267 lines
32 KiB
XML
267 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="4A0AD9D41A85E01C4534E48FC2809E3A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c28e10d-e12c-4399-9bd1-bac99bac1fb4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702869" ID-ZooBank="1A3B7CFF-292B-46AB-82E8-C78BA34618EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849282720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M. & Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2020" docId="03E31B7A5905FFAEFF6CF971BEF7F8F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothynus lancifer Dechambre 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="FFDA63025902FFA4FFFBFFD5BE17FB1B" masterDocTitle="Bothynus entellus (LePeletier & Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1698726678812" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AAF8DBC34A98D207C35F9129AF31C258">Bothynus entellus (LePeletier & Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4939DD09BD27652A6877C7CDBB1754F9">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFD22AF342EA3720911AF7BB3C5300B8">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B4D999F73A095C43DB05D7513953376A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2AEFF556FACD22ACB3129E11CF20567B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6AAA05E14973CB9006BE5E2AB6ABC068">
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<mods:date id="DA14C77FC9EED96D348B2BD6726DE628">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AAAEDE8407B64BB14720E3FF9630AD64">2020-03-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E31B7A5905FFAEFF6CF971BEF7F8F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706209" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706209" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5905FFAEFF6CF971BEF7F8F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E31B7A5905FFAEFF6CF971BEF7F8F4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="C350F9E75905FFA3FF6CF971BC45FDA5" box="[151,594,1700,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF6CF971BC45FDA5" blockId="7.[151,594,1700,1763]" box="[151,594,1700,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="D0BD1D005905FFA3FF6CF971BC45FDA5" bold="true" box="[151,594,1700,1727]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5905FFA3FF6CF971BC45FDA5" authority="Dechambre, 1981" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,594,1700,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF6CF971BC45FDA5" bold="true" box="[151,594,1700,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF6CF971BF66FDA4" bold="true" box="[151,369,1700,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5905FFA3FE83F970BC45FDA5" author="Dechambre, R. - P." box="[376,594,1700,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref11111" refString="Dechambre, R. - P. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Dynastidae dela region neotropicale (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, New Series, 3, 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1981">Dechambre, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C350F9E75905FFA3FF6CF91DBFECFDF8" box="[151,507,1736,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF6CF91DBFECFDF8" blockId="7.[151,594,1700,1763]" box="[151,507,1736,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FF64F91DBEFAFDF8" box="[159,237,1736,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1422,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer. A, Male, dorsal view; B, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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A–B; 7C; 8D; 9D; 12D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C350F9E75905FFA3FF6CF8D8BD01FC3E" box="[151,790,1804,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF6CF8D8BD01FC3E" blockId="7.[151,790,1804,1829]" box="[151,790,1804,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5A8D425905FFA3FF6CF8D8BD01FC3E" box="[151,790,1804,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEB8C7D5905FFA3FF6CF8D8BC25FC3E" author="Dechambre, R. - P." box="[151,562,1804,1829]" page="123" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" year="1981">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5905FFA3FF6CF8D8BC25FC3E" authority="Dechambre 1981: 123" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,562,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF6CF8D8BF5CFC3E" box="[151,331,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5905FFA3FEAAF8D9BC25FC3E" author="Dechambre, R. - P." box="[337,562,1804,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref11111" refString="Dechambre, R. - P. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Dynastidae dela region neotropicale (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, New Series, 3, 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1981">Dechambre 1981: 123</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(original description).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C350F9E75905FFA3FF6CF887BA28FCC2" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5905FFA3FF6CF887BA28FCC2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1874,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FF6CF887BF05FC76" bold="true" box="[151,274,1874,1901]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5905FFA3FEE7F886BFF2FC76" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1981" box="[284,485,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E5905FFA3FEE7F886BFF2FC76" box="[284,485,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other species of the group by the following combination of characters: pronotum with acute apical tubercle and one small tubercle on each side of posterior area (
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<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FAC9F8A2BB98FC8A" box="[1330,1423,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1422,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer. A, Male, dorsal view; B, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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); mesofemora completely setose (
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<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FE06F84EBC42FCAE" box="[509,597,1947,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1422,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer. A, Male, dorsal view; B, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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); tergite VII with one band of well-marked carinae (
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<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FB6DF84EBAFAFCAE" box="[1174,1261,1947,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1691,1716]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,196,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1417,181,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tergite VII, detail of the stridulatory area (carinae, arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. araya; C, B. lancifer. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702883/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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); lateral “flaps” of parameres with a weak contraction at lateroventral area in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="1371B6E95905FFA3FC23F86ABA25FCC2" box="[984,1074,1983,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,727,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,705,1941]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Aedeagus in lateral view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer (lateroventral contraction, arrow); E, B. araya; F, B. condacki. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702887/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF35FAE4590AFFACFF6CF84CBA39FCCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702875/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" startId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[239,1314,202,1907]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C590AFFACFF6CF84CBA39FCCE" blockId="8.[151,1436,1945,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFF6CF84CBF02FCA9" bold="true" box="[151,277,1945,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF590AFFACFEE5F84FBFCBFCA9" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[286,476,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFEE5F84FBFCBFCA9" box="[286,476,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Bothynus tricornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFE10F84CBFEAFCA9" bold="true" box="[491,509,1945,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
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, Major male, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFCE0F84FBD3BFCA9" bold="true" box="[795,812,1946,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
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, median male, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFBAEF84CBA70FCA9" bold="true" box="[1109,1127,1945,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
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, minor male, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFA7FF84FBB81FCA9" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1946,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
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, female, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590AFFACFE97F86BBF6AFCCD" bold="true" box="[364,381,1982,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
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, hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF35FAE4590BFFADFF6CF901BB39FDF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702877" box="[151,1326,1748,1773]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" startId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" targetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C590BFFADFF6CF901BB39FDF7" blockId="9.[151,1326,1748,1773]" box="[151,1326,1748,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFF6CF901BF04FDF6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1748,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF590BFFADFEE2F901BFDAFDF7" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1981" box="[281,461,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFEE2F901BFDAFDF7" box="[281,461,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFE22F901BFFCFDF6" bold="true" box="[473,491,1748,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">A</emphasis>
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, Male, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFD47F900BCDAFDF6" bold="true" box="[700,717,1749,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">B</emphasis>
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, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C350F9E7590BFFADFF3CF8CEBC15FCBA" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C590BFFADFF3CF8CEBCEBFC42" blockId="9.[151,1437,1818,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFF3CF8CEBF79FC2E" bold="true" box="[199,366,1818,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B22A031590BFFADFE86F8CEBCEBFC42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116356" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="E. Bartlett." pageId="9" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F114CE590BFFADFE86F8CEBFF2FC2E" box="[381,485,1819,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF590BFFADFDC9F8CEBDDBFC2E" authority="Dechambre, 1981" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1981" box="[562,972,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
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||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFDC9F8CEBCEEFC2E" box="[562,761,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D590BFFADFCFBF8CEBDDBFC2E" author="Dechambre, R. - P." box="[768,972,1819,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref11111" refString="Dechambre, R. - P. (1981) Nouvelles especes de Dynastidae dela region neotropicale (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, New Series, 3, 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1981">Dechambre, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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: examined (
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<collectionCode id="ED5B32A9590BFFADFBAFF8CEBAA7FC2E" box="[1108,1200,1819,1845]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">MNHN</collectionCode>
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||
). Labeled: “Peruvian Amazon, Lamas, Haulhaga, 1867, Col. by
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<collectorName id="26BFCFBA590BFFADFD8EF8EABCE4FC42" box="[629,755,1855,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">E. Bartlett.</collectorName>
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”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C590BFFADFF3CF8B7BC15FCBA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1818,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFF3CF8B7BC3AFC66" bold="true" box="[199,557,1890,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498E648E590BFFADFF3CF8B7BF50FC66" box="[199,327,1890,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Additional</collectingRegion>
|
||
material examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B22A031590BFFADFDC0F8B6BF79FCBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116262" collectingDate="2017-01" country="Peru" elevation="1600" location="Central Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E5590BFFADFDC0F8B6BC9DFC66" box="[571,650,1891,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFD6FF8B6BCD9FC66" bold="true" box="[660,718,1891,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35DEAFC590BFFADFD6FF8B6BCD9FC66" box="[660,718,1891,1917]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFD27F8B6BDC3FC66" bold="true" box="[732,980,1890,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Departamento
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498E648E590BFFADFC6BF8B7BDC3FC66" box="[912,980,1890,1917]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8E95FCB7590BFFADFC18F8B6BA65FC66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E31B7A5905FFAEFF6CF971BEF7F8F4:8E95FCB7590BFFADFC18F8B6BA65FC66" box="[995,1138,1891,1917]" country="Peru" name="Central Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" stateProvince="Junin">Central Peru</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A47B34E590BFFADFB86F8B6BB22FC66" box="[1149,1333,1891,1917]" location="Satipo" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<quantity id="4CB20789590BFFADFB86F8B6BAD3FC66" box="[1149,1220,1891,1917]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
W Satipo
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB20789590BFFADFABAF8B6BB80FC66" box="[1345,1431,1891,1917]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00674D5F590BFFADFABAF8B6BB80FC66" box="[1345,1431,1891,1917]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF48CAC590BFFADFF6CF852BEF5FCBA" box="[151,226,1927,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" value="2017-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB07544590BFFADFF6CF852BEF5FCBA" box="[151,226,1927,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" value="2017-01">I.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, R. Marx—
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B22A031590BFFADFE95F852BFE9FCBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575116303" box="[366,510,1927,1953]" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Departamento">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4C61E5590BFFADFE95F852BF9DFCBA" box="[366,394,1927,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5B32A9590BFFADFE62F852BFE0FCBA" box="[409,503,1927,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">CERPE</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C350F9E7590BFFAEFF3CF87FBEF7F8F4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C590BFFAEFF3CF87FBC37F820" blockId="9.[151,1437,1818,2025]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,153,1007]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFF3CF87FBF7AFCDE" bold="true" box="[199,365,1962,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFE85F87EBFACFCDE" bold="true" box="[382,443,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFE30F87EBC49FCDE" bold="true" box="[459,606,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
: 32.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB20789590BFFADFD54F87FBD0FFCDE" box="[687,792,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="33.5">33.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFCDEF87EBDA6FCDE" bold="true" box="[805,945,1962,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Body width</emphasis>
|
||
: 17.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFBC2F87FBA6AFCDE" bold="true" box="[1081,1149,1962,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Color</emphasis>
|
||
: Nearly completely dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E9590BFFADFF5BF81ABEEBFCF2" box="[160,252,1999,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E590BFFADFEE8F81ABF44FCF2" bold="true" box="[275,339,1999,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Clypeus subpentagonal in shape, surface strongly rugopunctate, with scarce setae scattered on sides, apical half strongly constricted laterally, basal half with subparallel and moderately raised sides. Frontoclypeal suture with 2 strong, transverse tubercles. Interocular width equals 3.3 transverse eye diameters; frons strongly rugopunctate, setose just behind frotoclypeal suture. Eye canthus transverse, slightly arched, with dorsoventrally scattered setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFE41FED0BC45FA04" bold="true" box="[442,594,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Mouthparts:</emphasis>
|
||
Mandibles bidentate, teeth strong, conic shaped. Maxilla with 5 teeth on galea, 2 teeth on apex (1 strong, 1 weak), 2 teeth at middle (both weak), 1 tooth at base (weak). Mentum flattened, disc weakly punctate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFE6DFE98BC18FA7C" bold="true" box="[406,527,333,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
: Rounded on sides, slightly narrow laterally near to anterolateral angles; apical tubercle strong, horn shaped, conic, upcurved, covering the head, acute at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95908FFAEFBE0FEA4BA62FA90" box="[1051,1141,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior area with strong declivity; posterior area strongly convex, with 1 small tubercles on each side; apical tubercle densely covered with oval shaped punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFE64FE6DBC40FAC8" bold="true" box="[415,599,440,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Scutellar shield</emphasis>
|
||
: Triangular in shape, smooth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFC55FE6CBDEDFAC8" bold="true" box="[942,1018,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: Lateral surface near to outer margin with a row of punctures, extended toward apex; apical surface more densely punctate than discal area, punctures larger in size compared to discal punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFD72FDD4BCD6F900" bold="true" box="[649,705,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Protibiae with obtuse teeth; spur slightly narrow near apex; last protarsomere with a middle-ventral tooth. Mesofemora completely setose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95908FFAEFC11FDF0BA53F924" box="[1002,1092,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1773]" captionTargetBox="[184,1407,209,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1422,181,1722]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer. A, Male, dorsal view; B, mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702877/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesotibiae with two weakly crenulate carinae on external surface; apex weakly crenulate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFCACFD9DBDDBF978" bold="true" box="[855,972,584,611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Ventrites I–III completely setose, IV–V densely setose on sides, becoming weak toward to discal area, VI with setae confined on apex. Tergite VII with stridulatory apparatus formed by one band of well-marked, transverse carinae; discal area covered with rugosity observed under high magnifications (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95908FFAEFDC2FD60BC86F9D4" box="[569,657,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1691,1716]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,196,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1417,181,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tergite VII, detail of the stridulatory area (carinae, arrow). A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. araya; C, B. lancifer. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite VIII covered by weakly, setose punctures, confined to sides.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFF6CFD0DBF1DF9E8" bold="true" box="[151,266,728,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||
: Parameres in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95908FFAEFDB7FD0CBCB1F9E8" box="[588,678,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[218,1363,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[199,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parameres in caudal view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki (inner apical contraction, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), basal half with rounded sides, middle area strongly constricted at sides, apical half with subparallel lateral “flaps”, narrower than basal half. Parameres in lateral view, with a slightly lateroventral contraction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95908FFAEFE42FCF4BC04F820" box="[441,531,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,727,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,705,1941]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Aedeagus in lateral view. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer (lateroventral contraction, arrow); E, B. araya; F, B. condacki. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702887/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5908FFAEFF3CFC90BFB5F844" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,1007]" box="[199,418,837,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFF3CFC90BF09F844" bold="true" box="[199,286,837,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF5AA6C5908FFAEFF3CFCBDBEF7F8F4" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFF3CFCBDBFFDF898" bold="true" box="[199,490,872,899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35DEAFC5908FFAEFE01FCBCBC25F898" box="[506,562,873,899]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498E648E5908FFAEFDC5FCBCBC6AF898" box="[574,637,873,899]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Lamas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1371B6E95908FFAEFD1DFCBCBD46F898" box="[742,849,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1969,1994]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,230,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[195,1393,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution map of the Bothynus entellus species group. A, Bothynus entellus; B, B. stenelus; C, B. tricornis; D, B. lancifer; E, B. araya; F, B. condacki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3702893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3702893/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5908FFAEFC9DFCBCBA39F898" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="1981" box="[870,1070,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lancifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFC9DFCBCBA39F898" box="[870,1070,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Bothynus lancifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Peruvian Amazon and despite the geographic separation from the Brazilian species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4AD1EF5908FFAEFC3FFC5BBA2BF8BC" box="[964,1084,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFC3FFC5BBDC2F8BC" box="[964,981,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFC1EFC58BA2BF8BC" box="[997,1084,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">entellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, there are recent linkage events between the Atlantic forest and Amazonia forest for other taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5908FFAEFBEAFC64BAFAF8D0" author="Ledo, R. M. D. & Colli, G. R." box="[1041,1261,945,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" pagination="2551 - 2563" refId="ref11399" refString="Ledo, R. M. D. & Colli, G. R. (2017) The historical connections between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest revisited. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 2551 - 2563. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13049" type="journal article" year="2017">Ledo & Colli 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBD79D5908FFAEFB01FC64BEC3F8F4" author="Bartoleti, L. F. M. & Peres, E. A. & Fontes, F. H. M. & Marcio, J. S. & Solferini, V. S." pageId="10" pageNumber="111" pagination="1246 - 1260" refId="ref10890" refString="Bartoleti, L. F. M., Peres, E. A., Fontes, F. H. M., Marcio, J. S. & Solferini, V. S. (2018) Phylogeography of the widespread spider Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Araneidae) in South America indicates geologically and climatically driven lineage diversification. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1246 - 1260. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13217" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bartoleti
|
||
<emphasis id="B93E767E5908FFAEFA98FC67BB8AF8D0" box="[1379,1437,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |