Bothynus entellus (LePeletier & Serville) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) species group: taxonomic revision and description of two new species Author Duarte, Paulo R. M. Author Grossi, Paschoal C. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-03-10 4750 1 101 121 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.5 8c28e10d-e12c-4399-9bd1-bac99bac1fb4 1175-5326 3702869 1A3B7CFF-292B-46AB-82E8-C78BA34618EC Bothynus lancifer Dechambre, 1981 ( Figs. 4 A–B; 7C; 8D; 9D; 12D) Bothynus lancifer Dechambre 1981: 123 (original description). Diagnosis. Bothynus lancifer is distinguished from other species of the group by the following combination of characters: pronotum with acute apical tubercle and one small tubercle on each side of posterior area ( Fig. 4A ); mesofemora completely setose ( Fig. 4B ); tergite VII with one band of well-marked carinae ( Fig. 7C ); lateral “flaps” of parameres with a weak contraction at lateroventral area in lateral view ( Fig. 9D ). FIGURE 3. Bothynus tricornis . A , Major male, dorsal view; B , median male, dorsal view; C , minor male, dorsal view; D , female, dorsal view; E , hypomeron, ventral view (emargination, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm. FIGURE 4. Bothynus lancifer . A , Male, dorsal view; B , mesofemora (completely setose, arrow). Scale bars: 2 mm. Type material . Holotype male, Bothynus lancifer Dechambre, 1981 : examined ( MNHN ). Labeled: “Peruvian Amazon, Lamas, Haulhaga, 1867, Col. by E. Bartlett. ” Additional material examined . 1 male . Peru : Departamento Junín : Central Peru , 30 km W Satipo , 1600 m , I.2017 , R. Marx— 1♂ ( CERPE ) . Redescription . Male . Body length : 32.0– 33.5 mm . Body width : 17.0 mm. Color : Nearly completely dark ( Fig. 8A ). Head : Clypeus subpentagonal in shape, surface strongly rugopunctate, with scarce setae scattered on sides, apical half strongly constricted laterally, basal half with subparallel and moderately raised sides. Frontoclypeal suture with 2 strong, transverse tubercles. Interocular width equals 3.3 transverse eye diameters; frons strongly rugopunctate, setose just behind frotoclypeal suture. Eye canthus transverse, slightly arched, with dorsoventrally scattered setae. Mouthparts: Mandibles bidentate, teeth strong, conic shaped. Maxilla with 5 teeth on galea, 2 teeth on apex (1 strong, 1 weak), 2 teeth at middle (both weak), 1 tooth at base (weak). Mentum flattened, disc weakly punctate. Pronotum : Rounded on sides, slightly narrow laterally near to anterolateral angles; apical tubercle strong, horn shaped, conic, upcurved, covering the head, acute at apex ( Fig. 8A ); anterior area with strong declivity; posterior area strongly convex, with 1 small tubercles on each side; apical tubercle densely covered with oval shaped punctures. Scutellar shield : Triangular in shape, smooth. Elytra : Lateral surface near to outer margin with a row of punctures, extended toward apex; apical surface more densely punctate than discal area, punctures larger in size compared to discal punctures. Legs : Protibiae with obtuse teeth; spur slightly narrow near apex; last protarsomere with a middle-ventral tooth. Mesofemora completely setose ( Fig. 4B ). Mesotibiae with two weakly crenulate carinae on external surface; apex weakly crenulate. Abdomen : Ventrites I–III completely setose, IV–V densely setose on sides, becoming weak toward to discal area, VI with setae confined on apex. Tergite VII with stridulatory apparatus formed by one band of well-marked, transverse carinae; discal area covered with rugosity observed under high magnifications ( Fig. 7C ). Tergite VIII covered by weakly, setose punctures, confined to sides. Aedeagus : Parameres in caudal view ( Fig. 8D ), basal half with rounded sides, middle area strongly constricted at sides, apical half with subparallel lateral “flaps”, narrower than basal half. Parameres in lateral view, with a slightly lateroventral contraction ( Fig. 9D ). Female . Unknown. Geographic distribution : Peru : Junín , Lamas ( Fig. 12D ). Bothynus lancifer occurs in the Peruvian Amazon and despite the geographic separation from the Brazilian species of the B . entellus species group, there are recent linkage events between the Atlantic forest and Amazonia forest for other taxa ( Ledo & Colli 2017 ; Bartoleti et al. 2018 ).