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<mods:title id="DC94E1519CA0265272090227726E814D">Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BA468847B26169F8C628409D3012FC42">Piacentini, Luis Norberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2999537367790BB86289377CBC9A06F9">Institute for Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Portovaya str., 18, Magadan 685000 (Russia) &amp; Altai State University, Lenina Pr., 61, Barnaul (Russia) &amp; Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West Bloemfontein (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FBD273B2FAF43527" ID-CoL="86L2" authority="Simon, 1909" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1909" box="[1059,1286,1012,1039]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FBD273B2FB803526" box="[1059,1138,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Vesubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FB8873B2FAF43527" author="SIMON E." box="[1145,1286,1012,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="335 - 449" refId="ref7279" refString="SIMON E. 1909. - Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2 e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 44: 335 - 449." type="journal article" year="1909">Simon, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FCDC7478FBC2357E" ID-CoL="86L2" authority="Simon, 1909: 402" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="402" authorityYear="1909" box="[813,1072,1086,1110]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FCDC7478FC86357E" box="[813,884,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Vesubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FC8B7478FBC2357E" author="SIMON E." box="[890,1072,1086,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="335 - 449" refId="ref7279" refString="SIMON E. 1909. - Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2 e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 44: 335 - 449." type="journal article" year="1909">Simon, 1909: 402</bibRefCitation>
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.
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB97743EFA7635B8" authority="Simon, 1881" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1881" box="[1126,1412,1144,1168]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trabea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugorum">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB97743EFB0935B8" box="[1126,1275,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Trabea jugorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FAF0743EFA7635B8" author="SIMON E." box="[1281,1412,1144,1168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="82 - 91" refId="ref7222" refString="SIMON E. 1881. - Arachnides nouveaux ou rares de la faune francaise. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 6 (3 - 4): 82 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Simon, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB8474F3FA4235E5" authority="(Simon, 1881)" authorityName="des Alpes" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1141,1456,1205,1229]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugorum">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB8474F3FAE435E4" box="[1141,1302,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Vesubia jugorum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FAD574F3FA5535E5" author="SIMON E." box="[1316,1447,1205,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="82 - 91" refId="ref7222" refString="SIMON E. 1881. - Arachnides nouveaux ou rares de la faune francaise. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 6 (3 - 4): 82 - 91." type="journal article" year="1881">Simon, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described based on a female specimen collected in high alpine habitat near Saint-Martin-Vésubie (
<collectingCountry id="F35629B29821FFC4FB7F74ACFB26342A" box="[1166,1236,1258,1282]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4985A7C09821FFC4FB2F74ACFC873434" country="France" name="Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE69229821FFC4FCDC7558FB1436CE" blockId="4.[811,1457,1205,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">
The species was described in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB497558FA70341E" authority="Simon, 1876" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1876" box="[1208,1410,1310,1334]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trabea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB497558FB0B341E" box="[1208,1273,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Trabea</emphasis>
Simon, 1876
</taxonomicName>
and later transferred by the same author to
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB49757CFA7D3479" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[1208,1423,1337,1361]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB49757CFB013479" box="[1208,1267,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Lycosa</emphasis>
Latreille, 1804
</taxonomicName>
, in the second section of Lycoseae together with other species bearing two retromarginal teeth, a character shared with representatives of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC5D75CEFB663488" authority="(Simon 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[940,1172,1416,1440]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Alopecosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC5D75CEFBF63488" box="[940,1028,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Alopecosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FBE375CEFB7C3488" author="SIMON E." box="[1042,1166,1416,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref7255" refString="SIMON E. 1898. - Histoire naturelle des araignees, Tome 2. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret Paris: 193 - 380." type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FAFD75CEFAA13488" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1909" box="[1292,1363,1416,1440]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FAFD75CEFAA13488" box="[1292,1363,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Vesubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was later described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FC5A75E5FBC13493" author="SIMON E." box="[939,1075,1443,1467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="335 - 449" refId="ref7279" refString="SIMON E. 1909. - Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2 e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 44: 335 - 449." type="journal article" year="1909">Simon (1909)</bibRefCitation>
based on the presence of two retromarginal teeth, spination pattern and the eye configuration. It remained monotypic until, without specific justification,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FAE5759EFA5C34D8" author="ROEWER C. F." box="[1300,1454,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" refId="ref7151" refString="ROEWER C. F. 1955. - Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, Vol. 2 a. Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 923 p." type="book" year="1955">Roewer (1955)</bibRefCitation>
added
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC8175B5FB853722" authority="Fox, 1935" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1935" box="[880,1143,1522,1546]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Arctosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschii">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC8175B5FBF53722" box="[880,1031,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Arctosa gertschii</emphasis>
Fox, 1935
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB7275B4FA593722" authority="Thorell, 1875" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[1155,1451,1522,1546]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Tarentula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB7275B4FAE83722" box="[1155,1306,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Tarentula vivax</emphasis>
Thorell, 1875
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FCDF764BFB39370D" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1869" box="[814,1227,1549,1573]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FCDF764BFC56370D" box="[814,932,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Lycosa ligata</emphasis>
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB24764BFC923717" authority="Karsch, 1880" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magallanica">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB24764BFA93370D" box="[1237,1377,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">L. magallanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FA96764BFC923717" author="KARSCH F." pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref6202" refString="KARSCH F. 1880. - Mittheilung uber die von Herrn Dr. O. Finsch wahrend seiner polynesischen Reise gesammelten Myriopoden und Arachniden. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1880: 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1880">Karsch, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC60766EFB8A3717" authority="Karsch, 1880" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" box="[913,1144,1575,1599]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caduca">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC60766EFC1E3717" box="[913,1004,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">L. caduca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FC027661FB8A3717" author="KARSCH F." box="[1011,1144,1575,1599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref6202" refString="KARSCH F. 1880. - Mittheilung uber die von Herrn Dr. O. Finsch wahrend seiner polynesischen Reise gesammelten Myriopoden und Arachniden. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1880: 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1880">Karsch, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, merely by mentioning them in his catalogue. Subsequent nomenclatural revisions (Roewer 1960;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FCDC761AFC37375C" author="TONGIORGI P." box="[813,965,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="105 - 125" refId="ref7418" refString="TONGIORGI P. 1977. - Fam. Lycosidae. In: La faune terrestre de l'ile de Sainte-Helene IV. Annales, Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques (Zool. - Ser. 8 °) 220: 105 - 125." type="journal article" year="1977">Tongiorgi 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FC20761AFB84375C" author="YU L. M. &amp; SONG D. X." box="[977,1142,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="234 - 244" refId="ref7597" refString="YU L. M. &amp; SONG D. X. 1988 - On new species of wolf spiders from China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13: 234 - 244." type="journal article" year="1988">Yu &amp; Song 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FB73761AFAE1375C" author="LOGUNOV D. V." box="[1154,1299,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="475 - 512" refId="ref6371" refString="LOGUNOV D. V. 2023. - Further notes on the fossorial wolf spiders of Middle Asia and the Near East (Aranei: Lycosidae). Arthropoda Selecta 32 (4): 475 - 512. https: // doi. 10.15298 / arthsel. 32.4.12" type="journal article" year="2023">Logunov 2023</bibRefCitation>
) have led to the current assignment of two species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB1D7630FAC137A6" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1909" box="[1260,1331,1654,1678]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB1D7630FAC137A6" box="[1260,1331,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Vesubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FACE7631FA6437A6" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" box="[1343,1430,1654,1678]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caduca">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FACE7631FA6437A6" box="[1343,1430,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">V. caduca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of which only the female
<typeStatus id="54FAD7809821FFC4FBF876D7FBC13781" box="[1033,1075,1681,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">type</typeStatus>
specimen is known from Olinda in the Maui Island on Hawaii and
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FBC376EAFB6437EB" authorityName="des Alpes" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1074,1174,1708,1731]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugorum">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FBC376EAFB6437EB" box="[1074,1174,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">V. jugorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54FAD7809821FFC4FB3576EAFB1F37EC" box="[1220,1261,1708,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus. The last author who discussed the composition of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FA977680FA5F37F6" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1909" box="[1382,1453,1734,1758]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FA977680FA5F37F6" box="[1382,1453,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Vesubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FCA776A6FBF237D0" author="TONGIORGI P." box="[854,1024,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="255 - 264" refId="ref7385" refString="TONGIORGI P. 1969. - Vesubia jugorum (Simon) un ragno licoside endemico delle Alpi marittime. Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali B 75: 255 - 264." type="journal article" year="1969">Tongiorgi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, who also described the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FAB776A7FA5D37D0" authorityName="des Alpes" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1350,1455,1761,1784]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugorum">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FAB776A7FA5D37D0" box="[1350,1455,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">V. jugorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time. Tongiorgi provided observational data about the natural history of the species and discussed several hypotheses about its evolutive origins. Additionally, he provided a diagnosis for the genus based on a combination of somatic morphology characters and concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC0A7723FB703655" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" box="[1019,1154,1893,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caduca">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC0A7723FB703655" box="[1019,1154,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Lycosa caduca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FB467723FAA33654" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[1207,1361,1893,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Tarentula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FB467723FAA33654" box="[1207,1361,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Tarentula vivax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not congeneric with
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC3C77C6FBC636BF" authorityName="des Alpes" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[973,1076,1920,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugorum">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC3C77C6FBC636BF" box="[973,1076,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">V. jugorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, no formal nomenclatural act was proposed. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39821FFC4FBEF77DCFB4D369A" author="LOGUNOV D. V." box="[1054,1215,1946,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" pagination="475 - 512" refId="ref6371" refString="LOGUNOV D. V. 2023. - Further notes on the fossorial wolf spiders of Middle Asia and the Near East (Aranei: Lycosidae). Arthropoda Selecta 32 (4): 475 - 512. https: // doi. 10.15298 / arthsel. 32.4.12" type="journal article" year="2023">Logunov (2023)</bibRefCitation>
analyzed the
<typeStatus id="54FAD7809821FFC4FAB777DCFA82369A" box="[1350,1392,1946,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC8877F2FBFE36E4" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[889,1036,1972,1996]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Tarentula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC8877F2FBFE36E4" box="[889,1036,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Tarentula vivax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and concluded that this species belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19821FFC4FC617788FC1A36CE" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[912,1000,1998,2022]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Alopecosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309821FFC4FC617788FC1A36CE" box="[912,1000,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="619">Alopecosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and proposed its transfer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B3AA99820FFC5FF75709EFDFF305C" pageId="5" pageNumber="620" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFE69229820FFC5FF75709EFDFF305C" blockId="5.[131,776,215,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">
<smallCapsWord id="8D18FFFE9820FFC5FF75709EFF1D31C6" baselines="233,234" box="[132,239,216,239]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19820FFC5FEEF7091FE9731C7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1909" box="[286,357,215,239]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Vesubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935B5309820FFC5FEEF7091FE9731C7" box="[286,357,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Vesubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19820FFC5FDB37091FD5231C7" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[578,672,215,239]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycosinae">Lycosinae</taxonomicName>
genera by the combination of the following characters: presence of two retromarginal teeth, a posterior epigynal pocket, a wide embolus, an apical projection of the palea and the shape of the median apophysis, with a dorsal concavity but without a dorsal channel as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C4112A19820FFC5FF77711AFF16305C" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[134,228,348,372]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycosinae">Lycosinae</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD014D39820FFC5FEE4711AFE48305C" author="KRONESTEDT T." box="[277,442,348,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="620" pagination="203 - 225" refId="ref6301" refString="KRONESTEDT T. 1990. - Separation of two species standing as Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck) by morphological, behavioural and ecological characters, with remarks on related species in the pulverulenta group (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoologica Scripta 19 (2): 203 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00256. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Kronestedt 1990</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE36711AFDF3305C" box="[455,513,348,372]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1449,1467]" captionTargetBox="[169,1432,223,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[698,1267,722,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) male genitalia, bulb of the right pedipalp: A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical; F, entire pedipalp prolateral. Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PP, palear projection. Scale bar: A-E, 0.20 mm; F, 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B3AA99820FFC5FF7571F1FE673586" pageId="5" pageNumber="620" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE69229820FFC5FF7571F1FEE730E7" blockId="5.[130,777,439,1198]" box="[132,277,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">
<smallCapsWord id="8D18FFFE9820FFC5FF7571F1FEE730E7" baselines="458,458" box="[132,277,439,465]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE69229820FFC5FF757190FE673586" blockId="5.[130,777,439,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">
Medium-sized wolf spiders (
<quantity id="4CB9C4C79820FFC5FE4A7190FDC730D8" box="[443,565,470,496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="620" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="11.0">11-18 mm</quantity>
), carapace uniform dark brown, in live specimens a distinguishable paler median band, formed by setae (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE877250FE433318" box="[374,433,534,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[133,144,713,731]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,213,670]" captionTargetId="figure-724@4.[132,1455,214,670]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Live specimens of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881): A, female carrying spiderlings, in the nearby of Refugio Remondino, Valdieri (Alpi Marittime, Prov- ince of Cuneo, Italy); B, female and habitat, Passo Tesina, SantAnna di Vinadio (Alpi Marittime, Province of Cuneo, Italy). Photos: A, Francesco Tomasinelli; B, Emanuele Biggi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Sternum, labium and maxillae reddish brown. Chelicerae dark brown with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Abdomen uniform dark brown in fixed specimens, in live specimens a distinguishable cardiac mark followed by a series of paler marks (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FD5272D0FD043398" box="[675,758,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[133,144,713,731]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,213,670]" captionTargetId="figure-724@4.[132,1455,214,670]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Live specimens of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881): A, female carrying spiderlings, in the nearby of Refugio Remondino, Valdieri (Alpi Marittime, Prov- ince of Cuneo, Italy); B, female and habitat, Passo Tesina, SantAnna di Vinadio (Alpi Marittime, Province of Cuneo, Italy). Photos: A, Francesco Tomasinelli; B, Emanuele Biggi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), venter brownish yellow. Legs dark brown with a paler annulation at the middle of the femur (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE117293FDC333D8" box="[480,561,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[133,144,713,731]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,213,670]" captionTargetId="figure-724@4.[132,1455,214,670]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Live specimens of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881): A, female carrying spiderlings, in the nearby of Refugio Remondino, Valdieri (Alpi Marittime, Prov- ince of Cuneo, Italy); B, female and habitat, Passo Tesina, SantAnna di Vinadio (Alpi Marittime, Province of Cuneo, Italy). Photos: A, Francesco Tomasinelli; B, Emanuele Biggi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), leg formula 4123. Palp of male with tibia as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FDC072B3FD763227" box="[561,644,757,783]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1449,1467]" captionTargetBox="[169,1432,223,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[698,1267,722,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) male genitalia, bulb of the right pedipalp: A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical; F, entire pedipalp prolateral. Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PP, palear projection. Scale bar: A-E, 0.20 mm; F, 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Cymbium with several distal macrosetae (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE3A7353FDEB3207" box="[459,537,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1449,1467]" captionTargetBox="[169,1432,223,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[698,1267,722,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) male genitalia, bulb of the right pedipalp: A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical; F, entire pedipalp prolateral. Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PP, palear projection. Scale bar: A-E, 0.20 mm; F, 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) and a patch of strong setae dorsally (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FED77373FE8E3267" box="[294,380,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1449,1467]" captionTargetBox="[169,1432,223,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[698,1267,722,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) male genitalia, bulb of the right pedipalp: A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical; F, entire pedipalp prolateral. Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PP, palear projection. Scale bar: A-E, 0.20 mm; F, 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
); subtegulum not visible in ventral view, tegulum strongly sclerotized, with rounded conductor (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FF427333FEF532B8" box="[179,263,885,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1984,2002]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,1563,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[131,984,1562,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), expanded pedipalp bulb: A, ventral view; B, anterior view; C, detail of median apophysis. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis. Scale bar: A, B, 0.50 mm; C, 0.20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
); median apophysis transverse with apical spur, directed anterodorsally (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE7873D3FE293287" box="[393,475,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[131,142,1444,1462]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-233@8.[698,1267,771,1330]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), SEM images: A, epigyne ventral view; B, epigyne anterior view; C, bulb, apical view; D, bulb, ventral view; E, bulb retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MS, median septum; P, epyginal pocket; Pp, pars pendula; PP, palear projection; Sy, synembolus. Scale bar: A-E, 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
), and a dorsal concavity but without a dorsal channel (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE5673F3FDF032E7" box="[423,514,948,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1984,2002]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,1563,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[131,984,1562,1949]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), expanded pedipalp bulb: A, ventral view; B, anterior view; C, detail of median apophysis. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis. Scale bar: A, B, 0.50 mm; C, 0.20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Figs 5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FDE173F3FDC332E7" box="[528,561,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[131,142,1444,1462]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-233@8.[698,1267,771,1330]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), SEM images: A, epigyne ventral view; B, epigyne anterior view; C, bulb, apical view; D, bulb, ventral view; E, bulb retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MS, median septum; P, epyginal pocket; Pp, pars pendula; PP, palear projection; Sy, synembolus. Scale bar: A-E, 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">6E</figureCitation>
); palea region projected apically (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FED97392FE8F32C7" box="[296,381,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1449,1467]" captionTargetBox="[169,1432,223,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[698,1267,722,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) male genitalia, bulb of the right pedipalp: A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical; F, entire pedipalp prolateral. Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PP, palear projection. Scale bar: A-E, 0.20 mm; F, 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FE777392FE5532C6" box="[390,423,980,1006]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[131,142,1444,1462]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-233@8.[698,1267,771,1330]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), SEM images: A, epigyne ventral view; B, epigyne anterior view; C, bulb, apical view; D, bulb, ventral view; E, bulb retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MS, median septum; P, epyginal pocket; Pp, pars pendula; PP, palear projection; Sy, synembolus. Scale bar: A-E, 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">6E</figureCitation>
), synembolus reduced (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FD527392FD0832C6" box="[675,762,980,1006]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[131,142,1444,1462]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-233@8.[698,1267,771,1330]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), SEM images: A, epigyne ventral view; B, epigyne anterior view; C, bulb, apical view; D, bulb, ventral view; E, bulb retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MS, median septum; P, epyginal pocket; Pp, pars pendula; PP, palear projection; Sy, synembolus. Scale bar: A-E, 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Embolus wide, C-shaped with pars pendula (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FD9A73B2FD373527" box="[619,709,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1449,1467]" captionTargetBox="[169,1432,223,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[698,1267,722,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) male genitalia, bulb of the right pedipalp: A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical; F, entire pedipalp prolateral. Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PP, palear projection. Scale bar: A-E, 0.20 mm; F, 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FD2073B2FD0A3526" box="[721,760,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[131,142,1444,1462]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-233@8.[698,1267,771,1330]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881), SEM images: A, epigyne ventral view; B, epigyne anterior view; C, bulb, apical view; D, bulb, ventral view; E, bulb retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MS, median septum; P, epyginal pocket; Pp, pars pendula; PP, palear projection; Sy, synembolus. Scale bar: A-E, 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">6D</figureCitation>
). Epigyne with two anterior semicircular atria, divided by a septum, leading to a pair of anterior hood (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FD9E7472FD383566" box="[623,714,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1213,1231]" captionTargetBox="[168,1432,188,1196]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[184,1416,215,1176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Drawings of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881): A, B, habitus, dorsal (A), anterior (B); C, D, female genitalia: epigyne ventral view (C); vulva (D). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941220/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FD297472FD0E3566" box="[728,764,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1981,1999]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1301,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-31@6.[132,1455,1301,1936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Type material of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) from Simons collection (MNHN): A, ventral view of the lectotype with its original label; B, ventral view of the epigyne from additional material accompanied by the original label. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941222/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">3A</figureCitation>
). Internal genitalia composed of a tri-partite spermatheca with a rounded head, that connects to the base of spermatheca by a thinner stalk (
<figureCitation id="137A75A79820FFC5FEDE74D2FE7B3586" box="[303,393,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1213,1231]" captionTargetBox="[168,1432,188,1196]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[184,1416,215,1176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Drawings of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881): A, B, habitus, dorsal (A), anterior (B); C, D, female genitalia: epigyne ventral view (C); vulva (D). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13941220/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="620">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>