566 lines
63 KiB
XML
566 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.923.48290" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10d31d9c-3ca2-4796-9e54-e8520c61ea7c" ID-PMC="PMC7142163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-923-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="12E7F7C2B5095B99BF532ABC1273344A" ID-PubMed="32292272" ID-ZooBank="7242B753872E419EAA90B5298FA11B94" ModsDocID="1313-2970-923-79" checkinTime="1585826887614" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Matson, Tanner A. & Wagner, David L." docDate="2020" docId="BE43FD77697751DBB76A67DF5EFCE10A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 923: 79-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 923" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.923.48290" docTitle="Stamnodes fergusoni Matson & Wagner 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="ABACB3A5-E374-4ABE-863F-0C46F73E8A61" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="12E7F7C2B5095B99BF532ABC1273344A" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="12E7F7C2B5095B99BF532ABC1273344A" masterDocTitle="A new Stamnodes from the southwestern United States (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1668168679769" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new Stamnodes from the southwestern United States (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Matson, Tanner A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 - 3043, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wagner, David L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 - 3043, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>923</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>90</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.923.48290</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="email">tanner.matson@uconn.edu</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.923.48290</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-923-79</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7242B753872E419EAA90B5298FA11B94</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">12E7F7C2B5095B99BF532ABC1273344A</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163421249" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ABACB3A5-E374-4ABE-863F-0C46F73E8A61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE43FD77697751DBB76A67DF5EFCE10A" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="BE43FD77-6977-51DB-B76A-67DF5EFCE10A" authority="Matson & Wagner, 2020" authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni" status="sp. nov.">Stamnodes fergusoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="79">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Frontal view of head for Stamnodes fergusoni and related species. 4 Stamnodes fergusoni; 5 Stamnodes fervefactaria; 6 Stamnodes deceptiva." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396487" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia. 7 Stamnodes fergusoni (USNM 58902), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica; 8 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55242), a genital capsule, b aedeagus; 9 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 58903), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica. Scale bars: 0.85 mm (9 a), 0.25 mm (9 b)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396488" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia. 10 Stamnodes fergusoni (TAM- 2019 - 001); 11 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55243); 12 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 59079). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396489" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 13 - 14. Larvae of Stamnodes fergusoni on Salvia pinguifolia; NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, DLW Lot: 2018 J 32, COI Barcode DLW- 001425. 13 last instar; 14 penultimate instar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396490" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 13</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 13 - 14. Larvae of Stamnodes fergusoni on Salvia pinguifolia; NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, DLW Lot: 2018 J 32, COI Barcode DLW- 001425. 13 last instar; 14 penultimate instar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396490" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Stamnodes fergusoni (N = 90, red). Single dots may represent> 1 individual. Scale bar: 200 km." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396491" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be immediately separated from most
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its orange ground color and pattern of lead-gray patches across the forewing and hindwing. North of Mexico,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may only be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes deceptiva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fervefactaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neither of these species occur in southwest Texas. Although superficially close (and sometimes confused in collections),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fergusoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be quickly distinguished from the other two species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be reliably determined by the bright, white reticulate pattern of the underside of the hindwing and costal area of the forewing (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the other two species, the reticulate pattern of fore- and hindwing is cream to dull orange in color (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">2b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">3b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The frons of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fergusoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is immediately diagnostic: the dorsal scarlet scales and ventral white scales are separated by a band of black scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Frontal view of head for Stamnodes fergusoni and related species. 4 Stamnodes fergusoni; 5 Stamnodes fervefactaria; 6 Stamnodes deceptiva." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396487" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its slightly larger size, lighter orange ground color, brighter scarlet scales at forewing base, and mostly scarlet tegula (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figures 1–3" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figures 1-3.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823°, -100.06°), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">2</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fervefactaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. #115 at mkr. #30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, -104.9308], 6480ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW1876-17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">3</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes deceptiva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS1646-13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396487" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figures 4–6" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figures 4-6.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view of head for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related species.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">4</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">5</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fervefactaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">6</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes deceptiva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Male genitalia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia. 7 Stamnodes fergusoni (USNM 58902), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica; 8 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55242), a genital capsule, b aedeagus; 9 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 58903), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica. Scale bars: 0.85 mm (9 a), 0.25 mm (9 b)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396488" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) are generally similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the following differences: (1) The costal sclerite is fully integrated into the valve and lacks the protruding thumb-like free end of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (2) A prominent hair tuft arising from the low tubercle on the inner face of valve is approximately as long as the uncus or as long as the distance from its place of attachment to the end of the valve in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fergusoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but only half that length in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (3) The juxta has a posterolateral pair of long, acuminate-conical processes that are lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (4) The vesica has ca. 30 large cornuti and many small cornuti clustered in one large group in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fergusoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; there are two or three large and three or four small cornuti in one group, and many very small ones in another widely separate group in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except that the costal sclerite of the valve does not have a thumb-like free end and is nearly straight, not S-shaped as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the hair tuft on the valve reaches the end of the costal sclerite (but only half that distance in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and the vesica has only small, poorly developed cornuti (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia. 7 Stamnodes fergusoni (USNM 58902), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica; 8 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55242), a genital capsule, b aedeagus; 9 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 58903), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica. Scale bars: 0.85 mm (9 a), 0.25 mm (9 b)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396488" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia. 7 Stamnodes fergusoni (USNM 58902), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica; 8 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55242), a genital capsule, b aedeagus; 9 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 58903), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica. Scale bars: 0.85 mm (9 a), 0.25 mm (9 b)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396488" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female genitalia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia. 10 Stamnodes fergusoni (TAM- 2019 - 001); 11 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55243); 12 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 59079). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396489" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">10</figureCitation>
|
||
) are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the following differences: (1) The bursa copulatrix has two widely separated signa, the one nearer to the ductus bursae is centered in a large sclerotized area and bears a single thorn-like process inwardly (on interior surface of bursa copulatrix); the other signa lacks a process;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes deceptiva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only a single nipple-like signum. (2) The ostium bursae is marked by a relatively large, strongly sclerotized, elongate, subtriangular plate (rounded anteriorly, slightly emarginate posteriorly). (3) Overall, the genitalia are ca. 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia. 10 Stamnodes fergusoni (TAM- 2019 - 001); 11 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55243); 12 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 59079). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396489" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia. 10 Stamnodes fergusoni (TAM- 2019 - 001); 11 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55243); 12 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 59079). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396489" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The small sclerotized regions forming the bases of the signa of all species are usually depressed externally and convex internally, with or without an inner process. The signa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396488" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figures 7–9" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figures 7-9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">7</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM58902),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
|
||
genital capsule,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus with everted vesica;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">8</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fervefactaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM55242),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
|
||
genital capsule,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">9</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes deceptiva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM58903),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
|
||
genital capsule,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus with everted vesica. Scale bars: 0.85 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">9a</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.25 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">9b</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396489" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figures 10–12" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figures 10-12.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">10</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TAM-2019-001);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">11</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fervefactaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM55243);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">12</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnes & McDunnough" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes deceptiva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM59079). Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Adult male.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length: 14-16mm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 74).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex scarlet, sometimes with scattered snow-white scales near base of antenna and collar; frons with dorsal scarlet and ventral white scales separated by thin transverse band of black scales; laterad black scales continued ventrad into white scaling; white scales along dorsal margin of eye. Labial palpus subequal to diameter of eye, short and slightly porrect, with exceedingly long black scales (especially near base) and sparse white intersegmental scales. Antenna filiform, laterally compressed, 0.5 length of forewing; scape mostly black, typically with small dorsal patch of white scales and several scattered white basal scales; flagellum fuscous with dorsal scales only, lateral and ventral sides bearing abundant microsetae. Collar scarlet with inconspicuous posterior white scales. Lateral patches of gray piliform scales between vertex and collar.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutum predominantly light gray dorsally, generally trending from anterior dark gray (except white under patagium) to posterior cream-white, several individuals showing modest pink tone; ventrally bright white. Patagium scarlet; tegula mostly scarlet, basally black, and transitioning to pale, pink piliform scales posteriorly. Legs banded with fuscous and white; tibial spur formula 0-2-4. Coxae snow white.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forewing.</emphasis>
|
||
Scarlet near base, diffusing to light orange near antemedial area (orange ground color paler than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Costal margin with several lead-gray patches; two small patches near base and antemedial area hugging costal margin (same patches continuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and either singular or missing in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); large trigonate to subquadranglar patch near postmedial area terminating near M3; apical patch more or less trigonate and highly variable, extending along outer margin before terminating prior to tornus, often divided by lobe or ray of orange ground color that extends toward apex. Fringe checkered, alternating white and lead-gray. Underside patterned like upperside. Scarlet base more vibrant on costa; costal and apical areas between lead-gray patches given much more to white than on upperside; checkered fringe pattern often extending into terminal area especially near apex.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Hindwing.</emphasis>
|
||
Reticulate light-orange ground color between variable patches and spots of lead-gray (more dissected than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Inner margin basally scarlet, quickly transitioning to admixture of fuscous, light orange, and scarlet. Approximately five ill-defined lead-gray patches (clockwise from wing base): small, basal oblong patch; small, often broken, costal, triangular antemedial patch; larger, ovate postmedial patch; ovate patch at anal angle, subequal to previous; and large, irregularly triangular patch that runs along inner margin. Often with irregular lead-gray subterminal line that expands into subapical patch, connecting dark areas in fringe. Fringe checkered, lead-gray scaling reduced to almost absent in some specimens. Underside like upperside, except light-orange ground color replaced by bright white, lead-gray patches finely outlined by dark gray, basal lead-gray patch often with small scarlet spot basad.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum fuscous, venter pale gray; small black spiracular spots.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Male genitalia. 7 Stamnodes fergusoni (USNM 58902), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica; 8 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55242), a genital capsule, b aedeagus; 9 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 58903), a genital capsule, b aedeagus with everted vesica. Scale bars: 0.85 mm (9 a), 0.25 mm (9 b)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396488" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) Uncus long and narrow, tapering slightly at apex. Valva broadly ovate, ca. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, outwardly convex at middle of costal margin; broadly rounded at apex; prominent hair tuft arising from low tubercle on inner face of valve approximately as long as uncus or as long as distance from its place of attachment to end of valve. Juxta U-shaped, with posterolateral pair of long, acuminate-conical processes. Aedeagus cylindrical, exceeding length of valva; base broadly rounded; apex with broad concave aperture; vesica with ca. 30 large spinose cornuti surrounded by many smaller spinose cornuti in dense cluster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length: 16-17mm (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). Outwardly undifferentiated from male.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Female genitalia. 10 Stamnodes fergusoni (TAM- 2019 - 001); 11 Stamnodes fervefactaria (USNM 55243); 12 Stamnodes deceptiva (USNM 59079). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396489" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">10</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Papillae anales broadly pointed and unfused posteriorly. Posterior apophysis fused with papillae anales anteriorly, long and extending to intersegment of A9 of A10; anterior apophysis one-half the length of posterior apophysis. Ostium bursae with large, ventral, strongly sclerotized, elongate, subtriangular plate (rounded anteriorly, slightly emarginate posteriorly). Ductus bursae short, sclerotized laterally, subtriangular and opening broadly into corpus bursae. Corpus bursae spheroid with two widely separated signa; signum nearer ductus bursae centered in large sclerotized area and bearing a single thorn-like process directed inward on interior surface; anterior signum without such a process and with rugose areole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Description of living final instar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 13 - 14. Larvae of Stamnodes fergusoni on Salvia pinguifolia; NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, DLW Lot: 2018 J 32, COI Barcode DLW- 001425. 13 last instar; 14 penultimate instar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396490" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 13 - 14. Larvae of Stamnodes fergusoni on Salvia pinguifolia; NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, DLW Lot: 2018 J 32, COI Barcode DLW- 001425. 13 last instar; 14 penultimate instar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396490" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coloration variable, dorsum ranging from green to lavender or mixture of both; venter yellow-green to lime-green, darker than dorsum in green forms. In cross section, venter shallowly hemispherical below white lateral stripe, appearing somewhat flattened. Upper side of white subspiracular stripe diffuse, enveloping spiracles; ventral margin more defined. Primary setae, sharp, relatively long, roughly 2.5-3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
height of spiracle, many borne from black pinaculum positioned atop minute wart. Spiracles tan to pale orange with darker peritreme. Head with circular freckles mostly clustered into tight groups over each lobe and in each corner of frons; primary setae from black pinacula; stemma 3 ca. 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
stemmata 2 and 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396490" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 13–14" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 13-14.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wooton & Standl" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia pinguifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinguifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia pinguifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, DLW Lot: 2018J32, COI Barcode DLW-001425.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13</emphasis>
|
||
last instar;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">14</emphasis>
|
||
penultimate instar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Description of preserved penultimate instar.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Integument roughened and transversely furrowed. Extensively peppered with minute melanized patches which are most visible over each lobe of head and posterior abdominal segments (especially in cleared preparations). Prothoracic spiracle subequal to those on A1-A6 (~0.12 mm high); spiracle on A7 and A8 (~0.16 mm high). Planta of A6 with 20 or 21 secondary setae below level of SV seta, bearing 25 or 26 crochets mostly of two alternating lengths.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Holotype male</emphasis>
|
||
, TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823°, -100.06°), Elev. 1676', 19 September 2018, Jim Vargo coll. dry pinned (USNM) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Adult Stamnodes. 1 Stamnodes fergusoni [HOLOTYPE], TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823 °, - 100.06 °), 19 September 2018, J. Vargo coll., a dorsal view, b ventral view; 2 Stamnodes fervefactaria, Colorado: El Paso Co., ssw of Colorado Springs Hwy. 115 at mkr. 30.2 Los Pinos housing entry [38.5797, - 104.9308], 6480 ft, 14 August 2004, Chuck Harp coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUW 1876 - 17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01343267, a dorsal view, b ventral view; 3 Stamnodes deceptiva, AZ: Cochise Co., Ash Canyon Rd Huachuca Mts., 5100 ft, 3 August 1999, Douglas C. Ferguson coll., BOLD Process ID: LNAUS 1646 - 13, Museum ID: USNM ENT 00808502 a dorsal view, b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396486" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Paratype adults</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(52♂, 18♀): NM: Lincoln Co., Valley of Fires Recreation Area (33.67977°, -105.92708°), 11 August 2014, Black light trap, Leg. J. Luig & J. Metlevski, Voucher Codes: (363203, 363204), (2♂) (KSU-MEPAR); NM: Lincoln Co., Valley of Fires Recreation Area (33.681795°, -105.923486°), 4-5 September 2015, At light, Leg. J. Metlevski, Voucher Codes: (363197, 363198), (2♂) (KSU-MEPAR); NM: Lincoln Co., Valley of Fires Recreation Area (33.678049°, -105.927135°), 4 September 2015, Mercury vapor light, Leg. J. Metlevski, Voucher Codes: (363193-363196), (4♀) (KSU-MEPAR, TAMUIC); NM: Lincoln Co., Valley of Fires Recreation Area (33.678167°, -105.927492°), 4 September 2015, Black light trap, Leg. J. Metlevski, Voucher Codes: (363199-363202, 367370-367375), (9♂, 1♀) (TAMUIC, USNM, AMNH); TX: Uvalde Co., Concan, 9 November 2015, Ed Knudson coll., (1♂)(UCMS); TX: Uvalde Co., Concan, 28 September 2013 - 1 October 2013, Ed Knudson & Charles Bordelon colls., (1♂, 1♀) (UCMS); TX: Edwards Co., 1.2 km NW Camp Wood [29.6822°, -99.9711°], 13 October 2017, Ann Hendrickson coll., (3♂) (UCMS); TX: Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon State Park, 20 October 1985, John Rawlins coll., BOLD Process IDs: LNAUV1793-17, LNAUV450-16, Museum IDs: USNM ENT 01276376, 01237649, Genitalic Slide DCF1651, (1♂, 1♀) (USNM); TX: Val Verde Co., Ranch Road 189 (30.1823°, -100.06°), 19 September 2018, Jim Vargo coll. (1♂, 1♀)(USNM); TX: Val Verde Co., (29.696°, -101.324°), 25 October 2014, Jim Vargo coll. (1♀)(TAMUIC); TX: Val Verde Co., Del Rio, 4 October 1994, Ed Knudson coll., (25♂, 7♀)(MGCL); TX: Uvalde Co., ConCan, 15 October 2001, G. Muise coll., (2♂, 1♀)(MGCL); TX: Uvalde Co., ConCan, 19 October 2000, Ed Knudson coll., (1♂)(MGCL); TX: El Paso Co., Franklin Mts., 17 September 1993, Ed Knudson coll., (3♂)(MGCL); TX: Val Verde Co., Dolan Falls
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Devil’s">Devil's</normalizedToken>
|
||
River, 3-10 October 1994, J. Gillaspy coll., (1♀)(MGCL); TX: Kinney Co., Bracketville, 5 October 1994, Ed Knudson coll., (1♂)(MGCL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Adults.</emphasis>
|
||
TX: (County Unknown), Langley [Langtry], 25 October 1945, (collector unknown), BOLD Process ID: LNAUV1794-17, Museum ID: USNM ENT 01276377, Genitalic Slide USNM58902, (1♂) (USNM); TX: Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon State Park, 20 October 1985, John Rawlins coll., (damaged by museum pests) (1♂) (USNM); TX: Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mountains National Park north McKittrick Canyon, 28 March 1968, Roy O. Kendall & C. A. Kendall coll., (1♂) (MGCL); NM: Catron Co., Gila National Forest, Forest rd. 94 (33.7181°, -108.4683°), 20 August 2015, Elev. 8200', Ron Parry coll. (from photograph). Additional internet photographic records (mapped in Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Stamnodes fergusoni (N = 90, red). Single dots may represent> 1 individual. Scale bar: 200 km." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396491" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) from iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/): 18390285, 18339093, 9176399, 8832387, 8819801, 8813547, 8801663, 8795069, 8367680, 2360810. BugGuide observations (https://bugguide.net/node/view/): 1322692, 1493681, 1456212, 713503.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, 16 September 2018, DLW Lot: 2018J32 & 2018J35, Tanner Matson & David Wagner coll., BOLD Process ID: WAGL1235-18, beaten from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wooton & Standl" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia pinguifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinguifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia pinguifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5) (UCMS); AZ: Cochise Co., Warren, 23 September 2018, DLW Lot: 2018J133, Tanner Matson, David Wagner, & Mimi Kamp coll., BOLD Process ID: WAGL1401-19, beaten from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wooton & Standl" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia pinguifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinguifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia pinguifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) (UCMS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396491" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 15" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 90, red). Single dots may represent> 1 individual. Scale bar: 200 km.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Stamnodes fergusoni (N = 90, red). Single dots may represent> 1 individual. Scale bar: 200 km." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396491" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) Southwest Hill Country (Uvalde, Kinney, Edwards, and Val Verde counties); Franklin Mountains (Franklin County); and Guadalupe Mountains (Culberson County) of Texas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Knudson, E" journalOrPublisher="News of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="7 - 8" refId="B4" refString="Knudson, E, Bordelon, C, 2002. The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas. News of the Lepidopterists' Society 44: 7 - 8" title="The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas." volume="44" year="2002">Knudson and Bordelon 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and this paper). Carrizozo Malpais lava flow (Lincoln County), New Mexico (where it is abdundant); also Gila National Forest (Catron County), New Mexico (https://southwesternmoths.com). Mule Mountains (Cochise County) of extreme southeastern Arizona. Range into Mexico remains unclarified; we have examined several collections from the north Coahuilan hill country near Ciudad
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acuña">Acuna</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The species is named in honor of the late Douglas C. Ferguson, a reigning and much respected authority on the geometrid fauna of North America for more than four decades. Dr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferguson’s">Ferguson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
notes, dissections, and collections were valuable assets that guided this effort. Dr. Ferguson was in the process of describing this species before his passing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Knudson, E" journalOrPublisher="News of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="7 - 8" refId="B4" refString="Knudson, E, Bordelon, C, 2002. The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas. News of the Lepidopterists' Society 44: 7 - 8" title="The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas." volume="44" year="2002">Knudson and Bordelon 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (pers. comm. Charles Covell; Alma Solis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The larvae are believed to be specialists on woody
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lamiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae were collected and reared to maturity on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wooton & Standl" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia pinguifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinguifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia pinguifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rock sage) from Carrizozo Malpais, New Mexico (BOLD Process ID: WAGL1235-18, BOLD Sample ID: DLW-001425). A middle instar larva was collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wooton & Standl" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia pinguifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinguifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia pinguifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Warren, Arizona (BOLD Process ID: WAGL1401-19, BOLD Sample ID: DLW-001401). In the Southwestern Hill Country of Texas, the species is believed to feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth" authorityYear="1833" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia ballotiflora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ballotiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia ballotiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(shrubby blue sage) as this is the only woody
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the localities where this species has been taken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fergusoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were first discovered on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wooton & Standl" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia pinguifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinguifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Salvia pinguifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants growing at the bottom of large gas bubbles that formed during the deposition of the Carrizozo Malpais lava field, west of Carrizozo, New Mexico. When the top of a bubble erodes away, the remaining volcanic pit acts as a catch basin for rain and dust, and over time comes to support diverse gardens in an otherwise black ultraxeric landscape. Larvae were found on plants growing within these bubbles, especially where overhanging lava shelves shield plants from full sun. Smaller, water-stressed plants growing in full sun yielded no
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fergusoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. The purple pigments in the caterpillar appear to be derived from the flowers of its host (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 13 - 14. Larvae of Stamnodes fergusoni on Salvia pinguifolia; NM: Lincoln Co., Carrizozo lava flow, DLW Lot: 2018 J 32, COI Barcode DLW- 001425. 13 last instar; 14 penultimate instar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.923.48290.figure13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/396490" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the laboratory, caterpillars were observed with their bodies deeply inserted into the calyx of individual flowers, feeding on reproductive tissues and callow seeds. The caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. deceptiva" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="deceptiva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. deceptiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fervefactaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="fervefactaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">S. fervefactaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are so far unknown; we suspect they are using other
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lamiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matson & Wagner" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stamnodes fergusoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Stamnodes fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a single late-summer generation that appears to be tied to the flowering time of its preferred host. The moth is locally common in New Mexico and southwestern Hill Country of Texas with peak adult activity in September and October. Adults fly earlier (first weeks of September) in New Mexico. Several worn individuals were taken in March (2002) from the Guadalupe Mountains, by Roy Kendall.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Knudson, E" journalOrPublisher="News of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="7 - 8" refId="B4" refString="Knudson, E, Bordelon, C, 2002. The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas. News of the Lepidopterists' Society 44: 7 - 8" title="The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas." volume="44" year="2002">Knudson and Bordelon (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed this collection represented overwintering adults. Mature larvae pupate in leaf litter or over soil. Over most of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
range, the pupa is believed to overwinter and remain in diapause until the following fall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |