453 lines
59 KiB
XML
453 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="CC59844B2A4EE5D1ACF66E041639E982" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.962.2683" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13947260" ID-ZooBank="40171C5B-90EB-4641-91FF-EA8CA2C60D23" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1729183243575" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramos-Sánchez, Mariela" docDate="2024" docId="03F2DF380279FF8DFD914830FBAF7FE9" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.962.1-67.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 962 (1)" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2683/12419" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Prostheceraeus panamensis Woodworth 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFCBA740024AFFBBFF994B10FFC27830" masterDocTitle="The polyclads (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Commented checklist and description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1729620246758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="D6210DD24A893D31E4BFCA806F0E909B">The polyclads (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Commented checklist and description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9C29A6FA36B4DAE0C1650CA19B57345">Ramos-Sánchez, Mariela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A4962E8A0A9D20D2B750642F1866789E">Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Área Ciencias Biológico Agropecuaria y Pesquera, Ciudad de la cultura “ Amado Nervo ”, Tepic, Nayarit, 63000, Mexico. & Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos (LABSIM), Universidad del Mar, campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, 70902, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B326D93B01D27214DBFB479C0A5B0B91" type="email">rmariela220@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B510021AB83F48944DDFA43CC427A04C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="16E75EACDAD1B6D11E46A157E39FF287">
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<mods:date id="D70D7DDAC0EE735B90F49EFAA130C809">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F2DF380279FF8DFD914830FBAF7FE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2DF380279FF8DFD914830FBAF7FE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2DF380279FF8DFD914830FBAF7FE9" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C3413DA50279FF88FD914830FBEE7B0A" box="[520,1068,800,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FD914830FBEE7B0A" blockId="51.[520,1068,800,827]" box="[520,1068,800,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0ACD9420279FF88FD914830FBEE7B0A" box="[520,1068,800,827]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD0279FF88FD914830FBEE7B0A" ID-CoL="4MYFG" authority="Woodworth, 1894" authorityName="Woodworth" authorityYear="1894" box="[520,1068,800,827]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panamensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FD914830FC9A7B0A" bold="true" box="[520,856,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Prostheceraeus panamensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FCF94830FBEE7B0A" author="Woodworth W." box="[864,1068,800,826]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref33253" refString="Woodworth W. 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " during 1891. IX. Report on the Turbellaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard College 25: 49 - 52. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4179619 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1894">Woodworth,1894</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3413DA50279FF88FF244872FB347B4C" box="[189,1270,865,892]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF244872FB347B4C" blockId="51.[189,1270,865,892]" box="[189,1270,865,892]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B49000279FF88FF244872FB347B4C" box="[189,1270,865,892]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFA483F0279FF88FF244872FCCC7B4C" author="Woodworth W." box="[189,782,865,892]" page="51" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1894">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD0279FF88FF244872FCCC7B4C" ID-CoL="4MYFG" authority="Woodworth, 1894: 51" authorityName="Woodworth" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1894" box="[189,782,865,892]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panamensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FF244872FDC77B4B" box="[189,517,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Prostheceraeus panamensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FD954872FCCC7B4C" author="Woodworth W." box="[524,782,865,892]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref33253" refString="Woodworth W. 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " during 1891. IX. Report on the Turbellaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard College 25: 49 - 52. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4179619 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1894">Woodworth, 1894: 51</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 3–4 (
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<typeStatus id="54E0D08C0279FF88FC1E4872FC797B4C" box="[903,955,866,892]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
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locality: Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FB1E4872FB2B7B4C" box="[1159,1257,866,892]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3413DA50279FF88FF2448B3FEBD7BDC" box="[189,383,931,1004]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF2448B3FE947B8D" blockId="51.[189,342,931,957]" box="[189,342,931,957]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0ACD9420279FF88FF2448B3FE947B8D" bold="true" box="[189,342,931,957]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FF2448B3FE947B8D" bold="true" box="[189,342,931,957]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF2448C2FEBD7BDC" blockId="51.[189,383,978,1004]" box="[189,383,978,1004]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FE8348C2FEB97BDC" box="[282,379,978,1004]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3413DA50279FF88FF244F03FE6E7C6C" box="[189,428,1043,1116]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF244F03FEDF7C1D" blockId="51.[189,285,1043,1069]" box="[189,285,1043,1069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0ACD9420279FF88FF244F03FEDF7C1D" bold="true" box="[189,285,1043,1069]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FF244F03FEDF7C1D" bold="true" box="[189,285,1043,1069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Habitat</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF244F52FE6E7C6C" blockId="51.[189,428,1090,1116]" box="[189,428,1090,1116]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Benthic (reef coast).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3413DA50279FF8DFF244F93FBAF7FE9" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF244F93FEED7CAD" blockId="51.[189,303,1155,1181]" box="[189,303,1155,1181]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0ACD9420279FF88FF244F93FEED7CAD" bold="true" box="[189,303,1155,1181]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FF244F93FEED7CAD" bold="true" box="[189,303,1155,1181]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF244FA2FE877DAF" blockId="51.[188,1398,1202,1439]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FF244FA2FE607CFC" author="Woodworth W." box="[189,418,1202,1228]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref33253" refString="Woodworth W. 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " during 1891. IX. Report on the Turbellaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard College 25: 49 - 52. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4179619 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1894">Woodworth (1894)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD0279FF88FDB64FA2FD1F7CFB" authorityName="Woodworth" authorityYear="1894" box="[559,733,1202,1227]" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panamensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FDB64FA2FD1F7CFB" box="[559,733,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. panamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on poorly preserved organism, providing only information on its coloration pattern and a diagram of the anterior region of the body (arrangement of cerebral and tentacular eyes).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FD854FE8FD127D22" author="Faubel A." box="[540,720,1272,1298]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="189 - 259" refId="ref28948" refString="Faubel A. 1984 b. The Polycladida, Turbellaria proposal and establishment of a new system part. II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 81: 189 - 259." type="journal article" year="1984">Faubel (1984b)</bibRefCitation>
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assigned it as a species incertae sedis. However, based on the anterior morphology of the body represented in the diagram of the species and the coloration pattern, it is considered that this species could belong to the superfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD0279FF88FC574E2EFA867D69" authority="Faubel, 1984" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1984" box="[974,1348,1342,1369]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pseudocerotoidea">Pseudocerotoidea Faubel, 1984</taxonomicName>
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, for which reason, the present study recommends the collection of topotypic material and a redescription of the species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF88FF244ED7FE5C7DD3" blockId="51.[189,414,1479,1508]" box="[189,414,1479,1508]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B92FB23C0279FF88FF244ED7FE5C7DD3" bold="true" box="[189,414,1479,1508]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Historical review</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE46E2E0279FF8FFF244EECFC047976" blockId="51.[187,1404,1532,2016]" lastBlockId="52.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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After an exhaustive literature search, 51 works detailing and/or documenting the presence of polyclads in the TEP were reviewed. This analysis spanned a period of 173 years (1851–2024), revealing intermittent study of polyclads over time (
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<figureCitation id="136072AB0279FF88FD894D52FDBB7E6D" box="[528,633,1602,1629]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="52.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="53.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[206,1351,930,1910]" captionTargetBox-1="[202,1311,969,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-165@52.[189,1398,762,1918]" captionTargetId-1="figure-231@53.[189,1398,878,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="52" captionTargetPageId-1="53" captionText-0="Fig. 4. State of knowledge of the polyclads and frequency of described and recorded species by decade in the Tropical Eastern Pacific." captionText-1="Fig. 5. State of knowledge of the polyclads described and recorded in the Tropical Eastern Pacific; species accumulation curve by decade." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947270" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947272" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13947270/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13947272/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
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). Pioneers in this field were
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FC204D52FBB07E6D" author="LeConte L." box="[953,1138,1602,1629]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="316 - 320" refId="ref30381" refString="LeConte L. 1851. Zoological notes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia 5: 316 - 320. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1642992 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1851">LeConte (1851)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FB3F4D52FAB07E6D" author="Schmarda L. K." box="[1190,1394,1602,1629]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref32457" refString="Schmarda L. K. 1859. Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Erster Band (erste Halfte): Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45359791 [accessed 2 Aug, 2023]." type="url" year="1859">Schmarda (1859)</bibRefCitation>
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, who described the first seven species in the Isthmus of
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<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FCC44D76FC787EB0" box="[861,954,1638,1664]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
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(3) and Paita,
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<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FBE94D76FB647EB0" box="[1136,1190,1638,1664]" name="Peru" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(4), respectively.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FF244D98FE587E93" author="Woodworth W." box="[189,410,1672,1699]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="49 - 52" refId="ref33253" refString="Woodworth W. 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " during 1891. IX. Report on the Turbellaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard College 25: 49 - 52. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4179619 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1894">Woodworth (1894)</bibRefCitation>
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contributed two new species and a record in the Gulf of California, the central coast of Oaxaca, and the Isthmus of
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<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FE674DBCFD9D7EF6" box="[510,607,1708,1734]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FDF04DBCFCC27EF6" author="Plehn M." box="[617,768,1708,1734]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="137 - 176" refId="ref31600" refString="Plehn M. 1896. Neue Polycladen gesammelt von Herrn Kapitan Chierchia bei der Erdumschiffung der Korvett Vettor Pisani, von Herrn Prof. Dr. Kukenthal im nordlichem Eismeer und von Herrn Prof. Dr. Semon in Java. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 30: 137 - 176. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11878167 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Plehn (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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continued this legacy with the description of two new species and a record for Paita,
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<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FDB34DC0FDA17EDA" box="[554,611,1744,1770]" name="Peru" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and one in the Galapagos Archipelago, followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FB434DDFFAB37ED9" author="Bock S." box="[1242,1393,1743,1769]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="29 - 344" refId="ref28050" refString="Bock S. 1913. Studien uber Polycladen. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 2: 29 - 344. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 77255 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1913">Bock (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who contributed two new species, one in the Galapagos Archipelago and another in San José,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FA8A4DE3FAB67F3D" box="[1299,1396,1779,1805]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. After a lapse of 12 years,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FE6D4C05FD4B7F00" author="Bock S." box="[500,649,1813,1840]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="48 - 84" refId="ref28148" refString="Bock S. 1925. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XXVII. Planarians, Pt. III. Polyclads living together with pagurids Petrochirus californiensis Boucrez. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fran Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 79: 48 - 84. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 60461980 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1925">Bock (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a species for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FC304C06FBC87F00" box="[937,1034,1814,1840]" name="Panama" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Seventeen years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FAB94C06FED17F63" author="Hyman L. H." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="127 - 152" refId="ref29464" refString="Hyman L. H. 1939 a. Some polyclads of the New England coast, especially of the woods hole region. Biological Bulletin 76 (2): 127 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1537854" type="journal article" year="1939">Hyman (1939a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FE844C28FEAA7F62" author="Hyman L. H." box="[285,360,1848,1874]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref29508" refString="Hyman L. H. 1939 b. Polyclad worms collected on the presidential cruise of 1938. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 98 (17): 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4785" type="journal article" year="1939">1939b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) marked a milestone by initiating the systematic study of polyclads in the TEP, describing two insular species, one on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE0279FF88FE604C4CFD067F46" box="[505,708,1884,1910]" name="Clipperton Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Clipperton Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1) and another in the Galapagos Archipelago (1); her work evolved over time, describing 20 new species and making three additional records between the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FD244CB2FCA57F8D" author="Hyman L. H." box="[701,871,1954,1981]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="265 - 392" refId="ref29610" refString="Hyman L. H. 1953 a. The polyclad flatworm of the Pacific coast of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 100 (2): 265 - 392. Available from http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1028 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1953">Hyman 1953a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FCEA4CB2FC007F8D" author="Hyman L. H." box="[883,962,1954,1981]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="183 - 210" refId="ref29668" refString="Hyman L. H. 1953 b. Some polyclad flatworms from the Galapagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 15 (2): 183 - 210. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4160248 [accessed 2 Aug. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1953">1953b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These pioneering contributions laid the groundwork for subsequent research, such as that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF0279FF88FCCD4CD5FBAB7FD0" author="Cheng L. & Lewin R. A." box="[852,1129,1989,2016]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="518 - 519" refId="ref28397" refString="Cheng L. & Lewin R. A. 1975. Flatworms afloat. Nature 258: 518 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 258518 a 0" type="journal article" year="1975">Cheng & Lewin (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who recorded the first pelagic polyclad in La Paz,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027EFF8FFD8B4A19FD3F7913" box="[530,765,265,291]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027EFF8FFC954A19FCAB7913" box="[780,873,265,291]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027EFF8FFC354A19FAF77914" author="Sopott-Ehlers B. & Schmidt P." box="[940,1333,265,292]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="193 - 222" refId="ref32626" refString="Sopott-Ehlers B. & Schmidt P. 1975. Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos XIV. Polycladida (Turbellaria). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 54: 193 - 222." type="journal article" year="1975">Sopott-Ehlers & Schmidt (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who described eight new worm species for the Galapagos Archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027EFF8FFF244A7EFDD57A08" blockId="52.[188,1399,366,568]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Five years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027EFF8FFE184A7EFDEA79B8" author="Brusca R. C." box="[385,552,366,392]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref28257" refString="Brusca R. C. 1980. Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California. University of Arizona Press, Tucson." type="book" year="1980">Brusca (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expanded the record with the discovery of two new polyclad species in the Gulf of California. In parallel,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027EFF8FFDD74A81FC84799B" author="Pineda-Lopez R. F." box="[590,838,401,427]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref31532" refString="Pineda-Lopez R. F. 1981. Estudio Taxonomico de algunos Turbelarios de las Costas de Mexico. Tesis de Licenciatura en Biologia, UNAM." type="book" year="1981">Pineda-López (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
left his mark by documenting an insular species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027EFF8FFF404AA4FEF679FE" box="[217,308,436,462]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027EFF8FFEA74AA4FE5979FE" box="[318,411,436,462]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This finding marked the beginning of a series of significant discoveries in the region, as Salgado & López (1981),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027EFF8FFD874AC8FC8079C1" author="Marcus E. & Harry H. W." box="[542,834,471,498]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref30835" refString="Marcus E. & Harry H. W. 1982. A polyclad turbellarian from oysters in the gulf of California. Boletim da Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 7: 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3358. bolzoo. 1983.122036" type="journal article" year="1982">Marcus & Harry (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027EFF8FFC1C4AC7FAB479C1" author="Pineda-Lopez R. & Gonzalez-Bulnes L." box="[901,1398,471,497]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref31558" refString="Pineda-Lopez R. & Gonzalez-Bulnes L. 1984. Turbelarios de Mexico II. Descripcion de un genero y especie nuevo de policladidos ectocomensales de arqueogasteropodos del Pacifico mexicano. Universidad y Ciencia 1 (1): 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1984">Pineda-López & González-Bulnes (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
contributed to the description and records of three species on the coasts of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027EFF8FFBBD4AEAFBBD7A24" box="[1060,1151,506,532]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027EFF8FFB134AEAFA837A24" box="[1162,1345,506,532]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027EFF8FFF24490EFED27A08" box="[189,272,542,568]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027EFF8FFE82490EFEBA7A08" box="[283,376,542,568]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027EFF8EFF244970FBB779BC" blockId="52.[189,1399,607,704]" lastBlockId="53.[188,1399,265,397]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Fourteen years passed until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027EFF8FFD9E494FFC397A49" author="Gamboa-Contreras J. A. & Tapia-Garcia M." box="[519,1019,607,633]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="103 - 128" refId="ref29142" refString="Gamboa-Contreras J. A. & Tapia-Garcia M. 1998. Invertebrados bentonicos de la plataforma continental interna. In: Tapia-Garcia M. (ed.) El Golfo de Tehuantepec. El Ecosistema y sus Recursos: 103 - 128. Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, D. F." type="book chapter" year="1998">Gamboa-Contreras & Tapia-García (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded a hitherto undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027EFF8FFEAA4992FE0A7AAC" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[307,456,642,668]" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027EFF8FFEAA4992FE0A7AAC" box="[307,456,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pseudoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Gulf of Tehuantepec,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027EFF8FFC974992FCA97AAC" box="[782,875,642,668]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Another five years later, in 2003, Newman & Cannon surprised the scientific community by documenting two previously unknown species, one belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFE524A19FDF17913" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1902" box="[459,563,265,291]" family="Pericelidae" genus="Pericelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFE524A19FDF17913" box="[459,563,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pericelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFCC24A19FBC57913" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1984" box="[859,1031,265,291]" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFCC24A19FBC57913" box="[859,1031,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pseudobiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the Galapagos Archipelago. The momentum of discoveries continued, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFD7A4A3DFC4F7977" author="Brusca R. C." box="[739,909,300,327]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 429" refId="ref28280" refString="Brusca R. C. 2005. Platyhelminthes & Nemertea. In: Hendricky M. E., Brusca R. C. & Findley L. T. (eds) Listado y Distribucion de la Macrofauna del Golfo de California, Mexico: 1 - 429. Arizona - Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson." type="book chapter" year="2005">Brusca (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expanded his contribution by recording five additional species for the Gulf of California. The discovery of polyclads evolved with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFB7C4A5FFECC79BD" author="Faubel A. & Sluys R. & Reid D. G." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref28986" refString="Faubel A., Sluys R. & Reid D. G. 2007. A new genus and species of polyclad flatworm found in the mantle cavities of gastropod mollusks in the high-intertidal zone of the Pacific coast of Central America. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87: 429 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315407055245" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Faubel
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFAA54A40FAB57959" box="[1340,1399,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who enriched knowledge by describing a new species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027FFF8EFC2C4A62FBCA79BC" box="[949,1032,370,396]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027FFF8EFB8D4A62FBB379BC" box="[1044,1137,370,396]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF243EA6027EFF8FFF244CBBFDE57FD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13947270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13947270/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[206,1351,930,1910]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027EFF8FFF244CBBFDE57FD8" blockId="52.[189,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027EFF8FFF244CBBFEC97FF5" bold="true" box="[189,267,1963,1989]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
State of knowledge of the polyclads and frequency of described and recorded species by decade in the Tropical Eastern Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027FFF8EFF244AA5FAF27A4E" blockId="53.[189,1400,436,638]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
In the last 12 years, a notable advancement in understanding the biodiversity of polyclads has been documented.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFEC74AC7FD7179C1" author="Ramos-Sanchez M. & Bahia J. & Bastida-Zavala J. R." box="[350,691,471,497]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="30 - 58" refId="ref32061" refString="Ramos-Sanchez M., Bahia J. & Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2019. New genus, new species and new records of marine acotyleans flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Acotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific. Zootaxa 4700 (1): 30 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4700.1.2" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Ramos-Sánchez
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFDBD4AC8FDA079C1" box="[548,610,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFD584AC7FD3D79C1" author="Ramos-Sanchez M. & Bahia J. & Bastida-Zavala J. R." box="[705,767,471,497]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="49 - 83" refId="ref32124" refString="Ramos-Sanchez M., Bahia J. & Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2020. Five new species of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific. Zootaxa 4819 (1): 49 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4819.1.3" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFC944AC7FC8E79C1" author="Ramos-Sanchez M. & Carrasco-Rodriguez D. S. & Garcia-Madrigal M. S. & Bastida-Zavala J. R." box="[781,844,471,497]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="301 - 320" refId="ref32181" refString="Ramos-Sanchez M., Carrasco-Rodriguez D. S., Garcia-Madrigal M. S. & Bastida-Zavala J. R. 2021. Marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) found in empty barnacle shells, including a new species, from southern Mexican Pacific. Zootaxa 4965 (2): 301 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / ZOOTAXA. 4965.2.5" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFCFA4AC8FBF379C1" author="Lee J. & Davidson T. M. & Torchin M. E." box="[867,1073,471,498]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref30424" refString="Lee J., Davidson T. M. & Torchin M. E. 2021. Variable host responses mediate host preference in marine flatworm - snail symbioses. PLoS ONE 16 (3): 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0247551" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFC004AC8FC1479C1" box="[921,982,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA13DF027FFF8EFBED4AC7FAB479C1" author="Soutullo P. & Cuadrado D. & Norena C." box="[1140,1398,471,497]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="363 - 381" refId="ref32655" refString="Soutullo P., Cuadrado D. & Norena C. 2021. First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4964 (2): 363 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4964.2.7" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Soutullo
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFB784AC8FADC79C1" box="[1249,1310,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have played a crucial role in this progress by detailing 13 new species and contributing six additional records on the coasts of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027FFF8EFE40490EFDF67A08" box="[473,564,542,568]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027FFF8EFDA6490EFD5E7A08" box="[575,668,542,568]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as in the regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027FFF8EFC7C490EFBA77A08" box="[997,1125,542,568]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027FFF8EFB51490EFAE77A08" box="[1224,1317,542,568]" name="Panama" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
Canal. This body of research has not only significantly expanded our understanding of the presence and variety of polyclads in this region but has also solidified the ongoing importance of research in this field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027FFF8EFF2449B6FCF27AF3" blockId="53.[189,816,678,707]" box="[189,816,678,707]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFF2449B6FCF27AF3" bold="true" box="[189,816,678,707]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Numeralia by countries, states, and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027FFF8DFF2449CBFB927A29" blockId="53.[188,1399,731,828]" lastBlockId="54.[187,1400,265,538]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The polyclad fauna of TEP is composed of 82 species, belonging to two suborders,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFBE249CBFB277AC5" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[1147,1253,731,757]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="53" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Acotylea">Acotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(50 species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFF7749EEFE8B7B28" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[238,329,766,792]" pageId="53" pageNumber="55" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cotylea">Cotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24 species), and eight taxa incertae sedis. These species are distributed across 22 families (17 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFE934831FEB67B0B" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[266,372,801,827]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="53" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Acotylea">Acotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and five of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFD9B4831FD9D7B0B" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[514,607,801,827]" pageId="53" pageNumber="55" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cotylea">Cotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 53 genera (41 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFCF14831FC177B0B" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[872,981,801,827]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="53" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Acotylea">Acotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 10 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027FFF8EFBBF4831FB467B0B" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[1062,1156,801,827]" pageId="53" pageNumber="55" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cotylea">Cotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two genera incertae sedis). Of the 82 species, 65 have valid taxonomic status, eight are catalogued as incertae sedis, six are characterized to genus level, two are undescribed species but are classified as close (confer) to the nominal species, and this study includes the description of a new species for the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFA8E4A5FFAB07959" box="[1303,1394,335,361]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFF264A62FEDE79BC" box="[191,284,370,396]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFEE04A62FE2479BC" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[377,486,370,396]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Acotylea">Acotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the families with the highest species richness are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFBBA4A62FB0979BC" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[1059,1227,370,396]" family="Leptoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Leptoplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nine species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFF224A86FE947980" authorityName="Poche" authorityYear="1926" box="[187,342,406,432]" family="Planoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Planoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFE094A86FD9E7980" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[400,604,406,432]" family="Stylochoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Stylochoplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(seven each), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFCA94A86FC767980" authorityName="Marcus & Marcus" authorityYear="1966" box="[816,948,406,432]" family="Euplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Euplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(six), and the most species-rich genera are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFF704AA9FEAD79E3" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[233,367,441,467]" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Leptoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFF704AA9FEAD79E3" box="[233,367,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Leptoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(five species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFDD64AA9FCC379E3" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1903" box="[591,769,441,467]" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFDD64AA9FCC379E3" box="[591,769,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paraplanocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(four). In the suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFB814AA9FBB479E3" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[1048,1142,441,467]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cotylea">Cotylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the families with the highest species richness are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFD9F4ACCFD1079C6" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[518,722,476,502]" family="Prosthiostomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Prosthiostomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFC904ACCFC0B79C6" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[777,969,476,502]" family="Pseudocerotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Pseudocerotidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(seven species each), while the most species-rich genera are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFE484AEFFDFB7A29" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1902" box="[465,569,511,537]" family="Pericelidae" genus="Pericelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFE484AEFFDFB7A29" box="[465,569,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pericelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFDEB4AEFFCF37A29" authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1845" box="[626,817,511,537]" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFDEB4AEFFCF37A29" box="[626,817,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Prosthiostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(four species each one).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF243EA6027FFF8EFF244CBBFD477FD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13947272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13947272/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[202,1311,969,1919]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027FFF8EFF244CBBFD477FD8" blockId="53.[189,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027FFF8EFF244CBBFECD7FF5" bold="true" box="[189,271,1963,1989]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
State of knowledge of the polyclads described and recorded in the Tropical Eastern Pacific; species accumulation curve by decade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027CFF8DFF244951FAA07AD8" blockId="54.[189,1399,577,744]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Regarding the distribution of these species, 53 of them have their
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFC5E4951FC387A6B" box="[967,1018,577,603]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and single record in the TEP. On the other hand, 21 species exhibit a disjunct distribution, covering two localities, while six have a wide distribution in the region, including three or more localities. It is important to note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFF2449BAFE6B7AF4" box="[189,425,682,708]" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Enchiridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magec">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFF2449BAFE6B7AF4" box="[189,425,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Enchiridium magec</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFE2549BAFD6D7AF4" baseAuthorityName="Mertens" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[444,687,682,708]" family="Planoceridae" genus="Planocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pellucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFE2549BAFD6D7AF4" box="[444,687,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Planocera pellucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFD5A49BAFC3C7AF4" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[707,1022,682,708]" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oligoglena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFD5A49BAFC3C7AF4" box="[707,1022,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paraplanocera oligoglena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFBD849BAFAB47AF4" baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1089,1398,682,708]" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="splendidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFBD849BAFAB47AF4" box="[1089,1398,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pseudobiceros splendidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show an interoceanic and pantropical distribution, which raises doubts about their records in the TEP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027CFF8DFF24481FFE527C73" blockId="54.[188,1401,783,1091]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The species of polyclads recorded from TEP are not distributed homogeneously. The Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFF244822FED57B7C" box="[189,279,818,844]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
hosts 45 species (described and recorded). Within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFCFE4822FC067B7C" box="[871,964,818,844]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFC564822FB707B7C" box="[975,1202,818,844]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
(17 species) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFF254846FED67B40" box="[188,276,854,880]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(16 species) are the states with the highest number of species recorded, followed by
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFABA4846FAB47B40" box="[1315,1398,854,880]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
(14),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFE994869FE7A7BA3" box="[256,440,889,915]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(9),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFE6E4869FD907BA3" box="[503,594,889,915]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFDFB4869FD777BA3" box="[610,693,889,915]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFD604869FC8D7BA3" box="[761,847,889,915]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
(two species each), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFB1B4869FB1F7BA3" box="[1154,1245,889,915]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFB744869FAB07BA3" box="[1261,1394,889,915]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFF68488CFE997B86" box="[241,347,924,950]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
(one species each). After
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFD0C488CFD307B86" box="[661,754,924,950]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFD66488CFCA37B86" box="[767,865,924,950]" name="Ecuador" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the next country in species richness, with 18 species, 17 of which are from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFDD648AFFD097BE9" box="[591,715,959,985]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
Archipelago and one from continental
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFB0748AFFAC27BE9" box="[1182,1280,959,985]" name="Ecuador" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Salinas).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFF2748F2FE827BCC" box="[190,320,994,1020]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFEE548F3FE1B7BCD" box="[380,473,995,1021]" name="Panama" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
each harbor 10 species, recorded from Guanacaste (northwest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFB7548F2FAB27BCC" box="[1260,1392,994,1020]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFEEC4F16FE147C10" box="[373,470,1030,1056]" name="Panama" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFE464F16FDD77C10" box="[479,533,1030,1056]" name="Peru" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
has seven species recorded from Paita, and one species was recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFF254F39FE4E7C73" box="[188,396,1065,1091]" name="Clipperton Island" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Clipperton Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027CFF8DFF244F7BFE647D67" blockId="54.[189,1400,1130,1368]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
In Mexico, 31 species have their
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFDC04F7BFD4E7CB5" box="[601,652,1131,1157]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities distributed across 10 of the 11 states that make up the Mexican Pacific coast. Notably, Oaxaca stands out as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFC3B4F9EFC177C98" box="[930,981,1166,1192]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of 13 of the 16 species of polyclads present in this state. Likewise, the Galapagos Archipelago is a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFBBF4FA1FB9B7CFB" box="[1062,1113,1201,1227]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of 16 of the 18 species distributed in that region.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFDD54FC4FD6B7CDE" box="[588,681,1236,1262]" name="Panama" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
has been designated as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFC404FC4FBCE7CDE" box="[985,1036,1236,1262]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for 8 of the 10 species distributed in the country. Paita,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFDD34FE7FD417D21" box="[586,643,1271,1297]" name="Peru" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, stands out as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFCFC4FE7FC5A7D21" box="[869,920,1271,1297]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of 6 of the 7 recorded species. Finally,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499FA0CC027CFF8DFE874E0AFE6A7D04" box="[286,424,1306,1332]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C2EBE027CFF8DFE2D4E0AFDFA7D04" box="[436,568,1306,1332]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has been identified as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0D08C027CFF8DFCEE4E0BFC687D05" box="[887,938,1307,1333]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for 5 of the 10 species present in that area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136072AB027CFF8DFED64E2DFE557D67" box="[335,407,1341,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[190,233,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,1042,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-271@55.[189,1398,1027,1882]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 6. Historical records of polyclads species distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The number outside the parentheses indicates the total number of described and recorded species, while the number inside the parentheses indicates those with a type locality in the area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13947274/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027CFF8DFF244E6FFD7A7DAC" blockId="54.[189,696,1407,1436]" box="[189,696,1407,1436]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFF244E6FFD7A7DAC" bold="true" box="[189,696,1407,1436]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Numeralia by habitats and bathymetry</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027CFF8DFF244EA4FE617ED8" blockId="54.[189,1401,1460,1768]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The polyclads that inhabit the TEP are distributed in the pelagic zone and in the benthic zone, where they are found under rocks, between coral rock interspaces, or in association with other invertebrates or seaweed. The largest number of species (65) have been recorded in benthic habitats; of these, 57 are free-living species found under rocks or on dead corals; seven species are interstitial, three have been categorized as symbionts (without specifying the symbiotic relationship), two species as commensals, two ectocomensal, and one as epibiont of barnacles, gastropods or seaweed. Additionally, two species are pelagic and two species are considered part of the fouling. Only six species have been recorded occupying two or more environments (benthic or pelagic) or substrates (rock, other invertebrates, or seaweed) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D95B95027CFF8DFEA04DDEFE567ED8" box="[313,404,1742,1768]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="56.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Table 2 (continued on next two pages). Distribution and habitat of the polyclads in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (sensu Hastings 2000; Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004). The symbols indicate the countries of distribution (•), specifying whether the country includes any area with a type locality (+) or if the information is unknown or doubtful (?)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF243EA60272FF83FF244A19FD1479BD" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="DF243EA60272FF83FF244A19FD1479BD">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE46E2E027CFF8DFF244C1FFBAF7FE9" blockId="54.[189,1399,1807,2010]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Bathymetric analysis revealed variability in the vertical distribution of these flatworms. In terms of bathymetry, of the 64 species distributed in the benthos, 13 species have a greater vertical distribution range, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFE1F4C46FD067F40" authorityName=", Hyman" authorityYear="1939" box="[390,708,1878,1904]" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvicelis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFE1F4C46FD067F40" box="[390,708,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Prosthiostomum parvicelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches a depth of 18 meters, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFB154C46FAB57F5F" box="[1164,1399,1878,1904]" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Enchiridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magec">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFB154C46FAB57F5F" box="[1164,1399,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Enchiridium magec</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
20 meters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFED04C69FDD37FA3" box="[329,529,1913,1939]" family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mistus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFED04C69FDD37FA3" box="[329,529,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stylochus mistus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
25 meters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFD334C69FC677FA3" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1953" box="[682,933,1913,1939]" family="Cryptocelidae" genus="Cryptocelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFD334C69FC677FA3" box="[682,933,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cryptocelis insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
36 meters, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFBEC4C69FE997F86" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1953" family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="atentaculatus" subGenus="Stylochus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFBEC4C69FB277FA3" box="[1141,1253,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stylochus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFB654C69FAAE7FA3" box="[1276,1388,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stylochus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFF244C8CFE997F86" box="[189,347,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">atentaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
51 meters. The greatest distribution depths have been recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFB5B4C8CFEEE7FE9" baseAuthorityName="Heath & McGregor" baseAuthorityYear="1912" family="Callioplanidae" genus="Koinostylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="burchami">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFB5B4C8CFEEE7FE9" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Koinostylochus burchami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B15AD027CFF8DFEFC4CAFFD507FE9" baseAuthorityName="Plehn" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[357,658,1983,2009]" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FB23C027CFF8DFEFC4CAFFD507FE9" box="[357,658,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Armatoplana panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, found at 70 and 73 meters respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |