185 lines
26 KiB
XML
185 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="A205192E3A718318EE94AAB60ADD099A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.193988" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74841ac9-5df2-4c05-a02d-26ff88a2f83d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193988" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460183521584" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Ye, Liang, Hongbin, Kavanaugh, David H. & Yang, Maofa" docDate="2010" docId="BE6387C7F66CDB6E11D9FBAA13AE6DE2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02397p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2397" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chlaenioctenus Bates 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="425AFFBFF66DDB6C114EFFB017616C3E" masterDocTitle="Key to species of the subgenus Chlaenioctenus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Chlaeniini: Chlaenius), with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698236221732" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="181E574DAC5EC218A2EE2918ACF0C465" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="12BD09A8FEFE1ED59C649D9DC742903B">
|
||
<mods:title id="BFC4CBE897A86DCB12C60DD2044DDD39">Key to species of the subgenus Chlaenioctenus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Chlaeniini: Chlaenius), with description of two new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D1D41CBA3715CC33E250B8AE289D7100" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="51D737C3ADFB5EC2CECD356D488E7127">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7CC5FB97FBF7C90817784910B4F36C4B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DA0199F48D9EA10EB39883E47806FD8E">Liu, Ye</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="27E888E041ED3506D518B4C8238F9C71" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1568AB80FA7F134AFB8C842C4030A95B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="00C5F19FBD2CE6F0F75C14EAE533CD51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1CCEBD5FD8FF65A7BA1D5D83DF57518D">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6F40368513B63DBAB641085454752A11" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1404533EA0232D58DD9F0DD300F20C65">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1294C674812BAE870394E7EE035C1201">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DBB034000840ED6284A7320DA9B41439">Kavanaugh, David H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="37260344518B10889AFDC566DB262597" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0269E910FB1F35D2B405E58C88504AEC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A226C9D0D7F5E7C77122DD7C0346DCA1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7223E5690A8A3A56BA4D81823FF3C703">Yang, Maofa</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="D00A5645C6502FD16EDC66C7C498368B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="96F6CD6DF2588139CDFA455C81701B68" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="02DC1DBB0AEC6745A57FE606DDC955CE">
|
||
<mods:title id="FC31987CEAE78BC6B3203138081E4AC7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BD59760B991ADD47693D70EEFDED178A">
|
||
<mods:date id="9CC88549D108990C75B69B55CF6E979B">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="87E624EAC1B581D7FE9388815A51F838" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="64111A00686AE408856D498C1634A1D0">2397</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1C5A2F4B009EBA0CC7D173E9947AD689" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="9BD6A9213D68FE2FC02517C904A28317">15</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="55988204642CF9351FB344D3655F6567">28</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="44BC142EEB5C276337EE749109FADAD8">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="80054CB7F3941FD64E0FEE55C2D15E15" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.193988</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9602C511CC5AC445C1A13C7D46EFFAC2" type="GBIF-Dataset">74841ac9-5df2-4c05-a02d-26ff88a2f83d</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E7C627FEB943E1984398174C7419C37D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="218A1749576453F2990ABDC899C2A50C" type="Zenodo-Dep">193988</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="BE6387C7F66CDB6E11D9FBAA13AE6DE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6196183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6196183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE6387C7F66CDB6E11D9FBAA13AE6DE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE6387C7F66CDB6E11D9FBAA13AE6DE2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED0655AF66CDB6D11D9FBAA1509680A" box="[151,616,1050,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66CDB6D11D9FBAA1509680A" blockId="1.[151,616,1050,1076]" box="[151,616,1050,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading id="6D3D81BDF66CDB6D11D9FBAA1509680A" bold="true" box="[151,616,1050,1076]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D11D9FBAA1509680A" bold="true" box="[151,616,1050,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66CDB6D1059FBAA1509680A" authority="Bates, 1892" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1892" box="[279,616,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenioctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D1059FBAA16B2680A" bold="true" box="[279,467,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Chlaenioctenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525B4B20F66CDB6D1095FBAA1509680A" author="Bates" box="[475,616,1050,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Bates, H. W. (1892) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicini XLIV. List of the Carabidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 12, 267 - 428." type="journal article" year="1892">Bates, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED0655AF66CDB6D11D9FBD213796847" box="[151,1048,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66CDB6D11D9FBD213796847" blockId="1.[151,1232,1122,1177]" box="[151,1048,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="16DA11FFF66CDB6D11D9FBD213796847" box="[151,1048,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66CDB6D11D9FBD2169B6847" authority="Bates, 1892: 309" authorityName="Bates" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,506,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenioctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D11D9FBD2165C6847" box="[151,317,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Chlaenioctenus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B76B10C0F66CDB6D100DFBD2169B6847" author="Bates" box="[323,506,1122,1145]" page="309" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" year="1892">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525B4B20F66CDB6D100DFBD216A46847" author="Bates" box="[323,453,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Bates, H. W. (1892) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicini XLIV. List of the Carabidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 12, 267 - 428." type="journal article" year="1892">Bates, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 309
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B76B10C0F66CDB6D134BFBD2146A6847" author="Kirschenhofer" box="[517,779,1122,1145]" page="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525B4B20F66CDB6D134BFBD215826847" author="Kirschenhofer" box="[517,739,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2003) Uber neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der athiopischen und orientalischen Region (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Chlaeniinae, Pterostichinae). Entomofauna, 24 (3), 29 - 60." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirschenhofer, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 48
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B76B10C0F66CDB6D1258FBD213796847" author="Kirschenhofer" box="[790,1048,1122,1145]" page="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525B4B20F66CDB6D1258FBD214956847" author="Kirschenhofer" box="[790,1012,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2008) Neue und wenig bekannte Arten sowie drei neue Synonyme (Tribus Chlaeniini) der palaarktischen, orientalischen und himalayanischen Region (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Acta Coleopterologica, 24 (3), 3 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">Kirschenhofer, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 11
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED0655AF66CDB6D11D9FB3213B168A7" box="[151,1232,1154,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66CDB6D11D9FB3213B168A7" blockId="1.[151,1232,1122,1177]" box="[151,1232,1154,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E9718873F66CDB6D11D9FB3217AD68A7" box="[151,204,1154,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66CDB6D1062FB3215AD68A7" authority="Bates, 1892" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1892" box="[300,716,1154,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenioctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D1062FB32152468A7" box="[300,581,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Chlaenioctenus pectinipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525B4B20F66CDB6D1302FB3215AD68A7" author="Bates" box="[588,716,1154,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Bates, H. W. (1892) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicini XLIV. List of the Carabidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 12, 267 - 428." type="journal article" year="1892">Bates, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525B4B20F66CDB6D123FFB3213B168A7" author="Basilewsky" box="[881,1232,1154,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Basilewsky, P. & Grundmann, E. (1954) Sur les especes-types des genres et sous-genres de la sous-famille des Callistinae (Col. Carabidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Bulgique, 90 (9 - 10), 239 - 259." type="journal article" year="1954">Basilewsky & Grundmann, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED0655AF66CDB6D11D9FB7714E86BF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66CDB6D11D9FB77125F6B09" blockId="1.[151,1438,1223,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D11D9FB77164968DF" bold="true" box="[151,296,1223,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body long-oval, length 13.5 to 16.0 mm, width 5.0 to 6.0 mm. Black with metallic lustre, elytra with two round yellow spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D1347FB5D15E06939" box="[521,641,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,274,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[259,1322,381,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[242,1344,367,1963]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Chlaenius piligenys sp. nov. 1) Holotype, male, dorsal view. 2) Holotype, male, ventral view. 3) Paratype, female, dorsal view 4) Paratype, female, ventral view. Scale line = 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D13DEFB5D15A36939" box="[656,706,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,271,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[287,1308,204,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[261,1325,194,1738]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Chlaenius rotundithorax sp. nov. 5) Holotype, male, dorsal view. 6) Holotype, male, ventral view. 7) Paratype, female, dorsal view. 8) Paratype, female, ventral view. Scale line = 5.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193990/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">5, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D139EFB5D15806939" box="[720,737,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStartId="5.[151,270,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[280,1386,335,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,335,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 10. Chlaenius pectinipes Bates, 1892. 9) Holotype, male, dorsal view. 10) Holotype, male, ventral view. FIGURES 11 – 12. Chlaenius schillhammeri Kirschenhofer, 2003. 11) Holotype, female, dorsal view. 12) Paratype, female, ventral view. Scale line = 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193991/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">9</figureCitation>
|
||
, 11, 13, 14). Head moderately large, vertex more or less punctate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D105EFAA216C96912" box="[272,424,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,197,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,194,1710]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Heads of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 20) C. piligenys, holotype, white arrow indicating the pubescence on gena. 21) C. rotundithorax, holotype. 22) C. pectinipes, holotype. 23) C. freyi, holotype. 24) C. freyi, IOZ. 25) C. schillhammeri, holotype. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193994/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs. 20–25</figureCitation>
|
||
); eyes large and prominent; antennae long, antennomeres 1–3 sparsely pubescent, antennomeres 4–11 densely pubescent, antennomere 1 distinctly cylindrical, antennomere 3 elongated, slightly shorter than antennomeres 1 and 2 combined, longer than antennomere 4; clypeus and labrum emarginate at apex; labrum with six setigerous punctures near apex; mandible triangle, faintly hooked at apex; palpi glabrous, apical labial palpomere moderately rhombic in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D154FFA18130169FC" box="[1025,1120,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="7.[151,270,728,752]" captionTargetBox="[207,1398,185,701]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,185,717]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Character states of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 16) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys; holotype, male. 17) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys, paratype, female. 18) Reduced hindwing of C. rotundithorax (in yellow circle), holotype. 19) Tooth of front femora of C. piligenys (indicated by red arrow), holotype. Scale lines: A = 0.5 mm (Figs. 16, 17); B = 1.0 mm (Fig. 18); C = 1.0 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), cylindrical and slightly compressed in female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D10E3FA7D156769D9" box="[429,518,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="7.[151,270,728,752]" captionTargetBox="[207,1398,185,701]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,185,717]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Character states of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 16) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys; holotype, male. 17) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys, paratype, female. 18) Reduced hindwing of C. rotundithorax (in yellow circle), holotype. 19) Tooth of front femora of C. piligenys (indicated by red arrow), holotype. Scale lines: A = 0.5 mm (Figs. 16, 17); B = 1.0 mm (Fig. 18); C = 1.0 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
); mentum tooth distinct, rounded at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D154BFA7D13F969D9" box="[1029,1176,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 28" captionStartId="9.[151,272,1117,1141]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,831,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,831,1095]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 28. Mentum of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 26) C. piligenys, holotype. 27) C. rotundithorax, holotype. 28) C. pectinipes, holotype. Scale line = 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193995/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs. 26–28</figureCitation>
|
||
); glossal sclerite with two subapical setae; gula glabrous. Pronotum ovoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D125CFA4214C56A32" box="[786,932,1522,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 34" captionStartId="10.[151,271,1346,1370]" captionTargetBox="[213,1372,419,1321]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1398,418,1325]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 34. Pronotum of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 29) C. piligenys, holotype. 30) C. rotundithorax, holotype. 31) C. pectinipes, holotype. 32) C. freyi, holotype. 33) C. freyi, IOZ. 34) C. schillhammeri, holotype. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193996/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs. 29–34</figureCitation>
|
||
), truncated at apex and base, disk more or less punctate, pubescent or not, hind angle with one seta. Scutellum triangular, glabrous, with fine microsculptures. Elytra elongate, pubescent, apex of elytra more rounded in females than in males; intervals with distinct microsculpture; striae shallow, punctate; shoulders rounded.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EDD7641F66CDB6D12B5F9D213576A42" box="[1019,1078,1634,1660]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wings reduced, brachypterous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D11EEF93816636A9C" box="[160,258,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="7.[151,270,728,752]" captionTargetBox="[207,1398,185,701]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,185,717]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Character states of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 16) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys; holotype, male. 17) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys, paratype, female. 18) Reduced hindwing of C. rotundithorax (in yellow circle), holotype. 19) Tooth of front femora of C. piligenys (indicated by red arrow), holotype. Scale lines: A = 0.5 mm (Figs. 16, 17); B = 1.0 mm (Fig. 18); C = 1.0 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proepisterna smooth or sparsely punctate. Prosternal process bordered, with short setae. Metaepisterna coarsely punctate, pubescent or not, with a longitudinal furrow near outer margin. Abdominal sterna pubescent, sterna 3 to 5 with a long seta on each side, sternum 6 with one seta on each side in male, two in female. Front femora with one tooth on inner margin in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D128FF948137D6B2C" box="[961,1052,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="7.[151,270,728,752]" captionTargetBox="[207,1398,185,701]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[188,1398,185,717]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Character states of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 16) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys; holotype, male. 17) Apical labial palpomere of C. piligenys, paratype, female. 18) Reduced hindwing of C. rotundithorax (in yellow circle), holotype. 19) Tooth of front femora of C. piligenys (indicated by red arrow), holotype. Scale lines: A = 0.5 mm (Figs. 16, 17); B = 1.0 mm (Fig. 18); C = 1.0 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
), without tooth in female; tarsi glabrous dorsally, pro-tarsi with basal three tarsomeres dilated in male; claws pectinate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D15EFF8AD12506B09" box="[1185,1329,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="11.[151,273,788,812]" captionTargetBox="[193,1386,518,751]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,517,767]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Claws of Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) species. 40) C. piligenys, holotype. 41) C. rotundithorax, holotype. 42) C. pectinipes, holotype. 43) C. freyi, IOZ. Scale line = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193998/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs. 40–43</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66CDB6D1188F8F214E86BF2" blockId="1.[151,1438,1223,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D1188F8F215766B62" bold="true" box="[198,535,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EDD7641F66CDB6D137CF8F215106B62" box="[562,625,1858,1884]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EDD7641F66CDB6D13C4F8F2159F6B62" box="[650,766,1858,1884]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EDD7641F66CDB6D125BF8F214116B62" box="[789,880,1858,1884]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Tailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EDD7641F66CDB6D12C6F8F214B36B62" box="[904,978,1858,1884]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The collecting sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66CDB6D146BF8F316006BBC" authority="(Chlaenioctenus)" baseAuthorityName="Chlaenioctenus" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D146BF8F312FD6B62" box="[1317,1436,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Chlaenius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66CDB6D11EFF8D816366BBF" box="[161,343,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Chlaenioctenus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="AEF12A54F66CDB6D132DF8D815DA6BBC" box="[611,699,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="13.[151,257,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,446,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1398,446,1378]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 53. Geographical distribution of Chlaenioctenus species. BI, C. bilyi; EN, C. eneides; FR, C. freyi; PE, C. pectinipes; PI, C. piligenys; RO, C. rotundithorax; SC, C. schillhammeri; SE, C. sehnali." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194001/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
. This subgenus is widely distributed in the South Asia; but the distributions of individual species are apparently restricted to very small areas. This is probably reflective of low dispersal ability due to reduced (non-functional) hindwings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED0655AF66FDB6E1188FF2716F46D1C" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66FDB6E1188FF2716F46D1C" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E1188FF2716436C8F" bold="true" box="[198,290,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Adults of this species have been collected along roads at night and by use of pitfall traps. Although the hind wings are reduced and nonfunctional in all specimens examined, several specimens had been collected under lights at night. It is most likely that they walked or ran to the lights to feed on prey attracted to the lights.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ED0655AF66FDB6E1188FE9D13AE6DE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="367536D1F66FDB6E1188FE9D13AE6DE2" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E1188FE9D16596D79" bold="true" box="[198,312,301,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on the metallic body surface, single supraorbital seta, antennae with antennomere 3 longest and antennomeres 4–11 densely pubescent,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66FDB6E13B5FEE214D36D55" box="[763,946,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenioctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E13B5FEE214D36D55" box="[763,946,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Chlaenioctenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized easily as a member of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66FDB6E11ACFEC816386DAF" box="[226,345,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E11ACFEC816386DAF" box="[226,345,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Chlaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Adults of the subgenus are mostly similar to those of subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66FDB6E151EFEC813976DAF" box="[1104,1270,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lissauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E151EFEC813976DAF" box="[1104,1270,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Lissauchenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66FDB6E1463FEC812FD6DAF" box="[1325,1436,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocybatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E1463FEC812FD6DAF" box="[1325,1436,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Ocybatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1CA4D52F66FDB6E104BFE2D161C6D88" box="[261,381,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chlaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04BEEAC3F66FDB6E104BFE2D161C6D88" box="[261,381,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Chlaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general body shape in having a round yellow spot on each elytron, but different from them and those of other subgenera in having pectinate claws, which are unique in the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |