228 lines
17 KiB
XML
228 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.6004" ID-PMC="PMC3881348" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-29-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1D50FFB28D558455FFD9FFD4FF96FFFA" ID-PubMed="24399896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576182" ModsDocID="1314-2003-29-75" checkinTime="1451251807655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Levin, Geoffrey A." docDate="2013" docId="924FE8BAE283DD98CBD1E7B1FA7618DC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 29: 75-87" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 29" docPubDate="2013-11-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.6004" docTitle="Drypetes asymmetricarpa G. A. Levin 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="1D50FFB28D558455FFD9FFD4FF96FFFA" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="1D50FFB28D558455FFD9FFD4FF96FFFA" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the New World species of Drypetes section Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) with asymmetrical fruits, including description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668140962603" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A synopsis of the New World species of Drypetes section Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) with asymmetrical fruits, including description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Levin, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-11-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>87</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.6004</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.6004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-29-75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1D50FFB28D558455FFD9FFD4FF96FFFA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576182</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:924FE8BAE283DD98CBD1E7B1FA7618DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/924FE8BAE283DD98CBD1E7B1FA7618DC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="924FE8BA-E283-DD98-CBD1-E7B1FA7618DC" authority="G. A. Levin" authorityName="G. A. Levin" authorityYear="2013" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Drypetes asymmetricarpa" order="Geraniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="asymmetricarpa" status="sp. nov.">Drypetes asymmetricarpa G. A. Levin</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drypetes asymmetricarpa. A Fruiting branch (detail of venation) B Immature fruit C Staminate inflorescence D Staminate flower. (A-B from Grayum 6614, MO; C-D from Harmon 41, MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10476" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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Differs from the other New World
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Drypetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species withasymmetrical fruits by its longer fruiting pedicels [(8-)10-15 mm vs. 4-10 mm]; also differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Drypetes alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its larger fruits [12-18 mm vs. 9-10(-13) mm], and from
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gentryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Drypetes gentryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having shorter staminate pedicels (5-8 mm vs. 7-14 mm) and stigmas borne on styles (vs. being sessile).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Cove at NE base of peninsula, Punta Quepos (3 km S of Puerto Quepos),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.4">9°24'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.166664">84°10'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 0 m, 8 Mar 1986 (fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">M. H. Grayum 6614</emphasis>
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(holotype: MO, isotypes: CR n.v., F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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Trees 6-20 m, to 35 cm dbh; bark with longitudinal fissures; branches brown when young, becoming gray, glabrous or sparsely minutely puberulent with spreading hairs. Leaves: stipules 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5 mm, deltate, puberulent; petiole 3-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-1 mm, glabrous; blade elliptic to lanceolate, straight or somewhat curved, 4-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-4.5 cm, base asymmetrical, acute, margins entire or minutely crenulate-serrulate, often undulate, apex attenuate, surfaces glabrous, 2° veins 6-9/side. Inflorescences axillary fascicles; staminate 25-40-flowered, bracts 0.5 mm, puberulent, pedicels 5-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2 mm, glabrous; pistillate (known only in fruit) 2-6-flowered, bracts 0.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.25 mm, deltate, puberulent, pedicels (8-)10-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.8 mm, glabrous. Staminate flowers: sepals 5-6, narrowly triangular to narrowly lanceolate, 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3 mm, spreading and slightly incurved at apex, apex acute, margins ciliate, abaxial surface glabrous except puberulent at apex, adaxial surface densely to sparsely puberulent; stamens 5(-6), irregularly alternate and opposite sepals, filaments 1.5-2 mm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1 mm, glabrous, anthers 0.4-0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.5 mm, glabrous, latrorse; disc lobed between stamens, densely puberulent. Pistillate flowers unknown, but remnant sepals (below fruits) ovate-elliptic, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6 mm, apex acute and slightly incurved, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial surface densely puberulent; disc annular, densely puberulent; ovary unknown; style becoming subapical during fruit development, 0.5 mm; stigma subreniform, 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1 mm, glabrous. Drupes (immature) green, 1-carpellate, ovoid-globose, 12-18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-8 mm, apex strongly asymmetrical, sparsely to densely puberulent with very short hairs (0.1 mm). Seed 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="82" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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The specific epithet refers to the strongly asymmetrical drupes, which are unique among Central American
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Drypetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Known only from Costa Rica, where it is found from the north central part of the country to the central west coast. It may also be expected in extreme southern Nicaragua.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Forests at elevations from sea level to 750 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Flowering January (possibly longer, but only a single flowering specimen known). Fruiting March to June (possibly longer as only immature fruits are known).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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Probably of Least Concern. The range of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. A. Levin" authorityYear="2013" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="asymmetricarpa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Drypetes asymmetricarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spans at least 200 km. Although its habitat is highly fragmented, the species is found in Manuel Antonio National Park and near both Guanacaste and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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de la Vieja national parks.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. A. Levin" authorityYear="2013" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="asymmetricarpa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Drypetes asymmetricarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was listed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Burger, W" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refId="B2" refString="Burger, W, Huft, M, 1995. Flora Costaricensis, Family 113. Euphorbiaceae. Fieldiana, Botany, ns 36: 1-169. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20358." title="Flora Costaricensis, Family 113. Euphorbiaceae. Fieldiana, Botany, ns 36: 1 - 169. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 20358" year="1995">Burger and Huft (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Drypetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. aff.
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Drypetes alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez, J" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" pagination="290 - 394" refId="B3" refString="Gonzalez, J, 2010. Euphorbiaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, vol. V. Dicotiledoneas (Clusiaceae - Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 290 - 394" title="Euphorbiaceae." volume="119" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, vol. V. Dicotiledoneas (Clusiaceae - Gunneraceae)." year="2010">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
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(2010)
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</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Drypetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1 and sp. 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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All the pistillate specimens studied have immature fruits, so their full size and color at maturity are unknown. The label on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Hammel & Trainer 17046</emphasis>
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, with fruits 9-11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-7 mm, says "fruits ca. 1/3 full size," but based on my experience with other species I suspect this overestimates the mature size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">COSTA RICA. Alajuela:</emphasis>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
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de Upala, Distrito Dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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, 7.5 km NE of town, between La Jabalina and the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Cucaracho,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.933333">10°56'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="85" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.316666">85°19'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 325 m, 4 Apr 1988 (fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Herrera 1693</emphasis>
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(F, ILLS, MO);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Puntarenas:</emphasis>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
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de Puntarenas, Distrito Monteverde, San Luis, finca de Chepe Rojas, al oeste del pueblo,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.266666">10°16'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.833336">84°50'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 750 m, 24 Jun 1988 (fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Bello et al. 35</emphasis>
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(F, ILLS, MO),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Bello et al. 58</emphasis>
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(F, ILLS, MO); Monteverde area from Santa Elena to San Luis,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.266666">10°16'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.833336">84°50'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, 16 Jun 1988 (fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Hammel & Trainer 17046</emphasis>
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(F, ILLS, MO); Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Playa Espadilla Sur.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.4">9°24'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.166664">84°10'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1-100 m. 2 Jan 1990 (♂ fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Harmon 41</emphasis>
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(MO).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |