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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1098-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" ID-ZooBank="B4F4033F296E43CCBE54B9413BC19268" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1098-1" checkinTime="1651618226429" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rakotonirina, Jean Claude &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2022" docId="B744AF4794B95F838B3495C2D20DF665" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1098: 1-180" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1098" docPubDate="2022-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223" docTitle="Camponotus hovahovoides Forel 2022, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1651618226429" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rakotonirina, Jean Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Madagascar Biodiversity Center, BP 6257, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar &amp; Departement d'Entomologie-Culture, Elevage, Sante; Faculte des Sciences, BP 906, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jcrakoto25@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-05-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1098</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>180</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1098-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B4F4033F296E43CCBE54B9413BC19268</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B744AF4794B95F838B3495C2D20DF665" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B744AF4794B95F838B3495C2D20DF665" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="B744AF47-94B9-5F83-8B34-95C2D20DF665" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hovahovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hovahovoides" status="stat. rev.">Camponotus hovahovoides Forel</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Head in full-face view A C. mahafaly (CASENT 0115287) B C. hovahovoides (CASENT 0487242)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678079" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 20B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Mesosoma and petiolar node in lateral view A C. cemeryi (CASENT 0217306) B C. hovahovoides (CASENT 0496908)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678080" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 21B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Mesosoma in lateral view A C. hovahovoides (CASENT 0496908) B C. mixtellus (CASENT 0132606)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 22A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Camponotus hovahovoides A, C head in full-face view B, D lateral view E, F dorsal view of minor workers CASENT 0496908 and CASENT 0487242 G distribution map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678118" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 59</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hovahovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hovahovoides" status="stat. rev.">Camponotus hovahovoides</taxonomicName>
Forel, 1892: 232. Syntype minor and major workers, queen and male, Madagascar, Andrangoloaka (Sikora) (MHNG) [examined]; 1 syntype minor worker designated as lectotype, by present designation, AntWeb CASENT0101335. Paralectotypes with same data as lectotype but: 1 major worker CASENT0101851 (MHNG), 1 queen CASENT0101629 (MHNG), 1 male CASENT0101759 (MHNG) [examined]. [As subspecies of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hova" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hova" status="stat. rev.">Camponotus hova</taxonomicName>
Dalla Torre, 1893: 235]. Combination in
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="stat. rev." subGenus="Tanaemyrmex">Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex)</taxonomicName>
: Emery, 1925: 85. Stat. rev.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus radamae subsp. var. var. hovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="radamae" status="stat. rev." subSpecies="var." variety="hovoides">Camponotus radamae var. hovoides</taxonomicName>
Dalla Torre, 1893: 249. Syntype minor and major workers, queen and male, Madagascar; 1 syntype minor worker designated as lectotype, by present designation, Antananarivo (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camboué">Camboue</normalizedToken>
) AntWeb CASENT0101421 (MNHN) [examined]. Paralectotypes: 2 minor workers CASENT0101429 (MNHN), CASENT0101337 (MHNG); 1 queen CASENT0101412 (MNHN); Madagascar (Hildebrandt) 1 major worker CASENT0101954 (MHNG) and 1 male CASENT0101782 (MHNG) [examined]. [First available use of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus maculatus subsp. radamae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" status="stat. rev." subSpecies="radamae">Camponotus maculatus radamae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hovoides" status="stat. rev.">Camponotus hovoides</taxonomicName>
Forel, 1891: 33; unavailable name]. Combination in
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="stat. rev." subGenus="Tanaemyrmex">Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex)</taxonomicName>
: Emery, 1925: 85. Syn. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
41° NE Andranomay,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" unit="km" value="11.5">11.5 km</quantity>
147° SSE Anjozorobe, -18.47333, 47.96,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); Analamanga Region, District of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="km" value="46.0">46 km</quantity>
NE of Ankazobe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.198" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-18.198">-18.198</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.2815" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="47.2815">47.2815</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.01" unit="m" value="701.0">701 m</quantity>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
sclerophylle (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rin’Ha">Rin'Ha</normalizedToken>
, Mike) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de galerie, Andranorovitra, 24.0 km NNE Ankazobe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.11243" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.11243">-18.11243</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.19757" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.19757">47.19757</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.491" unit="m" value="1491.0">1491 m</quantity>
, disturbed gallery montane forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de galerie, Telomirahavavy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" unit="km" value="23.4">23.4 km</quantity>
NNE Ankazobe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.12167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.12167">-18.12167</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.20627" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.20627">47.20627</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" unit="m" value="1520.0">1520 m</quantity>
, disturbed gallery montane forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Mandraka,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.91813" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.91813">-18.91813</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.91717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.91717">47.91717</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3119999999999998" unit="m" value="1312.0">1312 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
Analamanga, SF Mandraka,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.9183" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.9183">-18.9183</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.91687" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.91687">47.91687</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.285" unit="m" value="1285.0">1285 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Naturelle Sohisika, Sohisika
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" unit="km" value="24.6">24.6 km</quantity>
NNE Ankazobe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.10322" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.10322">-18.10322</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.18692" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.18692">47.18692</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.464" unit="m" value="1464.0">1464 m</quantity>
, gallery montane forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Ambohitantely,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.22444" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.22444">-18.22444</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.2774" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="47.2774">47.2774</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" unit="m" value="1490.0">1490 m</quantity>
, montane forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Ambohitantely,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.18762" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.18762">-18.18762</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.28576" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.28576">47.28576</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" unit="m" value="1580.0">1580 m</quantity>
, montane forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Ambohitantely,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
d Ambohitantely,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="km" value="20.9">20.9 km</quantity>
72° NE d Ankazobe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.22528" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.22528">-18.22528</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.28683" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.28683">47.28683</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" unit="m" value="1410.0">1410 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); RS Ambohitantely,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
d Ambohitantely, Jardin Botanique,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" unit="km" value="24.1">24.1 km</quantity>
59° NE d Ankazobe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.17139" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.17139">-18.17139</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.28182" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.28182">47.28182</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" unit="m" value="1620.0">1620 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); SF Angavokely,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.92207" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.92207">-18.92207</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.74157" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.74157">47.74157</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: PN Montagne
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="12.51389" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.51389">-12.51389</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.17784" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.17784">49.17784</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.84" unit="m" value="984.0">984 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, -14.75, 49.45,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.585" unit="m" value="1585.0">1585 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, -14.75, 49.45,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.565" unit="m" value="1565.0">1565 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, -14.75, 49.45,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, -14.75, 49.45,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.565" unit="m" value="1565.0">1565 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="km" value="9.2">9.2 km</quantity>
WSW Befingotra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, -14.75, 49.46667,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="km" value="9.2">9.2 km</quantity>
WSW Befingotra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Anjanaharibe-Sud, -14.75, 49.46667,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ampondrabe">d'Ampondrabe</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" unit="km" value="26.3">26.3 km</quantity>
10° NNE Daraina, -12.97, 49.7,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
, tropical dry forest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Binara,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" unit="km" value="9.1">9.1 km</quantity>
233° SW Daraina,
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.26333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.26333">-13.26333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.60333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.60333">49.60333</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Binara,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" unit="km" value="9.4">9.4 km</quantity>
235° SW Daraina, -13.26333, 49.6,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); PN Marojejy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="km" value="25.4">25.4 km</quantity>
30° NNE Andapa,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" unit="km" value="10.9">10.9 km</quantity>
311° NW Manantenina,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.445" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-14.445">-14.445</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.735" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.735">49.735</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, montane shrubland (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); PN Marojejy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" unit="km" value="25.7">25.7 km</quantity>
32° NNE Andapa,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="km" value="10.3">10.3 km</quantity>
314° NW Manantenina,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.445" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-14.445">-14.445</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.74167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.74167">49.74167</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" unit="m" value="1575.0">1575 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); PN Marojejy, Antranohofa,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" unit="km" value="26.6">26.6 km</quantity>
31° NNE Andapa,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" unit="km" value="10.7">10.7 km</quantity>
318° NW Manantenina,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.44333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.44333">-14.44333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.74333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.74333">49.74333</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" unit="m" value="1325.0">1325 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); RS Manongarivo
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" unit="km" value="17.3">17.3 km</quantity>
218° SW Antanambao,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.02167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.02167">-14.02167</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.41833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.41833">48.41833</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.58" unit="m" value="1590.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1580.0">1580-1600 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); RS Manongarivo,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" unit="km" value="20.4">20.4 km</quantity>
219° SW Antanambao,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.04667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.04667">-14.04667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.40167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.40167">48.40167</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" unit="m" value="1860.0">1860 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); PN Marojejy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" unit="km" value="10.5">10.5 km</quantity>
NW Manantenina, -14.43333, 49.75,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" unit="m" value="1625.0">1625 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (E.L. Quinter) (CAS); PN Marojejy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
NW Manantenina, -14.45, 49.73333,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" unit="m" value="1875.0">1875 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (E.L. Quinter) (CAS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.775" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-20.775">-20.775</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.16833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.16833">47.16833</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" unit="m" value="1670.0">1670 m</quantity>
, disturbed montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.77667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.77667">-20.77667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.165" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="47.165">47.165</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
, disturbed montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); 28,5 km SW Ambositra,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.78414" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.78414">-20.78414</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.16699" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.16699">47.16699</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780 m</quantity>
, disturbed montane rainforest along road side (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS);
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
S Ambalavao,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.21667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.21667">-22.21667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.01667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.01667">47.01667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" unit="m" value="785.0">785 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
S Ambalavao, PN Andringitra, -22.2, 46.96667,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS);
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
S Ambalavao, PN Andringitra,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.21667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.21667">-22.21667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.96667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.96667">46.96667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2375" metricValueMax="1.275" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="m" value="1237.5" valueMax="1275.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200-1275 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CAS); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.42167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.42167">-22.42167</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.89833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.89833">46.89833</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher, Sylvain) (CAS); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.42667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.42667">-22.42667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.93833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.93833">46.93833</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher, Sylvain) (CAS); RS Ivohibe,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
ESE Ivohibe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.49667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.49667">-22.49667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.955" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.955">46.955</geoCoordinate>
, 1575 m, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher, Sylvain) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amoron’i">Amoron'i</normalizedToken>
Mania Region, District of Ambositra, Italaviana
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uapaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
SE of Antsirabe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.17333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.17333">-20.17333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.086" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="47.086">47.086</geoCoordinate>
, 1359 m,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uapaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rin’Ha">Rin'Ha</normalizedToken>
, Mike) (CAS); Antohatsahomby II Non Protected Area,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.338" unit="km" value="23.38">23.38 km</quantity>
NW Itremo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.55444" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.55444">-20.55444</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.58438" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.58438">46.58438</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uapaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland (A. Ravelomanana) (CAS); Belle Vue trail, PN Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.2665" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-21.2665">-21.2665</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.42017" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.42017">47.42017</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</quantity>
, mixed tropical forest (R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
) (CAS); Vatovavy Fitovinany Region, District of Ifanadiana,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
W of Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.25083" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.25083">-21.25083</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.40717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.40717">47.40717</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.127" unit="m" value="1127.0">1127 m</quantity>
, forest edge, open area (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rin’Ha">Rin'Ha</normalizedToken>
, Mike) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Atsirakambiaty">d'Atsirakambiaty</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" unit="km" value="7.6">7.6 km</quantity>
285 °WNW Itremo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.59333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.59333">-20.59333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.56333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.56333">46.56333</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); JIRAMA water works near river, PN Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.2485" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-21.2485">-21.2485</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.45217" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.45217">47.45217</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" unit="m" value="690.0">690 m</quantity>
, open area near stream (R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
) (CAS); Mampiarika IV Non Protected Area,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.798" unit="km" value="27.98">27.98 km</quantity>
SW Ambositra,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.73528" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.73528">-20.73528</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.08382" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.08382">47.08382</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.486" unit="m" value="1486.0">1486 m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uapaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland (A. Ravelomanana) (CAS); Miandritsara Forest,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
S of Ambositra,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.79267" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.79267">-20.79267</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.17567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.17567">47.17567</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.22" unit="m" value="822.0">822 m</quantity>
, Low altitude rainforest (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rin’Ha">Rin'Ha</normalizedToken>
, Mike) (CAS); PN Andringitra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
Ravaro
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" unit="km" value="12.5">12.5 km</quantity>
SW Antanifotsy,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.21167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.21167">-22.21167</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.845" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.845">46.845</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="m" value="1650.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500-1800 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest, (S. Razafimandimby) (CAS); PN Befotaka-Midongy, Papango
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" unit="km" value="27.7">27.7 km</quantity>
S Midongy-Sud, Mount Papango,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.83517" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.83517">-23.83517</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.96367" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.96367">46.96367</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); PN Befotaka-Midongy, Papango
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" unit="km" value="28.5">28.5 km</quantity>
S Midongy-Sud, Mount Papango,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.84083" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.84083">-23.84083</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.9575" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.9575">46.9575</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); PN Ranomafana, Sahamalaotra River,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="km" value="6.6">6.6 km</quantity>
310° NW Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.23667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.23667">-21.23667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.39667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.39667">47.39667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); PN Ranomafana, Sahamalaotra River,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="km" value="6.6">6.6 km</quantity>
310° NW Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.23667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.23667">-21.23667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.39667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.39667">47.39667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); PN Ranomafana, Sahamalaotra River,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="km" value="6.6">6.6 km</quantity>
310° NW Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.23667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.23667">-21.23667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.39667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.39667">47.39667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); PN Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="km" value="4.1">4.1 km</quantity>
231° SW Ranomafana, -21.29, 47.43333,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); PN Isalo,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" unit="km" value="9.1">9.1 km</quantity>
354° N Ranohira,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.48167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.48167">-22.48167</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.46167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="45.46167">45.46167</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</quantity>
, gallery forest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); Parc naturel communautaire, radio tower, PN Ranomafana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.25833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.25833">-21.25833</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.40717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.40717">47.40717</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" unit="m" value="1130.0">1130 m</quantity>
, forest edge, mixed tropical forest, open area (M. Irwin, R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
) (CAS); RS Manombo
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="km" value="24.5">24.5 km</quantity>
228° Farafangana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.01583" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.01583">-23.01583</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.719" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="47.719">47.719</geoCoordinate>
, 30 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Vohiparara broken bridge,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.22617" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.22617">-21.22617</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.36983" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.36983">47.36983</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" unit="m" value="1110.0">1110 m</quantity>
, high altitude rainforest (R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
) (CAS); Col des Tapias,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.26667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.26667">-20.26667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.11667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.11667">47.11667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uapaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland (CAS); PN Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="km" value="4.1">4.1 km</quantity>
231° SW Ranomafana, -21.29, 47.43333,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Region Sofia, Bemanevika,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.32826" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.32826">-14.32826</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58406" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58406">48.58406</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.657" unit="m" value="1657.0">1657 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Region Sofia, Bemanevika,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.337" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-14.337">-14.337</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58874" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58874">48.58874</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6059999999999999" unit="m" value="1606.0">1606 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Ambatovy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" unit="km" value="12.4">12.4 km</quantity>
NE Moramanga,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.83937" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.83937">-18.83937</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.30842" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.30842">48.30842</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Analamay,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.80623" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.80623">-18.80623</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.33707" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.33707">48.33707</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.068" unit="m" value="1068.0">1068 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Malagasy ant team) (CAS); Ankerana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.40636" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.40636">-18.40636</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.80254" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.80254">48.80254</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.108" unit="m" value="1108.0">1108 m</quantity>
, montane forest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Ankerana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.4104" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.4104">-18.4104</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.8189" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="48.8189">48.8189</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" unit="m" value="855.0">855 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.80424" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.80424">-18.80424</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.40081" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.40081">48.40081</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.68" unit="m" value="968.0">968 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.80398" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.80398">-18.80398</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.40358" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.40358">48.40358</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.064" unit="m" value="1064.0">1064 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.80398" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.80398">-18.80398</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.40358" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.40358">48.40358</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.064" unit="m" value="1064.0">1064 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.80388" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.80388">-18.80388</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.40506" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.40506">48.40506</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.013" unit="m" value="1013.0">1013 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.77908" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.77908">-18.77908</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.36628" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.36628">48.36628</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" unit="m" value="1014.0">1014 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.76087" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.76087">-18.76087</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.37128" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.37128">48.37128</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.044" unit="m" value="1044.0">1044 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.75641" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.75641">-18.75641</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.42195" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.42195">48.42195</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.036" unit="m" value="1036.0">1036 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); District of Moramanga,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
E of Moramanga; PN Andasibe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.93767" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.93767">-18.93767</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.41167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.41167">48.41167</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.22" unit="m" value="822.0">822 m</quantity>
, rainforest (Mike,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rin’ha">Rin'ha</normalizedToken>
) (CAS);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
Ambatovy,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" unit="km" value="14.3">14.3 km</quantity>
57° Moramanga, -18.85083, 48.32,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" unit="m" value="1075.0">1075 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Malagasy ant team) (CAS); Montagne
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Akirindro">d'Akirindro</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" unit="km" value="7.6">7.6 km</quantity>
341° NNW Ambinanitelo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.28833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.28833">-15.28833</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.54833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.54833">49.54833</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
, rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); Montagne
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" unit="km" value="19.5">19.5 km</quantity>
27° NNE Ambinanitelo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.17833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.17833">-15.17833</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.635" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.635">49.635</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); PN Andasibe-Mantadia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Mantadia,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" unit="km" value="25.7">25.7 km</quantity>
248° Moramanga,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.81402" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.81402">-18.81402</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.43028" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.43028">48.43028</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" unit="m" value="1040.0">1040 m</quantity>
, rainforest (F.N. Raharimalala, B. Blaimer) (CAS); PN Zahamena,
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.73359" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.73359">-17.73359</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.72625" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.72625">48.72625</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); PN Zahamena, Tetezambatana forest, near junction of Nosivola and Manakambahiny Rivers,
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.74298" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.74298">-17.74298</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.72936" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.72936">48.72936</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" unit="m" value="860.0">860 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Parcelle E3 Tampolo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.28104" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.28104">-17.28104</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.43012" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.43012">49.43012</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, littoral forest (Malagasy ant team) (CAS); SF Analamazaotra, Analamazaotra
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
S Andasibe,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.38466" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.38466">-18.38466</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.41271" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.41271">48.41271</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); Torotorofotsy,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.87082" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.87082">-18.87082</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.34737" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.34737">48.34737</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" unit="m" value="1070.0">1070 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest, marsh edge (Malagasy ant team) (CAS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
SSW Eminiminy, Res. Andohahela, -24.73333, 46.8,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</quantity>
, rainforest (P.S. Ward) (CAS); Anosy Region, Anosyenne Mts,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" unit="km" value="31.2">31.2 km</quantity>
NW Manantenina,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.13632" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.13632">-24.13632</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.05485" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.05485">47.05485</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.315" unit="m" value="1315.0">1315 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) (CAS); Anosy Region, Anosyenne Mts,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" unit="km" value="31.2">31.2 km</quantity>
NW Manantenina,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.13894" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.13894">-24.13894</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.06804" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.06804">47.06804</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" unit="m" value="1125.0">1125 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher, F.A. Esteves et al.) (CAS); FC Analavelona,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" unit="km" value="29.2">29.2 km</quantity>
343° NNW Mahaboboka, -22.675, 44.19,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); FC Analavelona,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" unit="km" value="33.2">33.2 km</quantity>
344° NNW Mahaboboka,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.64333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.64333">-22.64333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.17167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="44.17167">44.17167</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); PN Andohahela, Manangotry,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" unit="km" value="33.8">33.8 km</quantity>
NW Tolagnaro,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.75117" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.75117">-24.75117</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.85783" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.85783">46.85783</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" unit="m" value="575.0">575 m</quantity>
, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); PN Andohahela, Col du Sedro,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="km" value="3.8">3.8 km</quantity>
113° ESE Mahamavo,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.76" unit="km" value="37.6">37.6 km</quantity>
341° NNW Tolagnaro,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.76389" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.76389">-24.76389</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.75167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.75167">46.75167</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CAS); RS Ambohijanahary,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankazotsihitafototra">d'Ankazotsihitafototra</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" unit="km" value="35.2">35.2 km</quantity>
312° NW Ambaravaranala,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.26667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.26667">-18.26667</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.40667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="45.40667">45.40667</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CAS); RS Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.4502" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4502">-23.4502</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.45658" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.45658">46.45658</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" unit="m" value="1325.0">1325 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Kalambatritra, Ampanihy,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.4635" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4635">-23.4635</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.4631" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4631">46.4631</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Kalambatritra, Ampanihy,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.463" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-23.463">-23.463</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.47057" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.47057">46.47057</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.269" unit="m" value="1269.0">1269 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Kalambatritra, Befarara,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.4178" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4178">-23.4178</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.4478" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4478">46.4478</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" unit="m" value="1390.0">1390 m</quantity>
, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS); RS Kalambatritra, Betanana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.4144" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4144">-23.4144</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.459" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.459">46.459</geoCoordinate>
, 1360 m, montane rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Lateral cephalic margins approximately parallel in full-face view; two apical teeth of mandible normally spaced; antennal scape covered with suberect hairs; in lateral view, dorsum of mesosoma from mid-mesonotum to posterodorsal corner of propodeum approximately straight, propodeal dorsum ca. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the height of declivity surface; petiolar node flattened anteroposteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor worker.</emphasis>
Head sides anterior to level of eye parallel; lateral margins posterior to level of eye converging progressively to posterior margin; length of posterior portion of head behind eye level 1/3 length of head (PoOc/CL: 0.28
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.25-0.31). Eyes protruding and large (EL/CS: 0.30
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.27-0.34), breaking lateral cephalic margin. Frontal carinae strongly diverging posteriorly (FR/CS: 0.30
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.28-0.33); clypeus projecting into anterolateral angle and medially with blunt angle or convex. Two apical teeth of mandible distantly spaced. Antennal scape relatively long (SL/CS: 1.54
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.08; 1.43-1.75) with erect to suberect hairs inclined to 45°. Promesonotum weakly convex and mesopropodeum almost flat, metanotal groove weakly visible, propodeal dorsum anteriorly convex and posteriorly flat, joining the declivity in a blunt angle, propodeal declivity height 1/2 dorsum length. Petiolar node flattened anteroposteriorly or short and high, its dorsal margin rounding to anterior margin. Tibia of hind leg rounded and not twisted dorsoventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">First and second gastral tergites without a pair of white spots. Lateral margin of head covered with erect hairs; posterior margin of head with two or three pairs of erect hairs; posterodorsal angle of propodeum with one or two pairs of erect hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major worker.</emphasis>
Characteristics the same as minor worker, except the enlarged head (CS: 2.66
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.20; 2.40-3.07; CWb/CL: 0.77
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02; 0.72-0.80); the more strongly built mandible; apical 1/5 of antennal scape surpassing posterior cephalic margin; metanotum visible; propodeal dorsum convex and its junction to declivity broadly angulate; petiolar node much higher than long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A widely distributed species,
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. hovahovoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs mainly in the eastern lowland to montane rainforests and montane shrublands of Madagascar (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Camponotus hovahovoides A, C head in full-face view B, D lateral view E, F dorsal view of minor workers CASENT 0496908 and CASENT 0487242 G distribution map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678118" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">59G</figureCitation>
). Colonies can be found mostly in rotten logs and sticks or in rotting tree stumps; they are seldom established in dead branches or twigs above the ground. Workers forage on the ground or through leaf litter, rarely on lower parts of vegetation.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678118" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hovahovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
head in full-face view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
dorsal view of minor workers CASENT0496908 and CASENT0487242
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
distribution map.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
See also discussion under
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. mixtellus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mixtellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mixtellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hovahovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more common species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmosaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmosaga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmosaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupying the montane rainforests of Madagascar and shows notable morphological variation. Two variants are recognized based on the shapes of the mesosoma and body colors, but these merge progressively into one typical form across the geographic distribution of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variant 1.</emphasis>
In this variant the posterior 1/2 of mesonotum to posterodorsal corner of propodeum is not straight in lateral view and the body is pale yellow to reddish orange in color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variant 2.</emphasis>
This variant is known by a dorsum of mesosoma from mid-mesonotum to posterodorsal corner of propodeum that is approximately straight, and its body is dark brown to black in color or the mesosoma is lighter in color relative to the darker head and gaster. Workers of this variant have been collected from mountaintops.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus hovahovoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide distribution across the humid forest in Madagascar, this information combined with the results of the comparison of the syntype specimens of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. radamae subsp. var. var. hovoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="radamae" subSpecies="var." variety="hovoides">C. radamae var. hovoides</taxonomicName>
with those of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. hovahovoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicate that there is no strong morphological difference between both taxa. The few specimens of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. radamae subsp. var. var. hovoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="radamae" subSpecies="var." variety="hovoides">C. radamae var. hovoides</taxonomicName>
represent a rare variation of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. hovahovoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across its geographic distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The NC-Clustering technique was used to reveal the two variants and demonstrates that the quantitative morphological characters did not identify the difference between both variants. The members of each variant are scattered along the cluster of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. hovahovoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hovahovoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. hovahovoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More robust molecular phylogenetic information is needed to determine whether the variants constitute separate species and to study the ecological and evolutionary forces underlying these morphological variations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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