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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Narella Gray 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="255" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>860</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>183</mods:start>
<mods:end>306</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Narella Gray, 1870</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Narella</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1870: 49.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 168.
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Science" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="91 - 102" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/866" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, 1951. A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera. . Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 41: 91 - 102" title="A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/866" volume="41" year="1951">Bayer 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 41-43;
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B4">1956</bibRefCitation>
: F222; 1961: 295 (key); 1981: 937 (key); 1995: 147, 148; 1997: 511.
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="617 - 648" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1243" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2003. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: The genus Narella Gray, 1870. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116: 617 - 648" title="Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: The genus Narella Gray, 1870." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1243" volume="116" year="2003">Cairns and Bayer 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 618, 619;
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="7 - 10" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6203" refId="B42" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2004a. Narella Gray, 1870 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Primnoaregularis Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860. . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 61: 7 - 10" title="Narella Gray, 1870 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Primnoaregularis Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6203" volume="61" year="2004 a">2004a</bibRefCitation>
: 7-10.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 392, 393 [a more complete synonymy and discussion].
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2008. . https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Cairns and Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 84-86;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
: 2, 30, 31, 43.
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 71" refId="B35" refString="Cairns, SD, 2012. New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part I. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. . NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs 126: 1 - 71" title="New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part I. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa." volume="126" year="2012">Cairns 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 14.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx003" author="Taylor, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society," pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="70 - 97" refId="B162" refString="Taylor, ML, Rogers, AD, 2017. Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics. . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181: 70 - 97" title="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx003" volume="181" year="2017">Taylor and Rogers 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 4.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018a. Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1. Suborder Calcaxonia. . ZooKeys 729: 1 - 46" title="Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1. Suborder Calcaxonia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" volume="729" year="2018 a">Cairns 2018a</bibRefCitation>
: 20, 21;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018b. Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the 'Okeanos Explorer' expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific. . Zootaxa 4532: 1 - 43" title="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the ' Okeanos Explorer' expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" volume="4532" year="2018 b">2018b</bibRefCitation>
: 19.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B47" refString="Cairns, SD, Taylor, ML, 2019. An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae). . ZooKeys 822: 1 - 15" title="An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922" volume="822" year="2019">Cairns and Taylor 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 1-15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stachyodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stachyodes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stachyodes</taxonomicName>
Wright and Studer in Studer, 1887: 49; 1901: 40.
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
: xlvii, 53.
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 86-88.
<bibRefCitation author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" refId="B166" refString="Thomson, JA, Henderson, WD, 1906a. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" year="1906 a">Thomson and Henderson 1906a</bibRefCitation>
: 35.
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="229 - 237" refId="B116" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1907. Vorlaeufige Mitteilung uber einige neue japanische Primnoidkorallen. . Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 6: 229 - 237" title="Vorlaeufige Mitteilung uber einige neue japanische Primnoidkorallen." volume="6" year="1907">Kinoshita 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 233;
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">1908a</bibRefCitation>
: 45-47.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B168" refString="Thomson, JA, Russell, ES, 1910. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Russell 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 142.
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B123">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1912
</bibRefCitation>
: 59;
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">1915b</bibRefCitation>
: 152;
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B127">1919</bibRefCitation>
: 452-456;
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
: 308, 309.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calypterinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calypterinus" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calypterinus</taxonomicName>
Wright and Studer in Studer, 1887: 49.
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
: xlviii, 54.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
(?)
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptrophora" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calyptrophora</taxonomicName>
(pars) Verrill (in
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B15">Bayer and Cairns 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa regularis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Primnoa regularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, St. Lucia, south of
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="13.6075">13°36'27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-61.059998">61°03'36&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 514 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type specimen">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type specimen.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Neotype</emphasis>
of type housed at NMNH (USNM 49385, wet); not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">None housed at SBMNH.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
<pageBreakToken pageId="73" pageNumber="256" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Colonies of moderate size (to 50 cm height), branched dichotomously or pinnately (some few trichotomously) in single plane, or unbranched. Polyps conspicuous, facing downward, in discrete whorls or pairs, non-retractile. Axis continuous; strongly calcified, especially in lower branches; generally grey to black, sometimes with metallic sheen; down center of axis (longitudinally grooved) is solid core of calcareous material. Base a discoidal holdfast, for attachment to solid substrates. Sclerites are scales, on polyps, usually numbering sixteen to eighteen on each polyp (not counting tentacular sclerites), arranged in three or four pairs of large unfused abaxial body wall scales that partially encircle polyp, but rarely meet adaxially; arranged so as to have definite pattern and number. With adaxial buccal scales commonly present, one well developed buccal in each row. Operculum consists of eight (four pairs) generally triangular scales, each with distinct longitudinal medial keel on inner surface, with corresponding trough on outer surface. Tentacles can contain few to numerous, minute, flat rodlets; coenenchymal sclerites elongate or elliptical scales, often with tall longitudinal keels.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
Exclusively deep water (55-4,594 m), found worldwide (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2008. . https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Cairns and Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
). The genus is noted (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
) as having the second deepest location record of all primnoid genera (4,594 m in the Gulf of Alaska). In addition to species from the Atlantic, there are some 23 species recorded (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
) from regions in the Pacific (Alaska, Japan, Hawaiian Islands, Indonesia and eastern Pacific). Also, a few species are recorded from either the SW Indian Ocean, the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
Islands or off Antarctica (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Cairns stated (2007b) that species of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Narella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found along the southern California coast, from both San Marcos Seamount (2,193 m), and Rodriquez Seamount (664 m). These specimens were very fragmented and could not be definitively identified, but each one may represent an undescribed species. Some 54 named species are considered valid within this genus currently, as seen in the WoRMS Database, listed by Cordeiro et al. (2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
In
<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
1894
</bibRefCitation>
description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ambigua" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">N. ambigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he discussed the presence of an annelid worm from family
<taxonomicName family="Eunicidae" lsidName="" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" rank="family">Eunicidae</taxonomicName>
Berthold, 1827 that had established itself on the coenenchyme. It apparently sought shelter under the wing-shaped extensions, in a space (a tunnel of sorts) produced by the greatly enlarged basal scales of each of the neighboring polyps. In personal note transcriptions (unpublished) made by Bayer, Verrill had outlined thoughts he had concerning the deeper water gorgonians. Regarding the annelid worm found in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
specimen, Verrill (unpublished personal note transcriptions made by Bayer) discussed a comparable situation and referred to
<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
1894
</bibRefCitation>
examination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
The genus is presented here; based on collection records examined (NMNH), there is indication of a distributional range that includes the California Bight. Based on those collection records (NMNH), this is a deep-water genus that has been collected (if only as fragments) several times off the southern California coast (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
According to
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
, there were some 38 recognized species (that number has increased, according to Cordeiro et al. 2019), making this a species-rich genus; in fact, it is said to be the most prolific of the primnoid genera
<pageBreakToken pageId="74" pageNumber="257" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
). Of those, there may be at least a few species that could potentially be found in or near the California Bight;
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella ambigua" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Narella ambigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Studer, 1894 is one species that might yet be found in the Bight. CAS has seven records of this genus (none identified to species), coming from Hawaii and Alaska. MBARI has posted on-line images of those in this genus found on Davidson Seamount, photographed at depths of 2,669 and 3,079 m. Only one specimen identified to this genus has been recorded as having been collected by MBARI staff, but there are a few additional video observations. This one collected specimen was taken in the general area slightly north and west of San Miguel Island, California Channel Islands. Of interest is a specimen housed at NMNH; from California, Rodriquez Seamount, W of San Miguel Passage,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="34.038055">34°02'17&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-121.04694">121°02'49&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 662 m; coll. unknown, date unknown; USNM 1027059 [wet]. The MBARI specimen and the one at NMNH appeared to be from the same collection event. It is the shape and sculpturing of the abaxial body wall scales that are the best means to identifying a species in the genus; however, finer details regarding sculpturing of scales can only be seen with SEM. Further work with unidentified species housed at CAS and NMNH should be undertaken.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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