263 lines
30 KiB
XML
263 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="6028FD6C9F1C3C3BDA3E46D82B776219" ID-CLB-Dataset="35214" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587" ID-GBIF-Dataset="769a955d-d535-4402-86fb-884b3c123298" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-15-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-4049-15-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 15" ModsDocTitle="New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data" checkinTime="1473366568713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barge, Edward G. & Cripps, Cathy L." docDate="2016" docId="C494A152FB9A48067C711C5AE06644DE" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 15: 1-58" docOrigin="MycoKeys 15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587" docTitle="Lactarius badiosanguineus Kuehner & Romagn." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFD1F118FFEC24262B7BCF2E5547923D" masterDocTitle="New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1732683592348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7EBFEA9CE2B72BCE3BCC6199F84506F1">New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E1BD3DD66D7BFA7E2D8373ACD2BAAD1">Barge, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0FB38A9309681396FDCB81C3C0C65956">Cripps, Cathy L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0C05350675B1648739D7199B127250FE">MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="132DF0043D3D7D370A8DB2949C193935">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4826C4F70FECA5FD035739FE748E0C96">15</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="839C32EFE6D231435BD3AB828646C7DF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7A6F8FEA4885ED937D01204F4F2A310B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-15-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C494A152FB9A48067C711C5AE06644DE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C494A152FB9A48067C711C5AE06644DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C494A152FB9A48067C711C5AE06644DE" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="C43695200CBF6B491672789A43B84E8E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="3D1150785188450FFC01D34473A00D62" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Taxon classification Fungi Russulales Russulaceae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="000113FF46644B27F8F98662DDBB9720" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7CB4640176C8E99B6BDA7DD4E25C593A" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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21.
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<taxonomicName id="CE4D30928BEF6BF1AD56E99EEF43CD59" ID-CoL="3RRN5" authority="Kuehner & Romagn." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">
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Lactarius badiosanguineus
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<normalizedToken id="8A3BF0E0C65E11395AB3CE3704E9E688" originalValue="Kühner">Kuehner</normalizedToken>
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& Romagn.
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</taxonomicName>
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Figure 23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C06993199881494392AEBEA8D9886331" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="67CAE0E763B212FC23036244AB4819B5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C2E87EBAFAB9E4570A00FCE689CE7FA0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Pileus 15-70 mm in diameter, broadly convex to
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<normalizedToken id="6EB090C09DD3BC6848C21B9796F0D3C6" originalValue="depressed–convex">depressed-convex</normalizedToken>
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to broadly infundibuliform,
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<normalizedToken id="E7F0BD9E9A71B2CBD717473C08A3EA95" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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umbonate, subviscid to dry, smooth to
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<normalizedToken id="C219553F031AB2FAFF3F032348BE278E" originalValue="wrinkled–veined">wrinkled-veined</normalizedToken>
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, typically darker when young, liver colored to deep scarlet red to
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<normalizedToken id="D5A58DB3333BEDE319B46895C466262C" originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
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to
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<normalizedToken id="1DCB50792B75C2A9C2AD930E8B2BC58B" originalValue="orange–brown">orange-brown</normalizedToken>
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to dingy orange, conspicuously lighter (to
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<normalizedToken id="A85B1CF3134170341D5EDD31B0B92207" originalValue="yellow–orange">yellow-orange</normalizedToken>
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) toward the margin in age; margin
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<normalizedToken id="6FAFB515B1EA8027AFD07A65BC5D82D7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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striate when wet, slightly incurved to straight when young, remaining straight or becoming slightly wavy in age. Lamellae subdecurrent, crowded to subdistant, cream to creamy yellow to pale tan to pale
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<normalizedToken id="CBA889405BE0305D244D0234435C209C" originalValue="orange–tan">orange-tan</normalizedToken>
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. Stipe 20-70
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<normalizedToken id="E450B8FACB3EC3D3896FEC6A5046AA8C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-13 mm, equal to slightly clavate, smooth, dry, faintly
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<normalizedToken id="5440408945E6D31109A0B50E6C7E9E0D" originalValue="white–pruinose">white-pruinose</normalizedToken>
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when young, dingy orange to
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<normalizedToken id="33B2C3F3957813F363F82E20971C2C09" originalValue="red–orange">red-orange</normalizedToken>
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, solid, becoming hollow. Context pale tan to
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<normalizedToken id="4388D4E5355AEAB931E5F398C5F53B53" originalValue="red–orange">red-orange</normalizedToken>
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. Latex scarce to abundant, white, unchanging. Odor mild. Taste mild to slightly bitter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8578E4A87DA4CEB9BFB674D1450872F1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Basidiospores 7-9.5
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<normalizedToken id="AE55CB213BB629C872A9E486F063ADFB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-8
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<normalizedToken id="F7EA24F4BC454CB757F0BD25271B9374" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, Q = 1.1-1.4, subglobose to ellipsoid; ornamentation forming a broken to nearly complete reticulum. Pleuromacrocystidia 40-90
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<normalizedToken id="5AB073EF40788CB0723CD85EB495B935" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-10
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<normalizedToken id="D5CB9CC1824C079215640D878EA8348A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, scattered to numerous, subfusiform; apex obtuse to broadly acute. Cheilomacrocystidia 20-50
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<normalizedToken id="5FB582483D11ABE1F6F0F64238D8A4CA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-9
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<normalizedToken id="7B80EDDFC9EB51935E0A99F4D7BFB58A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, scattered to numerous, subfusiform; apex obtuse to broadly acute.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="720E3E9EDE0CADECF6249D1C92F98AE9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="0C9BB5B9A5E2C7164C21CE8033944416" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31060DDF4F934B1CD2DBA6ECFC688A57" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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In Eurasia and North America with
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<taxonomicName id="BAD40C822C7C818132E904BF692205D2" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
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. In the GYE, this species occurs in moist areas and along streams (although it can also occur on drier upland sites) in the montane spruce-fir zone, possibly always in the presence of
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<taxonomicName id="784DEBD76B4198CAF9FD79CC885C74CA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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, summer to fall.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8F2F663E74DEF38B6C5B26F0AF0EC461" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F12C9FA955FE981623B85123A4BF8844" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EAA8FCC31C4B21BEE82F72BB8167249A" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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U.S.A. MONTANA: Gallatin County, Gallatin Range, East Fork Hyalite Creek, under
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<taxonomicName id="EB5EE5A612CB7C1D63D9D11DE9158A90" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A271DFEB7ECD9EFF9BB19D92BF288AAD" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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, 25 Sept 2013, EB200-13 (MONT); under
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<taxonomicName id="11F241AD8C6F95A2E3A3B8D58F78FD46" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C060BBE0039B78DE96912E0779CE3B4A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A61F3C696E649BCB0392B7DD714CE80D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus contorta" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">Pinus contorta</taxonomicName>
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, 24 Aug 2014, EB0062-14 (MONT); Madison County, Tobacco Root Mountains, Branham Lakes, under
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<taxonomicName id="4D6518DBB90625DF1876F21CB2F07116" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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; 1 Sept 2014, EB0069-14 (MONT); Sweet Grass County, Crazy Mountains, Big Timber Creek, under
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<taxonomicName id="7814B23A431B236EDCC492B41FC5FAC6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3A8A98DE40FD836E8C28917039C410D8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
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, 1 Aug 2015, EB094-15 (MONT).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BA6977628C69B9A15F51652DC275B1AA" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1E2642B5D04469BAF95090CCB2881A09" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B66F47B0F6EE1BDA24F86C2890E3895" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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This is the first report of this species from the GYE under the name
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<taxonomicName id="004A4BAB4349FC04524FBDB83A358B64" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
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. In North American treatments (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="8B6FB501D3BA52997756612CBF3A81ED" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A889EC5D89100520E9A0867E59ED9AD4" author="Bessette, AE" journalOrPublisher="Syracuse University Press" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 297" title="Milk mushrooms of North America: A field identification guide to the genus Lactarius" year="2009">Bessette et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), this species may have gone under the name
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<taxonomicName id="9A1F0C8D09DC3564F8831FA1E7CD8A7C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius hepaticus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hepaticus">Lactarius hepaticus</taxonomicName>
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Plowr. Previous reports of
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<taxonomicName id="8EB607F2A6A8D725224CF8D8D2490DFF" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius subdulcis" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subdulcis">Lactarius subdulcis</taxonomicName>
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(Pers.) Gray from the GYE (
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<bibRefCitation id="271B26E89BDC56667730374989543271" author="McKnight, KH" journalOrPublisher="Grand Teton Library and Museum Association" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 21" title="Checklist of mushrooms and other fungi of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks" year="1982">McKnight 1982</bibRefCitation>
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) likely refer to
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<taxonomicName id="E8880F592875B6AB984BE2C3EAA6900C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
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. The European
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<taxonomicName id="D031377764084D77EDA7071A407FDEEC" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius hepaticus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hepaticus">Lactarius hepaticus</taxonomicName>
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has a duller, browner pileus (although it can be deep red), yellowing latex and flesh, an acrid taste, and it associates with
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<taxonomicName id="486A68EC955BAC4BB7C6557924DDF10E" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
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in nutrient-poor, acidic soils (
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<bibRefCitation id="6BD097080B0099E5D9F2AA3B221FA672" author="Kraenzlin, F" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Mykologia Luzern" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 317" title="Fungi of Switzerland. Volume 6, Russulaceae" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken id="A91A0326C42FF4222E80053C4655212A" originalValue="Kränzlin">Kraenzlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The European
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<taxonomicName id="44DE01D92D5E272B73C63DD7258D2A78" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius subdulcis" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subdulcis">Lactarius subdulcis</taxonomicName>
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has a more
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<normalizedToken id="7D112ADA29DEE1E0F014820AA52209D8" originalValue="orange–brown">orange-brown</normalizedToken>
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to brown pileus (although it can be reddish), a mild to unpleasant smell, a
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<normalizedToken id="1FF792A0716063288E5BA218E4C0BBFA" originalValue="bitter–acrid">bitter-acrid</normalizedToken>
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taste, and an association with
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<taxonomicName id="5C483EA7DEFEDFCBC12184842AF4D1E0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AEC80F003035AB3D0CEA192C746A7E39" author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="07BA2CC570C523FF341EB83430A71941" author="Kraenzlin, F" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Mykologia Luzern" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 317" title="Fungi of Switzerland. Volume 6, Russulaceae" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken id="EC9E9796E6E7AEF6496AA2401A4E1F23" originalValue="Kränzlin">Kraenzlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Phylogenetically,
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<taxonomicName id="0CEB43442436821B2B2FC2541DC0D4DB" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
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appears to be fairly closely related to but distinct from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB2E56C8E32CDD1B4C89D0B71E69CC47" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius subdulcis" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subdulcis">Lactarius subdulcis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86C36CED2F53AB716C3E55DD92AA1D75" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius hepaticus" order="Russulales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hepaticus">Lactarius hepaticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 2C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="99DCDA8F72570FC09BB2E7008B44D6D1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="067BD0FBDC1C6A74918EDACD8DE22B0A" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6AC9AB2764BBE304EC551BAD5F0861BA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">Lactarius</pageBreakToken>
|
||
badiosanguineus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87562BB8D6DBF1102A32B4843F0856D4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius subviscidus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subviscidus">Lactarius subviscidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hesler & A.H. Sm.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22FA8D92FCE867C639B3101884397C39" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius sphagneti" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sphagneti">Lactarius sphagneti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fr.) Neuhoff, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8539DC7F5664135F07059E5D7D4B5CAE" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius fulvissimus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fulvissimus">Lactarius fulvissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Romagn.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E115778C2820A6BBD01D0D978890C2FF" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius subviscidus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subviscidus">Lactarius subviscidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
features typically smaller, more fragile basidiomes with a more uniformly orange pileus, and latex that stains white paper yellow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="407EA6D92E71D649E0DC78B99AE36AD3" author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F0319F4F4297A70C66192DFF794CAF5" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius subviscidus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subviscidus">Lactarius subviscidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be confined to the coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A95D29BE09336F3B9F5029DA61B986BE" author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="227050D65C6DC67125DABBC430DC3ECA" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius sphagneti" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sphagneti">Lactarius sphagneti</taxonomicName>
|
||
features a more distinctly two-toned pileus with a paler margin and darker center (although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="062F71055DF8FC403673642F85F7E6CD" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
also often displays this character at least in the GYE) as well as more densely reticulate spores with a stronger amyloid reaction. The European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90E27A8B19B3B665AB9D78BF4CDB5B85" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius fulvissimus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fulvissimus">Lactarius fulvissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically features basidiomes which are more orange overall, white latex which often turns yellow, basidiospores with an ornamentation of small pointed warts, and an ecology with deciduous trees such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A80943B50E461F06348C5D53245DB83" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E391C48167F46BAD1FFFC492C2D6144D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DFF7D031F46233FF571BE5BE4F46851" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tilia" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tilia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A950684AFE0CBF1AEE41AA000F78B88D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Populus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B22DA607A86100E5AD19AD0358F228E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Corylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more rarely with conifers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBDB621C3667F324DB66C9E3D806290F" author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF7B94CEB80D558C40FCA0452DDF01B9" author="Kraenzlin, F" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Mykologia Luzern" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 317" title="Fungi of Switzerland. Volume 6, Russulaceae" year="2005">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C6FD3B0DFD990B3939243AB619A72F7D" originalValue="Kränzlin">Kraenzlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9EB5B8A8205FC3E37D107B6438C93A77" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E81383E1A8B9EB37D1B32EE0E2F240D4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="849ECA05655B55AC27EBFF7D2DDEBDD4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius atrobadius" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="atrobadius">Lactarius atrobadius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hesler & A.H. Sm., reported from the Pacific coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF15C00E490BF706504BD3F028C4CBB7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea sitchensis" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sitchensis">Picea sitchensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
belt in North America.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8E065D33D764D4ABE422D06B47E9219" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius atrobadius" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="atrobadius">Lactarius atrobadius</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have darker basidiomes, however, a more in depth molecular and morphological comparison between the two taxa is warranted.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24756CECE0572CA46DD3D3E1E7DF0A5A" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lanceolatus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">Lactarius lanceolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
O.K. Mill. & Laursen is also similar, however it typically produces basidiomes which are overall more orange with larger pleuromacrocystidia (73.5-127
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D4E3EB4E34EBEBCD7F4AB4877FD26A0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.5-10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="94EE465B1C8C2B0E2A8B23E69BFB70DE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and it occurs above tree line with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8590A439D8C6D75D486D964C957EE740" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See comments under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AACCBB472EDD9274A21ADA9E30361B4C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius luculentus var. laetus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="luculentus" variety="laetus">Lactarius luculentus v. laetus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hesler & A.H. Sm. for features distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="092D47336520CAFF89919C99188F3EB7" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4702C010A0C059A6DBCF723DF646B477" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="BFD4A2D4BE5DF42FAE657A0118E062B7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Figure 23.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9547B9B702106C48144F857D7A702701" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius badiosanguineus" order="Russulales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="badiosanguineus">Lactarius badiosanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Top collection EB0069-14 under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3878547E37AC5DFFC8D891852B13C8A8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA. Bottom collection EB200-13 under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F5F6C7DCFA45DEECC094F14E50CAFF" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea engelmannii" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">Picea engelmannii</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09B15B9EC65B9D44E6E675EAE4B4FFFC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gallatin Range, Montana, USA. Scale bars: 2 cm. Photos by E. Barge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |