335 lines
40 KiB
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335 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3b5548c-1f3b-4a15-acb7-45f3c3a71299" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7822982" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" approvalRequired="9" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="3" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1681181049256" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gommery, Dominique, Kgasi, Lazarus, Vilakazi, Nonhlanhla, Sénégas, Frank, Pickford, Martin, Kuhn, Brian, Schnyder, Johann & Pois, Véronique" docDate="2023" docId="0277E376FFFDD474FC48B3B86586F72E" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.5.163-195.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cercopithecoides williamsi Mollett 1947" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="FE4E9B0EFFE8D462FFC8B00E666CF260" masterDocTitle="First in situ middle Pliocene cercopithecoid fossils from the Palaeokarst System of Bolt’s Farm (South Africa)" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1681317148417" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First in situ middle Pliocene cercopithecoid fossils from the Palaeokarst System of Bolt’s Farm (South Africa)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gommery, Dominique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P), CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie-SU, T. 46 - 56, E. 5, 4 Place Jussieu, F- 75005 Paris (France) & Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dominique.gommery@sorbonne-universite.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kgasi, Lazarus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lkgasi@ditsong.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vilakazi, Nonhlanhla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nvilakazi@uj.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sénégas, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P), CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie-SU, T. 46 - 56, E. 5, 4 Place Jussieu, F- 75005 Paris (France) & Palaeo-Research Institute (P-R I), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa) & Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">frank.senegas@sorbonne-universite.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pickford, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P, UMR 7207), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS / MNHN / Sorbonne Université, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.pickford@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kuhn, Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kuhnbf@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schnyder, Johann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (ISTeP – UMR 7193), Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie-SU, T. 56 - 66, E. 5, 4 Place Jussieu, F- 75005 Paris (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johann.schnyder@sorbonne-universite.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pois, Véronique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194), Centre européen de Recherches préhistoriques de Tautavel, Avenue Léon-Jean Grégory, F- 66720 Tautavel (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">veronique.pois@univ-perp.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-30</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>163</mods:start>
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<mods:end>195</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a3b5548c-1f3b-4a15-acb7-45f3c3a71299</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7822982</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7822996" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7822996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0277E376FFFDD474FC48B3B86586F72E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0277E376FFFDD474FC48B3B86586F72E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection box="[896,1372,949,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[896,1372,949,976]" box="[896,1372,949,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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<heading box="[896,1372,949,976]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mollett, 1947" authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[896,1372,949,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[896,1074,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1114,1214,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">williamsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="MOLLETT VAN DER SPUY O. D." box="[1221,1372,949,975]" firstAuthor="Mollett" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="295 - 303" part="43" publicationUrl="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA00382353_6362" refId="ref20871" refString="MOLLETT VAN DER SPUY O. D. 1947. - Fossil mammals from the Makapan valley, Potgietersrust. I. Primates. South African Journal of Science 43: 295 - 303. https: // hdl. handle. net / 10520 / AJA 00382353 _ 6362" title="Fossil mammals from the Makapan valley, Potgietersrust. I. Primates" type="journal article" year="1947">Mollett, 1947</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[813,1455,1006,1031]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[813,1455,1006,1031]" box="[813,1455,1006,1031]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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||
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<materialsCitation box="[1061,1455,1006,1031]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1061,1152,1007,1031]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Cranium</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode box="[1164,1209,1006,1029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">BPB</collectionCode>
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7, frontal bone (
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<figureCitation box="[1373,1440,1006,1030]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1457,1077,1677]" box="[813,957,1077,1103]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1457,1077,1677]" box="[813,1084,1108,1135]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis box="[813,1084,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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Cranium BPB 7 (
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<figureCitation box="[999,1074,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1457,1077,1677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1226,1140,1166]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">General description and preservation.</emphasis>
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This specimen is the anterior part of the calvaria (maximum length:
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<quantity box="[1346,1452,1172,1199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="54.9">54.9 mm</quantity>
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; breadth:
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<quantity box="[902,996,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="83.5">83.5 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<figureCitation box="[1014,1082,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig.21</figureCitation>
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A-C)comprised of two isolated pieces (
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<figureCitation box="[821,916,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig.21D</figureCitation>
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). It is less distorted than BPB 1. The left anterior part (corresponding to the upper part of the left orbit) is the most affected by distortion. Many cracks are present mainly in the posterior part. In anterior view, the upper part of the orbits, the glabella and the interorbital pillar are preserved. The latter is well preserved and broad (
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<quantity box="[1143,1244,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="15.9">15.9 mm</quantity>
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), typical of colobine monkeys, especially
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[1030,1194,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1030,1194,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="FREEDMAN L." box="[1209,1378,1427,1454]" firstAuthor="Freedman" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="121 - 262" part="23" refId="ref18253" refString="FREEDMAN L. 1957. - The fossil Cercopithecoidea of South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 23: 121 - 262." title="The fossil Cercopithecoidea of South Africa" type="journal article" year="1957">Freedman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="FREEDMAN L." box="[1393,1448,1427,1454]" firstAuthor="Freedman" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologia Africana" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="19 - 48" part="9" refId="ref18315" refString="FREEDMAN L. 1965. - Fossil and subfossil Primates from the limestone deposits at Taung, Bolt's Farm and Witkrans, South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 9: 19 - 48." title="Fossil and subfossil Primates from the limestone deposits at Taung, Bolt's Farm and Witkrans, South Africa" type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="SZALAY F. S. & DELSON E." bookContentInfo="580 p." box="[813,1049,1459,1485]" firstAuthor="Szalay" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" refId="ref22278" refString="SZALAY F. S. & DELSON E. 1979. - Evolutionary History of the Primates. Academic Press, New York, 580 p." title="Evolutionary History of the Primates" type="book" year="1979">Szalay & Delson 1979</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation author="FROST S. R. & DELSON E." box="[1063,1289,1459,1485]" firstAuthor="Frost" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="687 - 748" part="43" refId="ref18485" refString="FROST S. R. & DELSON E. 2002. - Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution 43: 687 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jhev. 2002.0603" title="Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia" type="journal article" year="2002">Frost & Delson 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="JABLONSKI N. G. & LEAKEY M. G. & WARD C. V. & ANTON M." editor="JABLONSKI N. G. & LEAKEY M. G." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jablonski" journalOrPublisher="California Academy Press, San Francisco" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="31 - 102" refId="ref20357" refString="JABLONSKI N. G., LEAKEY M. G., WARD C. V. & ANTON M. 2008 b. - Systematic paleontology of the large colobines, in JABLONSKI N. G. & LEAKEY M. G. (eds), Koobi Fora Research Project, Vol. 6, The Fossil Monkeys. California Academy Press, San Francisco: 31 - 102." title="Systematic paleontology of the large colobines" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Koobi Fora Research Project, Vol. 6, The Fossil Monkeys" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">
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||
Jablonski
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<emphasis box="[1406,1456,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2008b
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R." box="[890,1122,1491,1517]" editor="WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J." firstAuthor="Jablonski" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" pagination="393 - 428" refId="ref20243" refString="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R. 2010. - Cercopithecoidea, in WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 393 - 428." title="Cercopithecoidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cenozoic Mammals of Africa" year="2010">Jablonski & Frost 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).This genus is common in South African Plio-Pleistocene sites. In superior view (
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<figureCitation box="[1295,1387,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
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), there is an important ophryonic groove as is usual in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[1285,1446,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1285,1446,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. There are a few bits of bone missing from the frontal but one of them, the biggest, presents an oval outline and probably corresponds to a predation mark.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7823030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823030/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" startId="21.[132,143,1637,1654]" targetBox="[146,762,853,1594]" targetPageId="21">
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||
<paragraph blockId="21.[132,775,1637,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
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FIG. 20. —
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[223,236,1637,1654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[247,260,1637,1654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">B</emphasis>
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||
, Left patella of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1828" box="[391,474,1637,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Papionina">Papionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet., specimen BPB 5:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[688,701,1637,1654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">A</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,191,1659,1676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">B</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[323,337,1659,1676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[346,360,1659,1676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">D</emphasis>
|
||
, fragment of a right talus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1828" box="[583,665,1659,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Papionina">Papionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet.,specimen BPB 6:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[237,251,1682,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">C</emphasis>
|
||
, inferior view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[372,386,1682,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">D</emphasis>
|
||
, superior view. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[811,1456,1714,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,907,1714,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Calvaria.</emphasis>
|
||
In superior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1098,1192,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the ophryonic groove is deep and broad antero-posteriorly. Posterior to the ophryonic groove, the frontal has a rounded aspect. The temporal lines are well developed anteriorly with a strongly salient aspect as in BF 42A.Despite the damage,the postorbital constriction seems weak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[811,1457,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[130,777,1204,1358]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,973,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Orbital region.</emphasis>
|
||
The superior orbital margins and parts of the lateral orbital margins are preserved and thick (thickness of the superior:
|
||
<quantity box="[909,994,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
at left and
|
||
<quantity box="[1110,1195,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
at right) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1301,1396,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-489@22.[703,1272,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947, specimen BPB 7: A, superior view; B, inferior view; C, frontal view; D, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="182">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The supraorbital torus is well developed and thick. The preserved part suggests that the orbits were large. The lower aspect of the interorbital pillar suggests that the nasal and maxilla sutures are not fused; this frontal bone probably belongs to a sub-adult. The interorbital pillar is large.The glabellar region is moderately inflated anteriorly but this part is abraded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7823032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7823032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7823032/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" startId="22.[132,143,1087,1104]" targetBox="[159,1434,214,1045]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[132,1455,1087,1126]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">
|
||
FIG. 21. — Anterior part of calvaria of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mollett, 1947" authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[451,819,1087,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[451,598,1087,1104]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[631,700,1087,1104]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MOLLETT VAN DER SPUY O. D." box="[707,819,1087,1104]" firstAuthor="Mollett" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="295 - 303" part="43" publicationUrl="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA00382353_6362" refId="ref20871" refString="MOLLETT VAN DER SPUY O. D. 1947. - Fossil mammals from the Makapan valley, Potgietersrust. I. Primates. South African Journal of Science 43: 295 - 303. https: // hdl. handle. net / 10520 / AJA 00382353 _ 6362" title="Fossil mammals from the Makapan valley, Potgietersrust. I. Primates" type="journal article" year="1947">Mollett, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen BPB 7:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,994,1087,1104]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
|
||
, superior view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1129,1142,1087,1104]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">B</emphasis>
|
||
, inferior view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1266,1280,1087,1104]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">C</emphasis>
|
||
, frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1413,1087,1104]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">D</emphasis>
|
||
, two isolated fragments of the calvaria. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="183" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[130,776,1395,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[811,1456,1204,1358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,230,1395,1421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The morphology and the size of the specimen are comparable to the homologous frontal areas of different specimens of the very large colobine
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[398,657,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,657,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Cercopithecoides williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as BF 42A (Pit 23, BFCS) or AD 1326-6/M 236 (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[580,626,1491,1517]" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen), M 2999/MP 113 and M 3055 (from Makapansgat Limeworks).In the absence of a complete muzzle and dentition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FROST S. R. & DELSON E." firstAuthor="Frost" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="687 - 748" part="43" refId="ref18485" refString="FROST S. R. & DELSON E. 2002. - Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution 43: 687 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jhev. 2002.0603" title="Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia" type="journal article" year="2002">Frost & Delson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R." box="[197,434,1586,1613]" editor="WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J." firstAuthor="Jablonski" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="393 - 428" refId="ref20243" refString="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R. 2010. - Cercopithecoidea, in WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 393 - 428." title="Cercopithecoidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cenozoic Mammals of Africa" year="2010">Jablonski & Frost 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we provisionally assign the fossil BPB 7 to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[239,395,1618,1645]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,264,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,395,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from the older species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Leakey et al., 2003" authorityName="Leakey" authorityYear="2003" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kerioensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">C. kerioensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="LEAKEY M. G. & TEAFORD M. F. & WARD C V." box="[232,430,1650,1677]" editor="LEAKEY M. G. & HARRIS J. M." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Leakey" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="201 - 249" refId="ref20552" refString="LEAKEY M. G., TEAFORD M. F. & WARD C V. 2003. - Cercopithecidae from Lothagam, in LEAKEY M. G. & HARRIS J. M. (eds), Lothagam. The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. Columbia University Press, New York: 201 - 249." title="Cercopithecidae from Lothagam" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Lothagam. The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa" year="2003">
|
||
Leakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[312,362,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="LEAKEY M. G. & TEAFORD M. F. & WARD C V." box="[445,635,1650,1676]" editor="LEAKEY M. G. & HARRIS J. M." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Leakey" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="201 - 249" refId="ref20552" refString="LEAKEY M. G., TEAFORD M. F. & WARD C V. 2003. - Cercopithecidae from Lothagam, in LEAKEY M. G. & HARRIS J. M. (eds), Lothagam. The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. Columbia University Press, New York: 201 - 249." title="Cercopithecidae from Lothagam" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Lothagam. The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa" year="2003">
|
||
Leakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,575,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R." editor="WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J." firstAuthor="Jablonski" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="393 - 428" refId="ref20243" refString="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R. 2010. - Cercopithecoidea, in WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 393 - 428." title="Cercopithecoidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cenozoic Mammals of Africa" year="2010">Jablonski & Frost 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,292,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">c.</emphasis>
|
||
5-4.2 Ma:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[416,488,1682,1708]" name="Kenya" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
), by its greater dimensions and thicker supraorbital torus despite the fact that this last feature seems variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[369,531,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,531,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ANDERSON M. & FROST S. R. & GILBERT C. C. & DELSON E." box="[546,767,1746,1772]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Anderson" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Physical Anthropology S" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="68" part="56" refId="ref17410" refString="ANDERSON M., FROST S. R., GILBERT C. C. & DELSON E. 2013. - Morphological diversity and species recognition in South African Cercopithecoides williamsi. American Journal of Physical Anthropology S 56: 68." title="Morphological diversity and species recognition in South African Cercopithecoides williamsi" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Anderson
|
||
<emphasis box="[655,706,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FROST S. R. & JABLONSKI N. G. & HAILE- SALASSIE Y." box="[132,296,1778,1804]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Frost" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="39 - 53" part="76" refId="ref18535" refString="FROST S. R., JABLONSKI N. G. & HAILE- SALASSIE Y. 2014. - Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage. Journal of Human Evolution 76: 39 - 53. http: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jhevol. 2014.05.003." title="Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis box="[190,238,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some colobine remains from Woranso-Mille (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[138,231,1810,1836]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) dated between 3.8 and 3.6 Ma were attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[134,296,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[134,296,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,415,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">meaveae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FROST S. R. & DELSON E." box="[421,652,1841,1868]" firstAuthor="Frost" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="687 - 748" part="43" refId="ref18485" refString="FROST S. R. & DELSON E. 2002. - Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution 43: 687 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jhev. 2002.0603" title="Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia" type="journal article" year="2002">Frost & Delson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FROST S. R. & JABLONSKI N. G. & HAILE- SALASSIE Y." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Frost" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="39 - 53" part="76" refId="ref18535" refString="FROST S. R., JABLONSKI N. G. & HAILE- SALASSIE Y. 2014. - Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage. Journal of Human Evolution 76: 39 - 53. http: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jhevol. 2014.05.003." title="Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and the origins of the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,776,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was known previously only at Leadu and Hadar (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[217,311,1905,1931]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) between 3.4 to 3.28 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FROST S. R. & DELSON E." firstAuthor="Frost" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="687 - 748" part="43" refId="ref18485" refString="FROST S. R. & DELSON E. 2002. - Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution 43: 687 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jhev. 2002.0603" title="Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia" type="journal article" year="2002">Frost & Delson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R." box="[202,452,1937,1964]" editor="WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J." firstAuthor="Jablonski" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="393 - 428" refId="ref20243" refString="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R. 2010. - Cercopithecoidea, in WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 393 - 428." title="Cercopithecoidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cenozoic Mammals of Africa" year="2010">Jablonski & Frost 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The remains from WoransoMille are larger than the youngest remains from Leadu and Hadar but are still smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollet" authorityYear="1947" box="[558,674,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="willamsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[558,674,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">C. willamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another large colobine, similar in size to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Leakey, 1969" authorityName="Leakey" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Paracolobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1372,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Paracolobus</emphasis>
|
||
Leakey, 1969
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is presumed to occur at Makapansgat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R." editor="WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J." firstAuthor="Jablonski" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" pagination="393 - 428" refId="ref20243" refString="JABLONSKI N. G. & FROST S. R. 2010. - Cercopithecoidea, in WEDERLIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: 393 - 428." title="Cercopithecoidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cenozoic Mammals of Africa" year="2010">Jablonski & Frost 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but it is represented by isolated teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leakey" authorityYear="1969" box="[1267,1384,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Paracolobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1384,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Paracolobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mollett" authorityYear="1947" box="[869,1031,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1031,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="183">Cercopithecoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a marked postorbital constriction, not present on BPB 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |