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<document id="A8DD24DC856892FD56E389E2A62110F1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189300" ID-GBIF-Dataset="effa1cd8-60c4-4260-a69f-fe6326aa4c5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189300" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461100735234" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhou, Xin" docDate="2009" docId="57663C01FFBFFF8CFF414168FB5DF97C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02174p017.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2174" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Diplectrona Westwood 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="AB5F4479FFB3FF80FFD64240FFACFFA3" masterDocTitle="The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698591265671" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4D0C7B542B0D5CD530E1C63BE3341C42">The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5BB14A4365CAAE4706F53576BE1B7FE">Zhou, Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C331225424EB8D653B138DB1171B7BDC">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="A0AE56AE85DD7DAE6693E72076DC86E7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="418256BD6766DABFB060A6CC5EF9915A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189300</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="57663C01FFBFFF8CFF414168FB5DF97C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:57663C01FFBFFF8CFF414168FB5DF97C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/57663C01FFBFFF8CFF414168FB5DF97C" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="97D5DE9CFFBFFF8CFF414168FEADFBD7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DF708D17FFBFFF8CFF414168FDE3FCE1" blockId="12.[151,591,808,835]" box="[151,591,808,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="84383A7BFFBFFF8CFF414168FDE3FCE1" bold="true" box="[151,591,808,835]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFF414168FDE3FCE1" bold="true" box="[151,591,808,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFF384169FDE3FCE1" ID-CoL="465Y" authority="Westwood, 1840" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[238,591,808,835]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFF384169FED2FCE0" bold="true" box="[238,382,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB5EF0E6FFBFFF8CFE524168FDE3FCE1" author="Westwood" box="[388,591,808,834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1840) An introduction to the modern classification of insects, founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families. Synopsis of the genera of British insects. Longman, London, 2, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1840">Westwood, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF708D17FFBFFF8CFF414132FEADFBD7" blockId="12.[151,1438,882,1759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFF414132FE88FC28" box="[151,292,882,907]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFF414132FE88FC28" box="[151,292,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFD114132FCDAFC2F" box="[711,886,882,908]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplectroninae">Diplectroninae</taxonomicName>
occurring in
<collectingCountry id="A7D8CD87FFBFFF8CFBC04132FBF0FC2F" box="[1046,1116,882,908]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB5EF0E6FFBFFF8CFBBA4132FA9AFC2F" author="Yang" box="[1132,1334,882,908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" refString="Yang, L., Sun, C., Wang, B., and Morse, J. C. (2005). Present status of Chinese Trichoptera, with an annotated checklist. In Tanda, K. and Rossiter, A. (Eds), Proceedings of the 11 th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Tokai University Press, Kanagawa. pp. 441 - 465." type="book chapter" year="2005">
Yang
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFB654132FB4BFC28" box="[1203,1255,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). A total of six
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFF0941D9FEC0FC11" box="[223,364,921,946]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFF0941D9FEC0FC11" box="[223,364,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are recorded from
<collectingCountry id="A7D8CD87FFBFFF8CFD7341D9FD43FC10" box="[677,751,921,947]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
. No
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFCF241D9FBBAFC11" authority="Diplectorna" authorityName="Diplectorna" box="[804,1046,921,947]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">
Chinese
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFC5F41D9FBBAFC11" box="[905,1046,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectorna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae have been associated with their adults. Because the original species descriptions were overly simplified for most
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFB734180FAA9FC79" box="[1189,1285,960,986]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFADB4180FA30FC7A" box="[1293,1436,960,985]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFADB4180FA30FC7A" box="[1293,1436,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and a significant portion of
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFD9141A6FD04FBA3" box="[583,680,998,1024]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
fauna remains unknown, many individuals used in this larvaladult association work were not identified to named species. However, the male genitalic structures of these morpho-species are distinctive. Thus, the species boundaries among the included
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFB994674FB01FBED" box="[1103,1197,1076,1102]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFB624674FAECFBEE" box="[1204,1344,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFB624674FAECFBEE" box="[1204,1344,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are clear.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97D5DE9CFFBFFF8CFF1046C1FB5DF97C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF708D17FFBFFF8CFF1046C1FD2BFA09" blockId="12.[151,1438,882,1759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
LARVA—
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFEEE46C1FE2EFB39" box="[312,386,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">HEAD.</emphasis>
Genae on ventral side of head touching along mid-ventral ecdysial line. Ventral apotome divided into anterior and posterior parts, posterior ventral apotome at least half as long as mid-ventral ecdysial line. Frontoclypeal apotome greatly constricted opposite eyes and strongly expanded after eyes. Foretrochantins not forked (in all
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFDE946B5FD0EFAAC" box="[575,674,1269,1295]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFD7D46B5FC93FAAD" box="[683,831,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFD7D46B5FC93FAAD" box="[683,831,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species examined so far). Prosternal plate large, posterior prosternal sclerites absent. In dorsal view, pronotum slightly constricted at posterior end. Meso- and metanota each with transverse ecdysial lines. Lateral (pleural) gills on abdominal segments simple, fingerlike. Abdominal terga and pleura densely covered by hair-like setae and elongated club-hairs. Abdominal segment VII without ventral tracheal gills.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF708D17FFBFFF8CFF1347F7FB5DF97C" blockId="12.[151,1438,882,1759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFF1347F7FDB3FA73" box="[197,543,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LARVAL-ADULT ASSOCIATION.</emphasis>
In this work, 44 individuals of
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFC7E47F7FB97FA73" box="[936,1083,1463,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFC7E47F7FB97FA73" box="[936,1083,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, representing 22 provisional species (HPGP 13–34,
<figureCitation id="47F49192FFBFFF8CFE64479DFE55FA54" box="[434,505,1501,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 a – b" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[197,1394,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[186,1402,197,1738]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1 a – b. Larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona — 1 a. COI neighborjoining phylogram; 1 b. D 2 neighbor-joining phylogram. Specimens are labeled with taxonomy, followed by sample ID (corresponding to Table 1) and province location. Specimens of immature life stage are noted at the end (pp: pharate pupa; lv: larva). COI tree is constructed in the BOLD system using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. D 2 tree is constructed in PAUP * 4.0 b 10 using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. Numbers on the internodes represent the bootstrap values using Neighbor-joining / 1000 replicates. Species boundaries recognized in morphology and two DNA sequences are marked in brackets on the right of each DNA tree and noted as haplogroups (HPGP) 1 - 34 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189301/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), were extracted for DNA amplifications (
<tableCitation id="924DB8ACFFBFFF8CFBD4479DFBF3FA54" box="[1026,1119,1501,1527]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,242,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 1. Specimens used in larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona, with GenBank accession numbers for D 2 and COI. SampleID codes are in alphabetic order and are corresponding to those in Fig. 1 and in BOLD project." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="47F49192FFBFFF8CFB4A479DFB4EFA54" box="[1180,1250,1501,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 a – b" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[197,1394,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[186,1402,197,1738]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1 a – b. Larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona — 1 a. COI neighborjoining phylogram; 1 b. D 2 neighbor-joining phylogram. Specimens are labeled with taxonomy, followed by sample ID (corresponding to Table 1) and province location. Specimens of immature life stage are noted at the end (pp: pharate pupa; lv: larva). COI tree is constructed in the BOLD system using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. D 2 tree is constructed in PAUP * 4.0 b 10 using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. Numbers on the internodes represent the bootstrap values using Neighbor-joining / 1000 replicates. Species boundaries recognized in morphology and two DNA sequences are marked in brackets on the right of each DNA tree and noted as haplogroups (HPGP) 1 - 34 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189301/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). One possible association was made for
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFE114444FCF9F9BD" authority="Ulmer, 1930" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1930" box="[455,853,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFE114444FD15F9BE" box="[455,697,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diplectrona obscura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB5EF0E6FFBFFF8CFD174444FCF9F9BD" author="Ulmer" box="[705,853,1540,1566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" refString="Ulmer, G. (1930) Trichopteren von den Phillipinen und von den Sunda-Inseln. Treubia, 11, 373 - 498." type="journal article" year="1930">Ulmer, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(represented by individuals CNCAD_0109, 0 110 and 0
<quantity id="183720F2FFBFFF8CFF0E446AFE88F9E7" box="[216,292,1578,1604]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4958" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="177.0">177 in</quantity>
<tableCitation id="924DB8ACFFBFFF8CFEFA446AFE28F9E7" box="[300,388,1578,1604]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,242,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 1. Specimens used in larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona, with GenBank accession numbers for D 2 and COI. SampleID codes are in alphabetic order and are corresponding to those in Fig. 1 and in BOLD project." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="47F49192FFBFFF8CFE68446AFDAFF9E7" box="[446,515,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 a – b" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[197,1394,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[186,1402,197,1738]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1 a – b. Larval-adult association of Chinese Arctopsyche, Parapsyche, and Diplectrona — 1 a. COI neighborjoining phylogram; 1 b. D 2 neighbor-joining phylogram. Specimens are labeled with taxonomy, followed by sample ID (corresponding to Table 1) and province location. Specimens of immature life stage are noted at the end (pp: pharate pupa; lv: larva). COI tree is constructed in the BOLD system using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. D 2 tree is constructed in PAUP * 4.0 b 10 using Neighbor-joining and K- 2 - P parameter. Numbers on the internodes represent the bootstrap values using Neighbor-joining / 1000 replicates. Species boundaries recognized in morphology and two DNA sequences are marked in brackets on the right of each DNA tree and noted as haplogroups (HPGP) 1 - 34 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189301/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The D2 sequence of the larval specimen (CNCAD_0177) is identical to the two adult
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFEC64411FE39F9C9" box="[272,405,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFEC64411FE89F9C9" box="[272,293,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFEE34411FE39F9C9" box="[309,405,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0109 and 0110), while its COI is only 0.8% different from the latter two specimens. Although this larval form is very likely the larva of
<taxonomicName id="18CFF694FFBFFF8CFD394438FCDCF932" box="[751,880,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Diplectrona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFD394438FCA8F932" box="[751,772,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EDBB5105FFBFFF8CFCC44438FCDCF932" box="[786,880,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, additional materials are needed to confirm this association. The two specimens representing HPGP 31 and 32 share identical D2 sequence but are distinctively separated in COI tree. This is likely due to the relatively slow evolving rate in D2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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