plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity

Add updates up until 2024-12-13 13:33:23

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
ggserver 2024-12-13 13:39:27 +00:00
parent 931b0308d8
commit f8b711e662
10 changed files with 2775 additions and 0 deletions
Show stats Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

175
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
<document id="2939E47868D12AC8ED401B1CDE9A131E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Margarodidae Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="551428868719670D08539DB264E7F25D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="48E81B4C0902ED992FE693C08B59F7C7">
<mods:title id="8B1C11A430C99B2DD2FEA541A9668823">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="29BA4205EC319879D34DA2246F7BE6A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F8100371ACFC860026F4372280CFC41F">
<mods:roleTerm id="1778FE7F60D2EC55C50DAB71A91DC855">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="929B0CC9301A0EFFA55B9E2E0BF17EB3">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6880243598AF198939BEDB6FD5A9658">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9164C34FB66FF80D57644E518E315183" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C292D98B31E70C13399398DD3850563F">
<mods:roleTerm id="149830AEC39B9B26409A855C815ECF42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D25C3FB4CB711B7954B589ADD0FF13D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7BF1CC0C0C19B15F61EE074B91F78611" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F5656C0E3D09C12225A7744EE66314AB">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9243F4ACD9EF203FE696BB0364C29976" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="71B892356ACE34FDE52EE9D9998F88A8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F790A2CE3D860A6C73A22C7F46DA00DF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="847C00AD641F31315C6D2866ABDAA9C5">
<mods:title id="729C43B95B9DA0A4D35D39762912B7BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="74BF5D044C2566F4449350293C11F2D1">
<mods:date id="1308F5FF696A7015756E6D6F87C56C42">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E3F5AC5A18AD0CA153551C0C60E7C3B0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4CEB9AF427D42B007CC0D24E2006798C">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="09BF9F4E8F51666C0919DA574D30D247" type="volume">
<mods:number id="76FA7258EEDF28B7542D3A5393363A93">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9EACFAA133591CE49A63194D4B12F284" type="issue">
<mods:number id="542935329A2D19EC02E9488F59FA0289">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="3EFCB194952A7E504D83ECB20F09226C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="91D8E4E7E7AEAE4FB9BABCC8A79E47DF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4E7386EFB46E07D6E58CF15123D9074A">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="637CC380196D288A51E9C7D71ECFCED6">
<mods:url id="A62249C365CDD382F38A7370706048EC">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A4D62A20EB891D8BB7006D7778C7E0A8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="954102DEED5AC81627015D3C185077F2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2BA332B72F47DC1F744A38877FD0DC43" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FDFFA7F53E9BA7B5F6ACD22038C46C3A" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31D969E09C5339EBDF10C6C2FE35AD9A" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0F39DD92DA97C33743DDF2" box="[151,626,151,177]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0F39DD92DA97C33743DDF2" blockId="146.[151,626,151,177]" box="[151,626,151,177]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0F39DD92DA97C33743DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,626,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD92DA97C33743DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,626,151,177]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0F39DD92BA97C33743DDF2" ID-CoL="624JZ" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[247,626,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">MARGARODIDAE Cockerell</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0F39DD92DA978B3121DF22" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0F39DD92DA978B3121DF22" blockId="146.[151,1437,223,1366]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
Today, the family name
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0F39DD93E3978B377ADDBA" box="[430,587,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD901E97B437D2DDBA" box="[595,739,224,249]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">sensu stricto</emphasis>
is applied to a group of ten genera containing 110 described species (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0F39DD92BA9657371BDC5E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[247,554,259,286]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD93E3965034EEDC5E" box="[430,479,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). All are highly adapted for life underground, spending part of the life cycle as a dormant cyst in the soil (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0F39DD938A9673378EDC02" author="Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A." box="[455,703,295,321]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref101540" refString="Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A. (2018) Ontogenesis, morphology and higher classification of archaeococcids (Homoptera: Coccinea: Orthezoiidea). Zoosystematica Rossica, 2018 (2), 1 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2018. supl. 2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Gavrilov-Zimin 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The cyst stage, sometimes called a “ground pearl”, can survive for multiple years and is an adaptation to survive long periods of drought when the host-plant cannot grow (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0F39DD9719961F3423DCCA" author="Miller, D. R. &amp; Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G." pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="61 - 78" refId="ref105633" refString="Miller, D. R., Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G. (2014) Scale Insects, edition 2, a tool for the identification of potential pest scales at U. S. A. ports-of-entry (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) ZooKeys, 431, 61 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 431.7474" type="journal article" year="2014">
Miller
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD92DA962435F9DCCA" box="[151,200,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Adult females have relatively uniform morphology, with the forelegs enlarged and adapted for digging; but the immature stages show a dramatic diversity of structural details. Neither the adult female nor the male feed; their sole function is reproduction. Unless the species is parthenogenetic, the adult female migrates up to the soil surface to mate, and then returns underground to the host’s roots to lay eggs in the soil. Historically, some species of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0F39DD92DA96AB3475DF5A" box="[151,324,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD92DA96AB3475DF5A" box="[151,324,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were used as sources of valuable red dyes for textiles (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0F39DD91E696AB31F6DF5A" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[939,1223,511,537]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The present work covers the margarodid species known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0F39DD90CA95703786DF7D" box="[647,695,548,574]" name="Iran" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Iran</collectingCountry>
, comprising one genus and seven species that have not been well studied; there may well be more, possibly undescribed species still to be found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0F39DD928A953F372BDE7A" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0F39DD928A953F372BDE7A" blockId="146.[151,1437,223,1366]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD928A953F3481DFC6" bold="true" box="[199,432,619,645]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
Members of this family are normally found in soil or sand, usually associated with the roots of annual grasses or perennial shrubs or trees. Body of adult female large, length up to 5.0 mm or more, generally rotund but some species elongate oval. Mouthparts normally absent; anterior legs enlarged for digging (fossorial); usually without wax secretions apart from production of a filamentous wax ovisac in some species. Cyst of immature female ovoid, with hard outer test amber yellow to dark brown, sometimes appearing iridescent or metallic, surface often textured.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0F39DD928A9417379ED871" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0F39DD928A9417379ED871" blockId="146.[151,1437,223,1366]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD928A941734E8DE1E" bold="true" box="[199,473,835,861]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
The most diagnostic characters of adult female
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0F39DD965194173188DE1E" box="[1052,1209,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
are: derm of adult female covered with long
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD93F094333754DEC2" bold="true" box="[445,613,871,897]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">hair-like setae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD9038943337ECDEC2" box="[629,733,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69A</figureCitation>
), small setae and multilocular disc-pores (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD96FA94333024DEC2" box="[1207,1301,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69I</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD9764943330ADDEC2" bold="true" box="[1321,1436,871,897]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD92D294DF3437DEE6" box="[159,262,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69B</figureCitation>
) each with 7–16 segments, each segment ring-shaped and somewhat sclerotized.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD96FB94DF3074DEE6" bold="true" box="[1206,1349,907,933]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Mouthparts</emphasis>
always absent.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD92A394FB34FBDE8A" bold="true" box="[238,458,943,969]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Thoracic spiracles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD939694FB3770DE8A" box="[475,577,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69C</figureCitation>
) well developed, each with a large
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD919A94FB317CDE8A" bold="true" box="[983,1101,943,969]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">peritreme</emphasis>
; each peritreme with a group of
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD92FA94873483DEAE" bold="true" box="[183,434,979,1005]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">spiracular disc-pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD938F9487371DDEAE" box="[450,556,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69D</figureCitation>
), usually numbering 4–18.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD912F94873169DEAE" bold="true" box="[866,1112,979,1005]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Abdominal spiracles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD9624948731F7DEAE" box="[1129,1222,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69J</figureCitation>
) apparently absent or, when present, only on anteriormost segments; each with atrium containing disc-pores but otherwise structure quite simple.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD937D934F34E1D976" bold="true" box="[304,464,1051,1077]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Anal opening</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD9392934F3772D976" box="[479,579,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69E</figureCitation>
) probably representing abdominal segment X, situated medially on segment IX, close to posterior end of abdomen.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD9017936B362AD91A" bold="true" box="[602,795,1087,1113]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Genital opening</emphasis>
(=
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD9170936B364FD91A" bold="true" box="[829,894,1087,1113]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">vulva</emphasis>
) (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD91D5936B36CAD91A" box="[920,1019,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69F</figureCitation>
) situated ventrally in intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments VIII and IX, anterior to level of anal opening.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD96D59337306DD93E" bold="true" box="[1176,1372,1123,1149]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Prothoracic legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD9722933735F8D9E2" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69G</figureCitation>
) modified for digging, each much larger than meso- and metathoracic legs, comprised of four segments, with enlarged claw fused to tarsus.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD93A093FF371CD986" bold="true" box="[493,557,1195,1221]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Meso</emphasis>
- and
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD902393FF363AD986" bold="true" box="[622,779,1195,1221]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">metathoracic</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD915693FF36B0D986" box="[795,897,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69H</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD91DC93FF368FD986" bold="true" box="[913,958,1195,1221]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">legs</emphasis>
each considerably narrower and generally longer than prothoracic legs, each also comprised of five segments and a claw.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD965F939B3018D9AA" bold="true" box="[1042,1321,1231,1257]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Multilocular disc-pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0F39DD9774939B30A5D9AA" box="[1337,1428,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,237,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-38@147.[177,1411,237,1897]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 69. General morphology of an adult female of Margarodidae, modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 32, fig. 3. A, long hair-like seta; B, antenna; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, spiracular disc-pore; E, anal opening; F, genital opening (= vulva); G, prothoracic leg; H, mesothoracic leg; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385635/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 69I</figureCitation>
) present throughout body, more numerous on venter than on dorsum; extremely abundant on some species, fewer in others, sometimes even reduced to a single row.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0F39DD928A926F3025D815" box="[199,1300,1339,1366]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0F39DD928A926F3025D815" blockId="146.[151,1437,223,1366]" box="[199,1300,1339,1366]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD928A926F3463D816" bold="true" box="[199,338,1339,1365]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Comments:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0F39DD9314926F3768D816" authority="Brandt" authorityName="Brandt" box="[345,601,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0F39DD9314926F3737D816" box="[345,518,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
Brandt
</taxonomicName>
is the only known genus of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0F39DD91DB926F3102D816" box="[918,1075,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0F39DD969292683021D815" box="[1247,1296,1340,1366]" name="Iran" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

199
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
<document id="83DFD8ADA862EF8AB4C17631344E5F6B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Kermesidae Signoret" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="257CB0EDCB6CDB66559815392254D899" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2A42717499F57BA8A4BFDAA50A2CE479">
<mods:title id="F45C786642AB918D55E489593FA574C3">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B34C3568EA7662C67C62D86284188C42" type="personal">
<mods:role id="113BD525965D3D46A8E6CAF433B29993">
<mods:roleTerm id="7F463AD5F9CBECAD6377859574643865">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="61AD5AC8407454701FFE9A076FFC6401">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C921A046D15EEB1CBB9A8EDBACF0030E">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1AA4484F76CF444749525AE9ABCBF9C5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="03A181FC4D1B301074F7A80909569D1F">
<mods:roleTerm id="5C3FB49658A4383D0B4CF3B287E576A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="261382A3A97E6C6346C10F7B8C6AC5EA">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A9A7007B81857F9E58581697CE2711DF" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D18D1C2D07D933C1447CA8C1322E6981">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="45E763B9B313EF1393EC1E3B0E07A89E" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="77A22DEFB9AB22EE88FD73CF5722329B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BECAA97A864DDAEC81CEE0F796F71A8D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="EBAC7CE5642A655EF039659DD5F59D0A">
<mods:title id="2EC2719A5584874AD8A0201211A72577">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="078C1B344CEA172818D2E7383CA3D5C9">
<mods:date id="FED08BA0CFFC2B15D0B477EE3938ACF9">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4CF7EBDD60A740442669804AB9EFF59A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="316C406BE823E2CB481CF62975469B53">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AC40B7A1C5366629FDB57218A4466339" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7F769F900D77301F5507BAB355D9C83E">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D9AF881C079CF0B0F35E47EBBB006A29" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D02B2573E30BE36C5F5B48D7324492E5">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="DA4F3E14373FDF56269CA1FB83115309" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D51C4F08E3B08C041A956D386BD71BE5">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B15197FB7F4C8BD30097BFC0600D8A87">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="D328F058A4C5CC47F8F0DDC515844C6C">
<mods:url id="56DF1DA40F2D76F891938EC24A9FA3E5">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E17C62A9A8A82E95F0CBF89901601761">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6187A63063345CF1C4D242D5455D440F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="279BDF68F1CC5816AD5746D8750CA1AA" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B1A6D2A3E610DD3A44CBCCCF1004248" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E35C9CC0C774B64D8389A87F05FB3E83" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1139C392DA96C6371EDCEF" box="[151,559,402,428]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C392DA96C6371EDCEF" blockId="140.[151,559,402,428]" box="[151,559,402,428]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF1139C392DA96C6371EDCEF" bold="true" box="[151,559,402,428]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C392DA96C6371EDCEF" bold="true" box="[151,559,402,428]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C392BA96C6371EDCEF" ID-CoL="BLL" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[247,559,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">KERMESIDAE Signoret</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1139C392DA968E344FDFC7" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C392DA968E344FDFC7" blockId="140.[151,1437,474,1113]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
Species of the scale insect family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C3905A968E37ACDCB7" box="[535,669,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C390E1968E3619DCB7" box="[684,808,474,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C39179968E36E2DCB7" box="[820,979,474,500]" class="Insecta" infraOrder="Coccomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Coccomorpha</taxonomicName>
) are distributed in the Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. The family contains 91 species in ten genera worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1139C3961C96AA30A1DF5B" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[1105,1424,510,537]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3974396AB3072DF5B" box="[1294,1347,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), and all the species develop exclusively on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C3903295773136DF7F" authority="(Miller &amp; Miller 1993 b)" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[639,1031,546,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Fagaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1139C390BA957636CEDF7F" author="Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L." box="[759,1023,546,572]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" pagination="237 - 251" refId="ref105560" refString="Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L. (1993 b) Description of a new genus of scale insect with a discussion of relationships among families related to the Kermesidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 18 (3), 237 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00664. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Miller &amp; Miller 1993b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Three kermesid species, belonging to the genera
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C39376951334DEDF23" authority="Boitard" authorityName="Boitard" box="[315,495,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C39376951334A0DF23" box="[315,401,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Kermes</emphasis>
Boitard
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C390609512365BDF23" authority="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" box="[557,874,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C39060951237ABDF23" box="[557,666,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Nidularia</emphasis>
Targioni Tozzetti
</taxonomicName>
, have been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1139C396EA951331E5DF22" box="[1191,1236,583,609]" name="Iran" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Iran</collectingCountry>
on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C3974B95133055DF22" box="[1286,1380,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3974B95133055DF22" box="[1286,1380,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1139C392D2953E3443DFC7" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[159,370,618,644]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1139C3928A95DA364CD91B" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C3928A95DA31EADEC3" blockId="140.[151,1437,474,1113]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3928A95DA349BDFEB" bold="true" box="[199,426,654,680]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C393AC95DA3756DFEB" box="[481,615,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
are host specific on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C3910495DB3680DFEA" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[841,945,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
(mainly
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C3965995DB3143DFEA" box="[1044,1138,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3965995DB3143DFEA" box="[1044,1138,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) and are distinctive in appearance, the globular mature adult females being very similar to galls caused by cynipid wasps (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C396B795E630A8DF8F" box="[1274,1433,690,716]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C392DA9582343DDFB3" box="[151,268,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
) or to overwintering buds. Post-reproductive adult female are sclerotized, leathery, and usually globular to nearly spherical, normally found on twigs and branches or in bark crevices. Mostly, kermesids do not cause visible damage to their hosts although there are a few reports of branch dieback, flagging, reduced tree growth rates and occasionally tree death, mainly in urban areas (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1139C3915D941636A8DE1F" author="Kozar, F." box="[784,921,834,860]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" pagination="534 - 537" refId="ref104227" refString="Kozar, F. (1974) Mass infestation and damage of the oak scale Kermes quercus L. (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Novenyvedelem, 10, 534 - 537." type="journal article" year="1974">Kozár 1974</bibRefCitation>
). Some species of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C396249417318EDE1F" box="[1129,1215,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C396249417318EDE1F" box="[1129,1215,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Kermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known for their historic importance as natural sources of crimson dyes used in the textile industry (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1139C3967A943231FEDEC3" author="Cardon, D." box="[1079,1231,870,896]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" refId="ref99321" refString="Cardon, D. (2007) Natural Dyes - Sources, Tradition, Technology &amp; Science. Archetype Publications, London, 800 pp." type="book" year="2007">Cardon 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C3928A94DE364CD91B" blockId="140.[151,1437,474,1113]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3928A94DE34E7DEE7" bold="true" box="[199,470,906,932]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female with: body usually circular;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3962294DE31EDDEE7" bold="true" box="[1135,1244,906,932]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1139C396A394DE3066DEE7" box="[1262,1367,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fig. 66A</figureCitation>
) each with 1–6 segments;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3933194FA3498DE8B" bold="true" box="[380,425,942,968]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1139C393F494FA372EDE8B" box="[441,543,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fig. 66B</figureCitation>
) variously reduced, with indistinct segmentation;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3961A94FA318EDE8B" bold="true" box="[1111,1215,942,968]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">spiracles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1139C3969D94FA3007DE8B" box="[1232,1334,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fig. 66C</figureCitation>
) normal, each usually with quinquelocular pores outside opening;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C39157948636B7DEAF" bold="true" box="[794,902,978,1004]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">anal ring</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1139C391DB948636CBDEAF" box="[918,1018,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fig. 66E</figureCitation>
) with or without pores or setae;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C39724948635E5D953" bold="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">anal lobes</emphasis>
poorly developed;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C393E194A23714D953" bold="true" box="[428,549,1014,1040]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">disc-pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1139C3907994A237AAD953" box="[564,667,1014,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fig. 66D</figureCitation>
) of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FF1139C3908A94A33607D952" box="[711,822,1015,1041]" count="2" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
, those with 5 loculi and those with 8‒10 loculi;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C3970394A235E9D977" bold="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">simple pores</emphasis>
(probably modified microducts) present;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C390E5934E3679D977" bold="true" box="[680,840,1050,1076]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">tubular ducts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1139C3911A934E368BD977" box="[855,954,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="141.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,364,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-187@141.[151,1436,355,1852]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURE 66. Adult female of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus), modified from Podsiadło (2014), page 265, fig. 3, published in Polish Journal of Entomology. A, antenna; B, base of hind leg; C, anterior thoracic spiracle; D, Disc-pores each with 4‒12 loculi; E, anal ring, situated on venter; F, macroducts, varying in size, some with inner ends wrench shaped in longitudinal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385625/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Fig. 66F</figureCitation>
), each with cup-shaped inner end, arranged in a dense submarginal band on venter; microtubular ducts absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1139C392DA93FE30ADD81E" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" type="key">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C392DA93FE31E5D987" blockId="140.[151,1236,1194,1221]" box="[151,1236,1194,1221]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C392DA93FE363BD987" bold="true" box="[151,778,1194,1220]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C3938D93FE3780D987" ID-CoL="BLL" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,689,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">KERMESIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1139C390F593FE3634D987" box="[696,773,1194,1220]" name="Iran" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
based on slide-mounted adult females.
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFF1139C392DA93BB30ADD81E" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<key id="642361BFFF1139C392DA93BB30ADD81E" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C392DA93BB30ADD861" blockId="140.[151,1437,1263,1373]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF1139C392DA93BB30ADD861" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
1(0) Legs present. Venter with a broad submarginal band of tubular ducts, 10–30 ducts wide. Anal ring with setae but no pores. Anterior spiracles usually obviously smaller than posterior spiracles. In life, no ovisac produced............
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C39749925930ADD861" ID-CoL="637WL" authority="Boitard" authorityName="Boitard" box="[1284,1436,1292,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C397499259307ED861" bold="true" box="[1284,1359,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Kermes</emphasis>
Boitard
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1139C392DA927E30ADD81E" blockId="140.[151,1437,1263,1373]" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF1139C392DA927E30ADD81E" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">
- Legs absent. Venter with a narrow submarginal band of tubular ducts, 1–4 ducts wide. Anal ring with both setae and pores. Anterior spiracles about same size as posterior spiracles. In life, produces an ovisac.............
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1139C396D9921330ADD81E" ID-CoL="9G3GT" authority="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" box="[1172,1436,1351,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1139C396D9921331C5D81E" bold="true" box="[1172,1268,1351,1373]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="141">Nidularia</emphasis>
Targioni Tozzetti
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

170
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
<document id="99682993A2C7DB045B48147D41FC55ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="AE21E5B08D841E34E54AB4FE5BAEC4DB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="23C789FB9E923D8ABB4E2D46887FF0FB">
<mods:title id="1F35DF51319AE558EA3153F2DF0A493E">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B8E91434FA5BD8866E4FDD1FBAFB450F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CD063A202A98BA1923CAA724D9693C4B">
<mods:roleTerm id="557C20EC7FC8ABA288E68CF748D57592">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CC3A9C3754D214B37D8640DE8B1EA69B">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1FA8F6325A5090B9BB1F9D51F2271F8D">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="17DBB255A62591C418B2ED4BF1F73F9C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A729C9B66157C02ECE9DE859DD889E56">
<mods:roleTerm id="851A3A2479868028D65A8228459C8A6A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9EEB1841616D4F91327B386FFB3F1BD4">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5D0554261A37DFAD63713D6589D61CBA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="792E076175B2E7998DFCB828D6DB7959">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="25537257BF96AD94E04257C477B2BCDF" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8F2BC646C2612E7592F8A0C138275E0A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="612478896A9D9BEC7C19B0623E8D43DF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BD3D22D22178A36A890CAC043489F7E4">
<mods:title id="52D5E370560090BE9E40B63BDE03709D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9C8EC7E49289E8D14A960EA791C63C4A">
<mods:date id="07C60B5DE9EB8A0E7531F49D19C61915">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C348D9CE7EB2B95BAC6A00189B23B532" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3736D7BB646CC3B00515E794484D66AF">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B44FE60521AF05B4895214C4C9EF27DF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BD157830A77B3BF00E86FD467D770AA8">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="67745B04A91AF775EA53EFC9E271A22D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B9E4F87DDDA7F4106691E943D2049785">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9338FD63DACBD66904B11128663BBB7D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A08FC40DE66D899A9900AECCC8FE6CA6">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="210C0F1D535B0D2B06BBC55C7CDA1623">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="BB576E39BB290580EDE6070D13FAE0E8">
<mods:url id="75131E13ADCBCA12EC587B77B3F36E7B">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F0B354433DB0FE1A2B71084737479958">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7271AEBE2553F975D45D06A137BFC483" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D142EDFE219368EFACFB32F5CEFD38FC" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="65163811824E96408F9F901864EC6D0F" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="37B6E231E0FBB95AA86749E075EDD6B7" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF2D39FF92DA95A43773DE49" box="[151,578,752,779]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF92DA95A43773DE49" blockId="176.[151,661,752,815]" box="[151,578,752,779]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF2D39FF92DA95A43773DE49" bold="true" box="[151,578,752,779]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF92DA95A43773DE49" ID-CoL="4GKMN" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[151,578,752,779]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF92DA95A43773DE49" bold="true" box="[151,578,752,779]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF92DA95A434F3DE48" bold="true" box="[151,450,752,779]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Phoenicococcus marlatti</emphasis>
Cockerell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF2D39FF92DA944037A4DE6C" box="[151,661,788,815]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF92DA944037A4DE6C" blockId="176.[151,661,752,815]" box="[151,661,788,815]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF2D39FF92D2944035C3DE6C" box="[159,242,788,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 87" captionStartId="177.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-17@177.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="177" captionText="FIGURE 87. Adult female of Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, reproduced from Gill (1993) page 217, fig. 119, with kind permission from the author and California Department of Food &amp; Agriculture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385703/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF2D39FF92B394403451DE6C" box="[254,352,788,815]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,234,1441,1465]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[189,1398,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="PLATE 5. Monophlebidae continued: A-1 and A-2, Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas); B-1 and B-2, Icerya purchasi Maskell. Ortheziidae: C, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus). Phoenicococcidae: D, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385402/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Plate 5C</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF2D39FF9066944037BCDE6C" box="[555,653,788,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385720/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 91L</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF2D39FF92DA940D3461D966" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF92DA940D37B2DE32" blockId="176.[151,643,857,881]" box="[151,643,857,881]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF2D39FF92DA940D37B2DE32" box="[151,643,857,881]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF2D39FF92DA940D374EDE32" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[151,639,857,881]" page="262" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF92DA940D374EDE32" ID-CoL="4GKMN" authority="Cockerell, 1899 b: 262" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="262" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,639,857,881]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF92DA940D34A5DE32" box="[151,404,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Phoenicococcus marlatti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF93D7940D374EDE32" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[410,639,857,881]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref99674" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1899 b) Some notes on Coccidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1899, 259 - 275." type="book chapter" year="1899">Cockerell, 1899b: 262</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF92DA94CB3461D966" blockId="176.[151,1437,927,1386]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF92DA94CB34A2DEFA" bold="true" box="[151,403,927,953]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Usually found in crevices on palms, particularly in folds of unopened leaves or under fibres on the stems. Adult female subspherical, pinkish or reddish brown to red, partly enclosed by an amorphous mass of white, flocculent wax. Immature males produce a loose, elongate white cocoon (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF967794B3319BD942" author="Gill, R. J." box="[1082,1194,999,1025]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref101689" refString="Gill, R. J. (1993) The Scale Insects of California: Part 2. The Minor Families (Homoptera: Coccoidea). California Department of Food &amp; Agriculture, Sacramento, California, 241 pp." type="book" year="1993">Gill 1993</bibRefCitation>
); adult male wingless (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF92D3935F3475D966" author="Watson, G. W." box="[158,324,1035,1061]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="301 - 356" refId="ref110451" refString="Watson, G. W. (2022 a) Towards identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 2. Checklists and keys to six archaeococcoid families. Zootaxa, 5105 (3), 301 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5105.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Watson 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF2D39FF928A937B362FD90A" box="[199,798,1071,1098]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF928A937B362FD90A" blockId="176.[151,1437,927,1386]" box="[199,798,1071,1098]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF928A937B34E9D90A" bold="true" box="[199,472,1071,1097]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
see generic diagnosis above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF2D39FF928A930737A8D829" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF928A930731A2D9F6" blockId="176.[151,1437,927,1386]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF928A93073452D92E" bold="true" box="[199,355,1107,1133]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF9326930737B2D92E" box="[363,643,1107,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF9326930737B2D92E" box="[363,643,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Phoenicococcus marlatti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originated in the Middle East but is now known from 18 countries in the Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF9125932331ACD9D2" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[872,1181,1143,1170]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF966D932C3163D9D2" box="[1056,1106,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF2D39FF9682932C31CED9D1" box="[1231,1279,1144,1170]" name="Iran" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF2D39FF92DA93C8342FD9F5" box="[151,286,1180,1206]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Hormozgan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF2D39FF936493CF3488D9F6" box="[297,441,1179,1205]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
, Sistan &amp; Balouchestan and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF2D39FF90B493CF3600D9F6" box="[761,817,1179,1205]" country="Iran" name="Yazd" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Yazd</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF91F993CF31B6D9F6" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[948,1159,1179,1205]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF928A93EB373DD862" blockId="176.[151,1437,927,1386]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF928A93EB346AD99A" bold="true" box="[199,347,1215,1241]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale is mainly found on palms (family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF910093EB36F5D99A" box="[845,964,1215,1241]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
) but there are some records on host-plants in
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF92FA93B0341CD9BD" box="[183,301,1252,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF932693B73665D9BE" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[363,852,1251,1278]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Pandanaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF904093B7367DD9BE" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[525,844,1251,1278]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF908793B037CFD9BE" box="[714,766,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF2D39FF91C993B03685D9BD" box="[900,948,1252,1278]" name="Iran" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF96F093B730ADD9BE" box="[1213,1436,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phoenix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dactylifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF96F093B730ADD9BE" box="[1213,1436,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Phoenix dactylifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF2D39FF92D292533426D862" box="[159,279,1287,1313]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF2D39FF936092533731D862" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[301,512,1287,1313]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF928A927F3628D805" blockId="176.[151,1437,927,1386]" box="[199,793,1323,1350]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF928A927F34E6D806" bold="true" box="[199,471,1323,1349]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not known as a pest in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF2D39FF90A992783624D805" box="[740,789,1324,1350]" name="Iran" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF2D39FF928A921B37A8D829" blockId="176.[151,1437,927,1386]" box="[199,665,1359,1386]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF2D39FF928A921B34A5D82A" bold="true" box="[199,404,1359,1385]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF2D39FF9029920437A4D829" box="[612,661,1360,1386]" name="Iran" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

98
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
<document id="D479D419C6E89BD97FB3E07E38577826" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Phoenicococcidae Stickney" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="F1579BB78B85F59A8B6A70D9CB1A3DD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CDAF27ED05144FD915ED8175F18107BB">
<mods:title id="E828122FEC6159BE1360C0A29E70FAEE">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="305CAA19808CA177BF1B8120F5F5FA24" type="personal">
<mods:role id="06BBA598A3B2E6F60A7FD8065AD359C7">
<mods:roleTerm id="5902FD5A0E13D64D293C221B3397DE47">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5FDDF245D7FED9F676A189CFE24563BD">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5B93A80156BFB925BF1170822D10CA9A">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B9F477D6CF1E5F7088EF890400B1C259" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64077E788E29BC7A508F847927427071">
<mods:roleTerm id="8E14EE7A8F4D2369CB026E0248C2BEFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4913607EF4FEF3512BC934E44CA553D9">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="409FB1653F739ADE19CA7007FE0CCE29" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="84EBFE125B343AE978141907A68DED87">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC67F37B578344BF673CD8312DA8B353" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1D03F920D2DB7244EC777E232D4F63DA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D94FB32DF2065F417BB872F256248A53" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="41D7F8CF0498DC7D3A5C3600704AC7ED">
<mods:title id="377CA28CCFC3CE7C304784F53FEB4360">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AFB98398D6C80AF4C57F637196DD03C6">
<mods:date id="77FE7890DE953164DA88087DE6FD5EA8">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="199EB4FE583CEC51822DA9C8BB30E68F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7BFF6093545A6216E36F38339719F475">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="26F424061FA1DD5712BE6440DFF6FBED" type="volume">
<mods:number id="93807CFBAF0EDE73C1C4AC669B4356E9">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CD758F5F908CD88F7D56CA5A01FF1B61" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C48CB2222B05D616D1628FC921B5DA4F">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1008243FB72621C312E6262C06BBDCC4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="93F82E69804EDA98C042B096352D90FF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6B9E74EFAB7E0A4F607C81AC88A05ED5">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="B8A56483F8336F2C8A437335ECA207D3">
<mods:url id="7B167416AD82AB4543C86FE4C26A0CDB">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="62456CF22BE5F4903CB8EB4B325E5037">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9B2209AE6A93B2697BF1D7211A4C5059" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FCA303BDFD45AE4CFABDA042C37CE4C5" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="973816AD1DCA9EFA4FA9E1150DFC5BDA" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="987697529AD6DE4BFB4BC24548C7357B" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E192DA91203798DBCD" box="[151,681,1652,1678]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E192DA91203798DBCD" blockId="174.[151,681,1652,1678]" box="[151,681,1652,1678]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF3339E192DA91203798DBCD" bold="true" box="[151,681,1652,1678]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E192DA91203798DBCD" bold="true" box="[151,681,1652,1678]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E192BA91203798DBCD" ID-CoL="625XM" ID-ENA="249437" authority="Stickney" authorityName="Stickney" box="[247,681,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">PHOENICOCOCCIDAE Stickney</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E192DA91E83437DA25" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E192DA91E83437DA25" blockId="174.[151,1437,1724,1894]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
The family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E1936E91E834DCDB95" box="[291,493,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoenicococcidae</taxonomicName>
contains only one species,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E1917A91E831E2DB95" authority="Cockerell." authorityName="Cockerell." box="[823,1235,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1917A91E83163DB95" box="[823,1106,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Phoenicococcus marlatti</emphasis>
Cockerell.
</taxonomicName>
The species was originally included in the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E193FD91B43708DBB9" box="[432,569,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
, as subfamily
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E1909F91B436AEDBB9" box="[722,927,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phoenicococcinae">Phoenicococcinae</taxonomicName>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3339E1918491B4314BDBB8" author="Stickney, F. S." box="[969,1146,1760,1787]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref109041" refString="Stickney, F. S. (1934) The external anatomy of the red date scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, and its allies. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 404, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1934">Stickney (1934)</bibRefCitation>
but more recently, various authorities have felt that
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E193FA9051371EDA5D" box="[439,559,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E193FA9051371EDA5D" box="[439,559,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">P. marlatti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be elevated to family rank. It was listed as family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E1969F905030ADDA5D" box="[1234,1436,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoenicococcidae</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3339E192F0907D3731DA01" author="Brown, S. W. &amp; McKenzie, H. L." box="[189,512,1832,1859]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="141 - 170" refId="ref99216" refString="Brown, S. W. &amp; McKenzie, H. L. (1962) Evolutionary patterns in the armored scale insects and their allies (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae, Phoenicococcidae, and Asterolecaniidae). Hilgardia, 33, 141 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 33 n 04 p 141" type="journal article" year="1962">Brown &amp; McKenzie (1962)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E19043907C36AEDA01" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[526,927,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Phoenicococcidae" genus="Phoenicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marlatti">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E19043907C3619DA01" box="[526,808,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Phoenicococcus marlatti</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E19689907D31C5DA00" box="[1220,1268,1833,1859]" name="Iran" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Iran</collectingCountry>
, and is briefly reviewed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

199
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
<document id="EFD8A0851770E36725D9E611C0A45F99" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ortheziidae Amyot &amp; Serville" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="90D6C75D2CBA12980F883AB9CF7DB5DB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AE5DF85A6AA007F03895595D2DBA8921">
<mods:title id="D456C4454EBF2B5D88EE82206DF15C68">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B9889443E1516D66F769D81F9FDC351A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E8F454E28265F4213744889A2144E104">
<mods:roleTerm id="9ECF7744D11A4EF400A7D949603D69FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0DFA3F78D81AE82D464C3BA2EC1A85EA">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F466E4310D774D71A90CDEBBCC72F2B">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6FD713E7BD4A14583E7F26472A535689" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1072C0AC8E40AAC655B6DF24A8E2CD48">
<mods:roleTerm id="CB9557438A64C1F6822A1FBAFF611AF6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="649C7C39B0A1E6B3BB1A46835998F009">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1651FD18DE8308A68AD2EECD48884B6F" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="73AD90F419B5DCDCFF08C5E27E2936A6">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="31B2036B79BFA3EE7FD7075ED3FA30F6" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7D8A327195A7FE36F1C703ABF5F6FFE2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F66E4665871AA9A8FF5BC6C2DDDA9FFF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="1EF533384B351E20A6FED0A024D87EA1">
<mods:title id="1DCBE0BC871DFE4B326FD41C1421FA33">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F1F54F5E7CFA3C7B8CE29C0546DA6412">
<mods:date id="D325ADCA4C0BA404858589ABA26F6444">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="52BD9B5E6CD83105EC2A9B4E6456AC70" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F67EC257B8C541A09E278C0B06B45CD9">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="721A8C1C3288351589C86A39C7755B57" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5909F11C33477E4C66E6F469AFC72188">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1E684D1E965188A36360285B141434AA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7CC1AFF7FBD20F2E4AA4B2AFA6DB8EEB">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EC0259FF40DDAFA9BF875925630FBF11" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9FFDF2D1D9B493CDF8080CA0C4DA68C7">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A63F900CD13504D30AC60B5A01EB1D04">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="1E10D13ECEB79E49464B5EE834A73740">
<mods:url id="31F02D1EA9E39E883A640CFFB7EA8976">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6DE40BC9C2338472143D8524433B262F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4A5F70A28635C345ADEA30B2B17F8508" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="47A1C5FE54C1D6A83A928DD9BEB3937B" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C1D6D3D928A76A49C876E986732600D4" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BA530A1C4D9C9999EA749F6265383997" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3739E592DA91593799DB64" box="[151,680,1549,1575]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E592DA91593799DB64" blockId="170.[151,680,1549,1575]" box="[151,680,1549,1575]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF3739E592DA91593799DB64" bold="true" box="[151,680,1549,1575]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E592DA91593799DB64" bold="true" box="[151,680,1549,1575]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E592BA91593799DB64" ID-CoL="DQP" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" box="[247,680,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">ORTHEZIIDAE Amyot &amp; Serville</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3739E592DA9101347EDA41" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E592DA9101347EDA41" blockId="170.[151,1437,1621,2007]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
The family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E5935391013490DB2C" box="[286,417,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ortheziidae</taxonomicName>
is considered to be one of the most ancient families of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E5966B910131F2DB2C" box="[1062,1219,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" infraOrder="Coccomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Coccomorpha</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E5969991013054DB2C" author="Koteja, J." box="[1236,1381,1621,1647]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref104203" refString="Koteja, J. (1996) Cataloguing fossil scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea). Inclusion Wrostek, 22, 2." type="journal volume" year="1996">Koteja 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E5973F91023450DBD0" author="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="758 - 783" refId="ref110217" refString="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A. (2012) Phylogeny of ensign scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Ortheziidae) based on the morphology of recent and fossil females. Systematic Entomology, 37, 758 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00638. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Vea &amp; Grimaldi 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E59322912D349ADBD0" author="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A." box="[367,427,1657,1683]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref110280" refString="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal volume" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
), being either ancestral to all other scale insects or a ‘primitive’, isolated branch of the archaeococcoids (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E5932C91C9376FDBF4" author="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A." box="[353,606,1693,1719]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="758 - 783" refId="ref110217" refString="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A. (2012) Phylogeny of ensign scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Ortheziidae) based on the morphology of recent and fossil females. Systematic Entomology, 37, 758 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00638. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Vea &amp; Grimaldi 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E5902691C93799DBF4" author="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A." box="[619,680,1693,1719]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref110280" refString="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal volume" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
). It currently contains 24 genera and 214 species (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E596A691C93425DB98" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E592DA919635F8DB98" box="[151,201,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The two ortheziid species currently known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5910191963648DB9F" box="[844,889,1730,1756]" name="Iran" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Iran</collectingCountry>
belong to the genera
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E596239195305CDB98" authority="Bosc d'Antic" authorityName="Bosc d'Antic" box="[1134,1389,1729,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Orthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E59623919531E1DB98" box="[1134,1232,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Orthezia</emphasis>
Bosc d’Antic
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E592DA91B1347EDA41" authority="Sulc." authorityName="Sulc." box="[151,335,1765,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Ortheziola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E592DA91B1343EDBBC" box="[151,271,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ortheziola</emphasis>
Šulc.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3739E5928A905D35DFDA94" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E5928A905D35DFDA94" blockId="170.[151,1437,1621,2007]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E5928A905D3480DA60" bold="true" box="[199,433,1801,1827]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
In life, some ortheziid species occur on leaf veins and twigs in association with sooty mould growths, where they are often quite conspicuous; others live in leaf litter or moss, or underground. The adult females secrete symmetrical white wax plates on the dorsum and margins. A long, often fluted ovisac present attached to the posterior end of the body (not the host); this is carried about by the mobile female like a white flag (hence the common name, ‘ensign scales’). The legs and antennae are quite long and usually dark brown (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E5970A90CD35D3DA94" author="Watson, G. W." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="413 - 414" refId="ref110509" refString="Watson, G. W. (2022 b) 4.13. 1 Red date scale, Phoenicococcus marlatti (Cockerell, 1899). In: Kondo, T. &amp; Watson, G. W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 413 - 414." type="book chapter" year="2022">Watson 2022b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FF3639E492DA91913708DA65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385693" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385693/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" startId="171.[151,250,1733,1757]" targetBox="[161,1430,185,1703]" targetPageId="171" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3639E492DA91913708DA65" blockId="171.[151,1436,1733,1830]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E492DA91913410DB9E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1733,1757]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 84.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3639E493999192364BDB9D" authority="(Hall)" baseAuthorityName="Hall" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[468,890,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Pseudaspidoproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyphaeniacus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E4939991923602DB9D" box="[468,819,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus</emphasis>
(Hall)
</taxonomicName>
, developed from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3639E49662919231EADB9D" author="Morrison, H." box="[1071,1243,1734,1758]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref106698" refString="Morrison, H. (1928) A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 52, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1928">Morrison (1928)</bibRefCitation>
, page 139, fig. 66, and published in
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3639E4930691BE34C0DA41" author="Watson, G. W." box="[331,497,1770,1794]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="413 - 414" refId="ref110509" refString="Watson, G. W. (2022 b) 4.13. 1 Red date scale, Phoenicococcus marlatti (Cockerell, 1899). In: Kondo, T. &amp; Watson, G. W. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 413 - 414." type="book chapter" year="2022">Watson (2022b)</bibRefCitation>
, page 330, fig. 19. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the author and the copyright holder.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3639E3928A9000306BDC5E" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3639E3928A9000306BDC5E" blockId="171.[151,1436,1876,2011]" lastBlockId="172.[151,1436,150,285]" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E4928A900034E4DA2D" bold="true" box="[199,469,1876,1902]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
The most diagnostic characters of the family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3639E491A890003159DA2D" box="[997,1128,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ortheziidae</taxonomicName>
are (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3639E496EE900031C8DA2C" box="[1187,1273,1876,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
): adult female circular or oval;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E49302902C348DDAD1" bold="true" box="[335,444,1912,1938]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3639E49387902C3701DAD0" box="[458,560,1912,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fig. 85A</figureCitation>
) each with 3‒8 segments, apex with a thick terminal seta;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E496FA902C31D8DAD1" bold="true" box="[1207,1257,1912,1938]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">eyes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3639E496BA902C306ADAD0" box="[1271,1371,1912,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fig. 85B</figureCitation>
) each situated on a short stalk;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E493FE90C834D1DAF5" bold="true" box="[435,480,1948,1974]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3639E493BC90C83764DAF4" box="[497,597,1948,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fig. 85C</figureCitation>
) usually as long as body, leg setae robust, spine-like or hair-like, each leg with fused trochanter and femur; atrium of
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3639E490369094367DDA99" bold="true" box="[635,844,1984,2010]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">thoracic spiracles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3639E49116909436F1DA98" box="[859,960,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fig. 85D</figureCitation>
) often with multilocular pores just outside each opening;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E3937597C23717DDF3" bold="true" box="[312,550,150,176]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">abdominal spiracles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3139E3907997C337A4DDF2" box="[564,661,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 85E</figureCitation>
) numbering 4‒8 pairs;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E391DA97C336E9DDF2" bold="true" box="[919,984,151,177]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">pores</emphasis>
in derm (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3139E3960C97C33190DDF2" box="[1089,1185,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 85F</figureCitation>
) mostly quadrilocular, rarely multilocular disc pore or clustered pores present;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E3914C97EF365DDD97" bold="true" box="[769,876,186,213]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">anal ring</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3139E3913797EF36EEDD96" box="[890,991,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 85G</figureCitation>
) located on surface at apex of abdomen, containing pores and bearing setae; ventral
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E39030978A363BDDBA" bold="true" box="[637,778,222,249]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">ovisac band</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3139E39154978B36B1DDBA" box="[793,896,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[185,1410,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@173.[176,1410,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 85. Adult female of Orthezia urticae Linnaeus, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2015), page 164, fig. 3, with kind permission from the authors and the Chief Editor of Turkish Journal of Zoology. A, antenna with robust apical seta; B, prominent eye; C, legs with trochanter and femur fused; D, thoracic spiracle; E, abdominal spiracles; F, different types of disc-pores; G, anal ring with six setae and many concentric rings of pores; H, ovisac band of spines and pores; I, hind tarsus without digitules, and claw with digitule and denticles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385697/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 85H</figureCitation>
) usually present, composed of spines and pores; body with a few slender setae and numerous rather stout spines, latter grouped in definite bands and clusters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3139E392DA963B30ACDF45" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="key">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3139E392DA963B31ECDCCA" blockId="172.[151,1245,366,393]" box="[151,1245,366,393]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E392DA963B3622DCCB" bold="true" box="[151,787,366,393]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3139E3938D963A3788DCCA" ID-CoL="DQP" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,697,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">ORTHEZIIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3139E3908D963A363CDCCB" box="[704,781,366,392]" name="Iran" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
based on slide-mounted adult females.
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFF3139E392DA96E030ACDF45" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<key id="642361BFFF3139E392DA96E030ACDF45" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3139E392DA96E030ADDCA4" blockId="172.[151,1437,436,518]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3139E392DA96E030ADDCA4" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
1(0) Tibia and tarsus not fused; antenna usually with 8 segments; abdominal spiracles small but distinct, numbering 7 or 8 pairs....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3139E3968F968430ADDCA4" ID-CoL="63H5B" authority="Bosc d'Antic" authorityName="Bosc d'Antic" box="[1218,1436,464,487]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Orthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E3968F96843026DCA5" bold="true" box="[1218,1303,464,486]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Orthezia</emphasis>
Bosc d’Antic
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3139E392DA96BB30ACDF45" blockId="172.[151,1437,436,518]" box="[151,1437,494,518]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3139E392DA96BB30ACDF45" box="[151,1437,494,518]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
- Tibia and tarsus fused; antenna usually with 3 segments; abdominal spiracles not clearly defined..........
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3139E3974996BA30ACDF45" ID-CoL="63H5D" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1284,1437,494,518]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Ortheziola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3139E3974996BA305DDF47" bold="true" box="[1284,1388,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Ortheziola</emphasis>
Šulc
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

230
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
<document id="7B52102F42FFFACF980E9833325B8B9C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Monophlebidae Signoret" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="9DD6FB3994D78CE0B711AD8580ECEA36" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E85666CFFDB3AD1DAB979F7FBF659FDA">
<mods:title id="6DC9A5EEC8D5CE37DD470DEEE7821AFA">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E9965F14877D5378C6B2D64F7BA117D2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BBC69B02E5E72B6C68A581CCE2D68110">
<mods:roleTerm id="340E387927123500C6B9CDFADC8DEF21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="48E74B540C7E9DF4AD3198BCA28FA2D9">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="245B61E424FF849DF2269365DBC89D2E">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="13A7D2897FEEDC01292EC287D876B8B0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="37C3550DD3CAEE82983F93726C9F7FAC">
<mods:roleTerm id="6572F9BD67ECF98D7CD2BC7C4B61670E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="50CB67CB38E788A2C4649E27D68D851D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0626187942927CABDBE19559E1C59FAB" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7A3B8AE7E6E7412BA8CCADC756272A07">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A16A21400981C147C709A33932BBBC9D" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AB47B5EABA30835EBC5091F90259DC9D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="00EA120D6BFB052F8DD0073F84195F3A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A30B1B7D09233BCE68C87E9B2EBD724D">
<mods:title id="DB6F7C06C29051C527EF5EE93039238D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1AAB263EA1448033683D34C67118D346">
<mods:date id="E6AE65906D14FED9000519317FEA0EA6">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="ADDB73D934AB34DCF03B0083509578B6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DF67F20B7369F67968277FB54D33A1A9">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="43CABDE90EE1817F692598971C8B57EC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BC39E3AAD1D0A9D667BE2DA75F5B7DDA">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F8826C42C61ACE373A4A3CEA4AFE7108" type="issue">
<mods:number id="EE4A28426945051171EC2932D0E3F65F">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B42DC2C4C3FD6AD43546967EF14C55C2" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E76158E6E23D221A7F887130BF950E26">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="20BB8E37AFD97283BC626407BB48CD28">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="3708E43F51E6DFC83CB2B1E1E61D08BA">
<mods:url id="3A5D1E11582D7ED8B5E839D017C5E64F">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="60C44FD155CF06FF98691DE43D0A9697">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7A784ECBBBF0044658C887C4D39DAE09" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4E4FA3BD7DC4B9EA5A2514279613C66" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E497E1101DB755820E4E1387044E2558" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FD1B1F469BFF0E8E33F12FF4C8D1F88E" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09" lastPageId="161" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3D39EF92DA97C33743DDF2" box="[151,626,151,177]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3D39EF92DA97C33743DDF2" blockId="160.[151,626,151,177]" box="[151,626,151,177]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF3D39EF92DA97C33743DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,626,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF92DA97C33743DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,626,151,177]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF92BA97C33743DDF2" ID-CoL="BXWMH" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[247,626,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">MONOPHLEBIDAE Signoret</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3D39EF92DA978B3184DC92" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3D39EF92DA978B3184DC92" blockId="160.[151,1437,223,718]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3D39EF92DA978B3462DDBA" author="Morrison, H." box="[151,339,223,249]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref106698" refString="Morrison, H. (1928) A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 52, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1928">Morrison (1928)</bibRefCitation>
studied the highly diverse
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF90C7978B3616DDBA" box="[650,807,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF916297B43693DDBA" box="[815,930,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">sensu lato</emphasis>
, in which he recognized several subfamilies including
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF934A9657348ADC5E" box="[263,443,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monophlebinae">Monophlebinae</taxonomicName>
. Subsequently, based on the morphology of the adult female mouthparts of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF974D965730ACDC5E" box="[1280,1437,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF92DA967C343ADC02" box="[151,267,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">sensu lato</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3D39EF93569673348BDC02" author="Koteja, J." box="[283,442,295,321]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="267 - 325" refId="ref104086" refString="Koteja, J. (1974) On the phylogeny and classification of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) (discussion based on the morphology of the mouthparts). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 19, 267 - 325." type="journal article" year="1974">Koteja (1974)</bibRefCitation>
proposed six families including elevation of the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF91BE96733192DC02" box="[1011,1187,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monophlebinae">Monophlebinae</taxonomicName>
to family level.
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3D39EF9728967C3409DC25" author="Tang, F. T. &amp; Hao, J. J." pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref109481" refString="Tang, F. T. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) [The Margarodidae and others of China]. Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao (1995)</bibRefCitation>
also recognized the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF906A961F37E6DC26" box="[551,727,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
as a distinct family. More recently, based on features of male morphology,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3D39EF9362963B377ADCCA" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Foldi, I." box="[303,587,367,393]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref102775" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Foldi, I. (2006) A review of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and some related taxa based on the morphology of adult males. Zootaxa, 1263 (1), 1 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1263.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Hodgson &amp; Foldi (2006)</bibRefCitation>
recognised 11 families within the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF9196963B3149DCCA" box="[987,1144,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Margarodidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF96CC962431C4DCCA" box="[1153,1269,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">sensu lato</emphasis>
(including the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF92DA96C7347DDCEE" box="[151,332,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
). Today the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF939C96C737B0DCEE" box="[465,641,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
comprises about 268 described species in 49 genera worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3D39EF971D96C73447DC92" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF92B796EC341ADC92" box="[250,299,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The monophlebids known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3D39EF90BC96EC362FDC91" box="[753,798,440,466]" name="Iran" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Iran</collectingCountry>
include four genera and six species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3D39EF928A968F3132DF8E" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3D39EF928A968F3132DF8E" blockId="160.[151,1437,223,718]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF928A968F349DDCB6" bold="true" box="[199,428,475,501]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
Members of the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF9021968F362DDCB6" box="[620,796,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
are found on plant stems, branches and leaves, and often prefer woody hosts. Body of adult female relatively large and ovoid, up to
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFF3D39EF91BA96AB3179DF59" box="[1015,1096,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long or more. In life, usually covered with white / yellow / brown wax secretions, these often flocculent, but occasionally without visible wax covering, sometimes with waxy projections from the body margins. To protect the eggs, adult females of some species form a large, sculptured white ovisac beneath and behind the abdomen, or develop a hollow marsupium by indentation of the venter of the abdomen. Antennae and legs well developed and heavily sclerotized, dark brown; antennae each with 7‒11 segments; legs all similar in size (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3D39EF916195E736C6DF8E" author="Miller, D. R. &amp; Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G." box="[812,1015,691,718]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="61 - 78" refId="ref105633" refString="Miller, D. R., Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G. (2014) Scale Insects, edition 2, a tool for the identification of potential pest scales at U. S. A. ports-of-entry (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) ZooKeys, 431, 61 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 431.7474" type="journal article" year="2014">
Miller
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF913695E0369DDF8E" box="[891,940,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FF3D39EF92DA906A31AADA39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385671/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" startId="160.[151,250,1854,1878]" targetBox="[157,1430,743,1824]" targetPageId="160" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3D39EF92DA906A31AADA39" blockId="160.[151,1436,1854,1914]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3D39EF92DA906A3410DA15" bold="true" box="[151,289,1854,1878]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 78.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF9365906A34FADA15" box="[296,459,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3D39EF9398906A3717DA15" box="[469,550,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Iceryini">Iceryini</taxonomicName>
, adult female morphology, from Unruh &amp; Gullan (2008), page 14, Fig. 1. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3C39EE928A97C236F2DC93" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE928A97C236F2DC93" blockId="161.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE928A97C23787DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,694,150,176]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Diagnostic characters of the adult female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3C39EE908A97C2362DDDF3" box="[711,796,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="160.[151,250,1854,1878]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,743,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-257@160.[151,1436,741,1830]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="FIGURE 78. Monophlebidae: Iceryini, adult female morphology, from Unruh &amp; Gullan (2008), page 14, Fig. 1. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385671/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
): body up to
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFF3C39EE91F997C23135DDF2" box="[948,1028,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long or more, usually broadly oval: derm membranous or more-or-less sclerotized;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE90F697EE3619DD97" bold="true" box="[699,808,186,212]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">antennae</emphasis>
well developed, each with 7‒11 segments;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE976B97EE3062DD97" bold="true" box="[1318,1363,186,212]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">legs</emphasis>
large, all similar in size;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE9324978A373DDDBB" bold="true" box="[361,524,222,248]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">claw digitules</emphasis>
not reaching to tip of claw and usually not enlarged apically;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE9687978A30ADDDBB" bold="true" box="[1226,1436,222,248]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">thoracic spiracles</emphasis>
large, each with a bar and with or without a cluster of pores on derm just outside opening, but always without pores within atrium; dorsal
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE93C796723748DC03" bold="true" box="[394,633,294,320]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">abdominal spiracles</emphasis>
numbering 2‒8 pairs, usually visible;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE96679672300CDC03" bold="true" box="[1066,1341,294,320]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">multilocular disc-pores</emphasis>
present, with variety in their internal structure (of taxonomic significance); hair-like
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE91AF961E312CDC27" bold="true" box="[994,1053,330,356]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">setae</emphasis>
usually densely distributed, rarely sparse, over entire body;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE93E3963A372CDCCB" bold="true" box="[430,541,366,392]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">anal tube</emphasis>
present, always definitely developed and dorsal in position, although sometimes situated fairly near posterior apex of abdomen, the inner end with a simple sclerotized ring with or without pores; ventral
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE92A196E2346DDC93" bold="true" box="[236,348,438,464]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">cicatrices</emphasis>
always present; ventral
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE902196E237C7DC93" bold="true" box="[620,758,438,464]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">marsupium</emphasis>
present or absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3C39EE92DA957630ADDE09" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="key">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA95763026DF7F" blockId="161.[151,1303,546,573]" box="[151,1303,546,573]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE92DA9576367CDF7F" bold="true" box="[151,845,546,572]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE938D957637C2DF7F" ID-CoL="BXWMH" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,755,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">MONOPHLEBIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3C39EE90B795763676DF7F" box="[762,839,546,572]" name="Iran" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
based on slide-mounted adult females.
</paragraph>
<key id="642361BFFF3C39EE92DA953330ADDE09" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFF3C39EE92DA953330ADDFD9" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA953330ADDF3F" blockId="161.[151,1437,615,842]" box="[151,1436,615,637]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3C39EE92DA953330ADDF3F" box="[151,1436,615,637]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">1(0) Abdominal spiracles numbering 4‒7 pairs................................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA95D130ADDFD9" blockId="161.[151,1437,615,842]" box="[151,1436,644,666]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3C39EE92DA95D130ADDFD9" box="[151,1436,644,666]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
- Abdominal spiracles numbering 2 or 3 pairs (Tribe
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE909D95D0362DDFD9" box="[720,796,644,666]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Iceryini">Iceryini</taxonomicName>
).......................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE974B95D130ADDFD9" ID-CoL="53CG" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[1286,1436,644,666]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE974B95D13074DFD9" bold="true" box="[1286,1349,645,666]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Icerya</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFF3C39EE92DA95F630ACDE53" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA95F630ADDF97" blockId="161.[151,1437,615,842]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3C39EE92DA95F630ADDF97" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
2(1) Body covered with hairs and/or spines, often of more than
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FF3C39EE916F95F63650DFF4" box="[802,865,674,695]" count="1" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
, not densely crowded. Antenna with 8‒11 segments (Tribe
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE92AF95EB345DDF96" box="[226,364,703,725]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" rank="tribe" tribe="Monophlebini">Monophlebini</taxonomicName>
)....................................................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA958930ACDE53" blockId="161.[151,1437,615,842]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3C39EE92DA958930ACDE53" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
- Body covered with short setae, finely pointed and densely crowded. Antenna usually with 8 or 9 segments (Tribe
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE976E958830BBDFB1" box="[1315,1418,732,754]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" rank="tribe" tribe="Drosichini">Drosichini</taxonomicName>
)........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE96BA95AD30ACDE53" ID-CoL="48DV" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1271,1437,761,784]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Drosicha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE96BA95AD3063DE4C" bold="true" box="[1271,1362,761,783]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Drosicha</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFF3C39EE92DA944330ADDE09" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA944330ADDE6E" blockId="161.[151,1437,615,842]" box="[151,1436,791,813]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3C39EE92DA944330ADDE6E" box="[151,1436,791,813]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
3(2) Abdominal spiracles numbering 7 pairs............................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE9635944330ADDE6E" ID-CoL="6438Z" authority="Morrison" authorityName="Morrison" box="[1144,1436,791,813]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Pseudaspidoproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE96359443300CDE6E" bold="true" box="[1144,1341,791,813]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Pseudaspidoproctus</emphasis>
Morrison
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3C39EE92DA946130ADDE09" blockId="161.[151,1437,615,842]" box="[151,1436,820,842]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFF3C39EE92DA946130ADDE09" box="[151,1436,820,842]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
- Abdominal spiracles numbering 4 pairs....................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3C39EE9691946030ADDE09" ID-CoL="4RF4" authority="Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" box="[1244,1436,820,842]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Gueriniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3C39EE96919460307CDE09" bold="true" box="[1244,1357,820,842]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Gueriniella</emphasis>
Fernald
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

572
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
<document id="C00B891BA2696BB4C039FA5F834A4746" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Coccidae Fallen" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="9879B48140842B2B03E16AD4B378DBAD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B71497724179759EC5C7654C18EC79DB">
<mods:title id="50C6FBC9333BA1CA6200D6F76F572832">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9C96A0E93904101043655091F7B0B0A6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D794EC121D8032E8CE166A9AA49C98B">
<mods:roleTerm id="D6C2235F499926762A6072B24959FCF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D54B6E62371BCEECD4BDB2D4ACB39789">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4BDACCC5F80E95D1EC27D994517E4D32">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FD713EECD1AE64922CEF59D0F3130EDF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="146DA1D3FB8B6B132AB41EAEB46CC255">
<mods:roleTerm id="71BD4BD8BFDFC2CE2E57EA692BB429E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="73938C7B8B3AB24E8B334A2E73EB4F37">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BF3E76072B879DE6C084E86442BD31E3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9E35A70EBCA2B3BDC3F00A17E2DF4F25">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA64C11C87134A89A2A52F6CDDAED61A" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1A52D913639CBB983E84224610D80070">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="59AD75100CAE39F34D393982E73F1528" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BF4D9AD324F5C9C7E74E3A7D6E7E1017">
<mods:title id="DDCE08FAA0920460E5870DCD0C9CC626">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A038F49CACADC65A03276F4EABE8A385">
<mods:date id="E06A8C06277B3ED93BD9DCF54D0ECE52">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="692F0EB138E017E724644B0E11CF8D66" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C24381A7A24299550D778FDCFD005049">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F8A5E6F7EA4CB8AD98120BACD6AA9A86" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B1F665F59F9502260370CDDFDD7361D3">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3DCC014E8B842793E47B5A8430B023D1" type="issue">
<mods:number id="04384F47D4DBCBC7271B3F7828C6154E">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A4E827A1BFBFD1F631F3DB2525B6525E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="569761FCEF3411F1C5631263B5F4E3A1">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9ABF8EAFCA4FD354B6DC360A59FBC293">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="25C10B7AEDA5DB0CF9D704329327C3C7">
<mods:url id="EFF4F47D5FB927BE800284475ED07357">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="C04A395D9562B2F45A7C7851B8B67CF3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="257E8D863178AE282E25412A42292E5F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BF0001E4D13EBC0A7D615E81B58A0040" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EB10D59B2558978C81D726D2600DD68B" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6BB672840D3F73A650FFEECB75DBD6FB" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" box="[151,492,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" blockId="33.[151,492,150,177]" box="[151,492,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,492,150,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E92DA97C334DDDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,492,150,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E92BA97C334DDDDF2" ID-CoL="8D9" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[247,492,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">COCCIDAE Fallèn</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBC396E92DA978B343DDC01" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E92DA978B343DDC01" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
The family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E9353978B34B7DDBA" box="[286,390,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E93DB978B3723DDBA" box="[406,530,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E9052978B378EDDBA" box="[543,703,223,249]" class="Insecta" infraOrder="Coccomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Coccomorpha</taxonomicName>
, known as the soft scale insects) contains about 1233 species in 178 genera worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBC396E93EF965737E7DC5E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[418,726,259,286]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E9014965037BADC5E" box="[601,651,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The soft scale insects recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBC396E9625965031A4DC5D" box="[1128,1173,260,286]" name="Iran" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Iran</collectingCountry>
comprise 35 species in 20 genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBC396D928A961F3131DC26" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A961F36F7DF8D" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A961F349DDC26" bold="true" box="[199,428,331,357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
Adult female highly variable in appearance, depending on genus, age and host-plant. The
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E92DA963B35E3DCCA" bold="true" box="[151,210,367,393]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">body</emphasis>
can be almost flat to highly convex; frequently circular or broadly oval in outline, but sometimes elongate oval, especially species found on grasses. One of the most important characters is an
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E960196C73188DCEE" bold="true" box="[1100,1209,403,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal cleft</emphasis>
, which may be very deep but is sometimes quite short to almost absent. On the dorsum at the inner end of the anal cleft are a pair of approximately triangular
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93FB968F3709DCB6" bold="true" box="[438,568,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal plates</emphasis>
, covering the anal opening and
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91EB968F3122DCB6" bold="true" box="[934,1043,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal ring</emphasis>
; the plates are usually contiguous, and are hinged along the anterior margin so that they can be raised to allow the elimination of honeydew.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E976696AB35E4DF7E" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stigmatic clefts</emphasis>
are situated where spiracular disc-pore bands meet margins; these are often quite distinct, or narrow and very deep, but in some genera they may be only shallow indentations or absent.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91A695133010DF22" bold="true" box="[1003,1313,583,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Wax covering the dorsum</emphasis>
may be so thin and transparent as to be invisible; or glassy / filamentous / powdery; or thick, moist and opaque. In mature adult females of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E933795DB3730DFEA" box="[378,513,655,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
, a separate
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E90C995DB37FCDFEA" bold="true" box="[644,717,655,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ovisac</emphasis>
formed of wax filaments may be secreted from the abdomen to protect the eggs; these filaments are produced by
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E908F95E736F1DF8E" bold="true" box="[706,960,691,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral tubular ducts</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A95833464DE56" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A958334D8DFB2" bold="true" box="[199,489,727,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Microscopic characters:</emphasis>
The morphology of slide-mounted adult female
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E9654958331B0DFB2" box="[1049,1153,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
is discussed in detail by
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFBC396E92DA95AF3460DE56" author="Hodgson, C. J." box="[151,337,763,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref102646" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an Identification Manual to Genera. CAB International, Wallingford, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A9474346CD9E2" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A94743410DE7A" box="[199,289,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dorsum</emphasis>
. The
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E932D944B34C0DE7A" bold="true" box="[352,497,799,825]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">dorsal derm</emphasis>
of young (teneral) adult females is usually thin and unsclerotized. In the subfamilies Eriopeltinae and Fillippiinae, each female has dorsal tubular ducts, which secrete an enveloping woolly wax test; the derm may remain quite membranous at maturity. In other subfamilies, such as Ceroplastinae and many Eulecaniinae, the dorsal derm becomes heavily sclerotized soon after the final moult. The
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91B694DF314CDEE6" bold="true" box="[1019,1149,907,933]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anal plates</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E96C394DF31DDDEE6" box="[1166,1260,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9M</figureCitation>
) consist of two approximately triangular plates, usually contiguous, situated on the dorsal midline at the anterior end of the anal cleft. The hinged plates together cover the anal apparatus, and are a major character of the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBC396E96C3948731CBDEAE" box="[1166,1274,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
. Loose groups of dorsal pores known as
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93F494A337ACD952" bold="true" box="[441,669,1015,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">preopercular pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E90E094A33633D952" box="[685,770,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
) typically occur just anterior to the anal plates, although in some genera and species they may be much more widespread. Sometimes
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91A3934F314CD976" bold="true" box="[1006,1149,1051,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">dorsal setae</emphasis>
are present only in adult females; they are often flagellate but are sometimes capitate / clavate / lanceolate / conical. Dorsal
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E96BE936B30ADD91A" bold="true" box="[1267,1436,1087,1113]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">duct tubercles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E92D2933735C0D93E" box="[159,241,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
), each containing a duct, may be present, usually on the submargins.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E9653933731F9D93E" bold="true" box="[1054,1224,1123,1149]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E969793373007D93E" box="[1242,1334,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) may be present or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396E928A93F83042D8A6" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A93F8342BD986" box="[199,282,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Margin</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E936693FF34D1D986" bold="true" box="[299,480,1195,1221]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Marginal setae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E93BF93FF3775D986" box="[498,580,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
) form a single row, or occasionally a band several setae deep, around the dorsal margin; they are usually differentiated from other setae and may be simple, flagellate with variously divided and / or flattened tips, or conical, or even fan-shaped. On the thorax, where each of the four bands of spiracular disc-pores reaches the margin, a
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E938292433747D872" bold="true" box="[463,630,1303,1329]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic area</emphasis>
is present, usually consisting of an indented stigmatic cleft containing a few
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A926F3735D816" bold="true" box="[199,516,1339,1365]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic / spiracular setae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E905E926F375BD816" box="[531,618,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
) that differ in length and / or thickness from the marginal setae. Normally there are three stigmatic setae in each cleft and the median seta is usually longer than the lateral setae; or there may be large groups of stigmatic setae in each stigmatic area, such as in the Ceroplastinae; but occasionally stigmatic setae are not differentiated from the marginal setae, and may be displaced onto the dorsal submargin.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E976692F335E4D8A6" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stigmatic clefts</emphasis>
may be either shallow or deep, or absent. Occasionally the inner margin of each cleft may be sclerotized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBC396D928A92A43131DC26" blockId="33.[151,1437,223,2014]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E928A92A4343EDB4A" box="[199,271,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Venter</emphasis>
. The
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E931592BB34C8DB4A" bold="true" box="[344,505,1519,1545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral derm</emphasis>
is usually thin and membranous. The
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E918892BB31A9DB4A" bold="true" box="[965,1176,1519,1545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic grooves</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E968A92BB3014DB4A" bold="true" box="[1223,1317,1519,1545]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">furrows</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E977492BB30A5DB4A" box="[1337,1428,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
) run from each spiracular peritreme to the margin. There are two kinds of
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91B1914731E4DB6E" bold="true" box="[1020,1237,1555,1581]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral disc-pores</emphasis>
: (i)
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E97409147304BDB6E" bold="true" box="[1293,1402,1555,1581]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stigmatic</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E92DA916334A3DB12" bold="true" box="[151,402,1591,1617]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">spiracular disc-pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E93EC916334CBDB12" box="[417,506,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
), each usually with 5 loculi, forming a band of disc-pores in each stigmatic furrow (these pores secrete short, curved wax filaments); and (ii)
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E916C910F312BDB36" bold="true" box="[801,1050,1627,1653]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">pregenital disc-pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E9664910F31B2DB36" box="[1065,1155,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
), each usually with 6−10 or more outer loculi, present anterior and lateral to anogenital fold, often also present across some abdominal segments and sometimes on thoracic segments adjacent to each coxa; also occasionally on the head. Genital opening usually not visible, but
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93D391933760DBA2" bold="true" box="[414,593,1735,1761]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">anogenital fold</emphasis>
(which lies between the genital opening and opening of the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E96B5919335FDDA46" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">eversible anal tube</emphasis>
) often detectable. The structure and distribution of ventral
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E912191BF313FDA46" bold="true" box="[876,1038,1771,1797]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">tubular ducts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E965391BF3146DA46" box="[1054,1143,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) are important taxonomic characters; these ducts are sometimes similar to those on the dorsum (if present) but there may be several different
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFBC396E92DA906035E4DA0D" box="[151,213,1844,1870]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
, sometimes forming a submarginal band. Most
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E90A0906736B4DA0E" bold="true" box="[749,901,1843,1869]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ventral setae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E91D8906736DBDA0E" box="[917,1002,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
) are short and flagellate, but a few are longer (e.g. those between the antennal bases and medially on pregenital segments) and sometimes these can be of taxonomic significance.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E93E6902F34D2DAD6" bold="true" box="[427,483,1915,1941]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBC396E93BE902F3776DAD6" box="[499,583,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
) are usually well developed, each consisting of five segments: (i) the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E9712902F30A4DAD6" bold="true" box="[1375,1429,1915,1941]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">coxa</emphasis>
, which attaches to the venter, may be taxonomically important; (ii) each
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91F890CB3105DAFA" bold="true" box="[949,1076,1951,1977]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">trochanter</emphasis>
has a pair of large campaniform sensilla on each surface and a single long seta on the ventral side; (iii) the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E91A290973109DA9E" bold="true" box="[1007,1080,1987,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">femur</emphasis>
; (iv) the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBC396E96E9909731EBDA9E" bold="true" box="[1188,1242,1987,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">tibia</emphasis>
is always longer than the single tarsal segment. There is usually an
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D909397C236E8DDF3" bold="true" box="[734,985,150,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">articulatory sclerosis</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBF396D91A797C33175DDF2" box="[1002,1092,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
) between the tibia and tarsus; the presence or absence of this sclerosis is of taxonomic importance. In a few genera, the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D96DF97EF31EADD96" bold="true" box="[1170,1243,187,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">tarsus</emphasis>
can appear to be 2-segmented, particularly in the front leg, as in
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBF396D90E6978B3607DDBB" box="[683,822,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D90E6978B3607DDBB" box="[683,822,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Exaeretopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBF396D9121978B312BDDBA" box="[876,1050,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hadzibejliaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9121978B312BDDBA" box="[876,1050,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hadzibejliaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At the distal end of the tarsus is a pair of thin modified setae, the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D93B896573794DC5F" bold="true" box="[501,677,258,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">tarsal digitules</emphasis>
. The structure of the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D91DB965736FDDC5E" bold="true" box="[918,972,259,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">claw</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D964F96573195DC5F" bold="true" box="[1026,1188,258,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">claw digitules</emphasis>
show several features of taxonomic importance; the claw may have a
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D90FC9672363FDC03" bold="true" box="[689,782,294,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">denticle</emphasis>
on the plantar surface, present or absent. In the
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9762967330ADDC02" bold="true" box="[1327,1436,295,321]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFBF396D92D2961F35C8DC26" box="[159,249,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-135@34.[177,1411,381,1874]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 9. Coccidae, general morphology of the adult female. A, antenna; B, stigmatic furrow; C, quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; D, tubular ducts; E, ventral seta; F, hind tibia and trochanter; G, tibio-tarsal sclerosis; H, multilocular pregenital disc-pore; I, duct tubercle; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; L, preopercular pore; M, dorsal view of anal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
), the number of segments (up to 9) is also of taxonomic significance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FFBF396D92DA903E34A6DAAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385426/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1898,1922]" targetBox="[190,1403,394,1869]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBF396D92DA903E34A6DAAD" blockId="34.[151,1436,1898,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D92DA903E3422DAC1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBF396D9356903E344DDAC1" box="[283,380,1898,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
, general morphology of the adult female.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9165903E3670DAC1" bold="true" box="[808,833,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A,</emphasis>
antenna;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D91E8903E368DDAC1" bold="true" box="[933,956,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B,</emphasis>
stigmatic furrow;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D9637903E31A2DAC1" bold="true" box="[1146,1171,1898,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C,</emphasis>
quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D93C890DA34AFDAE5" bold="true" box="[389,414,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D,</emphasis>
tubular ducts;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D907490DA3761DAE5" bold="true" box="[569,592,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E,</emphasis>
ventral seta;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D909190DA37C1DAE5" bold="true" box="[732,752,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F,</emphasis>
hind tibia and trochanter;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D964F90DA312DDAE5" bold="true" box="[1026,1052,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G,</emphasis>
tibio-tarsal sclerosis;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D96B290DA3028DAE5" bold="true" box="[1279,1305,1934,1958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">H,</emphasis>
multilocular pregenital disc-pore;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D932390E6344EDA89" bold="true" box="[366,383,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">I,</emphasis>
duct tubercle;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D905B90E63718DA89" bold="true" box="[534,553,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">J,</emphasis>
marginal setae;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D908290E637D8DA89" bold="true" box="[719,745,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">K,</emphasis>
stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D96ED90E63186DA89" bold="true" box="[1184,1207,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">L,</emphasis>
preopercular pore;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBF396D973390E630ADDA89" bold="true" box="[1406,1436,1970,1994]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M,</emphasis>
dorsal view of anal plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFBE396C92DA97CC30ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="key">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA97CC319DDDF2" blockId="35.[151,1196,151,178]" box="[151,1196,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C92DA97CC37D0DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,737,151,178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C938D97C337B9DDF1" ID-CoL="8D9" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,648,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">COCCIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFBE396C90C297C337EDDDF2" box="[655,732,151,177]" name="Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
based on slide-mounted adult females.
</paragraph>
<key id="642361BFFFBE396C92DA978930ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA978930ADDC4C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA978930ADDDB1" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,220,242]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA978930ADDDB1" box="[151,1436,220,242]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
1(0) Dorsal setae thick, more-or-less conical with truncate tips.......................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96A8978830ADDDB1" ID-CoL="633MD" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[1253,1436,220,242]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96A897883074DDB1" bold="true" box="[1253,1349,220,242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eriopeltis</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA97AE30ADDC4C" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,250,272]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA97AE30ADDC4C" box="[151,1436,250,272]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsal setae conical or flagellate, tips blunt or sharp but never truncate ........................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA964330ADDC24" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA964330ACDC09" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA964330ACDC09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
2(1) Dorsum with rounded, fleshy lobes projecting beyond margins. Each leg with tibia and tarsus completely fused......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C963D966030ACDC09" ID-CoL="M8K" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1136,1437,308,330]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acantholecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C963D96603011DC09" bold="true" box="[1136,1312,308,330]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acantholecanium</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA960630ADDC24" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,338,360]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA960630ADDC24" box="[151,1436,338,360]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsum without projecting fleshy lobes. Each leg with tibia and tarsus entirely or partially distinct, never fully fused...... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA963B30ADDCE1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA963B30ADDCC7" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA963B30ADDCC7" box="[151,1436,367,389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3(2) Dorsum with at least 1 area formed of a dense concentration of intermingled preopercular pores and flagellate setae....... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA96D930ADDCE1" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,396,418]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA96D930ADDCE1" box="[151,1436,396,418]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsum without such areas............................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA96FE30ACDF5A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA96FE30ACDC9E" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA96FE30ACDC9E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
4(3) Dorsum with dense concentrations of simple preopercular pores and setae in triangular area on head and in patches immediately anterior to anal plates............................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96CB969330ACDC9E" ID-CoL="455Y" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1158,1437,455,477]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Didesmococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96CB9693302EDC9E" bold="true" box="[1158,1311,455,477]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Didesmococcus</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA96B130ACDF5A" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA96B130ACDF5A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Dorsum with a dense concentration of intermingled preopercular pores and flagellate setae in narrow medial elongate area from anterior of anal lobes to prothorax......................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96F0955530ACDF5A" ID-CoL="7KJ3" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1213,1437,513,537]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Sphaerolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96F09555305DDF54" bold="true" box="[1213,1388,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sphaerolecanium</emphasis>
Šulc
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA954B30ADDF33" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA954B30ADDF11" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA954B30ADDF11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
5(3) Dorsal and ventral tubular ducts extremely large, each duct with outer ductule with elongate ridges along its inner surface................................................................................. ....
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C968D956830ADDF11" ID-CoL="62TQ2" authority="Koteja" authorityName="Koteja" box="[1216,1436,572,594]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hadzibejliaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C968D95683066DF11" bold="true" box="[1216,1367,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hadzibejliaspis</emphasis>
Koteja
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA950E30ADDF33" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,602,624]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA950E30ADDF33" box="[151,1436,602,624]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- If both dorsum and venter with large tubular ducts, each outer ductule lacking longitudinal ridges..................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA952330ADDFE9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA952330ADDFCE" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,631,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA952330ADDFCE" box="[151,1436,631,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
6(5) Dorsum with large bilocular figure-of-eight pores on submargins and medial area............
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96C9952330ADDFCE" ID-CoL="62HFN" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" box="[1156,1436,631,653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Bodenheimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96C995233024DFCE" bold="true" box="[1156,1301,631,653]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bodenheimera</emphasis>
Bodenheimer
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA95C130ADDFE9" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,660,682]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA95C130ADDFE9" box="[151,1436,660,682]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsum without large bilocular figure-of-eight pores......................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA95E630ADDE7F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA95E630ACDFA6" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA95E630ACDFA6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
7(6) Body elongate oval, more than 2x as long as wide. Tarsus on each prothoracic leg with a pseudoarticulation, and often very strongly curved. Stigmatic spines, if differentiated, present singly in anterior stigmatic areas only....
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96F1959B30ACDFA6" ID-CoL="4HPW" authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" box="[1212,1437,719,741]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96F1959B3009DFA7" bold="true" box="[1212,1336,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Exaeretopus</emphasis>
Newstead
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA95B930ADDE7F" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA95B930ADDE7F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Body not strongly elongated, less than 1.8x as long as wide. Tarsus on each prothoracic leg without a pseudoarticulation, straight or only slightly curved. Stigmatic spines, if differentiated, present in both anterior and posterior stigmatic areas and usually numbering 2 or
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFBE396C938A947334DDDE7E" box="[455,492,807,829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
each area..................................................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA941130ADDEAF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA941130ADDED7" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA941130ADDED7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
8(7) In life, dorsum completely covered with very thick, moist wax. In a slide mount, dorsum with anal plates situated at centre or apex of heavily sclerotized caudal process. Stigmatic spines distinctly differentiated from marginal setae, present in groups of 15 or more in each spiracular cleft..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96B9942B30ADDED7" ID-CoL="3L7N" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[1268,1436,895,917]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96B9942B3056DED6" bold="true" box="[1268,1383,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceroplastes</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA94C930ADDEAF" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA94C930ADDEAF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- In life, dorsal wax cover thin and dry. In a slide mount, anal plates surrounded by membranous or sclerotized cuticle, not situated on a prominent process. Stigmatic spines, if distinctly differentiated from marginal setae, numbering
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFBE396C96B094EE300BDE93" box="[1277,1338,954,976]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.254" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1‒7 in</quantity>
each cleft or in an approximate row on margin...................................................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA94A130ADD907" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA94A130ACD96A" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA94A130ACD96A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
9(8) Dorsum with more-or-less single line of abundant preopercular pores along midline from just anterior to anal plates to mesothorax........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C9681934530ACD96A" ID-CoL="6CGN" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1228,1437,1041,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Palaeolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96819345305DD964" bold="true" box="[1228,1388,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Palaeolecanium</emphasis>
Šulc
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA936430ADD907" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1071,1093]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA936430ADD907" box="[151,1436,1071,1093]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Dorsal preopercular pores, if present, forming a group, not arranged in a long single line............................ 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA931930ADD93C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA931930ADD921" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA931930ADD921" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
10(9) Ventral tubular ducts very few or absent, not forming a dense submarginal band......................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96BB931830ADD921" ID-CoL="3RN8" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1270,1436,1100,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96BB9318300FD922" bold="true" box="[1270,1342,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA933E30ADD93C" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1130,1152]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA933E30ADD93C" box="[151,1436,1130,1152]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Ventral tubular ducts forming a concentrated submarginal band at least on abdomen and often on thorax and head also... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA93D330ADD9B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA93D330ADD9F9" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA93D330ADD9F9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
11(10) Each stigmatic cleft containing 4‒6 stigmatic setae arranged in 2 or 3 rows; stigmatic setae usually slightly longer than marginal setae..........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96D893F030ADD9F9" ID-CoL="4DZ6" authority="Guerin-Meneville" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" box="[1173,1436,1188,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ericerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96D893F031DBD9FA" bold="true" box="[1173,1258,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ericerus</emphasis>
Guérin-Méneville
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA939630ADD9B7" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA939630ADD9B7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Each stigmatic cleft containing 0‒3 stigmatic setae in a single row; stigmatic setae longer than / subequal in length to / shorter than marginal setae.................................................................................. 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA93A930ADD86C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA93A930ACD851" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1437,1276,1298]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA93A930ACD851" box="[151,1437,1276,1298]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
12(11) Anal plates each with 1 discal seta........................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C969493A830ACD851" ID-CoL="7BQJ" authority="Deplanche" authorityName="Deplanche" box="[1241,1437,1276,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C969493A83001D852" bold="true" box="[1241,1328,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Saissetia</emphasis>
Déplanche
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA924E30ADD86C" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1306,1328]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA924E30ADD86C" box="[151,1436,1306,1328]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Anal plates without discal setae........................................................................ 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA926330ADD829" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA926330ADD80F" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1335,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA926330ADD80F" box="[151,1436,1335,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">13(12) Stigmatic setae well developed, numbering 3 of unequal lengths with median seta by far the longest ................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA920130ADD829" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA920130ADD829" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Stigmatic setae poorly differentiated or not differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 0‒3 of subequal lengths....... 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA922630ACD8E4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA922630ADD8CB" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1393,1416]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA922630ADD8CB" box="[151,1436,1393,1416]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
14(13) Tibia freely articulating with tarsus, tibio-tarsal sclerosis present.........................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96C7922530ADD8CB" ID-CoL="63R6Z" authority="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" box="[1162,1436,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96C7922531C2D8C4" bold="true" box="[1162,1267,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
Targioni Tozzetti
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA92C430ACD8E4" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1437,1423,1447]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA92C430ACD8E4" box="[151,1437,1423,1447]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Tibia not freely articulating with tarsus, tibio-tarsal sclerosis absent..........................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96F992DB30ACD8E4" ID-CoL="63LKV" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[1204,1437,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96F992DB305DD8E6" bold="true" box="[1204,1388,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parthenolecanium</emphasis>
Šulc
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA92F830ADDB59" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA92F830ACD8A3" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA92F830ACD8A3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
15(13) Stigmatic setae not differentiated from marginal setae. Ventral tubular ducts absent from front of head; dorsal tubular ducts absent.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C9628929D30ACD8A3" ID-CoL="627PJ" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1125,1437,1481,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Acanthopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C9628929D3011D89C" bold="true" box="[1125,1312,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acanthopulvinaria</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA92BC30ADDB59" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA92BC30ADDB59" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Stigmatic setae usually somewhat differentiated from marginal setae. Ventral tubular ducts present on front of head; dorsal tubular ducts present................................................................................. 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA917630ADDB17" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA917630ADDB74" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1570,1592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA917630ADDB74" box="[151,1436,1570,1592]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
16(15) Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90DE917637E9DB74" box="[659,728,1570,1591]" count="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
........................................................ 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA911430ADDB17" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" box="[151,1436,1599,1621]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA911430ADDB17" box="[151,1436,1599,1621]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of 1 or
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90F2916B3635DB16" box="[703,772,1599,1621]" count="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
..................................................... 18
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA910830ACDB89" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA910830ACDBD3" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA910830ACDBD3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
17(16) Anal plates with outer corners angular. Stigmatic setae clearly differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 2 or 3 per stigmatic cleft. Dorsal tubular ducts with large terminal glands..................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96CD912D30ACDBD3" ID-CoL="642C5" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1152,1437,1657,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhizopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96CD912D3011DBCC" bold="true" box="[1152,1312,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhizopulvinaria</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA91CC30ACDB89" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA91CC30ACDB89" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Anal plates with outer corners rounded. Stigmatic setae poorly or not differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 0‒2 per stigmatic cleft. Dorsal tubular ducts without large terminal glands........................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96DD91E030ACDB89" ID-CoL="V6X" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1168,1437,1716,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Anapulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96DD91E03011DB89" bold="true" box="[1168,1312,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anapulvinaria</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA918630ADDA03" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA918630ADDA47" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA918630ADDA47" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">18(16) Each leg freely articulated between tibia and tarsus, with a small tibio-tarsal sclerosis. At maturity, cuticle around anal plates does not becomes more sclerotized than rest of dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts present.............................. 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA905930ADDA03" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA905930ADDA03" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Each leg not freely articulated between tibia and tarsus, without a tibio-tarsal sclerosis. At maturity, cuticle around anal plates becomes more sclerotized than rest of dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts absent......................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C968D907D30ADDA03" ID-CoL="4FSQ" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1216,1436,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C968D907D3008DA7C" bold="true" box="[1216,1337,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eulecanium</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFBE396C92DA901330ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA901330ACDA39" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA901330ACDA39" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
19(18) Antenna with 6 segments. Marginal setae of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90D3901337D9DA1E" box="[670,744,1863,1885]" count="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
, flagellate and spine-like. Dorsal setae flagellate. Dorsal tubular ducts without large terminal glands......................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C96D1903030ACDA39" ID-CoL="642BY" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1180,1437,1892,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhodococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C96D190303011DA39" bold="true" box="[1180,1312,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhodococcus</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFBE396C92DA90D630ADDAF6" blockId="35.[151,1437,220,1973]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFBE396C92DA90D630ADDAF6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Antenna with 8 segments. Marginal setae all of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFBE396C90E090D637DADAD4" box="[685,747,1922,1943]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
. Dorsal setae conical. Dorsal tubular ducts with large terminal glands........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFBE396C974990CB30ADDAF6" ID-CoL="7NYY" authority="Marchal" authorityName="Marchal" box="[1284,1436,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFBE396C974990CB3076DAF7" bold="true" box="[1284,1351,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stotzia</emphasis>
Marchal
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

331
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
<document id="1A0D8CEDE19EF5CCD24E7D0EFC5C169E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Eriococcidae Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="B7F385196DB7F21C409089D82264FAFB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="170B19F3F54B6908654AC9FAE3F739EB">
<mods:title id="E6FBA574E4CB8FA1233913D7BD142A75">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5354D490B0CA8C185F5FC517D4EFB619" type="personal">
<mods:role id="11C786EA46D368E8D2878C4EC78E969E">
<mods:roleTerm id="445AC13ADAFF475A6B63D50ACD9A29CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="40E9F0A113D141C5F39A6F329A0FB6F5">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="83417C79840D5F1CE2537DE1D7A7C7A0">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8BB00B74D8A2D2AA4711551ECA2C61BC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2FD5EFFD1ED484127FF0B12739FB8720">
<mods:roleTerm id="F001E7450D3484EBFEA19D347A7F5B50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3783B5664822AA9FB79E72D70E63B5C3">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AAA307E30E2FC4FF782967226B2B418" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8951FBC0EC7C05F4428AF854FC3E150B">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D9468AC7F5F56AF7928EED83CCF1C20A" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7FE204B6BD9543FCC012A64A18F5F2B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EE9B45F08D49EC98232E63FB95BDC2C2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0A748E71285DE7268172928C2F6BE7F4">
<mods:title id="C28162106311660A2E0916075B25732E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5DEFBF363CC3DAFAD9B56EDDEF422CCD">
<mods:date id="064B17D7DDC7A62EF075D39DB06929D0">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="36EA67B0380EA0888AE701B3C50FAC7F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="26B45A16F03DC51EE9B1520F4AF1408F">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F5BBB0EDA2E0AFA8299291EC5C6847FF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="645205768FCCFEC05EDB3B1CEDBDDB1F">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1D918B1933DDEA0D8F75EA7A0CE0F38B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="2B8AB3685FB0859F12B25E79382356FF">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="FF8471E1E7F53D32B68BDAFAB2DC9C51" unit="page">
<mods:start id="950B654722830B1EAA178AC1F907F205">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9AB35B90014FD01495495A4CB55B0329">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="37CA7CB2C2DDFA037653D2E4E7647487">
<mods:url id="FA67E7E3DDE159C2D52CB016398FF95E">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="B587B60E041AA04F9E234506E143EC0F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9B312388D6A17DC57C814A3AC56BAC96" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AACC1A4E2C3DC56ADE8857D21217C3A7" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A016755B98624B56E47A234AD20CEEC6" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EB7E1CDD380169AC5C559341A177C6BB" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF4392692DA90153750DA18" box="[151,609,1857,1883]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF4392692DA90153750DA18" blockId="105.[151,609,1857,1883]" box="[151,609,1857,1883]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFF4392692DA90153750DA18" bold="true" box="[151,609,1857,1883]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF4392692DA90153750DA18" bold="true" box="[151,609,1857,1883]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392692BA90153750DA18" ID-CoL="623PJ" ID-ENA="240288" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[247,609,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">ERIOCOCCIDAE Cockerell</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF4392492DA90DE3119DFC6" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF4392492DA90DE31E4DC26" blockId="105.[151,1437,1930,2028]" lastBlockId="107.[151,1437,151,1257]" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
The higher classification of the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF4392693B790DE37BDDAE7" box="[506,652,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
(felt scales) and related family-groups is far from being settled. There are no morphological characters that are found exclusively in all the taxa within the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF43926962990FA31CBDA8B" box="[1124,1274,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF43926974A90FA30ADDA8A" author="Ferris, G. F." box="[1287,1436,1966,1993]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref101291" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1957) A review of the family Eriococcidae (Insecta: Coccoidea). Microentomology, 22, 81 - 89." type="journal article" year="1957">Ferris (1957)</bibRefCitation>
grouped them because they lack any of the morphological features that distinguish other scale insect families. Miller &amp; Gimpel (2000) provide a useful summary of the fluctuating opinions on the higher classification of the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392492DA97EF3418DD96" box="[151,297,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
and closely related family-groups like
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392490BE97EF364EDD96" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1950" box="[755,895,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Beesoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beesoniidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392491C397EF3118DD96" box="[910,1065,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF63924967A97EF31DBDD96" box="[1079,1258,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cryptococcidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392496B597EF30A9DD96" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[1272,1432,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392492DA978B342CDDBA" box="[151,285,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF639249315978B34CFDDBA" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1939" box="[344,510,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Micrococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micrococcidae</taxonomicName>
over time. The
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392490F4978B367ADDBA" box="[697,843,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
as present understood is thought to be paraphyletic (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF6392492D296573490DC5E" author="Cox, J. M. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[159,417,259,285]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="13 - 17" refId="ref100113" refString="Cox, J. M. &amp; Williams, D. J. (1987) Do the Eriococcidae form a monophyletic group? Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ' Filippo Silvestri, ' 43 (1986 Supplement), 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="1987">Cox &amp; Williams 1987</bibRefCitation>
); molecular analyses using 18S support this hypothesis, indicating that it is comprised of several distinct evolutionary clades (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF639249063967337DCDC02" author="Cook, L. G. &amp; Gullan, P. J. &amp; Trueman, H. E." box="[558,749,295,321]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="43 - 52" refId="ref99918" refString="Cook, L. G., Gullan, P. J. &amp; Trueman, H. E. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25 (1), 43 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (02) 00248 - 8" type="journal article" year="2002">
Cook
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924903E96733792DC02" box="[627,675,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF6392490BA967336D4DC02" author="Cook, L. G. &amp; Gullan, P. J." box="[759,997,295,321]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="441 - 452" refId="ref99850" refString="Cook, L. G. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (2004) The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83 (4), 441 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2004.00396. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Cook &amp; Gullan 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF6392491A2967331EDDC02" author="Gullan, P. J. &amp; Cook, L. G." box="[1007,1244,295,321]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref102102" refString="Gullan, P. J. &amp; Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668 (1), 413 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1668.1.22" type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan &amp; Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF6392496A5967335C6DC26" author="Gwiazdowski, R. A. &amp; van Driesche R. G. &amp; Desnoyers, A. &amp; Lyon, S. &amp; Wu, S. A. &amp; Kamata, N. &amp; Normark, B. B." pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="9 - 18" refId="ref102157" refString="Gwiazdowski, R. A., van Driesche R. G., Desnoyers, A., Lyon, S., Wu, S. A., Kamata, N. &amp; Normark, B. B. (2006) Possible geographic origin of beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), an invasive pest in North America. Biological Control: Theory and Applications in Pest Management, 39 (1), 9 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2006.04.009" type="journal article" year="2006">
Gwiazdowski
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392497C59673359CDC26" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF63924934F961F3498DC26" author="Hodgson, C. J." box="[258,425,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="2001 - 3" refId="ref102675" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (2002) Preliminary phylogeny of some non-margarodid Coccoidea (Hemiptera) based on adult male characters. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura (Milano), 33 (2001 - 3), 129 - 137." type="journal article" year="2002">Hodgson 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF6392493F9961F34C1DC26" author="Hodgson, C. J." box="[436,496,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref102721" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (2020) A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males. Zootaxa, 4765 (1), 1 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4765.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF6392493B6961F363DDC26" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Hardy, N. B." box="[507,780,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref102836" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson &amp; Hardy 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF63924915A961F36F6DC26" author="Nan, N. &amp; Dean, G. J. &amp; Wu, S. A." box="[791,967,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="170 - 182" refId="ref106956" refString="Nan, N., Dean, G. J. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2013) A new felt scale genus Macroporicoccus gen. n. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from China, with a redescription of Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang and Hao) comb. n. Zootaxa, 3722 (2), 170 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Nan
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF639249100961F364FDC26" box="[845,894,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF63924919F961F31F8DC26" author="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A." box="[978,1225,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref110280" refString="Vea, I. M. &amp; Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal volume" year="2016">Vea &amp; Grimaldi 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FFF7392592DA90D0301DDA83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385552/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[151,250,1924,1948]" targetBox="[156,1436,183,1900]" targetPageId="106" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF7392592DA90D0301DDA83" blockId="106.[151,1436,1924,1987]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF7392592DA90D03410DADF" bold="true" box="[151,289,1924,1948]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF73925938290D03677DADF" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[463,838,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Pseudochermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraxini">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF73925938290D03788DADF" box="[463,697,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pseudochermes fraxini</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</taxonomicName>
, reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF73925964C90D0319BDADF" author="Williams, D. J." box="[1025,1194,1924,1948]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="347 - 393" refId="ref110681" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 51, 347 - 393." type="journal article" year="1985">Williams (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, page 387, fig. 17, with permission from the author and © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF73925966390FD3170DA82" bold="true" box="[1070,1089,1961,1985]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F,</emphasis>
Small frontal tubercle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF63924928A963B30ACDC92" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
The
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392492B7963B34BDDCCA" box="[250,396,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
currently contains about 681 species in 109 genera worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF639249610963B30A0DCCA" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[1117,1425,367,393]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF639249759963B3077DCCA" box="[1300,1350,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). It is the fourth largest family-group of scale insects after the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF63924911D96C736E7DCEE" box="[848,982,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
(2,711 species),
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392496D596C7307ADCEE" box="[1176,1355,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
(2,047 species) and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF63924936596E334A1DC92" box="[296,400,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
(1,239 species). The felt scales recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF63924913196E33698DC92" box="[892,937,439,465]" name="Iran" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Iran</collectingCountry>
number 17 species, belonging to six genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF63924928A968E3119DFC6" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924928A968E349BDCB7" bold="true" box="[199,426,474,500]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
The felt scales are very diverse. The adult females secrete a felted white, grey, or yellowish wax ovisac that encloses the body. The posterior end of the ovisac has a small opening that allows the first-instar nymphs to escape. Body colour varies from pink or red to purple, green or brown. The posterior end of the ovisac has a small opening that allows the first-instar nymphs to escape. However, some eriococcids living under the bark produce little or no ovisac secretion and are often pink or red (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF63924911C953F312DDFC6" author="Miller, D. R. &amp; Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G." box="[849,1052,619,645]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="61 - 78" refId="ref105633" refString="Miller, D. R., Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G. (2014) Scale Insects, edition 2, a tool for the identification of potential pest scales at U. S. A. ports-of-entry (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) ZooKeys, 431, 61 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 431.7474" type="journal article" year="2014">
Miller
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392491ED953F36E0DFC6" box="[928,977,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF63924928A95DA34DBD9AA" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF63924928A95DA34DBD9AA" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924928A95DA34FEDFEA" bold="true" box="[199,463,654,681]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
(using terminology from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF63924914E95DB36C5DFEA" author="Kozar, F. &amp; Kaydan, M. B. &amp; Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E." box="[771,1012,655,681]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref104366" refString="Kozar, F., Kaydan, M. B., Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E. (2013) Acanthococcidae and Related Families of the Palaearctic Region. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 680 pp." type="book" year="2013">
Kozár
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924911995DB36A0DFEA" box="[852,913,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
(2013))
</bibRefCitation>
: Slide-mounted adult female mostly elongate oval, often with well-developed, long, and sometimes sclerotized
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924919B95E7317CDF8E" bold="true" box="[982,1101,691,717]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">anal lobes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF63924961695E731F3DF8E" box="[1115,1218,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
), which bear strong dorsal spines or setae (normally three), similar in shape to enlarged marginal setae; each anal lobe often with a long apical anal lobe seta; the shapes and sizes of spines and setae are highly variable between species and genera.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392492BD944A3452DE7B" bold="true" box="[240,355,798,824]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF63924933E944B34E9DE7A" box="[371,472,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47B</figureCitation>
) each with 3–7 segments; setae on antennae mainly hair-like but apical and subapical segments also with strong, blunt, falcate sensory setae. Each
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924911D941636EDDE1E" bold="true" box="[848,988,834,861]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">frontal lobe</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392491A094173162DE1E" box="[1005,1107,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47C</figureCitation>
) situated near antennal base, developed but smaller than basal antennal segment, present or absent; sometimes a sensory
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392496C194323074DEC2" bold="true" box="[1164,1349,870,897]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">frontal tubercle</emphasis>
present in similar position; sometimes both present.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392490DD94DE37DEDEE7" bold="true" box="[656,751,906,932]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392490B294DF3656DEE6" box="[767,871,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47D</figureCitation>
) usually with 3 segments, but sometimes reduced to 2; basal segment (when present) bearing 2 setae.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924909594FB3621DE8A" bold="true" box="[728,784,943,969]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Eyes</emphasis>
situated on venter, usually near margin.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924969894FB303CDE8A" bold="true" box="[1237,1293,943,969]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Legs</emphasis>
usually well developed; hind leg coxa (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392493F09487372EDEAE" box="[445,543,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47E</figureCitation>
) often with translucent pores; tibia sometimes shorter than tarsus, always with 4 distal setae and sometimes with 1 median seta also;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392490AF94A33629D952" bold="true" box="[738,792,1015,1041]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">claw</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF63924916594A336BBD952" box="[808,906,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47F</figureCitation>
) normally with a denticle and always with two digitules, these usually longer than claw and knobbed. Derm seldom with bilocular, trilocular or simple pores but often with oval disc (cruciform) pores (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF639249002936B3789D91A" box="[591,696,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47G</figureCitation>
). Derm normally with distinctive
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924967C936A3029D91A" bold="true" box="[1073,1304,1086,1113]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">microtubular ducts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF63924976A936B30BED91A" box="[1319,1423,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47H</figureCitation>
);
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392492DA933734B4D93E" bold="true" box="[151,389,1123,1149]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">macrotubular ducts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392493D8933734C0D93E" box="[405,497,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47I</figureCitation>
) often of 2 sizes. Dorsum and margins usually with conspicuous
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF639249695933735E3D9E2" bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">enlarged conical setae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392492A893D33476D9E2" box="[229,327,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47J</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924931093D234E2D9E3" bold="true" box="[349,467,1158,1184]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Anal ring</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392493A893D3377FD9E2" box="[485,590,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47K</figureCitation>
) normally sclerotized, with pores and 6 or 8 setae. Sclerotised triangular
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392492DA93FF35EED986" bold="true" box="[151,223,1195,1221]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">cauda</emphasis>
on dorsum anterior to anal ring, present or absent.
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924917593FF364CD986" bold="true" box="[824,893,1195,1221]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Vulva</emphasis>
ventral (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF6392491AB93FF317DD986" box="[998,1100,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,352,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-99@108.[177,1411,345,1904]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 47. General morphology of Eriococcidae, adult female. A, anal lobes; B, antenna; C, frontal lobe; D, labium; E, hind coxa; F, claw; G, cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores; H, microtubular duct; I, macrotubular duct; J, enlarged conical setae; K, anal ring; L, vulva; M, cauda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385554/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Fig. 47L</figureCitation>
) situated between abdominal segments VII–VIII or VI–VII.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF6392492DA926F30ADDB9B" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="key">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA926F31C6D816" blockId="107.[151,1271,1338,1365]" box="[151,1271,1338,1365]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392492DA926F361DD817" bold="true" box="[151,812,1338,1365]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF63924938D926E37E2D816" ID-CoL="623PJ" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,723,1338,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">ERIOCOCCIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF639249097926E3616D817" box="[730,807,1338,1364]" name="Iran" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
based on slide-mounted adult females.
</paragraph>
<key id="642361BFFFF6392492DA92D430ADDB9B" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFF6392492DA92D430ADD8F1" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA92D430ACD8D5" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1437,1407,1430]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA92D430ACD8D5" box="[151,1437,1407,1430]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
1(0) Tarsal and claw digitules all with acute tips.......................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF639249628922B30ACD8D5" ID-CoL="5YMN" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1125,1437,1407,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Neoacanthococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF639249628922B3011D8D6" bold="true" box="[1125,1312,1407,1429]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Neoacanthococcus</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA92C930ADD8F1" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1436,1437,1459]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA92C930ADD8F1" box="[151,1436,1437,1459]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">- Tarsal digitules with capitate (knobbed) tips; claw digitules usually capitate, rarely spine-like........................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFF6392492DA92EE30ADD8AE" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA92EE30ADD893" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1436,1466,1488]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA92EE30ADD893" box="[151,1436,1466,1488]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
2(1) Enlarged spinose setae restricted to margin or anal lobes only. Mostly on grasses............
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392496C992EE30ADD893" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[1156,1436,1466,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Anophococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392496C992EE3024D893" bold="true" box="[1156,1301,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Anophococcus</emphasis>
Balachowsky
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA928C30ADD8AE" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1436,1496,1518]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA928C30ADD8AE" box="[151,1436,1496,1518]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">- Enlarged spinose setae present over entire dorsum. Hosts various............................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFF6392492DA92A130ADDB64" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA92A130ADDB48" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1436,1524,1547]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA92A130ADDB48" box="[151,1436,1524,1547]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
3(2) Hind tibia with 5 setae (median seta present). Microtubular ducts short. Mostly on herbaceous plants.
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF63924968492A030ADDB48" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[1225,1436,1524,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924968492A03074DB49" bold="true" box="[1225,1349,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Rhizococcus</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA914730ADDB64" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1436,1554,1576]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA914730ADDB64" box="[151,1436,1554,1576]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">- Hind tibia with 4 setae (median seta absent). Microtubular ducts long. Mostly on woody plants....................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFF6392492DA916430ADDB20" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA916430ACDB05" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1437,1583,1606]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA916430ACDB05" box="[151,1437,1583,1606]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
4(3) Dorsal spinose setae much shorter than a marginal seta. Dorsum of anal lobes with robust setae............
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF639249741917B30ACDB05" authority="Cooke" authorityName="Cooke" box="[1292,1437,1583,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Uhleria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF639249741917B3069DB06" bold="true" box="[1292,1368,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Uhleria</emphasis>
Cooke
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA911930ADDB20" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" box="[151,1436,1613,1635]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA911930ADDB20" box="[151,1436,1613,1635]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">- At least some dorsal spinose setae about same length as a marginal seta. Dorsum of anal lobes with hair-like setae........ 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFF6392492DA913E30ADDB9B" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA913E30ADDBDD" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA913E30ADDBDD" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
5(4) Dorsum with macrotubular ducts only near margins. In life, ovisac not covering dorsum completely. Mostly found in bark crevices of elm (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392493CF91DC34C1DBDE" box="[386,496,1672,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392493CF91DC34F0DBDE" box="[386,449,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ulmus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
) but sometimes on other hosts....................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF63924969B91D330ADDBDD" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[1238,1436,1671,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Gossyparia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF63924969B91D33074DBDF" bold="true" box="[1238,1349,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Gossyparia</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF6392492DA91F130ADDB9B" blockId="107.[151,1437,1407,1752]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFF6392492DA91F130ADDB9B" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
- Dorsum with macrotubular ducts throughout. In life, ovisac covering entire body. Feeding locations various, hosts various (sometimes including
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392493FA91963714DB94" box="[439,549,1730,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392493FA919634C7DB94" box="[439,502,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ulmus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
)....................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF6392496E3919630ADDB9B" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[1198,1436,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF6392496E391963074DB9B" bold="true" box="[1198,1349,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Acanthococcus</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

216
data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
<document id="84CF41AE0F7E070CE9E62DF210AEB78C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Cryptococcidae Kosztarab" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1734095893699" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="744C3CF82AD4AEB7B15B23F0C987078B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="89DF2288EDF1B88CA29F38D4E52BF8E8">
<mods:title id="7FD8BC430BCE4DBDD055FE04E2DBAC02">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DA9F6547CC28312FB6298585754E24E1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5788F2B59694115A19D9370C29446D15">
<mods:roleTerm id="34F69E8B6CBD4661D8080741F5A6AFA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8EB27998F515F17454CD9CD1E8843BDF">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5AEC0CBDD753BD57865FA486EAA78E1">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5EADF1790B762527189776CF059E5939" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BF729F56467EE9D66F942B418229CAF8">
<mods:roleTerm id="3676DE2BC5C88BABC96B7C3777DCF610">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E555889B52DE6FFEE166150AB821D7D1">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA56CC7E7F61580780D97AD651BFEFE7" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C1DC2C94C2F93136D13C5A05F4014034">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C8E96AC34DB5CA67BA1D3F91ACAD657" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E38B446FFA43160B1FD85DCBF34A72C2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F804DC7A71B793B0E5CF34417B34A6B3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="37F6B06A9915525CEC010465F68EEF77">
<mods:title id="95FC040C2AA1C1441E132B6E7A84EAB7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9E5A00DC73A62B568ED9DBE5F5E0BCCC">
<mods:date id="C7CB586DF55B4C80C968891DD2082750">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8AAF9F7F77227AC9AD033587019E9B64" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="FD951ACD4F4CAC5B4FF0A3731434C871">2024-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E2500DE04DF3ECCD158BF335B0A0C54C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="830B9B6DE3AF05589C25ECCCA9E8F706">5542</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7B12EE0BD41A34BF678C0E8ABCD245DA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8B30AF48026ED50E353F7D4DE69405F6">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E5F1CA6BACC0B68DB7A61E472F293716" unit="page">
<mods:start id="F41F176AB897C8780DE97574B4476333">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6E38D1DC89DE615BAE285F33BC0271B5">202</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="CBD7AEFA3B7D1A2BA0335E99989739E9">
<mods:url id="762BFCEDF70EB879D70D057F30E27CB5">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="DF0C74FD977B15532FCDEE63137E32BC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9A3E5162B88047AF1CB3DB91149CC97E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAF8C6CAD3569A854B7FD2339907FF16" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="43C538DA0F0EFFDAA65C7345DADA89A4" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CB376031F94BC36EE6F0677DA6EF9C90" type="ZooBank">2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A92DA929437ABD898" box="[151,666,1472,1499]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A92DA929437ABD898" blockId="101.[151,666,1472,1499]" box="[151,666,1472,1499]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFF8392A92DA929437ABD898" bold="true" box="[151,666,1472,1499]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" reason="6">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A92DA929437ABD898" bold="true" box="[151,666,1472,1499]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92BA929437ABD898" ID-CoL="C22KK" authority="Kosztarab" authorityName="Kosztarab" box="[247,666,1472,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">CRYPTOCOCCIDAE Kosztarab</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF8392A92DA915C377FDA25" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A92DA915C3617DB95" blockId="101.[151,1437,1544,2039]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Historically, the two genera discussed here under the family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A9103915C36CFDB61" box="[846,1022,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cryptococcidae</taxonomicName>
have sometimes been placed within the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A928E91783464DB05" box="[195,341,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A9312917934E2DB05" box="[351,467,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">sensu lato</emphasis>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A905A917937DDDB04" author="Tang, F. T. &amp; Hao, J. J." box="[535,748,1580,1607]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref109481" refString="Tang, F. T. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) [The Margarodidae and others of China]. Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Miller &amp; Stocks 2022). The uncertain higher classification around the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A93569104349CDB29" box="[283,429,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
is discussed further under that family below. Molecular evidence using 18S places the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92DA91203454DBCD" authority="in" authorityName="IN" box="[151,357,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cryptococcidae in</taxonomicName>
the Gondwanan clade of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A90CA91203628DBCD" box="[647,793,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A91659120312DDBCC" author="Cook, L. G. &amp; Gullan, P. J." box="[808,1052,1652,1679]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="441 - 452" refId="ref99850" refString="Cook, L. G. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (2004) The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83 (4), 441 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2004.00396. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Cook &amp; Gullan 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A966591203077DBCD" author="Gwiazdowski, R. A. &amp; van Driesche R. G. &amp; Desnoyers, A. &amp; Lyon, S. &amp; Wu, S. A. &amp; Kamata, N. &amp; Normark, B. B." box="[1064,1350,1652,1679]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="9 - 18" refId="ref102157" refString="Gwiazdowski, R. A., van Driesche R. G., Desnoyers, A., Lyon, S., Wu, S. A., Kamata, N. &amp; Normark, B. B. (2006) Possible geographic origin of beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), an invasive pest in North America. Biological Control: Theory and Applications in Pest Management, 39 (1), 9 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2006.04.009" type="journal article" year="2006">
Gwiazdowski
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A9687912131CDDBCD" box="[1226,1276,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A971F912135C8DBF0" author="Nan, N. &amp; Dean, G. J. &amp; Wu, S. A." pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="170 - 182" refId="ref106956" refString="Nan, N., Dean, G. J. &amp; Wu, S. A. (2013) A new felt scale genus Macroporicoccus gen. n. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from China, with a redescription of Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang and Hao) comb. n. Zootaxa, 3722 (2), 170 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Nan
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A97C59121359CDBF1" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the higher classification of the family-groups related to
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A91B791CC31BDDBF1" box="[1018,1164,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
is still uncertain, so the
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92DA91E83476DB95" box="[151,327,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cryptococcidae</taxonomicName>
is treated separately here for convenience.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A91B437F7DA5D" blockId="101.[151,1437,1544,2039]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
The
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A92B791B4349BDBB9" box="[250,426,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cryptococcidae</taxonomicName>
contains two genera and eight described species worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF8392A961191B530A1DBB9" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[1116,1424,1760,1787]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A975E91B53074DBB9" box="[1299,1349,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF8392A92F9905135D5DA5C" box="[180,228,1797,1823]" name="Iran" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Iran</collectingCountry>
, two species in separate genera are known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF8392A928A907C377FDA25" blockId="101.[151,1437,1544,2039]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A907C349DDA01" bold="true" box="[199,428,1832,1858]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
Adult female living in bark crevices on trees; each insect is covered with a feltlike ovisac formed of fine, white, waxy secretions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF83929928A902435EADC02" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF83929928A902435EADC02" blockId="101.[151,1437,1544,2039]" lastBlockId="102.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A928A902434E7DAC8" bold="true" box="[199,470,1904,1931]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
Body of adult female oval (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A916F90243648DAC8" box="[802,889,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
), derm becoming sclerotized at full maturity in most species (but not in
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF8392A93F990C13786DAEC" box="[436,695,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagisuga">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A93F990C13786DAEC" box="[436,695,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Cryptococcus fagisuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A909F90C1360EDAEC" bold="true" box="[722,831,1941,1967]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A911C90C03688DAEC" box="[849,953,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 45A</figureCitation>
) each with 1–6 segments;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A96A290C1302DDAEC" bold="true" box="[1263,1308,1941,1967]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A976390C030A5DAEC" box="[1326,1428,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 45B</figureCitation>
) present / reduced to unsegmented stubs / entirely absent;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A916290EC36A6DA91" bold="true" box="[815,919,1976,2002]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">spiracles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF8392A91E790EC3120DA90" box="[938,1041,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 45C</figureCitation>
) each surrounded by a sclerotized frame containing a group of associated quinquelocular disc-pores; a
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF8392A91D490893158DAB4" bold="true" box="[921,1129,2013,2039]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">cluster pore plate</emphasis>
present or absent from just below each posterior spiracle (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFB392993A297C33764DDF2" box="[495,597,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 45B</figureCitation>
);
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB3929902797C23609DDF3" bold="true" box="[618,824,150,176]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">simple disc-pores</emphasis>
usually present on dorsal submargin;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB392996AE97C230ADDDF2" bold="true" box="[1251,1436,150,177]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">trilocular pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFB392992D297EF3438DD96" box="[159,265,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 45D</figureCitation>
) normally present on dorsum;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB3929903E97EE369DDD97" bold="true" box="[627,940,186,212]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">quinquelocular disc-pores</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFB392991F297EF3114DD96" box="[959,1061,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 45E</figureCitation>
) often present on both surfaces, occasionally scattered near spiracles;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB3929900F978B37D5DDBA" bold="true" box="[578,740,223,249]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">tubular ducts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFB392990B9978B3666DDBA" box="[756,855,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 45F</figureCitation>
) present on both surfaces, often of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFFB392996A6978B306CDDBA" box="[1259,1373,223,249]" count="2" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
;
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB39299724978B35F8DC5F" bold="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">anal ring</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFB392992959657340FDC5E" box="[216,318,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 45G</figureCitation>
) surrounded by large setae, the ring heavily sclerotized, bearing 4–6 short setae and with or without pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FFFB392992DA90E03696DAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385544/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" startId="102.[151,250,1972,1996]" targetBox="[216,1374,353,1945]" targetPageId="102" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFB392992DA90E03696DAB3" blockId="102.[151,1436,1972,2033]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB392992DA90E03410DA8E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1972,1997]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFB3929939D90E137C6DA8E" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[464,759,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Stotzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephedrae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB3929939D90E1374BDA8E" box="[464,634,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Stotzia ephedrae</emphasis>
(Newstead)
</taxonomicName>
, reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFFB392991FB90E1319DDA8E" author="Ezzat, Y. M. &amp; Hussein, N. A." box="[950,1196,1973,1997]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="359 - 426" refId="ref100986" refString="Ezzat, Y. M. &amp; Hussein, N. A. (1969) Redescription and classification of the family Coccidae in U. A. R. (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 51, 359 - 426. [1967]" type="journal article" year="1969">Ezzat &amp; Hussein (1969)</bibRefCitation>
page 400, fig. 14, with permission from the Editor of
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFB39299386908D3690DAB2" box="[459,929,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Bulletin de la Société entomologique d’Egypte</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFFA392892DA97CC30ADDC09" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="key">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA97CC3017DDF2" blockId="103.[151,1318,151,178]" box="[151,1318,151,178]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392892DA97CC366DDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,860,151,178]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928938D97C33633DDF1" ID-CoL="C22KK" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" box="[448,770,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cryptococcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">CRYPTOCOCCIDAE IN</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFFA3928914497C33667DDF2" box="[777,854,151,177]" name="Iran" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
based on slide-mounted adult females.
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="AB462E2BFFFA392892DA978930ADDC09" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<key id="642361BFFFFA392892DA978930ADDC09" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA978930ADDC53" blockId="103.[151,1436,220,330]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFFA392892DA978930ADDC53" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
1(0) Legs developed, hind coxae with translucent pores. Without a cluster pore plate posterior to each hind spiracle. Antennae 6 segmented........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA392896FF97AD30ADDC53" ID-CoL="6ZK7" authority="Nitsche" authorityName="Nitsche, 1895: 1247 -" authorityYear="1249" box="[1202,1436,249,272]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Pseudochermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA392896FF97AD307CDC4C" bold="true" box="[1202,1357,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Pseudochermes</emphasis>
Nitsche
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFFA392892DA964C30ADDC09" blockId="103.[151,1436,220,330]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<keyLead id="AB4395BBFFFA392892DA964C30ADDC09" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
- Legs absent or reduced to unsegmented stubs. A cluster pore plate present posterior to each hind spiracle (
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFFA3928969496433000DC6E" box="[1241,1329,279,301]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-22@104.[158,1430,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 45. Adult female of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, modified from Miller &amp; Miller (1993a), page 69, fig. 30, with kind permission from the authors and the publisher of The American Entomological Institute. A, antenna; B, hind leg represented by cluster pore plate; C, spiracle; D, trilocular pore; E, quinquelocular disc-pores; F, macrotubular duct; G, anal ring; H, microtubular duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385548/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 45B</figureCitation>
). Antennae 1–5 segmented.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFFA3928968C966030ADDC09" ID-CoL="9G33N" authority="Douglas" authorityName="Douglas" box="[1217,1436,308,330]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFFA3928968C96603077DC0A" bold="true" box="[1217,1350,308,329]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cryptococcus</emphasis>
Douglas
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

585
data/E1/18/B4/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
<document id="A0BB1F9D90DA3C2C086ED61FDBD97A89" ID-DOI="10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326553" ID-ZooBank="3A8C03AC-C66B-49B5-9269-E9A26ABA7EBF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1720673223308" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. &amp; Zanata, Angela M." docDate="2024" docId="E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.22.1.e230086.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823.3:NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Saccoderma Schultz 1944" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="1D21CC457950FFB5FFBCFF943102FFCB" masterDocTitle="Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1734095524437" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="4606C65CCEC9265D5E2224C0071E9AEC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="58FE013A00E1D68B8F384623A4F51FB0">
<mods:title id="4A59069E2BFF0556E6547A8187A4F995">Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8F1794E1544C5E7B2DCE43A21E097578" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C08E893862355AB5D57FE935AF030461">
<mods:roleTerm id="23EE239BF8842BE3B2CB45933A847109">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D8D4673EB546DF12DF7978FB142E05FC">Toledo-Piza, Mônica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AA84AE5D0D89F13C7C34FCCF25A494E1">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="83C7D769323594E323B39369A8E92499" type="email">mtpiza@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D19C68E6327BCFDBABEFBC7B15704937" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B535A870DEA769D56AEBA91BECCDCE03">
<mods:roleTerm id="C1E3E8D0C4485D9994EC25F40E0F6703">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="27F1420EFB021FF472229532393D94CB">Baena, Eduardo G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="999D7DDA5F7A98C51A25DD29768DC28A">Seção de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263 - 000, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB9A41CD482E1BB21BD223CA2735EB86" type="email">eduardo.baena@protonmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6ED7685DB62D0772F8524A69A001C28E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4574087181FCF3B6A06C606550056B1A">
<mods:roleTerm id="811EE2FE0B247F143369AEACA0145103">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AD3FCD237F2EDF8B171B9145E9E59128">Dagosta, Fernando C. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="83B73491E309517620E40F401FEFB261">Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais., Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados / Itahum, km 12, 79804 – 970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EF100B51A8286216EFC304C0017E2387" type="email">ferdagosta@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="295C3F2BBCCBDBFAC7C3BE00008A108A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB326038B542CCED374F15875144A5CD">
<mods:roleTerm id="5A7E4170E222B63D8F5882EBF566C63F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2D0C2D2FE5B97978BF3B0AD8F7C38DF4">Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BF0EBF11A135FCFC75D8AC39769FB82D">Seção de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263 - 000, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1204939A204FD4EB8162B9B58DC62510" type="email">naercio@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="84BFC57E806C766147AB89E6AB71488C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F96D9F98AE889C12D9190BFC5D6B4117">
<mods:roleTerm id="8ADD01CA3D5A8C91908119A92E12B254">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5679B6648388E3F46A83D286BB1044C1">Ândrade, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5C975CC9A7D45B9C3F32E864C9FBD905">Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências de Pinheiro, Estrada Pinheiro - Pacas, KM 10, SN, Enseada, 65200 - 000, Pinheiro, MA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D269D6A3F9ECC45D12C8726C12F1279" type="email">andrademarcosta@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A2D7125BAA294FB935576E0C9590DA01" type="personal">
<mods:role id="833DAF0C616CF8B16EF0E3AEF015DF60">
<mods:roleTerm id="F69C78F10F7C10DB3BB068F7082FEC7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4E48122355B52DF9F41972DE7286136C">Benini, Ricardo C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3CD9EE43D947B8971448FDB3ED9C5D07">Departamento de Biodiversidade e BioestatÍstica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, s / n, Rubião Jr., 18618 - 689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5796092C56CDAFDF79CB8047083BA391" type="email">ricardo.benine@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F4D49E3834FE8F60A362A03A57DBB198" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6F38AE2C4CB53CF347AF0C2AD74E9307">
<mods:roleTerm id="220B190662D5CE1068280BAEF0684344">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0712B04A1ECDC5259DE6A83EA57F889C">Bertaco, Vinicius A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BAA1ED841EB120D5BE19CD7A49D4DA7B">B- 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium. (ED) eddy. derijst @ skynet. be.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CEDDE81C283B38351C3A62763A68A521" type="email">vbertaco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C34ABCB25C30E85EA04528F312C21ADA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AA3DD7A4BFE408F29F9922B7EB9107E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="81BB7B7066E7766BE74458634B53CB94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="89D36B09051A4251AED2207D9360AE4A">Birindelli, José Luís O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6EA0D76EB7B1C2AC3AF6708EDDEB496D">Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal 10011, 86057 - 970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0548EFA61E04B54CF93557E73FC9B67" type="email">josebirindelli@uel.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D018F44F103254F131066BA73C5EAF4A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2CA271CF73DBB6C95CB11234C70874C4">
<mods:roleTerm id="25B0F600AD7261B4512F20C2E2828257">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="91F084574CE6BBD7B6AD196BFB460128">Boden, Gert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CEE70D3FA2A555F1F8492CAADF23EEBC">Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="36E68F5B3C423466E783E7B4E11F367C" type="email">gert.boden@africamuseum.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="952FFB5BAD104F555314113DC45FE1E9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="04C272DB91783E5812B90BD24710C3BD">
<mods:roleTerm id="027D422912163DC5E9CD102BA05F8F78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1F8B63F409CEDC924AB6B521C6F3440A">Buckup, Paulo A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AD4F75265869AB2E7586863ADF7B2D9F">Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20490 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F03CBE86D97234E4A458DCE6C53A87BD" type="email">buckup@acd.ufrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E34760D5ED5E66B6F83DCBED38BDF637" type="personal">
<mods:role id="59F9BF85813A47B4A1D1AF9BE300A0A3">
<mods:roleTerm id="5B37FD480763903750BDE0AF05CCB95C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E348BD02E2103E914DC81B2A64079E3C">Camelier, Priscila</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D7C060EA569FC114C33F6564A7398E97">PPG Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668, Ondina, 40170 - 115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC49B0E73F01AE879FC0A72149942719" type="email">pricamelier@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E36F286E54AD4F5E2FD2AB78D62D71A5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CAF82B6B1EED6B5702BBFBD523395C47">
<mods:roleTerm id="0F5E09004483E850EF85DD5D0483D7D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A673022E3EE0C876172BBD7ED672B3D3">Carvalho, Fernando R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5D59819C337CFF1E9155857E2C3C8ADC">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Câmpus de Três Lagoas, Av. Ranulpho Marques Leal, 3484, Distrito Industrial II, 79613 - 000 Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AA3C511B060964EA0922A041DE38B75D" type="email">carvalhofr@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BE88E0A78C80CD16EFE2F8A7AF60567D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA87A1EE2C58DEF613C6DA33C36FD3C4">
<mods:roleTerm id="CF9C12B00E56E01958E168E0293D5576">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="128C4F7584C40C970B075850CF35A6E6">Castro, Ricardo M. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3B84EF6F36177466BF5BA5BE520CEB3E">Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="75D779871C2E95DF04A15B61381C786C" type="email">rmcastro@ffclrp.usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6D9CF9EF6EC916B631A8CF2355FCB738" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DDA21EAB1DE90E19795861DC4B46CAB4">
<mods:roleTerm id="7C6EC8F597194BB20C377F78409D0E88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7B2F30732EEEE8C7777E83B3526130CB">Chuctaya, Junior</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="75E88C91AE3939B6A20C32565DB0C971">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500,91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A828B78D30A9E776BFBEA51B378ED677" type="email">junior.chuctaya@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="762465EDB8E891F15413ECA8B0617153" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DE045C889C70DD5CE52225462823675D">
<mods:roleTerm id="31AB86482F9735D0502A6B3EE1DB1C32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8D6AEA4DE89FE5D9C96BEE0DB75B4237">Decru, Eva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DC3F4A2A86B855C170F55CD0484882D8">Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DEA59F4AA8546ABD0EA2099641E32519" type="email">eva.decru@kuleuven.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9525C5CAA22B064CF7736C81E72F1E8A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A40B625156D3976C56F122E4934CBFD3">
<mods:roleTerm id="C1FE77A844D4887B175B21C58A3C5B4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0773302FFF8A15D46BBE96670E63D962">Derijst, Eddy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0115165DCD52C29B8F38DACF5B6B2BC0">Werfstraat 6, B- 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BBB156F433BD3232A50EF770D96EF576" type="email">eddy.derijst@skynet.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9C3EAE99D0DBA64EC54E665D958D8B96" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB0B53EDFED1C2B22A292FAECF47A709">
<mods:roleTerm id="A52F865F653F80F2223F020C3442BD8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DBBD6957CA426FDEE4829D873662FD13">Dillman, Casey B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="24677A6B2B07735DA276C215C24A520C">Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 United States.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C37D40C262373AE63DE4D67B7EB5B643" type="email">cbd63@cornell. edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="038DCAD368C18DE7D756A77CA73D4351" type="personal">
<mods:role id="02FD2F288BBC5EB302E2F26E877F28DE">
<mods:roleTerm id="9C618BD6C86C4DD4D12AE9BE95AAB42D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="627DEFBEDDA1E8DA028B84E72DFA0BA3">Ferreira, Katiane M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15222FE688037904AAE138E8FA981E57">Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A857EA6DCCFAA7584465A94825EF8CCA" type="email">kmferreira@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F386DFE12E3A9504B082FD278F6AFD59" type="personal">
<mods:role id="62945B0E1E47482AEDA7C6F65D2A6416">
<mods:roleTerm id="8F2A967F144E76685970D8CD6F294306">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7C84EE4C2C3EC7B62EBAF2796AD7CCFC">Merxem, Dimitri G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C9233F25603A57F8F6AF1C55030228E">Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Leuvensesteenweg, 13, B- 3080 Tervuren, Belgium, and Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A955A945B5398B03D2011089CBC295DB" type="email">dimitri.geelhanddemerxem@uantwerpen.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C9A0FEC3F8C9955CFB51C784C33FFF1F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ECBA30D72046C2CF44DB2017EC78B14B">
<mods:roleTerm id="649846D35AF7EA2E50B39A6098EE8B1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CA8AC5A76AE0F47433F55044424EF67F">Giovannetti, Victor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6A91FA43C3E4BF1D11DA96DCE8664F7">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E66689D73048C59C13D9C750F44DFDB8" type="email">vgiovannetti@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5AF166C0F02A826E8027CBBAA341BE71" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C69E5727B8167D32EC33F78D50245D3">
<mods:roleTerm id="DB0E8B688BDBD796C1502A16B6E8DBAF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5BD61E9154F740E310B7DED2AE310FE6">Hirschmann, Alice</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A2FCC6C1FD4FD2958971E3952D876B0">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500,91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCC97A293CBFAD0E6AE0EF0F1F679DED" type="email">alicehirschmann@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="77A8E1354EF4F2B706D97C6A3E6E5470" type="personal">
<mods:role id="09F17A980286F812C7325A3B907EC197">
<mods:roleTerm id="A2104310D395A8F03AF2CC95BFD19891">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="774C10DEAC1BEA0AA54A1172F8F5E81A">Jégu, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="93D78B99C3C65F5090A937D7AA25A4A5">Rua das Garças, 89 CondomÍnio Gan Eden Km 5.5 estr. RJ 114, Bairro Pilar, 24909 - 335 Maricá, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FEE5D58F5BA6851BD99BC27F7D341025" type="email">michel.jegu@ gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="726F9D72A5B5F91516532F7D9A1F9003" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BC999E786678D0FC47D9817922B756DF">
<mods:roleTerm id="38EE8C16A535C69092491278C1FE8533">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="61DD05F70D8BD14C51A74B511C1508FD">Jerep, Fernando C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="573677F27B687FC641165644E5E891EF">Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal 10011, 86057 - 970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A8AB905889C03C2929086506DF064ED" type="email">fjerep@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AEA9D3A9D9936D6AC56CF84269AEB6B6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FBAFA0FA54EF032AC23DE590EDCA7B14">
<mods:roleTerm id="5552C78F680EFD2442E63C8990EB42F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="45603DFDF8B42C3DD5F15463DBB8D91F">Langeani, Francisco</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C8A0A857AA5F3E34DC7DFF2A5294CAB8">Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0090C731AC116149BA4CCEB09804ED69" type="email">francisco.langeani@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="78A0B5F5597603610FD31CE560DF4313" type="personal">
<mods:role id="41F0E58E98D149AD3E4E4B4735A34F74">
<mods:roleTerm id="D4B797B7050AA741A635B855469911EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9AC71E73A1B7AA29089E1D24EAA15A79">Lima, Flávio C. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42E54A880D20AFD734646090BAD71E7F">Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Albert Einstein, s / n, 13083 - 863 Campinas, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="80DD42E9E272B308B01A70A79F60C706" type="email">fctlima@ gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AA8E767944B3CE7B622A5E3A8C112F6A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B65D789C5935610F50A5C9C51DC930BA">
<mods:roleTerm id="7BBD6069CE7FF92472A5AC0DC3A12347">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BAC4B1876AFD4E56353DA828A15AB508">Lucena, Carlos A. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5BF7ECF404F199F9C6645FD3E2A0D0E6">Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DCEA75533698FDE7053B642C9151818" type="email">lucena@pucrs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E18B69857E3B1242503D88D5592E9C11" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D6EAF76D1487D0C7B66285A2C5D1CBA">
<mods:roleTerm id="066710AC7D8D0D9F35EEC8C299190BEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="77C0FCE420BF7DF036E6308513ACFC6A">Lucena, Zilda Margarete S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3B717E9C627262A3157E2C0164ECEFDC">Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DA0824A394183D63E359AC9D16372C6B" type="email">lucenamargarete@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="45658AE0E74B7DB4A86506803C60E018" type="personal">
<mods:role id="75B0F9EF1C34DBF4ECBF73209D6BDCF2">
<mods:roleTerm id="4C3A3C4B3FFC934ABD77D9F2073026B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E44D172251A200B3A146E40D8F59DF6D">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C601CC1069A9167CC2908A825F505E53">Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="03A5A84C4F58E4C52C33A2B3A100E0D2" type="email">malabarb@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2654ED193CAB30E5570866FC1B90536A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F2BC4C7DF011B6D16E1A9D6D117A2510">
<mods:roleTerm id="7B41CC8A119D38D59FEBC967FB98F50B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A8E422C85F50F3438B58C85CCF123087">Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="60BC807E0A8F62E556F15512964D6256">ARCHGEN, Análise e Processamento de DNA Antigo e DifÍcil, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500,91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFCD57F62F038E6149CE300E47380C9E" type="email">claudia.malabarba@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F395D9F3515F2BCECD3E171DEB9F616D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C9A1C9F062D40D3196DF491B62601466">
<mods:roleTerm id="ACF3CEEEDC36379F5AE60E6B3AAFCD0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8C1D95D9220FEA38CEBBA1BA6CBC7654">Marinho, Manoela M. F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4F4CF1D18926A342F42FE011FD67C59F">Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da ParaÍba, Cidade Universitária, s / n, Castelo Branco, 58033 - 455 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="39B0A5DF0139E30A9DE15A41ECE4D812" type="email">manoela.marinho@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4DEFAAE3A1EF055BDDA1BD322A6AB30F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="61A293C014440BB195EF09A2A959C95C">
<mods:roleTerm id="5801291318E99B73B7D1BF561E6F63FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="103875033A6BC4E0CEB1F2D75DF4F2F9">Mathubara, Kleber</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F00E3EE7100D60795BF4402DCDFED79E">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="97E065E154ADF2082C78B042E2312EC5" type="email">kleber.leite@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3910A0A17B2509A14237F1CE20927F47" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3C64E7EA57F30C3224AFBA06C165F5CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="6207389DEE2526846AD8BC66961C045B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="491969556BD3EEB819BC6C4E85D4D180">Mattox, George M. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="590886DDE89CE1A80307A65797EDDFF3">Laboratório de Ictiologia de Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, Bairro do Itinga, 18052 - 780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B188A0C86FA7AC9A71C728837ACBCFB" type="email">gmattox@ufscar.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AEDB40CD2F561E4E3E854BD61603510D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E87CF3653A3D6ECC76CABC9CD0E5A35A">
<mods:roleTerm id="D419A6370518F0991F0CAAF151BD7E4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4D9ED7959B480E8E78E8630BA702682C">Melo, Bruno F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="18CA406E5387AD0A227D4911F6EAD05A">Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E95C6DD27FF5794596A91F0E0BBA26F3" type="email">bmelo@amnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="178E00AD152D0C5010C8F6ECE446D1C2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="115D002E7B47CA6A39863B9FA58396B9">
<mods:roleTerm id="7543F2AC91A9206762A4B7ED44582180">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E75F601F4D0762673FAE247C4100BEBB">Moelants, Tuur</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1E37F85F3CFB1813FA04920FD7B04510">Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5887D6C6B506F41936C0F81D1C546926" type="email">tuurmoelants@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="69D543F84AFA0DA9254F4B2D918E6711" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CFB2E5DCDB05341FF5CAC19DED5A00E9">
<mods:roleTerm id="CDDF850F47EF5E2B266458C4E7EC4F87">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="63CE6E5FBC3C470AEF853F9523C0C79D">Moreira, Cristiano R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0A24FE0C474945C1B656872B77E722A9">Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20490 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B3711EE4F8A4B55D5DE5CF12805907A" type="email">moreira.c.r@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F5BEF6B47986BE7A3EF91D40DF95B342" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9D15E3D751469C3767BDC0B3985E6D6A">
<mods:roleTerm id="56D740FB3A32DE6BC3278184EE3675AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A9BDBEDDE7B6AA49821019AEC47AFB25">Musschoot, Tobias</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6DEAC4FEE711321BAED2A5B18BD1605B">Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="731FD4B0912B86FDCD1D0B2FE931396F" type="email">tobias.Musschoot@ africamuseum.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1D8E49371168D04707D7BDBFF92E46FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8E2D4C190CBA7FEC9F17DFA5ED101C5A">
<mods:roleTerm id="D7C8EBE2DA7223F9B890076149377D2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F64802DC2EA166F7ECF566319ECC43A6">Netto-Ferreira, André L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B9D302998BF1A9F0ED35A6F634C0CDBB">Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BBDC849D14F643B6291A031B69C8537" type="email">alnferreira@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7F815523BDE41E66BCF4DEE9A9AC1388" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B631A586540B6EDBFB0623BE1B713794">
<mods:roleTerm id="370AE8739A68D81997DB2687B67D00F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E424088F5842C99AB254581D2D166987">Ota, Rafaela P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DE71CEE010B64DBB3276E551B346E2EF">Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais., Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados / Itahum, km 12, 79804 – 970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6071E6DEAE7C204F294EF124143573C6" type="email">rafaelapota@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5363B291084502A6E841D7B5C8FC6C74" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D6CC2CD8A3EF232A54C14E92593B91B9">
<mods:roleTerm id="3E9B0F19E51457EFCDD262443832D7D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A04E0EE021BABCC990E4A45F43236E4D">T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E3CF4F49EE17FEC6EBCF58590036EA58">Seção de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263 - 000, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="710011244EC44028B21210FBBF2AD1DD" type="email">oyakawa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FF1B443966C509305B9FFB33C791A7BC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BF69DB20A53F2B61EBBF0686D25BDE33">
<mods:roleTerm id="18F1AA826CCDD60D3EEC368726EDC1F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6F222BCEACC85C42A6B3ABF6D60D8598">Pavanelli, Carla S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F995B2A7EAEE557ECADD5F80B75D12A8">Coleção Ictiológica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="87708392CA3BD3B49F8F1B37003729FA" type="email">carlasp@nupelia.uem.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="250EC1BE31F3628FE017FB3A850CAB65" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FEDD58D7D61864F7E68DA139F8B69125">
<mods:roleTerm id="88ABDF4508D32F45E88851ABC74B491D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E4D6EC596A98EDB6998D64FC7C6A9B13">Reis, Roberto E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C300852844F6FFF7F3F0D202FF093872">Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="725312311A67F3EA715C1A7F4F42674A" type="email">reis@pucrs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AF6DC7053B9BB2F94C2D8D7BDCABF77C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA7C848900F9C6927B4CA6B9FE25D658">
<mods:roleTerm id="1E2905999D67D1A5FA514DA68E472228">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7455950A5D8A7E429801D97031BE9455">Santos, Osmar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E1CCA36A8D1127ACF5770B24574A762F">Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D66B51F929BE7A81988FA21593361988" type="email">osmysantos@ yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9B646FA3023A1DC6F45EC9D49278FB9E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3D8E7412DCED390012D2648A83C54E14">
<mods:roleTerm id="EE09BC1AC96454AB1AC51F787F589EEC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3782AA08CD05A3A3461452E2282FBDBF">Serra, Jane Piton</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="02F7539DB20C3D6CFB93E9CA7BFFC9B1">Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Campus Poços de Caldas, Rua Dirce Pereira Rosa, 300, 37713 - 100 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4ABE16C9DE1E325CA8EDF110892488CF" type="email">jane.sanches@ifsuldeminas.edu.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="872BC561BBEDAC16A8B9F90A8C44C6E6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5429176871AC7DDEF96D278CC9817EF3">
<mods:roleTerm id="8B85BAAD5462A1ADC9DEB3FC4F53FFBD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13E1A5C7C64F201EE88989EFB37B1146">Silva, Gabriel S. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F06F4BBDF4EECA7DF2CEFA5CC4A55E0E">Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618 - 689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B200ECEA3954FFB0B9CDB67D1DA40869" type="email">gabriel_biota@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="460388D0B3EB6DB9B2AACAC5815F6156" type="personal">
<mods:role id="446AE4061AD062F4704CF3A9E8E02BA5">
<mods:roleTerm id="49BBAC6D9856CB7614E4710B3714B34A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9E9905440563681261DD708998344632">Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6AA3ABE4C1C425F38CF4420BACE74901">Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618 - 689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (RSCS) gabriel _ biota @ hotmail. com. 30 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Natureza e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s / n, 68040 - 255 Santarém, PA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F472752EEA9CBED44997CD40C3813781" type="email">carlison3@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FD0D1AF4B57FF33A85D929F28C155DAF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="19202FE04504C14B328ED05BE61AFBA7">
<mods:roleTerm id="06CC97B461BAF4100E5C91EDA0E5D3F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="62E910DC20D0484FD3DC6E224A46D8D4">Souza-Lima, Rosana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CCF233A6A7F62D3F5B16625B70F5CABA">Laboratório de Estudos de Peixes, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela, 1470, Patronato, 24435 - 005 São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D14CAA2EC2CD8CD36E886DD12A51EE0" type="email">rosanasouzalima@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8C0D8F017F87002E1739266847F172BF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B0C822EE403706EEC0F1010DA27225F1">
<mods:roleTerm id="03F39B320139DFD0BD2196251BAD718D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6DF608B413992C0FF8DF249EE5B3792D">Vari, Richard P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C008398CED1D5EEA6FA70C08E89F5F22">Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC- 159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA. Deceased.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1D4558CB07C4CC8DA25C5C003A455A86" type="personal">
<mods:role id="450B2B2E7B7994A80D34AAEF67C42B27">
<mods:roleTerm id="83FD664FC1D54A660725C044FAD10C94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8D6A072089DE1484759F398B3EE376B0">Zanata, Angela M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="43039BB2801AC1B187AD151FECA08F8E">PPG Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668, Ondina, 40170 - 115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D162B9D755EF68C3BC9F8440C332F9E" type="email">zanata.angela@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="39C6C9865D3A2BE0CBF919EF115BBE49">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="35DDDF9A32E7ACEF3C02F691EE70FA8E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D645F7FCF20926E62DC954A29DA5F853">
<mods:title id="7546197B76C7A3E6D02EACC26A43385A">Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9B06D01046F2FD1F34FCBBA715A2C625">
<mods:date id="64F59FF9FC4BE8F09AB1DF41CE1EB434">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="641FF16E4615CB193F41E3BCD05A2461" type="series">
<mods:title id="86907A473E8C565D211A10447572474E">e 230086</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="343DCA0F1EF9E02EAC0296C463096326" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A428E46033590037AF9B04F68C4BFF1F">2024-02-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="92ACC47E4CF3B6EE25A1F883B54AC682" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EE253C8ED945DF723E3B230F34549332">22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C369E1DF311F2261E0E59E59BF2B54E5" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AFBB9F25A9DDF87A50D1ABE82C3A3790">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="6238149E710E8D1EEBC33EE2322780BB" unit="page">
<mods:start id="42DE257341037A140AC819F95A7518BD">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="29B6F0DC8B0B672EE455DE9D8DFC9A0F">548</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="2CB9FCDCCA62918EEF9925D7DC770E44">
<mods:url id="EF798788510A1FCFB1229E79626F3544">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8BB1CB3A0619F144091837967B3B50E0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1E30812F3B3C480113AA9159BEEAF3E4" type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3FE0155DF574467F6C7C49B3A63B412F" type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="36C1CD84C343BAEF2E2B3D8E11095C80" type="Zenodo-Dep">13326553</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="77219CD280DC1BA3572E825E55C98BFF" type="ZooBank">3A8C03AC-C66B-49B5-9269-E9A26ABA7EBF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0" lastPageId="273" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<subSubSection id="21AB56A07840FEA5FE54FD5C34B1FD2B" box="[488,1459,712,737]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="690E052B7840FEA5FE54FD5C3258FD2B" blockId="272.[488,858,712,736]" box="[488,858,712,736]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<heading id="3246B2477840FEA5FE54FD5C3258FD2B" box="[488,858,712,736]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FE54FD5C3258FD2B" ID-CoL="7BGD" authority="Schultz, 1944" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[488,858,712,736]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FE54FD5C3258FD2B" bold="true" box="[488,858,712,736]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">SACCODERMA Schultz, 1944</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="690E052B7840FEA5FC43FD5C34B1FD2B" blockId="272.[1023,1459,712,737]" box="[1023,1459,712,737]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<heading id="3246B2477840FEA5FC43FD5C34B1FD2B" box="[1023,1459,712,737]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" reason="2">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FC43FD5C34B1FD2B" bold="true" box="[1023,1459,712,737]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">FC Jerep, LR Malabarba, J Chuctaya</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21AB56A07840FEA4FE54FC8733C1FCE0" lastPageId="273" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="description">
<paragraph id="690E052B7840FEA5FE54FC873546FC9B" blockId="272.[488,1459,787,849]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FE54FC87324EFCE0" authority="Schultz, 1944: 314" authorityName="Schultz" authorityPageNumber="314" authorityYear="1944" box="[488,844,787,811]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FE54FC87337AFCE0" bold="true" box="[488,632,787,811]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma</emphasis>
Schultz, 1944:314
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897840FEA5FCE5FC803297FCE7" box="[857,917,788,812]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FC40FC8734ADFCE0" authority="Schultz, 1944" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[1020,1455,787,811]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FC40FC87340FFCE0" box="[1020,1293,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma melanostigma</emphasis>
Schultz, 1944
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897840FEA5FD89FCAD3373FC9A" box="[565,625,825,849]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Type</typeStatus>
by original designation. Gender: Neuter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="690E052B7840FEA5FE54FC173275FB0D" blockId="272.[488,1461,899,1222]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FE54FC1732B1FC50" authority="(Eigenmann, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[488,947,899,923]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FE54FC1733D6FC50" bold="true" box="[488,724,899,923]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma hastata</emphasis>
(Eigenmann, 1913)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FDB1FC3C32E5FC0A" authority="Eigenmann, 1913: 27" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1913" box="[525,999,936,961]" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostilbe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastatus">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FDB1FC3C33EDFC0B" box="[525,751,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Odontostilbe hastatus</emphasis>
Eigenmann, 1913:27
</taxonomicName>
. Type locality: Soplaviento. [Colombia].
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897840FEA5FD89FC5A33A1FC2D" box="[565,675,974,998]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: FMNH 56383. Distribution: 301a, 302a (Jerep, 2011).
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FE54FB8C32C8FBFA" authority="Schultz, 1944" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[488,970,1048,1073]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FE54FB8C322EFBFB" bold="true" box="[488,812,1048,1072]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma melanostigma</emphasis>
Schultz, 1944
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FDB1FBAA32E9FB9D" authority="Schultz, 1944: 315" authorityName="Schultz" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1944" box="[525,1003,1086,1110]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FDB1FBAA321EFB9D" box="[525,796,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma melanostigma</emphasis>
Schultz, 1944:315
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 40–41. Type locality: Río San Juan near bridge, south of Mene Grande, Motatán system. [
<collectingCountry id="11A645BB7840FEA5FB13FBF7342FFBB0" box="[1199,1325,1123,1147]" name="Venezuela" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
].
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897840FEA5FAFDFBF734ADFBB0" box="[1345,1455,1123,1147]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: USNM 121519. Distribution: 303a (Jerep, 2011).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="690E052B7840FEA5FE54FB6C3282FADB" blockId="272.[488,896,1272,1296]" box="[488,896,1272,1296]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FE54FB6C3282FADB" bold="true" box="[488,896,1272,1296]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
Species inquirendae (
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FD59FB6C327BFADB" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[741,889,1272,1296]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Saccoderma</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="690E052B7840FEA5FE54FAD7322FF8AD" blockId="272.[488,1462,1347,1894]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FE54FAD7324AFA90" authority="Dahl, 1955: 17" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1955" box="[488,840,1347,1371]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FE54FAD733A5FA90" box="[488,679,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma falcata</emphasis>
Dahl, 1955:17
</taxonomicName>
. Type locality: Tributaries of Sinú and from the Pechilín system. [Colombia].
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897840FEA5FC9FFAFC3293FA4B" box="[803,913,1384,1408]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: whereabouts unknown. [Catalog number and institution of types not designated in original description. In the description of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FD89FA27328FFA00" authority=", Dahl (1955)" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" box="[565,909,1459,1483]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FD89FA2733FAFA00" box="[565,760,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma falcata</emphasis>
, Dahl (1955)
</taxonomicName>
mentioned “Type, male, skeletal length
<quantity id="AE49A8CE7840FEA5FAE7FA2734ADFA00" box="[1371,1455,1459,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
.
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897840FEA5FD89FA4D33A0FA3A" box="[565,674,1497,1521]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, 158, from several tributaries of Sinú and from the Pechilín system”. However, the author did not mention in this publication nor in the following ones the catalog number and institution where this material was deposited. Types from all species and subspecies proposed in that publication are considered whereabouts unknown by Fricke
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FC0CF9FB32DEF94D" box="[944,988,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
., 2022. In 1955, Dahl collected specimens from the type locality now catalogued under CAS 149503 and identified them as
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FD8FF92C33F6F91B" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" box="[563,756,1720,1744]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FD8FF92C33F6F91B" box="[563,756,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Saccoderma falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We (FCJ) analyzed those specimens and none of them match Dahl’s diagnosis for
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FCA0F94A327EF93D" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" box="[796,892,1758,1782]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FCA0F94A327EF93D" box="[796,892,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">S. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being individuals of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87840FEA5FBC4F94A35DCF93D" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1144,1246,1758,1782]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397840FEA5FBC4F94A35DCF93D" box="[1144,1246,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">S. hastata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAS 149503, 15, 10.4–26.5 mm SL, Colombia, Bolivar, Pechelin, río Pechelin drainage, a small stream reduced to pools in dry season from hills near Ovejas, it flows to Golfo de Morrequillo at Tolu)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="690E052B7841FEA4FE54FF2A357DFDCA" blockId="273.[488,1460,190,811]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FE54FF2A3266FF1D" authority="Dahl, 1955: 18" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1955" box="[488,868,190,214]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FE54FF2A33B7FF1D" box="[488,693,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Saccoderma robusta</emphasis>
Dahl, 1955:18
</taxonomicName>
. Type locality: Nain. [Quebrada Nain, Colombia].
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897841FEA4FD8FFF7733A3FF30" box="[563,673,227,251]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: whereabouts unknown. [In the description of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FB1AFF773378FEEB" authority=", Dahl (1955)" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FB1AFF77346CFF30" box="[1190,1390,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Saccoderma robusta</emphasis>
, Dahl (1955)
</taxonomicName>
mentioned “Type, male (from Nain) skeletal length
<quantity id="AE49A8CE7841FEA4FB6AFE9D3428FEEA" box="[1238,1322,265,289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
”. However, the author did not mention in that publication nor in the following ones, the catalog number and institution where the specimen was deposited. The analysis of the specimens MHNG 1066.39–42 (4), listed as
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897841FEA4FBDCFEED35CBFE5A" box="[1120,1225,377,401]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(Mahnert, 1976:475) and identified by Dahl as
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FCE2FE0A32C7FE7D" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" box="[862,965,414,438]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FCE2FE0A32C7FE7D" box="[862,965,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">S. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
evidenced they are specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FAF4FE0A34ACFE7D" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1352,1454,414,438]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FAF4FE0A34ACFE7D" box="[1352,1454,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">S. hastata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, they were collected in 1962, seven years after the description of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FA1CFE50337FFDCB" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FA1CFE50337FFDCB" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">S. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and thus could not be considered
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897841FEA4FBB9FE7D3576FDCA" box="[1029,1140,489,513]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="690E052B7841FEA4FDB1FD9A33C1FCE0" blockId="273.[488,1460,190,811]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">
Remarks: Dahl identified as
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FCD0FD9A32D8FDED" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" box="[876,986,526,550]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FCD0FD9A32D8FDED" box="[876,986,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">S. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the lots CAS 149505 (collected in 1956) and CAS 149506 (collected in 1957). Those specimens were also analyzed and none of them matches Dahl’s diagnosis for this species, being individuals of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FD68FDEA32CAFD5D" baseAuthorityName="Fink, Weitzman" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[724,968,638,662]" family="Characidae" genus="Odontostilbe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dialeptura">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FD68FDEA32CAFD5D" box="[724,968,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Odontostilbe dialeptura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAS 149505) and
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FB15FDEA340CFD5D" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1193,1294,638,662]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FB15FDEA340CFD5D" box="[1193,1294,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">S. hastata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAS 149503, CAS 149506). Considering the uncertainty of the diagnosis elaborated by Dahl for his new species, the absence of
<typeStatus id="B60ABB897841FEA4FC0AFD5D32E5FD2A" box="[950,999,713,737]" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">type</typeStatus>
material, and Dahl’s misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FD8FFD7A33F9FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[563,763,750,774]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FD8FFD7A33F9FCCD" box="[563,763,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Saccoderma hastata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FCA2FD7A3281FCCD" authorityName=", Dahl" authorityYear="1955" box="[798,899,750,774]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FCA2FD7A3281FCCD" box="[798,899,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">S. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we herein consider the latter as species
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FAFAFD7A34B1FCCD" box="[1350,1459,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">inquirenda</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="AEB17EA87841FEA4FD80FC8733B6FCE0" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1944" box="[572,692,787,811]" family="Characidae" genus="Saccoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BC5D9397841FEA4FD80FC8733B6FCE0" box="[572,692,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Saccoderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>