569 lines
49 KiB
XML
569 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.327.5427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a67a04a8-5c8d-487d-a986-5185ab6d19cd" ID-PMC="PMC3807744" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-327-1" ID-PubMed="24167419" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-327-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 327" ModsDocTitle="Two new species and a new subgenus of toothed Brachyhypopomus electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae) from the central Amazon and considerations pertaining to the evolution of a monophasic electric organ discharge" checkinTime="1451246997901" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sullivan, John P., Zuanon, Jansen & Cox Fernandes, Cristina" docDate="2013" docId="FE88AE92B889C14C2F543426FEF4F867" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 327: 1-34" docOrigin="ZooKeys 327" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.327.5427" docTitle="Brachyhypopomus (Odontohypopomus) bennetti Sullivan, Zuanon & Fernandes, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="1F1AC312FF83C56EBC37FFACC540FF95" masterDocTitle="Two new species and a new subgenus of toothed Brachyhypopomus electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae) from the central Amazon and considerations pertaining to the evolution of a monophasic electric organ discharge" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1668156363843" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Two new species and a new subgenus of toothed Brachyhypopomus electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae) from the central Amazon and considerations pertaining to the evolution of a monophasic electric organ discharge</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Sullivan, John P.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Zuanon, Jansen</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Cox Fernandes, Cristina</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>327</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>34</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.327.5427</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.327.5427</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-327-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047382" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20BDF5D2-49FD-4B21-819B-54C4684B9772" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE88AE92B889C14C2F543426FEF4F867" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/20BDF5D2-49FD-4B21-819B-54C4684B9772" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus (Odontohypopomus) bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti" subGenus="Odontohypopomus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">Brachyhypopomus</pageBreakToken>
|
|
(Odontohypopomus) bennetti
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Figs 6, 7, Appendix I; Tables 2, 3
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|
INPA 39560 (ex-8941), tag no. 93-220, 215 mm TL, 176 mm LEA, female, Amazonas, Brazil: floating meadow along side of lake in the
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paracuúba">Paracuuba</normalizedToken>
|
|
, near mouth of Rio Negro and entrance to Lago Janauari, approx. 15 km due south of Manaus,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.21">03°12.6'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-59.99">059°59.40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J.P. Sullivan and J. Zuanon, 23 April 1993.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratypes">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paratypes</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|
(18). Brazil: Amazonas: INPA 39561 (1 cs, tag no. 93-221, 95 mm LEA, damaged), same data as holotype; INPA 39579 (1 alc, tag no. 93-26, 152 mm LEA, damaged), Ilha da Marchantaria, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.2333333">03°14'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-59.983334">059°59'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J.P. Sullivan & J. Zuanon, 5 March 1993; INPA 8862 (2 alc, tag nos. 93-139, 93-163, 152 mm & 162 mm LEA, respectively, damaged),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paracuúba">Paracuuba</normalizedToken>
|
|
near holotype locality, J.P. Sullivan & J. Zuanon, 14 April 1993; INPA 8863 (1 alc, tag no. 93-222, 145 mm LEA, damaged), Lago Janauari &
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paracuúba">Paracuuba</normalizedToken>
|
|
near holotype locality, J.P. Sullivan & J. Zuanon, 24 April 1993; INPA 39578 (1 alc, tag no. 93-54, 153 mm LEA, damaged),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paracuúba">Paracuuba</normalizedToken>
|
|
near holotype locality, J.P. Sullivan & J. Zuanon, 24 March 1993; INPA 39580 (3 alc, 2 damaged: tag nos. 93-112, 93-113, 160 &170 mm LEA
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">respectively</pageBreakToken>
|
|
, 1 intact: tag no. 93-116, 161 mm LEA), same data as for holotype; INPA 8940 (3 alc, all intact, tag nos. 93-137, 93-141, 93-165, 167-171 mm LEA), lake between Janauari and
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.21">03°12.6'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-60.031666">060°01.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J.P. Sullivan & J. Zuanon, 14 April 1993; INPA 39581 (1 alc, tag no. 93-214, 150 mm LEA, intact), same data as previous; ANSP 194034 (1 alc, tag no. JPS-93-44/1, 125 mm LEA, intact), floating grasses directly in front of town of Fonte Boa,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-2.5095">02°30.57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-66.09534">066°05.72'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J.P. Sullivan, 11 November 1993; ANSP 194035 (1 alc, tag no. JPS-93-57/1, 89 mm LEA, intact), Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jutaí">Jutai</normalizedToken>
|
|
near mouth into
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, floating grasses and water hyacinth, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6666667">02°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.666664">066°40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J.P. Sullivan, 16 November 1993; CUMV 97640 (3 alc, 1 intact: tag no. JPS-93-37/1, 98 mm LEA, 2 damaged: tag nos. JPS-93-37/2, JPS-93-37/3, 118 & 75 mm LEA, respectively), Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
|
|
near mouth into
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6666667">02°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.75">065°45'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, floating vegetation, J.P. Sullivan, 8 November 1993.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="non-types">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Non-types.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Bolivia: Beni:
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Beni drainage: CAS 72216 (1 alc, 126 mm LEA), Reyes, 24 mi. NE of Rurrenabaque on the pampas, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.283334">14°17'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.333336">067°20' W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, N.E. Pearson, Mulford Expedition, 15 November 1921; CAS 81631 (1 alc, size n.a.), data
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">same</pageBreakToken>
|
|
as for previous. Brazil: Amazonas: Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
|
drainage: INHS 70542 (5 of 10, alc, 71-162 mm LEA), Ilha da Marchantaria south of Manaus, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.2333333">03°14'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-59.966667">059°58' W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, P. Bayley, 14 March 1978; MCZ 78163 (1 of 8, alc, 98 mm LEA,) Lago Jacaretinga near Manaus, T.J. Zaret et al., 5 November 1979; USNM 306841 (1 alc, 147 mm LEA),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
do Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Januauacá">Januauaca</normalizedToken>
|
|
, entrance to Lago do Castanho, 0-2.1 meters depth, P. Bayley, 30 March 1977; USNM 306859 (1 alc, 72 mm LEA), Lago Terra Preta, Janauari, depth 0-1 meter, P. Bayley, 3 August 1977; USNM 306875 (1 alc, 131 mm LEA), Lago Janauari, near its outflow, depth 0.6-1 meters; USNM 306929 (10 alc, 71-139 mm LEA), Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camaleão">Camaleao</normalizedToken>
|
|
, near Manaus within Ilha da Marchantaria, P. Bayley, 28 March 1977; USNM 306947 (1 alc, 96 mm LEA), collection locality same as for previous, P. Bayley, 29 March 1977; INPA 13569 (2 alc), Iranduba, Ilha da Marchantaria, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camaleão">Camaleao</normalizedToken>
|
|
, P. Petry & R. Sotero, 3 April 1993; INPA 33255 (3 alc), Manaus, Ilha da
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paciência">Paciencia</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-3.2779999">03°16.68'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-60.276333">060°16.58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, L. Rapp Py-Daniel et al., 18 September 2003; INPA 32091 (3 alc), Manaus, Lago do Rei, J.I.S. Botero, 30 June 1998; INPA 6403 (5 alc), Iranduba, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Janauacá">Janauaca</normalizedToken>
|
|
, INPA staff, 12 September 1979; INPA 39563 (4 alc), Coari,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-3.8528333">03°51.17'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-63.468666">063°28.12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, L. Rapp Py-Daniel et al., 13 September 2003; INPA 33270 (3 alc), Fonte Boa, Lago "Ressaca Grande",
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-2.4738333">02°28.43'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-66.15466">066°09.28'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J. Zuanon et al., 8 September 2003; INPA 39562 (5 alc, 54.9-144.1 LEA),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo de
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olivença">Olivenca</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camatiã">Camatia</normalizedToken>
|
|
, comunidade Monte Sinai, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-3.4595">03°27.57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-68.933334">068°56.00'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, L. Rapp Py-Daniel et al., 4 April 2008; ANSP 194026 (4 alc, 65.1-132.6 mm LEA), same data as previous; INPA 18244 (6 alc)
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago Geraldo, Reserva
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
, W.G.R. Crampton, 29 May 1998; INPA 18245 (4 alc),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curuçá">Curuca</normalizedToken>
|
|
Aberto, Reserva
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
, W.G.R. Crampton, 1 June 1998; INPA 18246 (3 alc),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curúça">Curuca</normalizedToken>
|
|
Comprido, Reserva
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
, W.G.R. Crampton, 2 June 1998; INPA 15816 (34), INPA 18241 (1 alc), INPA 18242 (1 alc), INPA 18243 (1 alc), INPA 18348 (1 alc), INPA 18349 (1 alc), INPA 18350 (1 alc), 18351 (2 alc), INPA 18352 (1 alc), INPA 18354 (3 alc),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
system, W.G.R. Crampton, 1 April 1997-18 May 1998; INPA 18355 (3 alc),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago Promessa, W.G.R. Crampton, 19 May 1998; INPA 18357 (3 alc),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curuçá">Curuca</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
system, W.G.R. Crampton, 30 May 1998; INPA 18358 (2 alc),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvarães">Alvaraes</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago Miratinin, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
system, W.G.R. Crampton, 4 June 1998; INPA 18361 (2 alc), Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Apolônio">Apolonio</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
system, W.G.R. Crampton, 1 July 1999; INPA 18362 (1 alc), Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Secretária">Secretaria</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Lago
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamirauá">Mamiraua</normalizedToken>
|
|
system, W.G.R. Crampton, 9 June 2000; INPA 33196 (1 alc), Tabatinga, Comunidade Palmares,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-3.9648333">03°57.89'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-69.3365">069°20.19'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J. Zuanon et al., 2 September 2003. Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jutaí">Jutai</normalizedToken>
|
|
drainage: INPA 33187 (3 alc), Ressaca do Luizinho,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-2.7163334">02°42.98'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-66.803665">066°48.22'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J. Zuanon et al., 6 September 2003.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
|
: Rio Amazonas drainage: INPA 39564 (1 alc), Almeirim, Comunidade Paranaguara,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-1.7413332">01°44.48'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-53.170834">053°10.25'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, J. Zuanon et al., 5 October 2003. Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapajós">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
|
drainage: INPA 39518 (1 alc), Belterra,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
|
|
do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Índio">Indio</normalizedToken>
|
|
near mouth to Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapajós">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6666667">02°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-54.966667">054°58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, F.R. Ribeiro, 26 December 2008. Colombia: Amazonas:
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Amazonas drainage: FMNH 85363 (38 alc, 67-153 mm LEA),
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Amazonas 2-3 miles upstream of Leticia, approx.
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.0833335">04°05'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.05">070°03'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, Na
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">varro</pageBreakToken>
|
|
, Thomerson et al., 13 November 1973; USNM 216870 (1 alc, 110 mm LEA), Leticia, D. Kramer, 4 December 1974. Ecuador: Napo:
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Napo drainage: FMNH 102270 (2 alc, 56 & 110 mm LEA), Laguna de Limoncocha, D. Stewart et al., 4 Oc
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">tober</pageBreakToken>
|
|
1981. Peru: Loreto:
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Ucayali drainage: AMNH 78060 (7 of 14, alc, 81-101 mm LEA), several sites along 10 km stretch, Ferraris, Montrevil et al., 7 July 1987.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus (Odontohypopomus) bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti" subGenus="Odontohypopomus">Brachyhypopomus (Odontohypopomus) bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. is diagnosed by two character states in addition to those used to diagnose the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Odontohypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontohypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontohypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
above: (1) electric organ along caudal filament and along body above anal fin exceedingly deep and visible as large semi-translucent area, occupying approximately 14-17% body depth directly posterior to abdominal cavity; (2) monophasic, head-positive EOD, approximately 2.1 milliseconds in duration in both sexes at 25°C. The appearance of the electric organ in this species when backlit (Fig. 8) is significantly larger than in any other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. No other described
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a monophasic EOD waveform.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
This species can be distinguished from the similar
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. by a longer body (depth gradually tapers posteriorly: depth of body at 40th post-abdominal vertebra 46-57% vs. 36-41% of depth at first abdominal vertebra vs. in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
), more numerous anal fin rays (227-255 vs. 198-216 in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
), a deeper electric organ along the body and a short, deep caudal filament (10-19% of LEA vs. 20-32% of LEA in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
) with six bilateral columns of electrocytes at its base (vs. three or four columns in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.). Subcutaneous pigment suggestive of a teardrop below eye is usually less conspicuous than in the sister species
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n., although often present. The EOD waveform of B bennetti sp. n. is monophasic in contrast to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
's biphasic EOD waveform.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. tends to be less darkly pigmented and more translucent and yellowish in life than
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Morphometric and meristic data are presented in Tables 2-4. A
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Brachyhypopomus</pageBreakToken>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of moderate adult size for a hypopomid; largest specimen examined measures 232 mm TL, 189 mm LEA. Body very long and compressed, depth at posterior end of abdominal cavity 2.6 to 2.9 times body width. Body more compressed posteriorly, but sides of body with only slight curvature posterior to abdominal cavity. Dorsal profile gently convex. Depth gradually tapers posteriorly: depth of body at 40th post-abdominal vertebra 46-57% of depth at first abdominal vertebra. Head short in comparison to body length, deep and wide: HL 10.3-12.3% LEA, head depth at occiput 76-80% HL, head width at opercle 58-65% HL. Head triangular in lateral view: dorsal profile of head straight from occiput to point of downturn of snout, ventral profile of head straight from lower jaw to opercular area with little if any concavity between opercular area and tip of lower jaw. Eye moderate in size, 11-14% HL. Mouth small, terminal, jaws equal, gape 21-26% HL. Closed lips meet ventral to a horizontal through ventral margin of eye. One or more small needle-like conical teeth present on each premaxilla. This feature is variable, in one case observed only unilaterally. Lower jaw edentate. Maxilla moderate in length, thin, with slight curvature. Snout length moderate, 26-30% HL, edge of upper lip close to farthest anterior extent of snout. Posterior nostril particularly small and close to eye: posterior naris-eye 2.3-4.3% HL. Lateral ethmoids present. Round ossification present in anterior of palatine cartilage. Infraorbital portion of cephalic lateralis system incomplete, lacking recurrent anterodorsal segment and associated pores beneath and anterior to the posterior nares present in most other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see fig. 53 in
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sullivan, JP" journalOrPublisher="Duke University, Durham, North Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" title="A phylogenetic study of the Neotropical hypopomid electric fishes (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyoidea)." url="http://bit.ly/Z3Lt76" year="1997">Sullivan 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); fourth supraorbital pore lying near vertical through posterior nostril, pores inconspicuous. Preopercular lateral-line canal embedded in preopercle, canals radiating out to pores. Pores of lateral-line canal immediately behind head without downward pointing tubes. Discernible lateral scales terminate along caudal filament. Five branchiostegal rays, medialmost two thin compared to outer three, blades oriented nearly vertically. Gill rakers robust for genus, some with weakly ossified cores, on anterior faces of first four gill arches. Rakers subtended on ceratohyals 1-4 by small trough-shaped ossicles. Approximately 50 gill filaments on arch one. Three pectoral radials, with partial fusion of all three at proximal end. Mesocoracoid bridge absent. Pectoral fin broad, robust, 14-17 branched plus unbranched rays, length 5.4-7.5% LEA. Anal-fin rays 227-255, length 4.0-4.5% LEA. Precaudal vertebrae 13-15, a high proportion of specimens show signs of damage and regeneration above anal fin terminus. As many as 72 caudal vertebrae in advance of regenerated portion of caudal filament. Body excluding head and fins covered with thin cycloid scales, small dorsally, larger posterolaterally, partially obscured by skin. Twelve scale rows above, 16 scale rows below lateral line at farthest extent of pectoral fin. Anal-fin origin near vertical through midpoint of extended pectoral fin. Caudal filaments short in intact mature specimens: 10-19% TL. Sexual dimorphism of caudal filaments not noted. Six columns of electrocytes at base of caudal filament, number of columns reduce to three or two along length of filament; 22-35 rows of electrocytes. Electrocytes do not extend anterior to base of urogenital pore. No accessory electric organs on head or humeral region.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
Figure 6. Holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
, INPA 39560 (TL 215 mm, LEA 171 mm), female,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paracuúba">Paracuuba</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Amazonas, Brazil. Preserved whole specimen shown above close-up view of specimen immediately post-mortem. Scale bars equals 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
Figure 7. Paratypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A Paratype tag no. 93-214 from INPA 39581 (TL 175 mm, LEA 150 mm), female, Lago Janauari, Amazonas, Brazil B Paratype tag no. 93-137, INPA 8940 (TL 190 mm, LEA 167 mm), Lago Janauari. Preserved whole specimens shown above close-up views of specimens immediately post-mortem. Scale bars equal 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
Table 2. Summary of morphometric measurements for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (included are holotype and nine paratypes, identified from radiographs as undamaged at anal-fin terminus).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<table pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Measurement</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">holotype</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">range</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">mean</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">S.D.</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">N</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Proportion of LEA (%)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Proportion of HL (%)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
Table 3. Anal-fin ray counts of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (holotypes and paratypes) compared to seven other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species; modal values highlighted.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<table pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">170-179</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">180-189</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">190-199</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">200-209</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">210-219</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">220-229</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">230-239</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">240-249</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">250-259</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">260-269</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">270-279</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus brevirostris" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">Brachyhypopomus brevirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bullocki" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bullocki">Brachyhypopomus bullocki</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus beebei" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beebei">Brachyhypopomus beebei</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinnicaudatus">Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus occidentalis" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Brachyhypopomus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus occidentalis" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Brachyhypopomus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus diazi" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diazi">Brachyhypopomus diazi</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus janeiroensis" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="janeiroensis">Brachyhypopomus janeiroensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
Table 4. Precaudal vertebrae counts of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (holotypes and paratypes) compared to seven other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species; modal values highlighted.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<table pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">11</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">12</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">13</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">14</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">15</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">16</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">17</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">18</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus brevirostris" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">Brachyhypopomus brevirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bullocki" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bullocki">Brachyhypopomus bullocki</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus beebei" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beebei">Brachyhypopomus beebei</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinnicaudatus">Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">20</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus occidentalis" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Brachyhypopomus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus cf subsp. occidentalis" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cf" subSpecies="occidentalis">Brachyhypopomus cf. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus diazi" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diazi">Brachyhypopomus diazi</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">31</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus janeiroensis" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="janeiroensis">Brachyhypopomus janeiroensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="electric organ discharge">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Electric organ discharge.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">The EOD has a simple, head-positive monophasic waveform with a total duration 1.9-2.4 milliseconds at 25°C (Fig. 2). No sexual dimorphism has been observed. Resting EOD rate is very slow (2.0-8.9 Hz, mean 4.7 Hz, median 4.9 Hz, at 21-25° C, n=31). See Appendix III.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="coloration">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coloration.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Background color yellowish-tan in life, brownish-tan in preservation. Pigmentation variable: poorly to moderately developed irregular bands along sides, darker and wide above lateral line, often with a spot of darker intensity on lateral line itself. Bands either restricted to anterior portion of body above lateral line or connected to fainter bands below. Some bands connect to 8-12 irregular saddles across dorsum. Saddles more regular in smaller individuals. Dorsal rami of the anterior lateral line nerve visible when viewed from above as two thin, dark parallel lines running along upper back beginning a short distance behind head and continuing to mid-point of the back. Cheeks, underside of head and sides of body below lateral line peppered with prominent dark brown stellate chromatophores that greatly contrast with background color of skin and that do not form part of a larger pattern. Pectoral and anal fins with irregular brown pigment along rays, interradial membranes hyaline.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
See distribution map, Fig. 5.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus bennetti" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">Brachyhypopomus bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. is known only from Amazon Basin where it appears to be common in floating meadow habitats on the margins of the Amazonas/
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
|
River and its tributaries. Its distribution and habitat preference seems very similar to that of its sister species,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus walteri" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walteri">Brachyhypopomus walteri</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n., with which it is often collected.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
This species is named for Michael V.L. Bennett of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, in honor of his pioneering work on electric fish neurophysiology.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bennett, MVL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="458 - 509" title="Modes of operation of electric organs." url="10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb35555.x" volume="94" year="1961">Bennett (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bennett, MVL" editor="Hoar, WS" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="347 - 491" title="Electric organs." volumeTitle="Fish Physiology Volume 5" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) reported studying a
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachyhypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(therein
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Hypopomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypopomus" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
) with a monophasic EOD likely to have been this species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |