[336,351,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E03BF99CFE731D24" box="[364,426,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">tainoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was regularly encountered in the areas depicted in figure 1, it is likely that they were victimizing nearby nests of another bee. It would be worthwhile during future surveys to seek nesting sites and attempt to determine what the host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA281E62E1F7F97CFF201D84" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,249,1716,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E1F7F97CFF761D84" box="[160,175,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E1ECF97CFF201D84" box="[187,249,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">tainoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be, and perhaps to elaborate further on its biology. At least three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA281E62E1E9F91BFE461DA4" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1833" box="[190,415,1747,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Lasioglossum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E1E9F91BFE961DA4" box="[190,335,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lasioglossum</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in the same fields (Prado
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA281E62E209F91CFC521DA4" box="[862,907,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep.), and two of those are known also from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA2F1E65E08DFA6EFDC51EF1" box="[474,540,1446,1470]" name="Cuba" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is possible that at least one of these may be the host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA2F1E65E1E9FA0EFEC11E92" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[190,280,1478,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E1E9FA0EFF141E92" box="[190,205,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E18DFA0EFEC11E92" box="[218,280,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tainoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and perhaps its host on other islands as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5326FADA2F1E65E1F7FAFCFEE31E28" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[160,231,1332,1354]" targetBox="[213,1103,235,1316]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA2F1E65E1F7FAFCFEE31E28" blockId="4.[160,1168,1332,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E1F7FAFCFEC11E06" bold="true" box="[160,280,1332,1354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 6–7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA2F1E65E088FAFDFCA41E04" authority="Engel" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[479,893,1333,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi" subGenus="Austrosphecodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E088FAFDFD981E05" box="[479,577,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sphecodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E306FAFDFD281E05" box="[593,753,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Austrosphecodes</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E256FAFDFCE01E05" box="[769,825,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tainoi</emphasis>
|
||
Engel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Puerto Rico.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E502FAFCFBBE1E06" bold="true" box="[1109,1127,1332,1353]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E1B1FA9AFF211E28" bold="true" box="[230,248,1362,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B937672DA2F1E64E187FA2EFDE81A16" blockId="4.[160,1175,1446,1790]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1168,225,345]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA2F1E65E0E6FA2EFDD71EB2" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2006" box="[433,526,1510,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tainoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E0E6FA2EFE191EB2" box="[433,448,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E087FA2EFDD71EB2" box="[464,526,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tainoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA2F1E65E3F7FA2EFD061EB1" box="[672,735,1510,1534]" name="Cuba" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and now
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA2F1E65E20AFA2EFC301EB1" box="[861,1001,1510,1534]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests that the species has a broader range in the Greater Antilles than was originally surmised. This is perhaps not surprising as the previous apparent “endemism” of the species was more a reflection of a lack of adequate collecting than any real evidence of a more regionalized occurrence. It is possible that with sufficient collecting the species may be found throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B36E2DA2F1E65E02BF94EFE621DD1" box="[380,443,1670,1694]" name="Cuba" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and across the intervening Hispaniola as well. These discoveries highlight the need for more extensive sampling and biological investigations into the bees of the Caribbean islands, and particularly the fauna of Halictinae. As more material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C0DF1DA2F1E65E071F92EFE4A1DB1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[294,403,1766,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2F1E65E071F92EFE4A1DB1" box="[294,403,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sphecodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
becomes available from throughout the Caribbean a comprehensive revision of the fauna would be most beneficial, providing revised hypotheses for species circumscription within the region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD0B83DA2E1E64E3F6FEC9FCE21A56" author="Engel, M. S." box="[673,827,257,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="2 - 15" refId="ref2512" refString="Engel, M. S. 2011 b. Systematic melittology: Where to from here? Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 2 - 15." type="journal article" year="2011">Engel, 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD0B83DA2E1E64E21FFEC9FBE51A56" author="Gonzalez, V. H. & T. Griswold & M. S. Engel" box="[840,1084,257,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="645 - 653" refId="ref2578" refString="Gonzalez, V. H., T. Griswold, & M. S. Engel. 2013. Obtaining a better taxonomic understanding of native bees: Where do we start? Systematic Entomology 38 (4): 645 - 653." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Gonzalez
|
||
<emphasis id="B958AA60DA2E1E64E297FECAFC361A56" box="[960,1007,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a foundation from which to ascertain relationships of these taxa to the mainland fauna and their historical biogeography.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |