572 lines
66 KiB
XML
572 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="C00B891BA2696BB4C039FA5F834A4746" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Coccidae Fallen" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="50C6FBC9333BA1CA6200D6F76F572832">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9C96A0E93904101043655091F7B0B0A6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6C2235F499926762A6072B24959FCF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D54B6E62371BCEECD4BDB2D4ACB39789">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4BDACCC5F80E95D1EC27D994517E4D32">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="FD713EECD1AE64922CEF59D0F3130EDF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="73938C7B8B3AB24E8B334A2E73EB4F37">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E35A70EBCA2B3BDC3F00A17E2DF4F25">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA64C11C87134A89A2A52F6CDDAED61A" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="DDCE08FAA0920460E5870DCD0C9CC626">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E06A8C06277B3ED93BD9DCF54D0ECE52">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C24381A7A24299550D778FDCFD005049">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B1F665F59F9502260370CDDFDD7361D3">5542</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" box="[151,492,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" blockId="33.[151,492,150,177]" box="[151,492,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,492,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E92BA97C334DDDDF2" ID-CoL="8D9" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[247,492,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">COCCIDAE Fallèn</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBC396E92DA978B343DDC01" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E92DA978B343DDC01" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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The family
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E9353978B34B7DDBA" box="[286,390,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E93DB978B3723DDBA" box="[406,530,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E9052978B378EDDBA" box="[543,703,223,249]" class="Insecta" infraOrder="Coccomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Coccomorpha</taxonomicName>
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, known as the soft scale insects) contains about 1233 species in 178 genera worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBC396E93EF965737E7DC5E" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[418,726,259,286]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
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García Morales
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E9014965037BADC5E" box="[601,651,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The soft scale insects recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBC396E9625965031A4DC5D" box="[1128,1173,260,286]" name="Iran" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Iran</collectingCountry>
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comprise 35 species in 20 genera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBC396D928A961F3131DC26" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A961F36F7DF8D" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A961F349DDC26" bold="true" box="[199,428,331,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
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Adult female highly variable in appearance, depending on genus, age and host-plant. The
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E92DA963B35E3DCCA" bold="true" box="[151,210,367,393]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">body</emphasis>
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can be almost flat to highly convex; frequently circular or broadly oval in outline, but sometimes elongate oval, especially species found on grasses. One of the most important characters is an
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E960196C73188DCEE" bold="true" box="[1100,1209,403,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal cleft</emphasis>
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, which may be very deep but is sometimes quite short to almost absent. On the dorsum at the inner end of the anal cleft are a pair of approximately triangular
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93FB968F3709DCB6" bold="true" box="[438,568,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal plates</emphasis>
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, covering the anal opening and
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91EB968F3122DCB6" bold="true" box="[934,1043,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal ring</emphasis>
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; the plates are usually contiguous, and are hinged along the anterior margin so that they can be raised to allow the elimination of honeydew.
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E976696AB35E4DF7E" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stigmatic clefts</emphasis>
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are situated where spiracular disc-pore bands meet margins; these are often quite distinct, or narrow and very deep, but in some genera they may be only shallow indentations or absent.
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91A695133010DF22" bold="true" box="[1003,1313,583,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Wax covering the dorsum</emphasis>
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may be so thin and transparent as to be invisible; or glassy / filamentous / powdery; or thick, moist and opaque. In mature adult females of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E933795DB3730DFEA" box="[378,513,655,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
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, a separate
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E90C995DB37FCDFEA" bold="true" box="[644,717,655,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ovisac</emphasis>
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formed of wax filaments may be secreted from the abdomen to protect the eggs; these filaments are produced by
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E908F95E736F1DF8E" bold="true" box="[706,960,691,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral tubular ducts</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A95833464DE56" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A958334D8DFB2" bold="true" box="[199,489,727,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Microscopic characters:</emphasis>
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The morphology of slide-mounted adult female
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E9654958331B0DFB2" box="[1049,1153,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
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is discussed in detail by
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBC396E92DA95AF3460DE56" author="Hodgson, C. J." box="[151,337,763,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref102646" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an Identification Manual to Genera. CAB International, Wallingford, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A9474346CD9E2" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A94743410DE7A" box="[199,289,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. The
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E932D944B34C0DE7A" bold="true" box="[352,497,799,825]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">dorsal derm</emphasis>
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of young (teneral) adult females is usually thin and unsclerotized. In the subfamilies Eriopeltinae and Fillippiinae, each female has dorsal tubular ducts, which secrete an enveloping woolly wax test; the derm may remain quite membranous at maturity. In other subfamilies, such as Ceroplastinae and many Eulecaniinae, the dorsal derm becomes heavily sclerotized soon after the final moult. The
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91B694DF314CDEE6" bold="true" box="[1019,1149,907,933]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal plates</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E96C394DF31DDDEE6" box="[1166,1260,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9M</figureCitation>
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) consist of two approximately triangular plates, usually contiguous, situated on the dorsal midline at the anterior end of the anal cleft. The hinged plates together cover the anal apparatus, and are a major character of the
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E96C3948731CBDEAE" box="[1166,1274,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
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. Loose groups of dorsal pores known as
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93F494A337ACD952" bold="true" box="[441,669,1015,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">preopercular pores</emphasis>
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E90E094A33633D952" box="[685,770,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
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) typically occur just anterior to the anal plates, although in some genera and species they may be much more widespread. Sometimes
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91A3934F314CD976" bold="true" box="[1006,1149,1051,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">dorsal setae</emphasis>
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are present only in adult females; they are often flagellate but are sometimes capitate / clavate / lanceolate / conical. Dorsal
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E96BE936B30ADD91A" bold="true" box="[1267,1436,1087,1113]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">duct tubercles</emphasis>
|
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E92D2933735C0D93E" box="[159,241,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
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), each containing a duct, may be present, usually on the submargins.
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E9653933731F9D93E" bold="true" box="[1054,1224,1123,1149]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E969793373007D93E" box="[1242,1334,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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) may be present or absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A93F83042D8A6" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A93F8342BD986" box="[199,282,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Margin</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E936693FF34D1D986" bold="true" box="[299,480,1195,1221]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Marginal setae</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E93BF93FF3775D986" box="[498,580,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
|
||
) form a single row, or occasionally a band several setae deep, around the dorsal margin; they are usually differentiated from other setae and may be simple, flagellate with variously divided and / or flattened tips, or conical, or even fan-shaped. On the thorax, where each of the four bands of spiracular disc-pores reaches the margin, a
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E938292433747D872" bold="true" box="[463,630,1303,1329]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic area</emphasis>
|
||
is present, usually consisting of an indented stigmatic cleft containing a few
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A926F3735D816" bold="true" box="[199,516,1339,1365]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic / spiracular setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E905E926F375BD816" box="[531,618,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
|
||
) that differ in length and / or thickness from the marginal setae. Normally there are three stigmatic setae in each cleft and the median seta is usually longer than the lateral setae; or there may be large groups of stigmatic setae in each stigmatic area, such as in the Ceroplastinae; but occasionally stigmatic setae are not differentiated from the marginal setae, and may be displaced onto the dorsal submargin.
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E976692F335E4D8A6" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stigmatic clefts</emphasis>
|
||
may be either shallow or deep, or absent. Occasionally the inner margin of each cleft may be sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396D928A92A43131DC26" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A92A4343EDB4A" box="[199,271,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E931592BB34C8DB4A" bold="true" box="[344,505,1519,1545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral derm</emphasis>
|
||
is usually thin and membranous. The
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E918892BB31A9DB4A" bold="true" box="[965,1176,1519,1545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic grooves</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E968A92BB3014DB4A" bold="true" box="[1223,1317,1519,1545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">furrows</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E977492BB30A5DB4A" box="[1337,1428,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
) run from each spiracular peritreme to the margin. There are two kinds of
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91B1914731E4DB6E" bold="true" box="[1020,1237,1555,1581]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral disc-pores</emphasis>
|
||
: (i)
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E97409147304BDB6E" bold="true" box="[1293,1402,1555,1581]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E92DA916334A3DB12" bold="true" box="[151,402,1591,1617]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">spiracular disc-pores</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E93EC916334CBDB12" box="[417,506,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
), each usually with 5 loculi, forming a band of disc-pores in each stigmatic furrow (these pores secrete short, curved wax filaments); and (ii)
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E916C910F312BDB36" bold="true" box="[801,1050,1627,1653]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">pregenital disc-pores</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E9664910F31B2DB36" box="[1065,1155,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
), each usually with 6−10 or more outer loculi, present anterior and lateral to anogenital fold, often also present across some abdominal segments and sometimes on thoracic segments adjacent to each coxa; also occasionally on the head. Genital opening usually not visible, but
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93D391933760DBA2" bold="true" box="[414,593,1735,1761]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anogenital fold</emphasis>
|
||
(which lies between the genital opening and opening of the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E96B5919335FDDA46" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">eversible anal tube</emphasis>
|
||
) often detectable. The structure and distribution of ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E912191BF313FDA46" bold="true" box="[876,1038,1771,1797]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E965391BF3146DA46" box="[1054,1143,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are important taxonomic characters; these ducts are sometimes similar to those on the dorsum (if present) but there may be several different
|
||
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFBC396E92DA906035E4DA0D" box="[151,213,1844,1870]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, sometimes forming a submarginal band. Most
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E90A0906736B4DA0E" bold="true" box="[749,901,1843,1869]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E91D8906736DBDA0E" box="[917,1002,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are short and flagellate, but a few are longer (e.g. those between the antennal bases and medially on pregenital segments) and sometimes these can be of taxonomic significance.
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93E6902F34D2DAD6" bold="true" box="[427,483,1915,1941]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E93BE902F3776DAD6" box="[499,583,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
) are usually well developed, each consisting of five segments: (i) the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E9712902F30A4DAD6" bold="true" box="[1375,1429,1915,1941]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">coxa</emphasis>
|
||
, which attaches to the venter, may be taxonomically important; (ii) each
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91F890CB3105DAFA" bold="true" box="[949,1076,1951,1977]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">trochanter</emphasis>
|
||
has a pair of large campaniform sensilla on each surface and a single long seta on the ventral side; (iii) the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91A290973109DA9E" bold="true" box="[1007,1080,1987,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">femur</emphasis>
|
||
; (iv) the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E96E9909731EBDA9E" bold="true" box="[1188,1242,1987,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">tibia</emphasis>
|
||
is always longer than the single tarsal segment. There is usually an
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D909397C236E8DDF3" bold="true" box="[734,985,150,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">articulatory sclerosis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBF396D91A797C33175DDF2" box="[1002,1092,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
) between the tibia and tarsus; the presence or absence of this sclerosis is of taxonomic importance. In a few genera, the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D96DF97EF31EADD96" bold="true" box="[1170,1243,187,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">tarsus</emphasis>
|
||
can appear to be 2-segmented, particularly in the front leg, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBF396D90E6978B3607DDBB" box="[683,822,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D90E6978B3607DDBB" box="[683,822,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Exaeretopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBF396D9121978B312BDDBA" box="[876,1050,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hadzibejliaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9121978B312BDDBA" box="[876,1050,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hadzibejliaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At the distal end of the tarsus is a pair of thin modified setae, the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D93B896573794DC5F" bold="true" box="[501,677,258,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">tarsal digitules</emphasis>
|
||
. The structure of the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D91DB965736FDDC5E" bold="true" box="[918,972,259,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">claw</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D964F96573195DC5F" bold="true" box="[1026,1188,258,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">claw digitules</emphasis>
|
||
show several features of taxonomic importance; the claw may have a
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D90FC9672363FDC03" bold="true" box="[689,782,294,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">denticle</emphasis>
|
||
on the plantar surface, present or absent. In the
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9762967330ADDC02" bold="true" box="[1327,1436,295,321]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">antennae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBF396D92D2961F35C8DC26" box="[159,249,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the number of segments (up to 9) is also of taxonomic significance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="44CD6606FFBF396D92DA903E34A6DAAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" targetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBF396D92DA903E34A6DAAD" blockId="34.[151,1436,1898,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D92DA903E3422DAC1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBF396D9356903E344DDAC1" box="[283,380,1898,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, general morphology of the adult female.
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9165903E3670DAC1" bold="true" box="[808,833,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A,</emphasis>
|
||
antenna;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D91E8903E368DDAC1" bold="true" box="[933,956,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B,</emphasis>
|
||
stigmatic furrow;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9637903E31A2DAC1" bold="true" box="[1146,1171,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C,</emphasis>
|
||
quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D93C890DA34AFDAE5" bold="true" box="[389,414,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D,</emphasis>
|
||
tubular ducts;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D907490DA3761DAE5" bold="true" box="[569,592,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral seta;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D909190DA37C1DAE5" bold="true" box="[732,752,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F,</emphasis>
|
||
hind tibia and trochanter;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D964F90DA312DDAE5" bold="true" box="[1026,1052,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G,</emphasis>
|
||
tibio-tarsal sclerosis;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D96B290DA3028DAE5" bold="true" box="[1279,1305,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">H,</emphasis>
|
||
multilocular pregenital disc-pore;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D932390E6344EDA89" bold="true" box="[366,383,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">I,</emphasis>
|
||
duct tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D905B90E63718DA89" bold="true" box="[534,553,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">J,</emphasis>
|
||
marginal setae;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D908290E637D8DA89" bold="true" box="[719,745,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">K,</emphasis>
|
||
stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D96ED90E63186DA89" bold="true" box="[1184,1207,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">L,</emphasis>
|
||
preopercular pore;
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D973390E630ADDA89" bold="true" box="[1406,1436,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of anal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBE396C92DA97CC30ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA97CC319DDDF2" blockId="35.[151,1196,151,178]" box="[151,1196,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C92DA97CC37D0DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,737,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
KEY TO GENERA OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C938D97C337B9DDF1" ID-CoL="8D9" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,648,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">COCCIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBE396C90C297C337EDDDF2" box="[655,732,151,177]" name="Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">IRAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
based on slide-mounted adult females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="642361BFFFBE396C92DA978930ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA978930ADDC4C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA978930ADDDB1" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,220,242]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA978930ADDDB1" box="[151,1436,220,242]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
1(0) Dorsal setae thick, more-or-less conical with truncate tips.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96A8978830ADDDB1" ID-CoL="633MD" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[1253,1436,220,242]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96A897883074DDB1" bold="true" box="[1253,1349,220,242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eriopeltis</emphasis>
|
||
Signoret
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA97AE30ADDC4C" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,250,272]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA97AE30ADDC4C" box="[151,1436,250,272]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsal setae conical or flagellate, tips blunt or sharp but never truncate ........................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA964330ADDC24" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA964330ACDC09" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA964330ACDC09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
2(1) Dorsum with rounded, fleshy lobes projecting beyond margins. Each leg with tibia and tarsus completely fused......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C963D966030ACDC09" ID-CoL="M8K" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1136,1437,308,330]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acantholecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C963D96603011DC09" bold="true" box="[1136,1312,308,330]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acantholecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA960630ADDC24" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,338,360]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA960630ADDC24" box="[151,1436,338,360]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsum without projecting fleshy lobes. Each leg with tibia and tarsus entirely or partially distinct, never fully fused...... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA963B30ADDCE1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA963B30ADDCC7" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA963B30ADDCC7" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3(2) Dorsum with at least 1 area formed of a dense concentration of intermingled preopercular pores and flagellate setae....... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA96D930ADDCE1" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,396,418]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA96D930ADDCE1" box="[151,1436,396,418]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsum without such areas............................................................................. 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA96FE30ACDF5A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA96FE30ACDC9E" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA96FE30ACDC9E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
4(3) Dorsum with dense concentrations of simple preopercular pores and setae in triangular area on head and in patches immediately anterior to anal plates............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96CB969330ACDC9E" ID-CoL="455Y" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1158,1437,455,477]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96CB9693302EDC9E" bold="true" box="[1158,1311,455,477]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Didesmococcus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA96B130ACDF5A" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA96B130ACDF5A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Dorsum with a dense concentration of intermingled preopercular pores and flagellate setae in narrow medial elongate area from anterior of anal lobes to prothorax......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96F0955530ACDF5A" ID-CoL="7KJ3" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1213,1437,513,537]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Sphaerolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96F09555305DDF54" bold="true" box="[1213,1388,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sphaerolecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Šulc
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA954B30ADDF33" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA954B30ADDF11" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA954B30ADDF11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
5(3) Dorsal and ventral tubular ducts extremely large, each duct with outer ductule with elongate ridges along its inner surface................................................................................. ....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C968D956830ADDF11" ID-CoL="62TQ2" authority="Koteja" authorityName="Koteja" box="[1216,1436,572,594]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hadzibejliaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C968D95683066DF11" bold="true" box="[1216,1367,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hadzibejliaspis</emphasis>
|
||
Koteja
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA950E30ADDF33" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,602,624]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA950E30ADDF33" box="[151,1436,602,624]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- If both dorsum and venter with large tubular ducts, each outer ductule lacking longitudinal ridges..................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA952330ADDFE9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA952330ADDFCE" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,631,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA952330ADDFCE" box="[151,1436,631,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
6(5) Dorsum with large bilocular figure-of-eight pores on submargins and medial area............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96C9952330ADDFCE" ID-CoL="62HFN" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" box="[1156,1436,631,653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Bodenheimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96C995233024DFCE" bold="true" box="[1156,1301,631,653]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bodenheimera</emphasis>
|
||
Bodenheimer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA95C130ADDFE9" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,660,682]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA95C130ADDFE9" box="[151,1436,660,682]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsum without large bilocular figure-of-eight pores......................................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA95E630ADDE7F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA95E630ACDFA6" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA95E630ACDFA6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
7(6) Body elongate oval, more than 2x as long as wide. Tarsus on each prothoracic leg with a pseudoarticulation, and often very strongly curved. Stigmatic spines, if differentiated, present singly in anterior stigmatic areas only....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96F1959B30ACDFA6" ID-CoL="4HPW" authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" box="[1212,1437,719,741]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96F1959B3009DFA7" bold="true" box="[1212,1336,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Exaeretopus</emphasis>
|
||
Newstead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA95B930ADDE7F" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA95B930ADDE7F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Body not strongly elongated, less than 1.8x as long as wide. Tarsus on each prothoracic leg without a pseudoarticulation, straight or only slightly curved. Stigmatic spines, if differentiated, present in both anterior and posterior stigmatic areas and usually numbering 2 or
|
||
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFBE396C938A947334DDDE7E" box="[455,492,807,829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
each area..................................................................... 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA941130ADDEAF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA941130ADDED7" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA941130ADDED7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
8(7) In life, dorsum completely covered with very thick, moist wax. In a slide mount, dorsum with anal plates situated at centre or apex of heavily sclerotized caudal process. Stigmatic spines distinctly differentiated from marginal setae, present in groups of 15 or more in each spiracular cleft..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96B9942B30ADDED7" ID-CoL="3L7N" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[1268,1436,895,917]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96B9942B3056DED6" bold="true" box="[1268,1383,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceroplastes</emphasis>
|
||
Gray
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA94C930ADDEAF" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA94C930ADDEAF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- In life, dorsal wax cover thin and dry. In a slide mount, anal plates surrounded by membranous or sclerotized cuticle, not situated on a prominent process. Stigmatic spines, if distinctly differentiated from marginal setae, numbering
|
||
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFBE396C96B094EE300BDE93" box="[1277,1338,954,976]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.254" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1‒7 in</quantity>
|
||
each cleft or in an approximate row on margin...................................................................... 9
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA94A130ADD907" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA94A130ACD96A" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA94A130ACD96A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
9(8) Dorsum with more-or-less single line of abundant preopercular pores along midline from just anterior to anal plates to mesothorax........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C9681934530ACD96A" ID-CoL="6CGN" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1228,1437,1041,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Palaeolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96819345305DD964" bold="true" box="[1228,1388,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Palaeolecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Šulc
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA936430ADD907" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1071,1093]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA936430ADD907" box="[151,1436,1071,1093]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsal preopercular pores, if present, forming a group, not arranged in a long single line............................ 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA931930ADD93C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA931930ADD921" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA931930ADD921" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
10(9) Ventral tubular ducts very few or absent, not forming a dense submarginal band......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96BB931830ADD921" ID-CoL="3RN8" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1270,1436,1100,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96BB9318300FD922" bold="true" box="[1270,1342,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA933E30ADD93C" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1130,1152]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA933E30ADD93C" box="[151,1436,1130,1152]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Ventral tubular ducts forming a concentrated submarginal band at least on abdomen and often on thorax and head also... 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA93D330ADD9B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA93D330ADD9F9" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA93D330ADD9F9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
11(10) Each stigmatic cleft containing 4‒6 stigmatic setae arranged in 2 or 3 rows; stigmatic setae usually slightly longer than marginal setae..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96D893F030ADD9F9" ID-CoL="4DZ6" authority="Guerin-Meneville" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" box="[1173,1436,1188,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ericerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96D893F031DBD9FA" bold="true" box="[1173,1258,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ericerus</emphasis>
|
||
Guérin-Méneville
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA939630ADD9B7" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA939630ADD9B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Each stigmatic cleft containing 0‒3 stigmatic setae in a single row; stigmatic setae longer than / subequal in length to / shorter than marginal setae.................................................................................. 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA93A930ADD86C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA93A930ACD851" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1437,1276,1298]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA93A930ACD851" box="[151,1437,1276,1298]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
12(11) Anal plates each with 1 discal seta........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C969493A830ACD851" ID-CoL="7BQJ" authority="Deplanche" authorityName="Deplanche" box="[1241,1437,1276,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C969493A83001D852" bold="true" box="[1241,1328,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Saissetia</emphasis>
|
||
Déplanche
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA924E30ADD86C" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1306,1328]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA924E30ADD86C" box="[151,1436,1306,1328]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Anal plates without discal setae........................................................................ 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA926330ADD829" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA926330ADD80F" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1335,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA926330ADD80F" box="[151,1436,1335,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">13(12) Stigmatic setae well developed, numbering 3 of unequal lengths with median seta by far the longest ................... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA920130ADD829" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA920130ADD829" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Stigmatic setae poorly differentiated or not differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 0‒3 of subequal lengths....... 15</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA922630ACD8E4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA922630ADD8CB" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1393,1416]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA922630ADD8CB" box="[151,1436,1393,1416]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
14(13) Tibia freely articulating with tarsus, tibio-tarsal sclerosis present.........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96C7922530ADD8CB" ID-CoL="63R6Z" authority="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" box="[1162,1436,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96C7922531C2D8C4" bold="true" box="[1162,1267,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
|
||
Targioni Tozzetti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA92C430ACD8E4" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1437,1423,1447]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA92C430ACD8E4" box="[151,1437,1423,1447]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Tibia not freely articulating with tarsus, tibio-tarsal sclerosis absent..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96F992DB30ACD8E4" ID-CoL="63LKV" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1204,1437,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96F992DB305DD8E6" bold="true" box="[1204,1388,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parthenolecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Šulc
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA92F830ADDB59" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA92F830ACD8A3" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA92F830ACD8A3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
15(13) Stigmatic setae not differentiated from marginal setae. Ventral tubular ducts absent from front of head; dorsal tubular ducts absent.....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C9628929D30ACD8A3" ID-CoL="627PJ" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1125,1437,1481,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acanthopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C9628929D3011D89C" bold="true" box="[1125,1312,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acanthopulvinaria</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA92BC30ADDB59" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA92BC30ADDB59" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Stigmatic setae usually somewhat differentiated from marginal setae. Ventral tubular ducts present on front of head; dorsal tubular ducts present................................................................................. 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA917630ADDB17" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA917630ADDB74" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1570,1592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA917630ADDB74" box="[151,1436,1570,1592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
16(15) Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90DE917637E9DB74" box="[659,728,1570,1591]" count="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
|
||
........................................................ 17
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA911430ADDB17" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1599,1621]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA911430ADDB17" box="[151,1436,1599,1621]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of 1 or
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90F2916B3635DB16" box="[703,772,1599,1621]" count="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
|
||
..................................................... 18
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA910830ACDB89" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA910830ACDBD3" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA910830ACDBD3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
17(16) Anal plates with outer corners angular. Stigmatic setae clearly differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 2 or 3 per stigmatic cleft. Dorsal tubular ducts with large terminal glands..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96CD912D30ACDBD3" ID-CoL="642C5" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1152,1437,1657,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhizopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96CD912D3011DBCC" bold="true" box="[1152,1312,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhizopulvinaria</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA91CC30ACDB89" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA91CC30ACDB89" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Anal plates with outer corners rounded. Stigmatic setae poorly or not differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 0‒2 per stigmatic cleft. Dorsal tubular ducts without large terminal glands........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96DD91E030ACDB89" ID-CoL="V6X" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1168,1437,1716,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Anapulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96DD91E03011DB89" bold="true" box="[1168,1312,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anapulvinaria</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA918630ADDA03" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA918630ADDA47" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA918630ADDA47" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">18(16) Each leg freely articulated between tibia and tarsus, with a small tibio-tarsal sclerosis. At maturity, cuticle around anal plates does not becomes more sclerotized than rest of dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts present.............................. 19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA905930ADDA03" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA905930ADDA03" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Each leg not freely articulated between tibia and tarsus, without a tibio-tarsal sclerosis. At maturity, cuticle around anal plates becomes more sclerotized than rest of dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts absent......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C968D907D30ADDA03" ID-CoL="4FSQ" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1216,1436,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C968D907D3008DA7C" bold="true" box="[1216,1337,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eulecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA901330ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA901330ACDA39" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA901330ACDA39" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
19(18) Antenna with 6 segments. Marginal setae of
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90D3901337D9DA1E" box="[670,744,1863,1885]" count="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
|
||
, flagellate and spine-like. Dorsal setae flagellate. Dorsal tubular ducts without large terminal glands......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96D1903030ACDA39" ID-CoL="642BY" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1180,1437,1892,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhodococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96D190303011DA39" bold="true" box="[1180,1312,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhodococcus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA90D630ADDAF6" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA90D630ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
- Antenna with 8 segments. Marginal setae all of
|
||
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90E090D637DADAD4" box="[685,747,1922,1943]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
|
||
. Dorsal setae conical. Dorsal tubular ducts with large terminal glands........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C974990CB30ADDAF6" ID-CoL="7NYY" authority="Marchal" authorityName="Marchal" box="[1284,1436,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C974990CB3076DAF7" bold="true" box="[1284,1351,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stotzia</emphasis>
|
||
Marchal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |