240 lines
25 KiB
XML
240 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="B742F9D7BA697C85E0B4B8D641712018" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3750.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cfba21cd-2767-4e6c-bb62-7db6a118917f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218984" ID-ZooBank="51C59B89-D7A1-4650-BDA0-D16F9E52E4EC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460709806706" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tantawi, Tarek I. & Sinclair, Bradley J." docDate="2013" docId="364687E33B7A5800609CBD9AFC5AFCC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03750p250.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3750 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cochliomyia Townsend" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="CA7FFF9B3B7E5807600BBB51FFA0FFFE" masterDocTitle="An update of the blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of the Galápagos Islands, and first record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) from mainland Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="250" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1698357781551" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8E7F2CD3BF3EDB06D73434A6B17050E6">
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<mods:title id="F611818468C361488AC1023607EB1EEF">An update of the blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of the Galápagos Islands, and first record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) from mainland Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="34BF47E10402E2B9D377D420F1226320">Tantawi, Tarek I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="339A7B3DA8BB5312642941DFBAE861FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4F4AA6862A7056251798060E4BB59C8E">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="275A8E1DCB5E75D68D6E174BB727A7E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="87FD46B558D88723AF16CE605F806823">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A04D93B34CED8707F7085B6477029633">
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<mods:date id="99E366554CEED1EFA24E04B04625927B">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6E1208922222D4BE390DAEC4272C9685" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E840D5D9618827B0AC87689309B10E3C">3750</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5F8E5B839F07ADFE1A83303C0FC91075" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="78F685C18E9F539C4BF746F8C487FA2B">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="00C6A10C4FF98F0C29D79AFB1FF8DA9B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="24D87AFA8F89FB8D3E43F6A5EFFF1B13" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3750.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7A4FB25327FB8C2509B23DE82FA3582E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A72B13200091146E486612795662C13F" type="Zenodo-Dep">218984</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="364687E33B7A5800609CBD9AFC5AFCC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119584788" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:364687E33B7A5800609CBD9AFC5AFCC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/364687E33B7A5800609CBD9AFC5AFCC6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
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<subSubSection id="F6F5657E3B7A5800609CBD9AFC5AFCC6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B7A5803609CBD9AFE15F91B" blockId="4.[151,437,1739,1765]" box="[151,437,1739,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="E51881993B7A5803609CBD9AFE15F91B" bold="true" box="[151,437,1739,1765]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7A5803609CBD9AFE15F91B" ID-CoL="3RPD" ID-ENA="66360" authority="Townsend" authorityName="Townsend" box="[151,437,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A5803609CBD9AFE15F91B" bold="true" box="[151,437,1739,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A5803609CBD9AFE90F91B" bold="true" box="[151,304,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Cochliomyia</emphasis>
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Townsend
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B7A5803609CBC42FD9DF845" blockId="4.[151,1436,1810,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
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In this study, we consider the secondary screwworm fly
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7A58036307BC43FBBBF8D4" box="[780,1051,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macellaria">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A58036307BC43FBBBF8D4" box="[780,1051,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Cochliomyia macellaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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native (not an introduced species) to the Galápagos Islands because this species was first collected with
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7A580363BFBC66FBBCF8B0" box="[948,1052,1847,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pionia">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A580363BFBC66FBBCF8B0" box="[948,1052,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">L. pionia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Darwin in 1835 (James 1966) and it is a member of the native species composition of carrion calliphorids in the Neotropical Region (James 1970; Dear 1985). However, James (1966), Peck
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A5803628BBC2EFD13F868" box="[640,691,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">et al</emphasis>
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. (1998) and Causton
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A580363A1BC2EFC7CF868" box="[938,988,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006) have labeled
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7A580364DFBC2FFADEF868" box="[1236,1406,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macellaria">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7A580364DFBC2FFADEF868" box="[1236,1406,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Co. macellaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in their studies as an introduced species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EA90667D3B7B5802609CBC51FDAEF86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" targetBox="[151,1436,239,1734]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B7B5802609CBC51FDAEF86F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1792,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7B5802609CBC51FEB2F8E8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1792,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7B58026112BC51FE08F8E8" box="[281,424,1792,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pionia">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7B58026112BC51FE08F8E8" box="[281,424,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Lucilia pionia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A. Head, female (Fernandina), anterolateral view showing strong head protrusion. B. Head, female (Santa Cruz), anterolateral view showing weaker head protrusion. C. Head, male (Santa Cruz), lateral view. D. Head, male (Santiago), anterolateral view showing strong head protrusion. E. Head, male (Santa Cruz), anterolateral view showing weaker head protrusion. F. Head, male (Santa Cruz), anterior view. G–H. Male terminalia (Santa Cruz). G. Posterior view. H. Lateral view. I. Male sternite 5 (Santa Cruz).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="EA90667D3B785801609CBE27FF5AFA34" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" targetBox="[151,1434,193,1376]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B785801609CBE27FF5AFA34" blockId="6.[151,1437,1398,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801609CBE27FEB3FA72" bold="true" box="[151,275,1398,1420]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7858016110BE27FEC3FA72" box="[283,355,1398,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016110BE27FEC3FA72" box="[283,355,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Lucilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. near
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B78580161CBBE29FDA0FA73" box="[448,512,1400,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pionia">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580161CBBE29FDA0FA73" box="[448,512,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">pionia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Española Island). A. Head, female, anterolateral view. B. Head, male, anterolateral view. C. Head, male lateral view. D. Head, male, anterior view. E–F. Male terminalia. E. Posterior view. F. Lateral view. G. Male sternite 5.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B785801609CBD4BFDAAF9CD" blockId="6.[151,522,1562,1587]" box="[151,522,1562,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B785801609CBD4BFDAAF9CD" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[151,522,1562,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801609CBD4BFDAAF9CD" bold="true" box="[151,522,1562,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801609CBD4BFEBAF9CD" bold="true" box="[151,282,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Chrysomya</emphasis>
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Robineau-Desvoidy
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B785801609CBD33FB29F8D0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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The hairy maggot blow fly
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B78580161C5BD32FD12F985" box="[462,690,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580161C5BD32FD12F985" box="[462,690,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Chrysomya albiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the Oriental latrine blow fly
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7858016425BD32FB52F985" box="[1070,1266,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016425BD32FB52F985" box="[1070,1266,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Ch. megacephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are introduced species to the Galápagos Islands, which were first collected in the Galápagos in 1989 (Peck
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016495BDD6FB6EF960" box="[1182,1230,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. 1998, where first record of
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B785801610EBDFAFE32F93D" box="[261,402,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801610EBDFAFE32F93D" box="[261,402,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Ch. albiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was incorrectly cited as 1985). In the same year or earlier, Olsen
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016475BDFAFB10F93D" box="[1150,1200,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. (1992) recorded for the first time
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7858016148BD9FFDAEF918" box="[323,526,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016148BD9FFDAEF918" box="[323,526,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Ch. megacephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Ecuadorian mainland. These two species along with
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7858016518BD9FFEDBF8F5" authority="Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putoria">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016518BD9FFA3CF918" box="[1299,1436,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Ch. putoria</emphasis>
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(Wiedemann, 1830)
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</taxonomicName>
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were introduced from the Old World and first recorded in southern
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<collectingCountry id="C6F876653B78580164A7BDA3FB50F8F5" box="[1196,1264,1778,1803]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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in
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<date id="CA5110353B7858016515BDA3FA3CF8F5" box="[1310,1436,1778,1803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1975" valueMax="1977">1975–1977</date>
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(Guimarães
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801612BBC46FEF2F8D0" box="[288,338,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. 1978, 1979), and since then have become widespread in South
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<collectingCountry id="C6F876653B785801642ABC47FB21F8D1" box="[1057,1153,1814,1839]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B78580160CCBC6AFA3CF81D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B78580160CCBC6AFE0CF8AD" box="[199,428,1851,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580160CCBC6AFE0CF8AD" box="[199,428,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Chrysomya albiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B78580161EDBC6AFD0CF8AD" box="[486,684,1851,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580161EDBC6AFD0CF8AD" box="[486,684,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Ch. megacephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are well known to breed in carrion (Vasconcelos & Araujo 2012; Moretti & Godoy 2013), and both species are of forensic and medical importance (Zumpt 1965; Greenberg 1971; Guimarães
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801611CBCD2FEE8F865" box="[279,328,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. 1983; Smith 1986; Olsen
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B785801628ABCD2FD12F865" box="[641,690,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. 1993; Mavarez-Cardozo
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580163D1BCD2FBAAF865" box="[986,1034,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005; Ferraz
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580164BBBCD2FB41F865" box="[1200,1249,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011). Because third-instar larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7858016186BCF7FDBCF840" box="[397,540,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7858016186BCF7FDBCF840" box="[397,540,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Ch. albiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are facultative predators on larvae of other necrophagous flies (Zumpt 1965; Faria
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<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B78580160D0BC9AFEAEF81D" box="[219,270,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al</emphasis>
|
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. 2004), this behavior may have a negative effect on the native fly species in the Galápagos Islands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE5036F53B795800609CBBC6FDE6FDE6" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
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Laboratory studies have shown that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7958006224BBC9FD1BFF4E" box="[559,699,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7958006224BBC9FD1BFF4E" box="[559,699,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ch. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can dramatically lower the abundance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B795800649FBBC9FA9DFF4E" box="[1172,1341,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macellaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B795800649FBBC9FA9DFF4E" box="[1172,1341,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Co. macellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B795800657FBBC9FE8CFF2A" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B795800657FBBC9FE8CFF2A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ch. megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6F876653B7958006192BBEDFE59FF2B" box="[409,505,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Aguiar-Coelho & Milward-de-Azevedo 1995; Aguiar-Coelho
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B79580064C9BBECFB54FF2A" box="[1218,1268,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995; Rosa
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7958006583BBECFF0DFF06" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7958006102BBB1FDD9FF06" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[265,633,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufifaces">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7958006102BBB1FE51FF06" box="[265,497,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Chrysomya rufifaces</emphasis>
|
||
(Macquart)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species which also has the same predatory behaviour as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7958006502BBB1FA35FF06" box="[1289,1429,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7958006502BBB1FA35FF06" box="[1289,1429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ch. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, could significantly reduce the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B795800629DBA55FC9EFEE2" box="[662,830,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macellaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B795800629DBA55FC9EFEE2" box="[662,830,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Co. macellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in carrion wherever the two species coexist (Wells & Greenberg 1992a, b). In a major survey of human cases of wound myiasis in Goiás State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6F876653B7958006499BA76FB79FEBE" box="[1170,1241,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, during
|
||
<date id="CA5110353B795800653CBA76FF6EFE9B" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2005-02">February 2005</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="CA5110353B79580060D6BA1DFED0FE9B" box="[221,368,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2006-08">August 2006</date>
|
||
, Fernandes
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B79580061FDBA1CFD88FE9A" box="[502,552,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009) did not record a single case involving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7958006433BA1DFB40FE9A" box="[1080,1248,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macellaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7958006433BA1DFB40FE9A" box="[1080,1248,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Co. macellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They attributed this to the ongoing dramatic decrease in the populations of this native Neotropical species resulting from competition with introduced Old World species, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7958006336BAC5FC6BFE52" box="[829,971,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B7958006336BAC5FC6BFE52" box="[829,971,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ch. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Results of a study on the abundance of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B7958006104BAE6FE07FE2E" box="[271,423,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of public health and forensic importance in the Tinguá Biological Reserve, Nova Iguaçu, R.J.,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6F876653B79580060DDBA8DFEBAFE0B" box="[214,282,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
during
|
||
<date id="CA5110353B7958006175BA8DFDA9FE0B" box="[382,521,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="1995-03">March 1995</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="CA5110353B7958006213BA8DFD65FE0B" box="[536,709,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="1996-02">February 1996</date>
|
||
strongly suggest the displacement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B795800649BBA8DFA9EFE0A" box="[1168,1342,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Cochliomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macellaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B795800649BBA8DFA9EFE0A" box="[1168,1342,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Co. macellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EF4D763B795800657FBA8DFF54FDE6" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B795800657FBA8DFF54FDE6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ch. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Batista-da-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B79580061CBB950FE51FDE6" box="[448,497,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE5036F53B79580060CCB974FC5AFCC6" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Because carrion fly communities are primarily structured by competition (Norris 1965; Kneidel 1984; Hanski 1987), future field studies on carrion calliphorids in the Galápagos Islands should explore the biological and ecological interactions between introduced and endemic species (see Hanski (1977) for the Canary Islands and Sinclair (2009) for the Galápagos Islands). It should be borne in mind that small isolated islands are characterized by a lower species richness of carrion flies due to fierce interspecific competition (Hanski 1977). In contrast, a higher species richness can be found on large islands and the mainland, where competition among different fly species may be alleviated mainly by differences in habitats (Lane 1975; Martin-Vega & Baz 2013) and seasonality (Tantawi
|
||
<emphasis id="8C9BEAE73B795800610AB870FE92FCC6" box="[257,306,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996; Martin-Vega & Baz 2013), thus facilitating coexistence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |