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<mods:title id="22FD7C69EFA84A9FB1F5A901E2D2E685">Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species.</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="70A5006284F03E09E0B317054E639DF4">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="1DC80C2AD048F98883EFAF00DFB6E9A2">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org)</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF9EFF823E45644CFC807306" ID-CoL="8KV2Q" authority="Jeannel, 1923" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1923" box="[530,846,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF9EFF823E45644CFD627305" bold="true" box="[530,684,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Agonotrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF9EFF823EE4644FFC807306" author="JEANNEL, R." box="[691,846,1086,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="393 - 435" refId="ref59489" refString="JEANNEL, R. 1923. Les Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) de la Region Orientale. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 12: 393 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Jeannel, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF9EFF823DBF641AFCEB73D0" ID-CoL="8KV2Q" authority="Jeannel, 1923: 428" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1923" box="[488,805,1131,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF9EFF823DBF641AFDA273D0" box="[488,620,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Agonotrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF9EFF823E24641AFCEB73D0" author="JEANNEL, R." box="[627,805,1131,1153]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="393 - 435" refId="ref59489" refString="JEANNEL, R. 1923. Les Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) de la Region Orientale. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 12: 393 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Jeannel, 1923:428</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE109AFF9EFF823DBA64FAFCD173F0" author="UENO, S. I." box="[493,799,1163,1184]" page="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF9EFF823DBA64FAFCD173F0" ID-CoL="8KY83" authority="Ueno, 1981: 2" authorityName="Ueno" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1981" box="[493,799,1163,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paragonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF9EFF823DBA64FAFD5D73F0" box="[493,659,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Paragonotrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF9EFF823ECD64FAFCD173F0" author="UENO, S. I." box="[666,799,1163,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref61106" refString="UENO, S. I. 1981. A remarkable new trechine beetle found in a superficial subterranean habitat near Tokyo, Central Japan. Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan 6: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1981">Uéno, 1981:2</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE109AFF9EFF823DBE64DAFCEA7390" author="UENO, S. I." box="[489,804,1195,1216]" page="188" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" year="1977">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF9EFF823DBE64DAFCEA7390" ID-CoL="8KVLF" authority="Ueno, 1977: 188" authorityName="Ueno" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="1977" box="[489,804,1195,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bhutanotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF9EFF823DBE64DAFD4E7390" box="[489,640,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Bhutanotrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF9EFF823ED164DAFCEA7390" author="UENO, S. I." box="[646,804,1195,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref61071" refString="UENO, S. I. 1977. Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Coleoptera: Fam. Carabidae Subfam. Trechinae. Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 175 - 196." type="journal article" year="1977">Uéno, 1977:188</bibRefCitation>
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.
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.—
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF9EFF823D3F6495FD0A73AC" ID-CoL="7CNQS" authority="Bates, 1892" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1892" box="[360,708,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF9EFF823D3F6495FDF573AC" box="[360,571,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Trechus birmanicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF9EFF823E156495FD0A73AC" author="BATES, H. W." box="[578,708,1252,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="267 - 428" refId="ref58154" refString="BATES, H. W. 1892. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XLIV. List of Carabidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 32: 267 - 428" type="journal article" year="1892">Bates, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0368BFF9EFF853CFC6575FC8D7605" blockId="11.[123,1174,1252,1726]" lastBlockId="12.[123,1174,219,1027]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
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<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF9EFF823CFC6575FEEE724A" bold="true" box="[171,288,1284,1308]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
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.— Adults of this genus (
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<figureCitation id="13442A0EFF9EFF823ECE6575FD7C724C" box="[665,690,1284,1308]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="19.[171,183,1596,1615]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[120,1176,216,1579]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Agonotrechus xiaoheishan sp. nov.; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1036866). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1036866), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for A. xiaoheishan in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13155299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13155299/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">9a</figureCitation>
) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size medium to large for a trechine (BL = 4.5 to 7.0 mm) members of most species with full hindwings and large, convex eyes, but those of a few species apterous and with eyes reduced in size and/or convexity, some even microphthalmous or nearly anophthalmous; frons flattened, depressed; dorsolateral margin of mandibular scope with a row of small setae aligned as a sparse comb in some members (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF9EFF823E0865D5FCBC72ED" author="BELOUSOV, I. A. &amp; I. I. KABAK" box="[607,882,1444,1469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="15 - 86" refId="ref58192" refString="BELOUSOV, I. A., AND I. I. KABAK. 2003. New Trechini from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Tethys Entomological Research 8: 15 - 86." type="journal article" year="2003">Belousov &amp; Kabak 2003</bibRefCitation>
); right mandible (
<figureCitation id="13442A0EFF9EFF82386465D5FB4072EC" box="[1075,1166,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="43.[171,183,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[153,1126,230,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[134,1152,216,1601]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 16. Trechine right mandibles, ventral aspect. a. Agonotrechus xiaoheishan sp. nov. b. Trechus indicus Putzeys with dentition enlarged. c. Trechus gongshanensis sp. nov. d. Trechus shibalicus sp. nov. e. Pseudepaphius gonggaicus Deuve with dentition enlarged (China, Sichuan Province, Moxi Township, NE slope of Gongga Shan). f. Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa sp. nov. with dentition enlarged. g. Epaphiotrechus fortipesoides sp. nov. with dentition enlarged. h. Trechepaphiama gaoligong sp. nov. Scale lines = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13155313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13155313/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
) bidentate, the premolar tooth fused with the retinaculum, from which the anterior tooth is distinctly projected and in a forward position and the posterior tooth is absent or flush; left mandible with only a short, subconical, more or less trifid ridge; clypeus with six setae in most members; labium with anterior margin not or only slightly concave; mentum fused with submentum, incompletely in some members; submentum with six setae in most members, but some with eight setae; pronotum little narrowed basally, with lateral explanation distinctly broadened basally in many members; elytra with discal striae varied, from complete to effaced, punctate in many members, parascutellar striole very long in many members; anterior discal seta present in all members and inserted at the basal one-fifth or one-sixth of elytra, middle discal seta present or absent, preapical seta present at or near stria
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most members, absent from a very few members; legs slender, protibiae furrowed, the basal two protarsomeres dilated and toothed; abdominal ventrites glabrous except for usual paramedial setae; aedeagus with a spoon-shaped copulatory piece.
</paragraph>
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.— Members of the first known
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<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853E82612FFCA67626" box="[725,872,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Agonotrechus</emphasis>
species
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had only the anteri- or discal seta of the elytron inserted at the basal one-fifth or one-sixth. Consequently, this feature was used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF853D5F61EEFE6676E7" author="JEANNEL, R." box="[264,424,415,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="393 - 435" refId="ref59489" refString="JEANNEL, R. 1923. Les Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) de la Region Orientale. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 12: 393 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Jeannel (1923)</bibRefCitation>
to define his new genus. Members of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853F1B61EEFB5B76E7" authority="Ueno (1981)" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1981" box="[844,1173,415,439]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paragonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853F1B61EEFBCA76E7" box="[844,1028,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Paragonotrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF85385B61EEFB5B76E7" author="UENO, S. I." box="[1036,1173,415,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref61106" refString="UENO, S. I. 1981. A remarkable new trechine beetle found in a superficial subterranean habitat near Tokyo, Central Japan. Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan 6: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1981">Uéno (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar and differ only in having a more slender body form and the parascutellar striole very long. Those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853D0E6191FD5A76A8" authority="Ueno (1977)" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1977" box="[345,660,480,504]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bhutanotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853D0E6191FDCF76A8" box="[345,513,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Bhutanotrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF853E5E6191FD5A76A8" author="UENO, S. I." box="[521,660,480,504]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref61071" refString="UENO, S. I. 1977. Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Coleoptera: Fam. Carabidae Subfam. Trechinae. Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 175 - 196." type="journal article" year="1977">Uéno (1977)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<collectingCountry id="F368761BFF99FF853F1B6191FC5276A8" box="[844,924,480,504]" name="Bhutan" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
, were distinguished by having the elytral discal striae effaced and a second elytral discal seta (the middle seta) present. The presence of the middle seta is a plesiotypic feature in
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853E936250FCEE7569" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[708,800,545,569]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
, but species with members having two discal setae sometimes have been grouped together or assigned to genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853FBA6233FB5B750A" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1977" box="[1005,1173,578,602]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bhutanotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853FBA6233FB5B750A" box="[1005,1173,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Bhutanotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF853CD56212FED8752B" author="DEUVE, T." box="[130,278,611,635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="171 - 184" refId="ref58851" refString="DEUVE, T. 1992 b. Contribution a la connaissance des Trechidae asiatiques (Coleoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 97: 171 - 184." type="journal article" year="1992">Deuve 1992b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF853D756212FE95752B" author="DEUVE, T." box="[290,347,611,635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="5 - 18" refId="ref58882" refString="DEUVE, T. 1995. Contribution a l'inventaire des Trechidae Trechinae de Chine et de Thailande (Coleoptera). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (N. S.) 17: 5 - 18." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
). Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853DEC6212FD80752B" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1923" box="[443,590,611,635]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853DEC6212FD80752B" box="[443,590,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Agonotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is really a homogenous group, despite the differences among its members in impression of the elytral discal striae, length of the parascutellar stiole, number of elytral discal setae and size of the eyes, differences in the last feature being associated with differential flight capability. There appears to be no reason to maintain
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853FFC62B4FBAD758D" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1981" box="[939,1123,709,733]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paragonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853FFC62B4FBAD758D" box="[939,1123,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Paragonotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853C2C6294FEED75AD" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1977" box="[123,291,741,765]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bhutanotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853C2C6294FEED75AD" box="[123,291,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Bhutanotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0368BFF99FF853CFC6377FD4B740F" blockId="12.[123,1174,219,1027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">
The bidentate dentition of the right mandible of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853EE16377FC87744E" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1923" box="[694,841,774,798]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853EE16377FC87744E" box="[694,841,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Agonotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the premolar tooth completely fused with retinaculum, distinguishes this group from members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D08FF99FF853FE06356FBE8746E" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1923" box="[951,1062,807,830]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Stevensius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853FE06356FBE8746E" box="[951,1062,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Stevensius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Complex, with which
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF853CAD6336FE5C740F" author="JEANNEL, R." box="[250,402,839,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="393 - 435" refId="ref59489" refString="JEANNEL, R. 1923. Les Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) de la Region Orientale. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 12: 393 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Jeannel (1923</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B7AFF99FF853DCA6336FE1A740F" author="JEANNEL, R." box="[413,468,839,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353" pagination="1 - 808" refId="ref59586" refString="JEANNEL, R. 1928. Monographie des Trechinae. Morphologie comparee et distribution geographique d'un groupe de Coleopteres. (Troisieme livraison). L'Abeille 35: 1 - 808." type="journal article" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
) had grouped it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0368BFF99FF853CFC6319FDD87353" blockId="12.[123,1174,219,1027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B90BEA99FF99FF853CFC6319FE3F742E" bold="true" box="[171,497,872,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D26A057FF99FF853D0A631AFE3F742E" baselines="889" box="[349,497,875,894]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.— This genus, which at present includes 16 species, is known from the southeastern part of the Palearctic Region and northern edge of the Oriental Region, from
<collectingCountry id="F368761BFF99FF853C2C63D8FF757491" box="[123,187,937,961]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Nepal</collectingCountry>
eastward to southern Gansu Province in the north and
<collectingCountry id="F368761BFF99FF853F4163DBFC4E7492" box="[790,896,938,962]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368761BFF99FF853FDA63D8FC247491" box="[909,1002,937,961]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, and Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces; and one species has been described from
<collectingCountry id="F368761BFF99FF853F4E63BBFC9774B1" box="[793,857,970,993]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="353">Japan</collectingCountry>
. The study area is within the previously known range of this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>