The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part I: Arctopsyche shimianensis, Parapsyche sp. A, and Diplectrona obscura Author Zhou, Xin text Zootaxa 2009 2174 1 17 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.189300 effa1cd8-60c4-4260-a69f-fe6326aa4c5d 1175-5326 189300 Genus Diplectrona Westwood, 1840 Diplectrona is the only genus of the subfamily Diplectroninae occurring in China ( Yang et al . 2005 ). A total of six Diplectrona species are recorded from China . No Chinese Diplectorna larvae have been associated with their adults. Because the original species descriptions were overly simplified for most Chinese Diplectrona species and a significant portion of Chinese fauna remains unknown, many individuals used in this larvaladult association work were not identified to named species. However, the male genitalic structures of these morpho-species are distinctive. Thus, the species boundaries among the included Chinese Diplectrona species are clear. LARVA— HEAD. Genae on ventral side of head touching along mid-ventral ecdysial line. Ventral apotome divided into anterior and posterior parts, posterior ventral apotome at least half as long as mid-ventral ecdysial line. Frontoclypeal apotome greatly constricted opposite eyes and strongly expanded after eyes. Foretrochantins not forked (in all Chinese Diplectrona species examined so far). Prosternal plate large, posterior prosternal sclerites absent. In dorsal view, pronotum slightly constricted at posterior end. Meso- and metanota each with transverse ecdysial lines. Lateral (pleural) gills on abdominal segments simple, fingerlike. Abdominal terga and pleura densely covered by hair-like setae and elongated club-hairs. Abdominal segment VII without ventral tracheal gills. LARVAL-ADULT ASSOCIATION. In this work, 44 individuals of Diplectrona , representing 22 provisional species (HPGP 13–34, Fig. 1 ), were extracted for DNA amplifications ( Table 1 and Fig. 1 ). One possible association was made for Diplectrona obscura Ulmer, 1930 (represented by individuals CNCAD_0109, 0 110 and 0 177 in Table 1 and Fig. 1 ). The D2 sequence of the larval specimen (CNCAD_0177) is identical to the two adult D . obscura (0109 and 0110), while its COI is only 0.8% different from the latter two specimens. Although this larval form is very likely the larva of D . obscura , additional materials are needed to confirm this association. The two specimens representing HPGP 31 and 32 share identical D2 sequence but are distinctively separated in COI tree. This is likely due to the relatively slow evolving rate in D2.