315 lines
40 KiB
XML
315 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="FBD5605BEBEF994075F003E8A3BC3CBD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3619.1.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220769" ID-ZooBank="95DE82C1-D18A-446E-A369-1C289A784651" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1460577227977" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M." docDate="2013" docId="03A087CCD552FFB21F89FD16FC1DFA4F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03619p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3619 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scaphodius Chapuis 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FF99FFB4D556FFB71F1EFB21FFB4FF8F" masterDocTitle="Chrysomelid males with enlarged mandibles: three new species and a review of occurrence in the family (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1730464408062" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="EBE13C9DA4E4C0B0F0781FC2D8045551">Chrysomelid males with enlarged mandibles: three new species and a review of occurrence in the family (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="31C78659ABD9B9E23C34B2C00824F025">Reid, C. A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5CEBB8F0E7CD2F568493A07C2959F9F">Beatson, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CD4B5BFE9656E6FF804339D4AE9A3BA5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5C761123301EC8086BED30ACE2E47CB6">
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<mods:date id="927357C1F096501C148C19FBFE4886EA">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F5D0001042250514D47B9FBB35CFFB3C">3619</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7025994833CDAFF1032577212B50FE86" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D552FFB31F89FD16FDB4F9DF" box="[151,512,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD552FFB31F89FD16FDB4F9DF" blockId="4.[151,512,1591,1616]" box="[151,512,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D552FFB31F89FD16FDB4F9DF" authority="Chapuis 1874: 179" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,512,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D552FFB31F89FD16FDB4F9DF" bold="true" box="[151,512,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D552FFB31F89FD16FEA9F9DF" bold="true" box="[151,285,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Scaphodius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD552FFB31E3AFD16FDB4F9DF" author="Chapuis, F." bookContentInfo="455 pp." box="[292,512,1591,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris, iv" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" refId="ref11413" refString="Chapuis, F. (1874) Histoire naturelles des Insectes: Genera des Coleopteres. Vol. 10. Famille des Phytophages. Roret, Paris, iv + 455 pp." title="Histoire naturelles des Insectes: Genera des Coleopteres. Vol. 10. Famille des Phytophages" type="book" year="1874">Chapuis 1874: 179</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D552FFB31F89FDA0FC94F919" box="[151,800,1664,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD552FFB31F89FDA0FC94F919" blockId="4.[151,800,1664,1686]" box="[151,800,1664,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<typeStatus id="54B28878D552FFB31F89FDA0FF7CF919" box="[151,200,1665,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D552FFB31E38FDA1FD3EF91A" authority="Chapuis 1874" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1874" box="[294,650,1664,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D552FFB31E38FDA1FE42F919" box="[294,502,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Scaphodius comptus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD552FFB31EE2FDA1FD3EF91A" author="Chapuis, F." bookContentInfo="455 pp." box="[508,650,1664,1686]" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris, iv" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" refId="ref11413" refString="Chapuis, F. (1874) Histoire naturelles des Insectes: Genera des Coleopteres. Vol. 10. Famille des Phytophages. Roret, Paris, iv + 455 pp." title="Histoire naturelles des Insectes: Genera des Coleopteres. Vol. 10. Famille des Phytophages" type="book" year="1874">Chapuis 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D552FFB21F89FDE3FBF1FEB0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD552FFB21F89FDE3FBF1FEB0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1730,2006]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D552FFB31F89FDE3FE17F954" bold="true" box="[151,419,1730,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Diagnostic description</emphasis>
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(based on examination of c. 50 species). Small to medium sized cryptocephalines, length
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<quantity id="4CF19B3FD552FFB31F89FDC7FF44F971" box="[151,240,1766,1790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6mm</quantity>
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. Head: eyes small, convex, without a distinct internal canthus; male usually with elongated or laterally enlarged mandibles; clypeal area not sharply delimited, or if so, transversely triangular with obtuse upper angle and widely splayed raised margins for holding antennae in repose; antennae not serrate, longer than head width, antennomeres 7–11 elongate and expanded, each with dense basiconic sensilla in apical circular pit. Thorax: front angles pronotum not abruptly constricted as a collar; pronotum with triangular posterior lobe, usually medially notched for retention of scutellum; hind margin pronotum with row of teeth, usually hidden by base of elytra; hind angles of pronotum posteriorly produced; prosternal process broad, sides parallel and usually ridged; scutellum abruptly raised from mesoscutum, fusiform or oval, and anteriorly stepped; mesoscutum on either side of scutellum with narrow strip of microchaetae; elytra striate; elytral suture not serrate; elytral epipleuron entirely visible in lateral view, expanded at humerus, with sinuate lower margin; tibiae without spurs; claws appendiculate. Abdomen: ventrites III, IV and V fused; penis with distinct apical setae; vaginal palpi flat, semi-ovate; spermatheca falciform; dorsal transverse sclerites of kotpresse extending beyond sides of rectum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136551D553FFB21FD9FA6DFC1DFA4F" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD553FFB21FD9FA6DFCB6FD98" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21FD9FA6DFEA5FEEB" bold="true" box="[199,273,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Notes.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21E8BFA6DFDA2FEEB" box="[405,534,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21E8BFA6DFDA2FEEB" box="[405,534,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21DA3FA6CFCDFFEEB" box="[701,875,332,356]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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and was recently redescribed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21BFBFA6DFA23FEEB" author="Scholler, M." box="[1253,1431,332,356]" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologia Beitrage" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="767 - 801" part="41" refId="ref14497" refString="Scholler, M. (2009) Revision of the New Caledonian genus Scaphodius Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). Linzer biologia Beitrage, 41 (1), 767 - 801." title="Revision of the New Caledonian genus Scaphodius Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)" type="journal article" year="2009">Schöller (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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, with several new species. We have revised the description here, based on a larger sample of species. Schöller also included
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21FE1FAB4FE73FE23" authority="Baly 1877" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1877" box="[255,455,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nyetra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21FE1FAB4FEFFFE23" box="[255,331,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Nyetra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21E4CFAB5FE73FE23" author="Baly, J. S." box="[338,455,404,428]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the entomological Society ,, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="23 - 36" part="1877" refId="ref10988" refString="Baly, J. S. (1877) Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga belonging to the family Cryptocephalidae, together with diagnoses and remarks on previously described genera. Transactions of the entomological Society ,, London 1877, 23 - 36." title="Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga belonging to the family Cryptocephalidae, together with diagnoses and remarks on previously described genera" type="journal article" year="1877">Baly 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21DC6FAB5FCEDFE23" box="[728,857,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21DC6FAB5FCEDFE23" box="[728,857,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with which we concur.
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21B70FAB4FB0EFE23" box="[1134,1210,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nyetra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B70FAB4FB0EFE23" box="[1134,1210,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Nyetra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described for a large species, with dorsal pubescence and extreme sexual dimorphism, in contrast to the
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<typeStatus id="54B28878D553FFB21BFBFA99FAA1FE5F" box="[1253,1301,440,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21F89FAFDFEACFE7B" box="[151,280,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21F89FAFDFEACFE7B" box="[151,280,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, small, dorsally glabrous and with slight sexual dimorphism, but there are intermediates in size and structure between these extremes, as noted by Schöller.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636DAD553FFB21FD7F905FDB5FC63" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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Schöller listed 12 species in
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21D00F905FD2BFDB3" box="[542,671,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21D00F905FD2BFDB3" box="[542,671,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but this figure excludes species wrongly placed in the Australo-Papuan genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21E27F969FCA8FDD0" authority="Erichson, 1842 (Scholler 2009)" authorityName="Erichson, 1842 (Scholler" authorityYear="2009" box="[313,796,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21E27F969FE05FDEF" box="[313,433,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21EA6F966FDD6FDD0" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[440,610,583,607]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Naturgeschichte" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="83 - 287" part="8" refId="ref11930" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1842) Beitrag zur Fauna von Vandiemensland, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die geographische Verbreitung der Insecten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 8 (1), 83 - 287." title="Beitrag zur Fauna von Vandiemensland, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die geographische Verbreitung der Insecten" type="journal article" year="1842">Erichson, 1842</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21D6FF966FCA0FDD0" author="Scholler, M." box="[625,788,583,607]" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologia Beitrage" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="767 - 801" part="41" refId="ref14497" refString="Scholler, M. (2009) Revision of the New Caledonian genus Scaphodius Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). Linzer biologia Beitrage, 41 (1), 767 - 801." title="Revision of the New Caledonian genus Scaphodius Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)" type="journal article" year="2009">Schöller 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Schöller treated the five species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21BAFF969FA9DFDEF" box="[1201,1321,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21BAFF969FA9DFDEF" box="[1201,1321,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21FA3F94DFEEAFD0B" author="Fauvel, A." box="[189,350,620,644]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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as either belonging to that genus (
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21DE4F94CFC2FFD0B" box="[762,923,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacicollis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21DE4F94CFC2FFD0B" box="[762,923,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">D. opacicollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only) or
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B13F94CFB17FD0B" box="[1037,1187,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">nomina nuda</emphasis>
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, because they lacked detailed descriptions. However, these latter names were partially described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21B2CF9AEFB60FD28" author="Fauvel, A." box="[1074,1236,655,679]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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as part of a key written to differentiate the species, which therefore makes them available (ICZN 1999, Art 12.1), although the species are unidentifiable from the key. Fauvel seems to have placed his species in
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21B4FF9F9FB7DFD7F" box="[1105,1225,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B4FF9F9FB7DFD7F" box="[1105,1225,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on size and colour, neither of which is valid, and faulty biogeography, influenced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21CD9F9DDFBCEFC9B" author="Chapuis, F." box="[967,1146,764,788]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="74 - 85" part="18" refId="ref11446" refString="Chapuis, F. (1875 a) Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 18, 74 - 85." title="Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie" type="journal article" year="1875">Chapuis (1875a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). Chapuis had listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21A9FF9DCFE03FCB8" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21A9FF9DCFEB9FCB7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">D. punctulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21E0DF83EFE70FCB8" author="Chapuis, F." box="[275,452,799,823]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="74 - 85" part="18" refId="ref11446" refString="Chapuis, F. (1875 a) Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 18, 74 - 85." title="Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie" type="journal article" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Sydney, Adelaide and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21C18F83EFC84FCB8" box="[774,816,799,823]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21C74F800FB30FCB8" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[874,1156,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21C74F800FC6EFCB7" box="[874,986,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">D. tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21CFEF83EFB25FCB8" author="Chapuis, F." box="[992,1169,799,823]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="74 - 85" part="18" refId="ref11446" refString="Chapuis, F. (1875 a) Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 18, 74 - 85." title="Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie" type="journal article" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Sydney, Clarence River, Brisbane and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21E64F865FE10FCD3" box="[378,420,836,860]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Chapuis also described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21DA8F865FB26FCD3" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[694,1170,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cryptocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21DA8F865FC5CFCD3" box="[694,1000,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Cryptocephalus fraterculus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21CF0F865FB14FCD3" author="Chapuis, F." box="[1006,1184,836,860]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="90 - 102" part="18" refId="ref11479" refString="Chapuis, F. (1875 b) Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie (suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 18, 90 - 102." title="Diagnoses de Cryptocephalides inedits appartenant a la faune de l'Australie (suite)" type="journal article" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21BF6F865FAA6FCD3" box="[1256,1298,836,860]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
. All three of these species are Australian, absent from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21D97F846FD04FCF0" box="[649,688,871,895]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21DDAF846FC55FCF0" author="Bryant, G. E. & Gressitt, J. L." box="[708,993,871,895]" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="3 - 91" part="9" refId="ref11199" refString="Bryant, G. E. & Gressitt, J. L. (1957) Chrysomelidae of Fiji. Pacific Science, 9, 3 - 91." title="Chrysomelidae of Fiji" type="journal article" year="1957">Bryant & Gressitt 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B28878D553FFB21CECF848FB99FC0E" box="[1010,1069,873,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">types</typeStatus>
|
||
examined by CAMR) and the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21E4EF8ADFEC3FC2B" box="[336,375,908,932]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
examined by Chapuis must have been wrongly labelled. Note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21B76F8ACFAB9FC2B" box="[1128,1293,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B76F8ACFAB9FC2B" box="[1128,1293,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">D. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21A2DF8ACFEF2FC48" author="Bryant, G. E. & Gressitt, J. L." journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="3 - 91" part="9" refId="ref11199" refString="Bryant, G. E. & Gressitt, J. L. (1957) Chrysomelidae of Fiji. Pacific Science, 9, 3 - 91." title="Chrysomelidae of Fiji" type="journal article" year="1957">Bryant & Gressitt (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a misidentification. Fauvel was therefore misled in believing that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21B8EF891FABCFC47" box="[1168,1288,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B8EF891FABCFC47" box="[1168,1288,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in “Polynesia” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21E35F8F5FE41FC63" author="Fauvel, A." box="[299,501,980,1004]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel 1907: 152</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636DAD553FFB21FD7F8D8FB6AFB4B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
We have examined the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B28878D553FFB21D3AF8D6FD32FB80" box="[548,646,1015,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21DABF8D8FCE3FB9F" box="[693,855,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21DABF8D8FCE3FB9F" box="[693,855,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">D. opacicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is a small but otherwise typical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21F89FF3DFEACFBBB" box="[151,280,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21F89FF3DFEACFBBB" box="[151,280,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with ovate eyes, laterally expanded mandibles, strongly divergent facial antennal grooves and strigose pronotum (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21E34FF61FD9DFBD8" authority="Fauvel" authorityName="Fauvel" box="[298,553,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacicollis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21E34FF61FE75FBD7" box="[298,449,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">S. opacicollis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fauvel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57B3D553FFB21D2AFF61FD05FBD8" box="[564,689,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21D2AFF61FD18FBD7" bold="true" box="[564,684,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). We have not seen any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21CDCFF61FB8EFBD7" box="[962,1082,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21CDCFF61FB8EFBD7" box="[962,1082,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in abundant material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21F89FF45FEE8FBF3" box="[151,348,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cryptocephalinae">Cryptocephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21EBEFF44FDE4FBF3" box="[416,592,1124,1148]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Fauvel’s generic diagnoses are clearly incorrect. We therefore feel justified in placing all of the other Fauvel names in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21D9DFFA9FCB0FB2F" box="[643,772,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21D9DFFA9FCB0FB2F" box="[643,772,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21C0AFFA9FB84FB2F" authority="Fauvel, 1907" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1907" box="[788,1072,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21C0AFFA9FCCBFB2F" box="[788,895,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">S. aeneus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21C91FFA9FB9CFB2F" author="Fauvel, A." box="[911,1064,1160,1184]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57B3D553FFB21B23FFA9FB09FB2F" box="[1085,1213,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B23FFA9FB03FB2F" bold="true" box="[1085,1207,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21BD3FFA9FF6CFB4B" authority="Fauvel, 1907" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21BD3FFA9FA83FB2F" box="[1229,1335,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">S. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21A59FFA9FF64FB4B" author="Fauvel, A." journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57B3D553FFB21FC1FF8DFEEAFB4B" box="[223,350,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21FC1FF8DFEECFB4B" bold="true" box="[223,344,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21E73FF8CFD2BFB4B" authority="Fauvel, 1907" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1907" box="[365,671,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21E73FF8CFE47FB4B" box="[365,499,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">S. striolatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21D1CFF8DFD22FB4B" author="Fauvel, A." box="[514,662,1196,1220]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57B3D553FFB21DB8FF8DFC91FB4B" box="[678,805,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21DB8FF8DFCABFB4B" bold="true" box="[678,799,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21C2AFF8CFBE3FB4B" authority="Fauvel, 1907" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1907" box="[820,1111,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21C2AFF8CFC18FB4B" box="[820,940,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">S. sulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21CA4FF8DFBFBFB4B" author="Fauvel, A." box="[954,1103,1196,1220]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="149" part="26" refId="ref11968" refString="Fauvel, A. (1907) Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 149 - 152." title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" type="journal article" year="1907">Fauvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E57B3D553FFB21B40FF8DFB6AFB4B" box="[1118,1246,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B40FF8DFB6CFB4B" bold="true" box="[1118,1240,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636DAD553FFB21FD7FFF1FBD2FABF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21EA4FFF1FD8FFB67" box="[442,571,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21EA4FFF1FD8FFB67" box="[442,571,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supposedly from outside
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21C73FFF0FB95FB67" box="[877,1057,1232,1256]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21B2EFFF1FAD4FB67" authority="Sharp, 1881" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1881" box="[1072,1376,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compactus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B2EFFF1FB73FB67" box="[1072,1223,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">S. compactus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21BCDFFF1FAD4FB67" author="Sharp, D." box="[1235,1376,1232,1256]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly Magazine" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="97 - 102" part="13" refId="ref14682" refString="Sharp, D. (1881) Descriptions of some new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera (concluded from p. 77). Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 13, 97 - 102." title="Descriptions of some new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera (concluded from p. 77)" type="journal article" year="1881">Sharp, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21E59FFD4FE55FA83" box="[327,481,1268,1292]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This is an Australian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21C4DFFD5FC7FFA83" box="[851,971,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21C4DFFD5FC7FFA83" box="[851,971,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, either mislabelled from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21BF9FFD4FAC9FA83" box="[1255,1405,1268,1292]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
or adventitive but no longer extant in that country (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21DADFE39FC19FABF" author="Leschen, R. & Reid, C." box="[691,941,1304,1328]" journalOrPublisher="Chrysomela" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="7 - 8" part="43" refId="ref12957" refString="Leschen, R. & Reid, C. (2004) New Zealand Chrysomelidae. Chrysomela, 43, 7 - 8." title="New Zealand Chrysomelidae" type="journal article" year="2004">Leschen & Reid 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B2BD553FFB21CA7FE39FBEEFABF" author="Scholler, M." box="[953,1114,1304,1328]" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologia Beitrage" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" pagination="767 - 801" part="41" refId="ref14497" refString="Scholler, M. (2009) Revision of the New Caledonian genus Scaphodius Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). Linzer biologia Beitrage, 41 (1), 767 - 801." title="Revision of the New Caledonian genus Scaphodius Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)" type="journal article" year="2009">Schöller 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636DAD553FFB21FD7FE1DFE7CFAF7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The net result of these changes is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21D66FE1DFD4DFADB" box="[632,761,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21D66FE1DFD4DFADB" box="[632,761,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21C80FE1CFBFFFADB" box="[926,1099,1340,1364]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21B9DFE1DFB4FFADB" box="[1155,1275,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ditropidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21B9DFE1DFB4FFADB" box="[1155,1275,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Ditropidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confined to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21F89FE41FF4AFAF7" box="[151,254,1376,1400]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E764AD553FFB21E6EFE41FE71FAF7" box="[368,453,1376,1400]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636DAD553FFB21FD7FEA4FC1DFA4F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Two new species in the material available to us show particularly bizarre sexual dimorphism and are described below. This brings the total number of valid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D59D553FFB21D97FE89FCBEFA4F" box="[649,778,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scaphodius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC8D553FFB21D97FE89FCBEFA4F" box="[649,778,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Scaphodius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to 19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |